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The Efficacy and Tolerability of Electrolyzed Oxidized Water in Treating Mild to Moderate Acne

Authors:
Alpesh Desai
Alpesh Desai
Alpesh Desai
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Cynthia J. Tam
Cynthia J. Tam
Cynthia J. Tam
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Kinnari Bhakta
Kinnari Bhakta
Kinnari Bhakta
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Tajas Desai
Tajas Desai
Tajas Desai
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and the tolerability of the Charme™ system, a hand-held device that electrolyzes a water-based sodium chloride solution and delivers electrolyzed oxidized water (EOW) to the skin, in the treatment of mild to moderate acne. A total of 31 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris were enrolled in this 8-week, open-label, split-face pilot study. Acne lesion counts and physician global assessments were taken at each visit, as well as patient satisfaction and global assessments and high-resolution digital photographs. Statistical analysis of the results for treatment versus baseline scores was performed using a Hotelling T test and repeated - measures analysis of variance. Values of .04 or less were considered statistically significant. A total of 25 patients (mean age, 24.7 years, ranging from 15 to 47.years) completed the study. The mean reduction in total acne lesion counts from baseline to the end of treatment was 40.9 for the EOW - treated side (right side) and 18 for the untreated side (Heft side) (P=.04). Investigators observed a significant mean reduction in inflammatory lesions, both papules and pustules (P
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Figure 2. Patient is a 28-year old Caucasian female with long-standing inflammatory
acne refractory to oral and topical antibiotics, topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide.
2A. Before treatment, numerous inflammatory acne lesions are noted.
2B. After 8 weeks of treatment with CHARME twice daily, significant improvement is
noted with minimal irritation. 2C. Same patient at baseline without treatment on left side
of face (control). 2D. Control at 8 weeks. No improvement observed in acne lesion
counts.
... The advantages of using StAEW as wound dressing include its faster healing efficacy than Alc and Sal. Moreover, because acidic water has been generally recognized as a safe compound as shown in the biocompatibility studies [13,14], including toxicity and mutagenicty study in wound healing [35] and even on the application on the skin [37], the use of this agent in wound care can be more advantageous and better alternative to harsh chemical disinfectants. In addition, StAEW is also well-known for its cost-effectiveness due to its economical set-up generation using salt and tap water. ...
Effects of Strong Acidic Electrolyzed Water in Wound Healing via Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Response
Article
Full-text available
Strong acidic electrolyzed water (StAEW) is known to inactivate microorganisms but is not fully explored in the medical field. This study is aimed at exploring StAEW as a potential wound care agent and its mechanism. StAEW (pH: 2.65, ORP: 1159 mV, ACC: 32.1 ppm) was sprayed three times a day to the cutaneous wounds of hairless mice for seven days. Wound morphological and histological features and immune-redox markers were compared with saline- (Sal-) and alcohol- (Alc-) treated groups. Results showed that the StAEW group showed a significantly higher wound healing percentage than the Sal group on days 2, 4, 5, and 6 and the Alc group on day 4. The StAEW group also showed earlier mediation on proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-1β, and keratinocyte chemoattractant. In addition, basic fibroblast growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor were found to be significantly changed in favor of the fibroblast synthesis and angiogenesis. In line, the StAEW group showed a controlled amount of ROS and significantly decreased compared to the Alc group. The StAEW group also favored oxidative stress balance through antioxidant responses. Additionally, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 9 and MMP1 were also modulated for keratinocyte and cell migration. Taken together, this study has proven the wound healing effect of StAEW and its earlier mediation through oxidative and inflammatory responses.
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... ECAS a have been trialled as a preventative therapeutic solution for postoperative infection [122] and reductions in the rates of infection (including those attributable to MRSA) have been observed [123]. ECAS a have also shown potential for use in disinfecting the ocular surface [105] and the treatment of inflammatory acne lesions [124], providing further evidence of their anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, ECAS a have shown promise in providing effective infection control with minimal damage to the regenerating host tissue. ...
Electrochemically activated solutions: Evidence for antimicrobial efficacy and applications in healthcare environments
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2011
  • EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL
Due to the limitations associated with the use of existing biocidal agents, there is a need to explore new methods of disinfection to help maintain effective bioburden control, especially within the healthcare environment. The transformation of low mineral salt solutions into an activated metastable state, by electrochemical unipolar action, produces a solution containing a variety of oxidants, including hypochlorous acid, free chlorine and free radicals, known to possess antimicrobial properties. Electrochemically activated solutions (ECAS) have been shown to have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, and have the potential to be widely adopted within the healthcare environment due to low-cost raw material requirements and ease of production (either remotely or in situ). Numerous studies have found ECAS to be highly efficacious, as both a novel environmental decontaminant and a topical treatment agent (with low accompanying toxicity), but they are still not in widespread use, particularly within the healthcare environment. This review provides an overview of the scientific evidence for the mode of action, antimicrobial spectrum and potential healthcare-related applications of ECAS, providing an insight into these novel yet seldom utilised biocides.
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Roles of hydroxyl radicals in electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) for the inactivation of Escherichia coli
Article
  • Jan 2012
The food industry has recognized electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) as a promising alternative decontamination technique. However, there is not a consensus about the sanitizing mechanism of EOW. In this study, we evaluated the disinfection efficacy of different types of EOW on Escherichia coli. Based on the hypothesis of hydroxyl radicals existing in EOW, in the present study, the hydroxyl radicals existed in slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and acidic electrolyzed water (AEW) diluted to different levels were detected quantitatively. An ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer was used to scan EOW with different pH values. Accounting for the results of UV scanning to EOW with different pH value and the disinfection efficacy of different types of EOW, it can be concluded that considering the lower chlorine concentration of EOW compared with traditional chlorine disinfectants, the existing form of chlorine compounds rather than the hydroxyl radicals played important role in the disinfection efficacy of EOW.
