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Parental Involvement in Youth Sports: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
... Parents acting out of line -based on a child's perspective -are affecting one's sports experience. They can lose sight of their child's reason to participate in sports and can -either consciously or unconsciously -put pressure on their child's sports performance [59]. Too much pressure decreases the child's motivation and enjoyment to participate in sports [60]. ...
A positive, caring and safe sports climate is essential for the healthy development
of young people. One of the responsibilities of parties involved in organised sports
is to create a safe sports climate, but in practice, difficulties in creating such a
climate are still experienced nowadays. Implementing prevention programmes
solely focused on coaches or the environment is not a comprehensive approach.
Therefore, the biopsychosocial profile of athletes representing potential risks
of experiencing sexual violence in sports can serve as a base to develop prevention
programmes aimed at empowering athletes and stimulating their resistance
towards sexual violence. In practice, this requires measures to make (young)
athletes more resilient against the dominant position of coaches and other authority figures within sports. But how? To answer this question, the psychology of resilience will be reviewed to gain insights into the future development of these
practical measures to safeguard athletes.
... These individuals believe that they may not be able to control threats and experience a higher anxiety-provoking stimulus, looking upon many aspects of their environment with anger. This finding supports previous research that indicates parents yell most at their own child, reporting moderately frequent angry interactions during youth sport events [29,42]. Moreover, coaches had significantly higher levels of general assertiveness performance. ...
Background:
Youth sport provides regular physical activity for millions of children. It is a global system, which includes coaches, referees, athletes, and parent spectators; consequently, the behavior of each member can influence the experiences of others. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-efficacy and assertiveness in the relationship between the degree of anger expression and the performance children's score in a group of parents and coaches.
Methods:
200 parents (96 fathers, 104 mothers) and 200 coaches (119 males, 81 females) responded to the General Self-efficacy Scale, The Scale for Interpersonal Behavior, and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2; an indicator of performance was asked of each coach. The age range of parents was 28-59 years (M = 41.39, SD = 7.07), while that of coaches was 27-43 years (M = 35.91, SD = 3.35).
Results:
Results revealed that self-efficacy and assertiveness were the direct and indirect predictors of performance score.
Conclusions:
The study provided an understanding of the nature and magnitude of this profoundly interpersonal experience. Future studies may advance relevant education programs and effective interventions aimed at reducing angry expressions and lack of communication.
... Donnelly (1997) has likened sport schools to factories in which children "work" long hours for the primary benefit-often economic benefit-of adults. The pursuit of commercial success through professionalism is clearly at odds with the developmental needs and rights of the child (Barth et al., 2003;Cumming & Ewing, 2002). Donnelly (1997) and others (Center for Sport and Human Rights, 2022) have argued that when children's participation in sport involves "economic exploitation and . . . ...
... Although attitudes are changing as a result of increased success and visibility of Botswana athletes in global sports such as track and field, the society largely perceives sport an activity to engage in for leisure or recreational purposes, and less for its material and other benefits. A substantial degree of parental involvement in sport is perceived by the child as a sign of their interest and encouragement (Cumming & Ewing, 2002) and is important for the promotion of the athlete's basic psychological needs (Charbonneau & Camiré, 2020). The above stated factors about youth sport make research on tenets of the SDT in a Botswana youth sport context interesting. ...
This study examined whether data from an elite African youth sport context support the tenets of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and if the youths' achievement goals were associated with their self-determined motivation. Eighty-two male (n =37) and female (n = 45) national athletes from Botswana aged 13-18 years old (M = 16.46, SD = 1.40) who participated in the African Youth Games completed the revised Sport Motivation Scale (SMS-II) and the Perception of Success Questionnaire. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the SMS-II showed that data from Botswana support the relative autonomy continuum postulated by the SDT. A multiple regression analysis showed task-orientation to be a significant ( = .25, p = .04) predictor of relative autonomy, while ego-orientation was not. The study offers support to existing findings on the relationship between SDT and achievement goal orientations and presents a valuable perspective from a less studied sport context. Enhancing task-orientation in competitive youth sport may be a pathway to the development of self-determined motivation.
