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Development of the Mental Health Screening Form III
Abstract
The author played a key role in the creation of the Mental Health Screening Form III (MHSF-III). It is noted that one must
understand who will be using a given tool, the setting it will be used, and how the information obtained from it will be used
by staff. To meet the needs of clinicians, MHSF-III was required to be short, understandable, inexpensive, and easy to use.
The tool is not meant to be diagnostic but rather one which can better screen for possible mental health problems and to effectively
refer identified cases.
... They were then briefed about the details of the study and their participation. Assurance of the participants' good mental health condition was secured by asking the family caregivers to answer the Mental Health Screening Form III (Carroll, 2007) and attest that the college-aged student is exhibiting good mental health indicators. ...
With the increasing incidence of suicidality among the youth, identifying effective care and support that family members provide is essential. Despite numerous studies on the link between suicide mitigation and caregiving, the dyadic process and dynamics of family members supporting youth at risk have been scarcely explored. This study utilizes grounded theory to explore the actions, interactions, and processes involved in caregiving and receiving between five pairs of Filipino family caregivers and college-aged care receivers who recovered from suicidality. The study gave rise to a seven-phase model that characterizes the dynamic dyadic interactions between the family caregiver and the youth care receiver. This is summarized in the acronym C2 A2 R2 E, which means calling-on, contemplating, accepting, allowing, responding, reciprocating, and empowering. This model highlights the processes and dynamics of care within families, which may be useful in paving the way for families and mental health professionals to foster more effective support in mitigating suicidality among youth at risk.
... Screening for preexisting Axis I disorders and general psychopathology was conducted using a brief psychopathology screening measure adapted from the Mental Health Screening Form-III (MHSF-III; Carroll & McGinley, 2000). Additionally, enrolled participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory-2nd edition (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Speilberger et al., 1983), and a modified version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES; Starkstein et al., 1992). ...
Objective: Research on impairments of spatial attention has primarily investigated hemispatial neglect in brain-lesioned patients, revealing decrements in the allocation of attention to right versus left egocentric or allocentric hemispace. Whereas head trauma might injure those parts of the brain that allocate vertical attention, little is known about the influence of trauma on the allocation of visuospatial attention in vertical space. Thus, the goal of this study was to learn if chronic moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (m/sTBI) alters the allocation of vertical visuospatial attention as assessed by the Attention Network Task (ANT). The ANT assesses the influence of Posner-type spatial cues and distractors using an Eriksen flanker task.
Methods: 12 chronic m/sTBI patients and 12 demographically-matched neurologically-healthy controls (HCs) completed a version of the ANT wherein trials were coded for cue and target locations above and below central visual fixation. Trial-wise reaction times (RT) and accuracy were subjected to mixed-model ANOVAs and planned contrasts.
Results: These data were subject to secondary analyses, which revealed that across groups, median RTs were significantly faster when targets occurred above than below the central visual fixation (p < .01); however, only HCs’ error rates differed as a function of target altitude. Unlike controls, m/sTBI survivors did not exhibit the anticipated upward error-rate attentional bias.
Conclusions: As alteration of spatial attention can be a major cause of disability, present findings suggest that m/sTBI survivors exhibit this loss of normal upward attentional bias. Future studies are need to learn if these patients might benefit from treatment.
... The absence of a mental health disorder in the healthy controls was assessed by a Chinese translation of the Mental Health Screening Form-III (MHSF-III). 41,42 If more than 10% of the patients used a specific medication type, we investigated its association with DNA methylation (using the first principal component of the methylation measures). Based on this criterion, clozapine (n = 37) and chlorpromazine (n = 26) use were examined as potential confounders in the Chinese famine discovery sample by analyzing the correlation with main determinants (famine and diagnosis) and outcome (methylation). ...
Epigenetic changes may account for the doubled risk to develop schizophrenia in individuals exposed to famine in utero. We therefore investigated DNA methylation in a unique sample of patients and healthy individuals conceived during the great famine in China. Subsequently, we examined two case-control samples without famine exposure in whole blood and brain tissue. To shed light on the causality of the relation between famine exposure and DNA methylation, we exposed human fibroblasts to nutritional deprivation. In the famine-exposed schizophrenia patients, we found significant hypermethylation of the dual specificity phosphatase 22 (DUSP22) gene promoter (Chr6:291687-293285) (N = 153, p = 0.01). In this sample, DUSP22 methylation was also significantly higher in patients independent of famine exposure (p = 0.025), suggesting that hypermethylation of DUSP22 is also more generally involved in schizophrenia risk. Similarly, DUSP22 methylation was also higher in two separate case-control samples not exposed to famine using DNA from whole blood (N = 64, p = 0.03) and postmortem brains (N = 214, p = 0.007). DUSP22 methylation showed strong genetic regulation across chromosomes by a region on chromosome 16 which was consistent with new 3D genome interaction data. The presence of a direct link between famine and DUSP22 transcription was supported by data from cultured human fibroblasts that showed increased methylation (p = 0.048) and expression (p = 0.019) in response to nutritional deprivation (N = 10). These results highlight an epigenetic locus that is genetically regulated across chromosomes and that is involved in the response to early-life exposure to famine and that is relevant for a major psychiatric disorder.
