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Antibacterial efficacy of colloidal silver alone and in combination with other antibiotics on isolates from wound Infections
... P.aeruginosa is also the third leading cause with 12% of hospital acquired urinary tract infections [6] and may cause other nosocomial infections like septicemia and chronic lung infections [7]. The contribution of contaminated hard surfaces such as bed rails, bed side tables and door knobs consider to be a major cause of nosocomial infections as the microbes can survive on hard surfaces for months [8 -9], with the presence of bacterial resistance to most conventional antibiotics this led to search for possible alternative antimicrobial agents that can destroy the resistance bacteria without side effects and lower coast [10]. Many studies shows that copper surfaces may help diminish surfaces related hygiene problems, copper surfaces proved to have a great killing efficiency against a wide range of microbes [11][12], as copper ions accumulate inside the cell and prevent reproduction by damaging cell membrane and proteins which cause cell death [13]. ...
... All Pseudomonas aerugiosa isolates in this study was cultured on brain -heart infusion agar medium and incubated at 37 °C for 18-14 hours, then, an inoculum of 10 7 CFU/ml of the test organisms were prepared as mentioned in preparation of inoculums . A volume 0.5ml of The 10 7 inoculum were added into 3 ml of colloidal silver solution in different test tubes containing ( 5ppm and 10 ppm ) colloidal silver solution, incubated at room temperature, for varying periods ranging from 30 minutes to 120 minutes [10]. To determine the number of viable organisms after each incubation period, 100 µL of colloidal silver solution in both concentration (5 ppm and 10 ppm ) was removed and serially diluted to 10 -3 in sterile normal saline solution .Nutrient agar plates were inoculated with 50 µL of each dilution which was spread over the agar with sterile L-shaped spreader, Duplicates were done for each diluent, then all plates were incubated at 37 °C for 18-14 hours. ...
... A propagation of microorganism is formed by cross link which connect the active site between cell wall. So, the propagation of bacteria and mold are affected by temperature, humidity and atmosphere (6) . When silver and copper ion, having an DQWLEDFWHULDO HIIHFW LV SHUPHDWHG ȕ-lactam antibiotic block, which makes a barrier to block the inside of enzyme active site link, is formed (6,7) . ...
... So, the propagation of bacteria and mold are affected by temperature, humidity and atmosphere (6) . When silver and copper ion, having an DQWLEDFWHULDO HIIHFW LV SHUPHDWHG ȕ-lactam antibiotic block, which makes a barrier to block the inside of enzyme active site link, is formed (6,7) . Microorganism needs low concentration of silver and copper as accessory factor for metalloprotein and enzyme, however at high concentration of silver and copper, an inhibition of growth in bacteria is induced (7) . ...
The antibacterial effects of silver and copper ions contained film against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. The 0.2-1.0mol% concentrations of sol were prepared with different amounts of precursor. The films of silver and copper were deposited by sol gel spin and spray coating technique on glass, stainless steel, polycarbonate, ceramic tile substrates. Hard, antibacterial, and transparent organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared by sol gel technique to improve the weak scratch resistance of polycarbonate substrate and get the antibacterial effect. The morphological changes in the cell wall exposed to silver and copper ions were observed by scanning electron microscope. The surfaces coated 0.2mol% of silver and copper ions were shown the 99.9% of antibacterial effect. According to these results, the film contained silver and copper ions can be used across a wide variety of applications such as transparent display glasses, housewares and medical devices.
... Furthermore, the drug interaction study showed no antagonism indicating that concomitant use of colloidal silver with these antibiotics does not affect the absorption or therapeutic efficacy of either agent. Hence, use of colloidal silver in combination with antibiotics can be an effective strategy due to its low toxicity and high therapeutic activity against pathogenic microorganisms (Iroha et al. 2007). ...
Silver has attracted a lot of attention as a powerful, broad spectrum and natural antimicrobial agent since the ancient times because of its non-toxic nature to the human body at low concentrations. It has been used in treatment of various infections and ulcers, storage of water, and prevention of bacterial growth on the surfaces and within materials. However there are numerous medical and health benefits of colloidal or nano silver apart from its microbicidal ability which as yet have not been fully embraced by the medical community. These include antiplatelet activity, antioxidant effect, anticancer activity, wound healing and bone regeneration, enhancement of immunity, and increase in antibiotic efficiency. Additionally silver also provides protection against alcohol toxicity, upper respiratory tract infections and stomach ailments. Although nanosilver has been proposed for various topical applications, its usage by ingestion and inhalation remains controversial due to the lack of detailed and precise toxicity information. These beneficial properties of silver can be utilised by using silver at very low concentrations which are not harmful to the human body and environment. The following review discusses the diverse medical applications of silver and further recommends human clinical studies for its in vivo usage. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
... Colloidal silver is effective in the treatment of septic wounds, having low toxicity without inducing bacterial resistance, is nonallergenic, has a broad antibacterial spectrum and stimulate healing processes and the immune system [35]. ...
