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AN ASSESSMENT OF ENERGY OPTIONS FOR A REMOTE FIRST NATION COMMUNITY
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Development of renewable energy systems for remote communities is gaining interest among government, utilities, NGOs and the communities themselves as a means of improving lifestyles of community members and showcasing renewable energy systems. The Huu-ay-aht First Nation, whose traditional territory is located on the west side of Vancouver Island in British Columbia, is a community which has energy related problems and energy related opportunities. The objective of this study is to assess possible energy options for the Huu-ay-aht First Nation traditional territory. Current and future energy services within the territory were used as the starting point for developing energy system options. Extensive consultation with community members was instrumental in clearly defining the objectives of the study and understanding the territory's energy demand. The energy demand assessment included an estimation of the electric, heating and transportation loads in the community, an assessment of efficiency and demand side management (DSM) options, and an estimation of potential future demand scenarios. Energy resources were assessed, with viable ones retained for consideration in potential energy system options. The information from the community consultations, demand estimates and resource assessments are being used in the development and analysis of energy system options to support the Huu-ay-aht's energy needs and community goals.
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... RETScreen4 is a software program developed by Natural Resources Organization of Canada [24] which is commercially available for analyzing and testing the feasibility of clean energy projects including renewable energy systems like wind, hydropower, photovoltaic, biomass heating systems, solar energy, air heating, solar hot water, geothermal heat pumps, and co-production of heat and power. At present, RETScreen4 is used by 35,000 people in more than 196 countries all over the world [25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. ...
Nowadays, renewable energies are more preferable to fossil fuels because of being free, widely available and producing minimal pollution. One of the disadvantages of renewable energy systems is that using only one type of renewable energy cannot guarantee a continuous power generation. To overcome this problem, two or more renewable energy systems should be used simultaneously to compensate for times when one of them is not available or the renewable system should be used aligned with the generator. In addition, another weakness is that they are not accessible in every geographical position and location. It is clear that renewable energy systems can be exploited to their fullest capacity when used in the proper place. Therefore, given the importance of finding suitable places for co-utilization of several renewable energies, present paper attempted to find the ideal locations for construction of hybrid solar-wind power stations in Middle-East using Boolean model in GIS software. The Boolean method is, in a way, a more stringent method compared to the other positioning methods. Therefore, the selected locations will definitely have greater energy potential by using the Boolean method. Data obtained by RETScreen4 software from 400 stations in Middle-East were used for collecting monthly weather information. Results of the current paper may be helpful in creating prospects for sustainable energy development for systems based on natural resources and facilitating the national power transmission and sustainable environmental policies.
... RETScreen is a software program developed by Natural Resource Canada [16] and available for public use for feasibility analysis of clean energy projects, including energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy systems, such as wind energy, small hydro, photovoltaic, biomass heating, solar air heating, solar water heating, passive solar heating, ground-source heat pump, and combined heat and power projects. The RETScreen is now being used by more than 35,000 people in over 196 countries around the globe, as reported in the [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. ...
... The energy yield was obtained using two different approaches viz., wind power curve of the wind machine along with the wind frequency distribution and the RETScreen software [12]. The RETScreen is a tool for analyzing the technical and financial viability of potential renewable energy projects is now being used by more than 35,000 people in over 196 countries around the globe, as reported in the literature [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The software requires the wind turbine power curve, the annual average wind speed; the rotor swept area, the mean temperature and pressure, hub height, etc. ...
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier's archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / r s e r a b s t r a c t This paper presents long-term analysis of wind speed data in terms of annual, seasonal and diurnal variations at Tindouf, which is situated on the south west region of Algeria. The wind speed data was collected over a period of 08 years between 1976 and 1984. The study showed that the long-term sea-sonal wind speeds were found to be relatively higher during September compared to other months. The diurnal change in long-term mean wind speed indicated that higher electricity could be produced dur-ing 09:00–18:00 h, which also coincides with higher electricity demand period. The annual wind energy production and capacity factor, obtained using wind speed frequency distribution and wind power curve of 1000 kW wind turbine and RETScreen software were found comparable with each other if unadjusted energy production values calculated by the software were used rather than the renewable energy deliv-ered. Development of wind farm of 30 MW installed capacity at this site could result into avoidance of 23,252 tonnes/year of CO 2 equivalents GHG from entering into the local atmosphere thus creating a clean and healthy atmosphere for local inhabitants.
... The energy yield from a hypothetical wind farm of 30 MW installed capacity is calculated by RETScreen software using the annual average wind speed at hub height and the energy production curve of the wind turbine. The RETScreen software, a tool for analyzing the technical and financial viability of potential Renewable Energy projects is now being used by more than 35,000 people in over 196 countries around the globe, as reported in the literature [4,303132333435. The estimation of wind energy is obtained by The gross energy production and wind energy delivered using wind turbines of rated power of 600, 1000 and 2000 kW are shown inFig. ...
This study utilized wind speed data over a period of almost 10 years between 1977 and 1988 from three stations, namely Adrar, Timimoun and Tindouf in order to assess the energy output for a 30 MW installed capacity wind farm at each site in Algeria, in terms of gross energy, renewable energy delivered, specific yield and wind farm capacity factor. The energy output analysis is done using three WECSs of rated capacity 600, 1000 and 2000 kW. The RETScreen model is used to perform the economical feasibility study of the wind farms at these locations. The study concludes that the wind farm consisting of 30 wind turbines of 1 MW rated power each is more feasible for all sites than using other WECSs. Finally wind park development at Adrar will avoid 45111 tons of greenhouse gases each year and about 1127775 of tons of GHG over the life time of the wind power plant. Similarly, at Timimoun and Tindouf a total of 900925 and 639475tons of GHG could be avoided from entering into the local atmosphere of these stations.
Wind energy has come to stay as an important and a viable alternative source of energy. For securing maximum output of power using a given type of wind electric generator, an assessment of the wind resource available at any prospective site is essential. Wind data generated by meteorological services have their limitations; for accurate analysis, dedicated wind monitoring systems will have to be installed and their data made use of. Data from 220 such wind monitoring stations in India have been collected and analyzed and the salient features of the wind resource discussed. A mean annual wind speed (at 20 m above ground) of 18 kmph is considered as the minimum required for economic generation of electricity. With this criterion, only about half the area of the country comprising the southern and western regions have been found to possess adequate resources. The bulk of this wind resource is derived from the energy of the great southwest, monsoon system which blows over peninsular India from June to September. Daily and monthly variations in wind speed at typical locations are presented to bring out the highly seasonal behaviour of the wind resource. The significance of wind power density as an important parameter to judge the wind resource is brought out. The capacity factor which is the ratio of the actual power output to the rated output of a typical 250 kW machine has been worked out using the frequency distributions of hourly wind speeds at 8Q stations and the results presented.
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