... The outreach team conducted a comprehensive screening, which included questions to determine if a person was literally homeless or at risk of homelessness and the Simple Screening Instrument for Substance Abuse (SSI-SA, Boothroyd et al., 2013) to determine if the individual had a current alcohol disorder. The screening interview also included the Mental Health Screening Form III (MHSF-III, Carroll & McGinley, 2001) to help clinical staff assess the presence of mental health symptoms; however, this form does not yield a diagnosis nor were mental health symptoms an admission criterion for study inclusion. After it was determined that individuals met the study inclusion criteria of homeless with a current alcohol disorder, research interviewers conducted the informed consent process; outreach staff linked the participant with the most clinically appropriate treatment team (CRA or ACT/IDDT) based on screening information and clinical interviews assessing the severity of any co-occurring mental health disorders. ...
Background: Relatively few community-based programs have been found to be helpful for homeless people with alcohol disorders, even though this group represents a high-risk, vulnerable population prone to poor outcomes.
Aims: This study sought to implement and evaluate intensive community-based programs for homeless people with alcohol disorders.
Method: The project worked closely with a homeless outreach team for referrals, and then provided two different, intensive substance abuse treatment approaches matched to the needs of two subgroups: homeless individuals with alcohol disorders without severe mental illness received community reinforcement approach (CRA) and case management services, while those with alcohol and severe mental illness were assigned to assertive community treatment and integrated dual disorders (ACT/IDDT) services. The study enrolled 322 homeless people with alcohol disorders and outcomes were assessed at six months and program discharge.
Results: Participants improved significantly over the first six months in a number of outcome areas, including substance abuse, mental health, housing, employment and health; progress generally remained stable between six months and discharge.
Conclusions: Community-based programs that coordinate with mobile outreach teams and then provide CRA and ACT/IDDT appear to be promising approaches for helping individuals with alcohol disorders out of homelessness and into recovery.
... Participants were recruited from a community-based mental health homeless outreach team, which identified and engaged potential participants at community sites including homeless shelters, drop-in centers, hospital emergency departments, drug courts and the streets. Once a comprehensive screening [which included the Simple Screening Instrument for Substance Abuse [16] and the Mental Health Screening Form III [17] and treatment assessment had been completed, and it was determined that individuals met the study inclusion criteria, they were linked with the most clinically-appropriate treatment team and consented to be in the research study. Participants were paid $10 for each data collection interview. ...
... Descriptive information, including injury characteristics and neuropsychological test data are provided in Table 1. All participants were screened for the presence of psychiatric disorders using the Mental Health Screening Form-III (Carroll & McGinley, 2001). Other exclusion criteria for both groups were current or previous psychiatric disorder, learning disability, alcohol or substance abuse, other acquired brain disorders (e.g., epilepsy, stroke), anti-epileptic or psychotropic medication use, color-blindness, uncorrected visual impairment, or participation in current litigation. ...
Literature suggests that individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) show subtle abnormalities in the cognitive control process of performance monitoring. The neural bases of performance monitoring can be measured using the error-related negaitivity (ERN) and post-error positivity (Pe) components of the scalp-recorded event-related potential (ERP). Thirty-six individuals with mTBI and 46 demographically similar controls completed a modified color-naming Stroop task while ERPs were recorded. Separate repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to examine the behavioral (response times [RT] and error rates) and ERP (ERN and Pe amplitudes) indices of performance monitoring. Both groups showed slower RTs and increased error rates on incongruent trials relative to congruent trials. Likewise, both groups showed more negative ERN and more positive Pe amplitude to error trials relative to correct trials. Notably, there were no significant main effects or interactions of group for behavioral and ERP measures. Subgroup and correlational analyses with post-concussive symptoms and indices of injury severity were also not significant. Findings suggest comparable performance to non-injured individuals in some aspects of cognitive control in this sample. Neuropsychological implications and comparison with other cognitive control component processes in individuals with TBI are provided.