... Because parents are the main socializers influencing children's sport involvement, positive parental support can greatly impact a child's motivation in, and enthusiasm for, the sport they play (Hedstrom & Gould, 2004). When parents are involved in their children's activities in a positive way, the family unit is usually strengthened by spending time together, communicating, and laughing (Cumming & Ewing, 2002). The three themes that emerged in regards to positive experiences during youth sports were: 1) parent presence, 2) parent support and praise, and 3) parent encouragement. ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of former youth sport athletes and their recalled experiences with their parents (mothers and fathers) during the time they were participating in youth sports. Participants included 270 college students from 12 states who participated in youth sports in various sized cities and communities. Participants completed a 14 item survey with an additional 28 questions from the Parental Involvement in Sport Questionnaire (PISQ). This paper presents results from the open-ended questions on the positive and negative experiences the participants recalled with their parents during their youth sport years and PISQ results.
... Bu durum ise sporcu ve antrenörleri rahatsız edebilmektedir. 33 Yukarıdaki tüm açıklamalar doğrultusunda, antrenör ve aile arasındaki ilişki kalitesinin spor bilimlerinde önemli bir konu olduğu ve bu konuya yönelik olarak yapılacak araştırmaların gerekli olduğu söylenebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, "Antrenörlerin sporcunun ailesine yönelik metaforik algıları nasıldır?" ...
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this research was to determine coaches’ perception regarding athlete's parents via metaphor. Material and Methods: 89 men and 40 women as a total of 129 coaches voluntarily participated to this research. The data was obtained by a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. In this questionnaire, in addition to the demographic questions, coaches were asked to complete the sentence “athlete's parent is…because…” to determine their perceptions regarding athlete's parents. The analysis and interpretation were carried out by the following steps respectively: Determination of metaphors, classification of metaphors, category development, providing validity and reliability and analysing the data. Results: A total of 100 different metaphors were obtained. The most used metaphors were “soil (5), sports fan (5), farmer (5), tribune (4), coach (4) and plane tree (3)". Also the metaphors with negative meanings such as tick, insect, sultan, control officer, ramp, customer etc. were also used. Categorizing the metaphors according to their meanings revealed 13 categories; Supportive, guiding/directing, negative, being basic structure, being a part of the team, being instructional/developer, reassuring, being positive or negative, being enduring, making effort, knowing the athlete, role model and other. Conclusion: Overall, the results showed that coaches positively perceive athlete's parents however coaches’ negative perceptions for athlete's parents regarding various issues were also determined.
... Research reveals that -The moderate level of involvement would be the optimum level of parental involvement‖ Wuerth, Lee, M. J., & Alfermann 2004). It has also been revealed in different studies that there exists deep relationship between parental involvement and the child's level of enjoyment and his/her sustained involvement in play (Cumming & Ewing, 2002). Parental guidance is also vital in all matters and in all the activities particularly to which the child is confronted to for the first time. ...
This paper reviews the current literature examining the value and worth of the parental involvement in the overall development as well as scholastic performance of a child. Play and life are indispensable, where there is life, there is play. Different studies have proved the role of play in the mental, physical, and socio-emotional development and its linkage with academic performance of the child. This study examines the different factors associated with participation in and outcomes of the child's participation in playing. Parental attitude and its influence upon the child's involvement in play, socio-emotional, physical, mental
This study investigates the factors inhibiting sports participation among students at Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. The importance of sports in fostering physical, social, and psychological well-being among students is well-documented. Despite the availability of various sports facilities and opportunities, a significant portion of the student body remains disengaged from active participation in sports. The research utilized a descriptive survey design, sampling 200 students from four faculties: Law, Education, Agricultural Science, and Science. Data was collected using a self-constructed questionnaire validated by experts. The findings reveal that 62% of the students cited inadequate facilities as a major barrier, 55% indicated parental influence as a deterrent, 47% reported low motivation, 39% expressed fear of poor academic performance, and 33% highlighted the fear of sports injuries. Statistical analysis using chi-square tests showed a significant association between these factors and sports participation (p < 0.05). The study concludes that addressing these barriers is crucial for enhancing sports engagement and its associated benefits among university students. Recommendations include improving sports infrastructure, fostering positive parental attitudes towards sports, and implementing programs to boost student motivation and mitigate injury fears.