Antibacterial quinolones (QNs) are synthetic compounds with excellent complexation properties due to 4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinolone structure with a 7-heterocycle containing nitrogen atoms. The metal complexes of these compounds had led to increased bacterial activity or other biological effects in comparison with the free ligand. Silver complexes with quinolone derivatives can offer a promising perspective through potential antibacterial, antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic effects. In this review the obtaining methods of silver complexes with QNs are compared and discussed; in order to elucidate the chemical structure of reported silver complexes all reported information are reviewed and also the studied biological effects are highlighted and discussed.
... Decreased efficiency and steadily increasing bacterial resistance of pathogens to existing antibiotics is a serious problem which has necessitated the development of new alternatives and continuing research into new classes of antimicrobial agents that can destroy these resistant microorganisms without any side effect and at a lower cost. (Essawi and Srour, 2000;Woodford, 2003;Iroha et al., 2007). Resistance to antibiotics by some bacteria that invade wound causing wound sepsis, injury to the tissue and interference with the normal func-*Corresponding author: E-mail: papajyde2000@yahoo.com. ...
The antibacterial activity of extracts of the root and leaf of Phyllanthus amarus was assessed against extend spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from the stool samples of HIV sero- positive patients with or without diarrhoea between January, 2009 and April, 2009 using Bauer disc diffusion method. The phenotypic confirmation of ESBL-E. coli were done by Double Disc Synergistic Methods (DDST). The phytochemical analysis of both root and leaf revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, cardiac glycoside, terpenes and anthraquinones. The strains isolated from both HIV seropositive patients were susceptible to various concentrations of the extracts (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg ml-1). In view of the efficacy of these extracts in inhibiting the growth of extend spectrum -lactamase producing E. coli in HIV sero-positive patients, the utilization of the extracts in the formulation of new antibacterial drugs for the treatment of gastroenteritis in HIV positive patients caused by this organism is strongly recommended especially when the availability and low cost of these medicinal plants are put into strong consideration.
... Decreased efficiency and steadily increasing bacterial resistance of pathogens to existing antibiotics is a serious problem which has necessitated the development of new alternatives and continuing research into new classes of antimicrobial agents that can destroy these resistant microorganisms without any side effect and at a lower cost. (Essawi and Srour, 2000;Woodford, 2003;Iroha et al., 2007). Resistance to antibiotics by some bacteria that invade wound causing wound sepsis, injury to the tissue and interference with the normal func-*Corresponding author: E-mail: papajyde2000@yahoo.com. ...
Ethanolic extracts of Nymphaea lotus leaves were tested for antimicrobial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes), and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) isolated from wounds by the disc diffusion method (DDM). The result of the phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of bio-active compounds such as tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, cardiac glycosides and phenolics. The results also showed that S. aureus, S. pyogenes and E. coli isolated were highly susceptible to N. lotus with the zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 25 mm while K. pneumoniae and P. aureginosa were moderately susceptible to this antimicrobial substance with the zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 15 mm. The antibacterial activity of the extracts against these bacteria suggests that there is a scientific basis for its utilization for the treatment of bacterial wound infections.
The antibacterial effects of silver and copper ions contained film against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimiiriimi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. The 0.2~1.0mol% concentrations of sol were prepared with different amounts of precursor. The films of silver and copper were deposited by sol gel spin and spray coating technique on glass, stainless steel, polycarbonate, ceramic tile substrates. Hard, antibacterial, and transparent organic-inorganic hybrid coatings were prepared by sol gel technique to improve the weak scratch resistance of polycarbonate substrate and get the antibacterial effect. The morphological changes in the cell wall exposed to silver and copper ions were observed by scanning electron microscope. The surfaces coated 0.2mol% of silver and copper ions were shown the 99.9% of antibacterial effect. According to these results, the film contained silver and copper ions can be used across a wide variety of applications such as transparent display glasses, housewares and medical devices.
The high rate of hospital acquired infections caused by pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic infection is currently a serious global health problem. The problem is not only with the diseases caused by this organism but with the rate at which this organism develops resistance to some vital antimicrobial agents. This increase in resistance of P. aeruginosa in recent times underscores the need to search for an alternative antimicrobial agent. This study was therefore, designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of colloidal silver concentrate against some strains of pathogenic P. aeruginosa isolated from post operation eye wound infection, using agar- well diffusion, broth dilution and the killing rate kinetics methods. The results showed that colloidal silver concentrate have an antibacterial activity against pathogenic P. aeruginosa and the killing rate kinetics studies reveal that the test organisms were completely killed within 90 min. Further exploitation of colloidal silver for the treatment of multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa infections is hereby suggested.