... Thus, final enrollment included 29 individuals with mild TBI and 36 neurologically-healthy controls. All participants were screened for the presence of psychiatric disorders using the Mental Health Screening Form-III (Carroll and McGinley, 2001). A self-report form was used to assess for other possible exclusionary factors. ...
Recent studies suggest that individuals who have experienced a concussion or mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) show deficits in cognitive control. We tested the hypothesis that behavioral (response time [RT] and error rate) and electrophysiological (N450 and conflict SP components of the event-related potential [ERP]) reflections of conflict monitoring and conflict adaptation would be attenuated in 29 individuals with mild TBI compared to 36 control participants. Groups did not differ in age, sex, years of education, or neuropsychological test performance. Conflict monitoring and conflict adaptation can be seen when behavioral and ERP indices are reduced following high-conflict trials relative to low-conflict trials. Participants completed a Stroop task with 50% congruent and 50% incongruent trials. Behaviorally, both groups showed statistically significant conflict adaptation effects for RTs and error rates; these effects did not differ as a function of group. For ERPs, both groups showed more negative N450 and more positive conflict SP amplitudes on incongruent trials relative to congruent trials. Groups significantly differed in level of conflict adaptation for the conflict SP; controls showed significant conflict adaptation, whereas individuals with mild TBI did not. ERP amplitudes did not correlate with indices of injury severity or time since injury. Findings replicate and extend previous work that suggests the conflict SP is sensitive to conflict adaptation in healthy individuals, but is decreased in individuals across the range of TBI severity. Findings also suggest that mild TBI is associated with intact conflict monitoring, but altered conflict adaptation and adjustment processes.
... Study enrollment included 36 right-handed individuals (20 female) with a mean age of 24.3 years (S.D. = 7.9, range 18-49 years). All participants were screened for potential psychiatric disorders using the Mental Health Screening Form-III (Carroll & McGinley, 2000. Pre-screening also excluded participants if they endorsed a history of learning disability, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, alcohol or substance abuse, acquired brain disorders (e.g., traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, stroke), or color-blindness as measured by the Ishihara pseudo-isochromatic color plates (Clark, 1924). ...
Cognitive control theory suggests conflict effects are reduced following high- relative to low-conflict trials. Such reactive adjustments in control, frequently termed "conflict adaptation effects," indicate a dynamic interplay between regulative and evaluative components of cognitive control necessary for adaptable goal-directed behavior. The current study examined conflict adaptation effects while 36 neurologically-normal participants performed a single-trial color-naming Stroop task. Trials preceded by incongruent (high conflict) and congruent (low conflict) trials were compared for behavioral (response time [RT] and error rate) and electrophysiological (N450 and conflict SP components of the event-related potential [ERP]) concomitants of cognitive control. A conflict adaptation effect was present for RTs that could not be accounted for by associative or negative priming. ERPs revealed a parietal conflict slow potential (conflict SP) that differentiated incongruent from congruent trials and monotonically differentiated current trial congruency on the basis of previous-trial context (i.e., showed conflict adaptation); the fronto-medial N450 was sensitive to current trial congruency but not to previous-trial context. Direct comparison of normalized conflict SP and N450 amplitudes showed the conflict SP was sensitive to the effects of previous-trial context, while the N450 was so to a lesser extent and in a different pattern. Findings provide clarification on the neural time course of conflict adaptation and raise further questions regarding the relative roles of the parietal conflict SP and fronto-medial N450 in conflict detection and processing.
The study employs a sample of 584 men and women referred to a multisite BIP and investigates IPV risk factors and stressors. The study also identifies unique risk factors and stressors in association with both IPV perpetration and IPV victimization. The findings show that women in the sample were more likely than men to report IPV victimization but the difference between the two groups is only marginally significant. Criminal thinking shows the most robust findings and is significantly associated with both IPV perpetration and IPV victimization. Mental health problems are consistently associated with both IPV perpetration and IPV victimization. The study’s findings are particularly relevant for the design and implementation of BIP that address participants’ needs based on gender.
The Mental Health Screening Form-III(MHSF-III; Carroll & McGinley, 2000) was designed to address the need in the chemical dependency field for an easy-to-use, brief (18 items answered “yes” or “no”), no-cost instrument that would identify clients with co-occurring psychiatric difficulties. The instrument requires minimal training to use. Most clients complete it in 15 minutes, including the inquiry recommended for all “yes” responses. Data is provided on the MHSF-III's reliability and validity, as well as a survey of 111 therapeutic community residents. The survey results noted underlying psychopathology in the majority of clients surveyed.