GLOBALIZACIÓN Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE IDENTIDADES EN LA CIUDAD CONTEMPORÁNEA: UN ANÁLISIS DE DISCURSO DE LA NUEVA ORDENANZA CÍVICA DE BARCELONA
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This paper makes a discourse analysis of the Civic Ordinance of Barcelona, adopted by the City Hall of Barcelona- Spain in January of 2006, in order to typify and manage behaviour in the public spaces of the city. The textual corpus we used for this analysis is the Ordinance project in its two versions. The Discourse Analysis methodology used in this study has been proposed by different authors in this field (Martín Rojo, 2001; Parker, 1992; Potter & Wetherell, 1987; Van Dijk, 2003; Wetherell, 2001). Results point to the emergence of two kinds of discourses inside the text, as well as
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... After eleven years without any association of trans-people in Barcelona, in 1991, two events coincided that led to the creation of the Catalan Transsexual Association (CTC): firstly, the brutal murder of Sonia, a homeless transsexual woman, at the hands of a group of skinheads in Barcelona (Cleminson et al. 2014; Coll-Planas 2019); secondly, police repression of sex workers during the urban reforms prior to the 1992 Olympic Games. The subject of sex work was a core theme during the entire existence of the association and, in fact, its last great mobilization occurred in the context of a citizens' campaign against the civic behaviour by-laws, which the Barcelona City Council passed in 2005 and which, among other aspects, aimed to persecute street sex work (Escobar and Vargas Monroy 2007). ...
Since the emergence of trans-activism in Barcelona (pioneer in the Spanish context) in 1970, identity categories to refer to people who do not identify with the socially-assigned gender identity have experienced a major transformation. In this article, we analyse the evolution of identity categories related to gender diversity from 1978 to 2010 in order to recover the history of trans-activism and explore its specificities with regard to the hegemonic logic in other western countries. In the period analysed, five associations were identified and studied, revealing a trend that predominantly conceives identity categories in a fluid manner, contrary to the main trans-activism in western countries, which reinforced the medical category ‘transsexual’ in opposition to those of ‘homosexual’ and ‘transvestite’. Moreover, in this period, a profound change can be observed in the political subject (from trans-women working in sex work to middle-class trans-boys), as well as a transformation of alliances: from the rejection of trans-associations by gay and lesbian associations to the subsequent coalition and progressive rapprochement towards feminism.
... señala que además de los recursos retóricos, el ejercicio del poder requiere de la fabricación de espacios gobernables. Así, la Esto nos permite pensar en los dispositivos de vigilancia y ordenamiento territorial que gestionan comportamientos individuales en el marco de una regulación más amplia, como es el caso de la Ordenanza Cívica de Barcelona.En un análisis sobre los discursos emergentes de la Ordenanza Cívica que se comenzó a aplicar en Barcelona en el año 2006 (María GiselaEscobar y Liliana Vargas, 2007), analizamos las formas como el documento activa un dispositivo de vigilancia gubernamental ejercido desde el poder rector en la figura del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona que actúa en combinación no solo con el sistema policial sino con estrategias de autogobierno, vigilancia y delación vecinal produciendo espacios micro-físicos. Desde estas estrategias de control que afectan las prácticas de la vida cotidiana de muchos colectivos, el cumplimiento o no de las normativas señaladas en el documento definen los ámbitos de civismo frente al no-civismo, y a partir de estos lineamientos se pretende regular los usos adecuados del espacio público de Barcelona 106 . ...
In this research, -where the city is a pretext-, I'm interested to claim subjectivity and experience in the production and interpretation of urban spaces through an exercise of situated knowledge. The subject it's me; in wanderings through the streets of Poble Nou's neighbourhood in Barcelona, leaving me by my senses and perceptions. I suggest not only a nomadic practice but a nomadic epistemology because wandering proposes the nonconformity with the hegemonic and dominant centrality. This nomadic subjectivity offers a preferential position to images, metaphors and aesthetics as forms that propose social senses beyond the limits of grammatical constructions.
Through the visual turn, I try to make problematic the city from its visible objects, instead of thinking it as just a geographical place; in other words, I intend to propose the city as a possible space where the objects are presented to our views while they are crossed by our experiences. By another hand, visual turn also reveals how the mechanisms of power creates performance meanings that are not in the frame of discursive construction, but circulates in our ordinary live under the shades of global image.
In my comprehension to Poble Nou, the images are process that circulates in a macro and micro-political level: from the global image-model where the city is presented under the slogan of that shows us in the new design architectures, to the production of subjectivities that evidence juxtaposition of three imaginaries: industrial neighbourhood and its working memory; artistic neighbourhood of the craft workshops, and a new audiovisual-technological imaginary that demands the displacement of the workshops and manufactures.
To clarify the tension among the global power and practices of every day life I propose a trip through two metaphors that also figures two perspectives to the city:
1.- Zenithal view cartographies: is the figuration of the truly absolute ideal and supposed universality of the knowledge that pretends to cover the territory simulating a world to scale, distrusting the plural, subjective and routine practices in the cities. This space is portrayed by the Poble Nou/22@ project and crosses by four points: a.) the divine eye, b.) the promise of the visual devices, c.) subordinates spaces and d.) rational cartographies.
2.- Impure view setting: this provocative metaphor makes problematic the purity that underlies scientific pretension and proposes impurity as implication of our body in the comprehension of the world from a <>, imaginary and emotional though. In this way, I suggest a turn to the zenithal model for the purpose of enunciate Poble Nou from my own subjective practices at the level of the floor. This setting is framed by four coordinates: a.) places of the look, b.) contra-hegemonic cartography, c.) city as a form, and d.) political of aesthetic experience.
In both perspectives urban objects motivate the interpretations of a gentrificated neighbourhood in a quickly urban transformation, in front of the political potency of their inhabitants.
The social, as a plane of thought and action, has been central to political thought and political programmes since the mid-nineteenth century. This paper argues that, while themes of society and concerns with social cohesion and social justice are still significant in political argument, the social is no longer a key zone, traget and objective of strategies of government. The rise of the language of globalization indicates that economic relations are no longer easily understood as organized across a single bounded national economy. Community has become a new spatialization of government: heterogeneous, plural, linking individuals, families and others into contesting cultrual assemblies of identities and allegiances. Divisions among the subjects of government are coded in new ways; neither included nor excluded are governed as social citizens. Non-political strategies are deployed for the management of expert authority. Anti-political motifs such as associationism and communitarianism which do not seek to govern through society, are on the rise in political thought. The paper suggests some ways of diagnosing and analysing these novel territorializations of political thought and action.
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