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The production of inflammatory compounds by Prepionibacterium acnes and other skin organism
Article
  • Sep 1987
Culture supernatants from four species of skin microorganisms (P. acnes, P. avidum, P. granulosum and S. epidermidis) were assayed for smooth muscle contracting substances which are indicative of inflammatory activity. At least three types of smooth muscle contracting substances were detected. These were: first, a substance active on a rat fundic strip preparation and antagonized by N, N-DMT. Activity was enhanced when cultures were grown in the presence of tryptophan. This substance was probably tryptamine. Second, a substance active on a guinea-pig ileum preparation and antagonized by mepyramine. Activity was enhanced when cultures were grown in the presence of histidine. This substance was probably histamine. Third, a substance active on a rat fundic strip preparation but not antagonized by N, N-DMT, epyramine, atropine or indomethacin. Activity was enhanced when cultures were grown in the presence of glucose. This activity was probably due to acetate, propionate or other short-chain fatty-acid salts. Chromatographic analysis confirmed the presence of histamine, tryptamine and short-chain fatty acids in the culture supernatants. These substances if produced in vivo may cause or contribute to inflammation and pain directly without the prior mediation of the immune system. Cell extracts of Propionibacterium species were analysed by bioassay for the presence of prostaglandin-like compounds. These could not be detected in any of the eight strains of organisms tested.
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Comparative studies of the ultrastructure of the sebaceous gland
Article
  • Feb 1985
  • TISSUE CELL
Three-dimensional reconstructions and ultrastructural evidence on the sebaceous glands of man and domestic animals indicate that sebum is produced from a column of developing and degenerating cell populations derived from peripheral progenitor cells at the base of the lobe in a manner analogous to hair growth. The remainder of the peripheral cells apparently have no direct involvement with sebocyte production; those towards the neck of the gland contribute keratin to the secretory product.
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Treatment of Infectious Skin Defects or Ulcers with Electrolyzed Strong Acid Aqueous Solution
Article
  • Feb 1997
A chronic ulcer with an infection such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is hard to heal. Plastic and reconstructive surgeons often encounter such chronic ulcers that are resistant to surgical or various conservative treatments. We applied conservative treatment using an electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution and obtained satisfactory results. The lesion was washed with the solution or soaked in a bowl of the solution for approximately 20 min twice a day. Fresh electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution is unstable and should be stored in a cool, dark site in a sealed bottle. It should be used within a week after it has been produced. Here we report on 15 cases of infectious ulcers that were treated by electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution. Of these cases, 7 patients were healed, 3 were granulated, and in 5, infection subsided. In most cases the lesion became less reddish and less edematous. Discharge or foul odor from the lesion was decreased. Electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution was especially effective for treating a chronic refractory ulcer combined with diabetes melitus or peripheral circulatory insufficiency. This clinically applied therapy of electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution was found to be effective so that this new therapeutic technique for ulcer treatment can now be conveniently utilized.
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Trial of Electrolyzed Strong Acid Aqueous Solution Lavage in the Treatment of Peritonitis and Intraperitoneal Abscess
Article
  • Feb 1997
Electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution is acidic water that contains active oxygen and active chlorine and possesses a redox potential. We performed peritoneal and abscess lavages with an electrolyzed strong acid aqueous solution to treat 7 patients with peritonitis and intraperitoneal abscesses, who were seen in our department between December 1994 and April 1995. The underlying disease was duodenal ulcer perforation in 4 of these 7 patients and gastric ulcer perforation, acute enteritis, and intraperitoneal perforation of pyometrium in 1 patient each. Irrigation was performed twice a day. Microbiological studies of the paracentesis fluid were negative in 3 cases, and the irrigation period was 2-4 days. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated in 3 of the 4 positive cases (Bacteroides in 2, Prevotella in 1), and a fungus (Candida) was isolated in the remaining patient. The period of irrigation in these patients ranged from 9 to 12 days, but conversion to a microorganism negative state was observed in 3-7 days.
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Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: A severe adverse reaction to minocycline
Article
  • Mar 1997
  • J AM ACAD DERMATOL
A 17-year-old female patient who had been taking oral minocycline (50 mg twice daily) for 3 weeks for acne developed an eruption that progressed to an exfoliative dermatitis. This illness was also characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, pharyngitis, a leukemoid reaction, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, hepatitis, and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Dramatic improvement followed institution of corticosteroid therapy. Studies for infectious and collagen vascular diseases were negative. This severe illness was likely caused by minocycline, and we speculate that minocycline may have acted as a superantigen, causing lymphocyte over-activation and massive cytokine release.
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How Safe Is Oral Isotretinoin?
Article
  • Feb 1997
Since oral isotretinoin (Roaccutane/Accutane) is the only therapy to address all major acne causes, it remains the most effective antiacne therapy available. Due to this unique efficacy and its potential side effects that are predictable and can be managed easily and effectively, it is widely used also in acne patients suffering from serious systemic diseases. As the primary mechanism of action of oral isotretinoin is suppression of sebaceous gland activity, mucocutaneous side effects such as dry lips, nasal passages and eyes are predictable. Pretreatment counseling and concomitant use of moisturizing agents usually manage these side effects effectively; in unusual cases of particularly poor tolerability, dose adjustments suffice. Severe side effects are rare, the most common being aches and pains requiring no therapy, aspirin or paracetamol. As with other retinoids, reliable contraception is mandatory for women of childbearing potential. Acne patients with serious concomitant systemic disease, such as insulin-dependent diabetes, epilepsy or spina bifida, transplant patients, patients with renal failure, multiple sclerosis motor neuron disease and other can also safe be treated with a standard cumulative dose of 120 mg/kg per treatment course.
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