Background:
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are bacteria responsible for several difficult-to-treat infections in humans. These strains have developed, through the process of natural selection. Infections by MRSA are more difficult to treat with standard types of antibiotics and thus more dangerous to human health.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bactericidal and antibiotic synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) against MRSA.
Materials and methods:
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were isolated from clinical samples and identified, and their susceptibility was tested using the MicroScan® WalkAway-96® SI System. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by a microdilution method. Time kill assay was performed by exposing the MRSA isolates to different concentrations of Ag-NPs and monitoring bacterial growth, by measuring optical density at 600 nm. Tissue culture plate was used for determination of the efficacy of Ag-NPs and their combination with antibiotics in the elimination of formed biofilm.
Results:
The MIC value of Ag-NPs against MRSA was 100 μg/mL. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus cells were treated with 50, 100 and 200 µg/mL of Ag-NPs and inhibited bacterial growth so that after four hours, almost all treated MRSA cells were dead. All combinations showed effectiveness against MRSA. It was observed that MRSA did not show inhibition zones with ampicillin alone.
Conclusions:
Silver Nanoparticles have high therapeutic activity against MRSA, thus can be suggested as an alternative or adjuvant with antibiotics for MRSA treatment. Further studies are required to understand the synergistic effect of Ag-NPs combinations and to assess the safety and efficacy of new antibiotic-Ag-NPs combinations.
For membrane pretreatment of seawater reverse osmosis desalination, the degradation of the membrane performance by biofouling is a serious problem. Chitosan hydrogel membranes including silver, which are inorganic antibacterial reagents, were fabricated for the antibacterial activity enhancement of a separation membrane. They were prepared using two methods: the immersion method and the mixture method. We investigated the effects of a membrane preparation method on membrane properties, water permeability and anti-bacterial activity. We analyzed the obtained membrane with Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR , X-ray diffractometry XRD , thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis TG-DTA. It was found that the hydrogel membrane prepared by the mixture method contained silver particles. On the other hand, the hydrogel membrane prepared using the immersion method contained silver in ion form. The water content of the membrane decreased with increase of the silver content, and the water flux increased with increase of the water content. In addition, we evaluated antibacterial activity of the hydrogel membrane by the conductance method. The chitosan/silver hydrogel membranes showed a distinctive inhibitory effect for growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The chitosan/silver hydrogel membranes prepared using to immersion method showed strong antibacterial activity compared with that prepared by the mixture method.
Titania dioxide (TiO(2)) photocatalyst is primarily induced by ultraviolet light irradiation. Visible-light responsive anion-doped TiO(2) photocatalysts contain higher quantum efficiency under sunlight and can be used safely in indoor settings without exposing to biohazardous ultraviolet light. The antibacterial efficiency, however, remains to be further improved.
Using thermal reduction method, here we synthesized silver-nanostructures coated TiO(2) thin films that contain a high visible-light responsive antibacterial property. Among our tested titania substrates including TiO(2), carbon-doped TiO(2) [TiO(2) (C)] and nitrogen-doped TiO(2) [TiO(2) (N)], TiO(2) (N) showed the best performance after silver coating. The synergistic antibacterial effect results approximately 5 log reductions of surviving bacteria of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. Scanning electron microscope analysis indicated that crystalline silver formed unique wire-like nanostructures on TiO(2) (N) substrates, while formed relatively straight and thicker rod-shaped precipitates on the other two titania materials.
Our results suggested that proper forms of silver on various titania materials could further influence the bactericidal property.
The onset of argyria following the use of dietary supplements containing colloidal silver protein is presented. The patient was using a silver-containing product for cold and allergy prophylaxis. We review the past and present medicinal roles of silver and include a differential diagnosis for argyria. The hyperpigmentation of argyria is usually permanent, and it follows a sun-exposed distribution. This case report highlights the potential for toxicity following the use of dietary supplements and demonstrates the importance of physician inquiry regarding alternative medicines. Finally, we examine the limited role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in regulating alternative medicines marketed as dietary supplements.
The Bactericidal Action of colloids of silver and mercury Brit Use of colloids in Health and Disease
- Marshall Cr
- Killoh
25: 18-24. Marshall CR, Killoh GB (1915). The Bactericidal Action of colloids of silver and mercury Brit. Med. J. 1: 102-3 Cooks H (1939). Use of colloids in Health and Disease. Brit. Med. J