The fact that there are some parallels between the ways and motivations of individuals to start sports and the reasons for early drop-out constitutes the attraction of the studies on this subject. Here, the family, which is a stakeholder in the sports triangle, also has a large share. As a matter of fact, family comes before school and other environmental factors in preparing a person for life in every sense. The field of sports is also seriously affected by the concept of family, just like other social fields. In this book chapter, parental coaching and family involvement in sports will be mentioned and some suggestions will be made.
Bireylerin spora başlama şekilleri ve motivasyonlarıyla spordan erken ayrılma sebeplerinin arasında birtakım paralelliklerin olması bu konu üzerine yapılan çalışmaların cazibesini oluşturmaktadır. Burada spor üçgeninin bir paydaşı olan aileye de oldukça büyük bir pay düşmektedir. Nitekim aile her anlamda kişinin hayata hazırlanmasında okuldan ve çevresel diğer faktörlerden önce gelmektedir. Spor alanı da tıpkı diğer sosyal alanlarda olduğu gibi aile kavramından ciddi şekilde etkilenmektedir. Bu kitap bölümünde sporcu ebeveynliğinden ve spora aile dâhiliyetinden bahsedilerek bazı önerilerde bulunulacaktır.
Most explanations of burnout among young athletes identify chronic, excessive stress as the cause. Strategies for preventing burnout emphasize techniques that help athletes control stress and adjust to the conditions of sport participation. However, informal interviews with 15 adolescent athletes identified as cases of burnout suggest that the roots of burnout are grounded in the social organization of high performance sport; these roots are tied to identity and control issues. The model developed in this paper conceptualizes burnout as a social problem grounded in forms of social organization that constrain identity development during adolescence and prevent young athletes from having meaningful control over their lives. This model is intended as an alternative to more widely used stress-based models of burnout. Recommendations for preventing burnout call for changes in the social organization of high performance sport, changes in the way sport experiences are integrated into the lives of young athletes,...
Most explanations of burnout among young athletes identify chronic, exces-sive stress as the cause. Strategies for preventing burnout emphasize tech-niques that help athletes control stress and adjust to the conditions of sport participation. However, informal interviews with 15 adolescent athletes iden-tified as cases of burnout suggest that the roots of burnout are grounded in the social organization of high performance sport; these roots are tied to identity and control issues. The model developed in this paper conceptualizes burnout as a social problem grounded in forms of social organization that constrain identity development during adolescence and prevent young athletes from having meaningful control over their lives. This model is intended as an alternative to more widely used stress-based models of burnout. Recom-mendations for preventing burnout call for changes in the social organization of high performance sport, changes in the way sport experiences are integrated into the lives of young athletes, and changes in the structure and dynamics of .relationships between athletes and their significant others. This presentation is partially grounded in my experiences with undergradu-ates and with people outside the university, often in sport organizations. Over the past 15 years I have found it increasingly difficult to get these people to use the "sociological imagination" (Mills, 1959). Their analyses of behavior, events, and issues are firmly framed in psychological terms; their recommendations for change are based almost exclusively on a "personal troubles" approach. In other words, their analyses of behavior focus on the character of individuals, and change is seen as the outcome of altering individual character and the immediate social relationships believed to shape it. Although this approach is sometimes used to argue that no one can truly help anyone else, it usually leads to the conclusion that there is a need for more control over the lives of people who experience problems. This control, it is believed, will create new forms of adjustment as well as character changes that
This article attempts to demonstrate that the family is a key player in the athlete's development and performance, sometimes invisible, but often all too visible. The practice of clinical sport psychology is enriched by a family-based orientation to the assessment and treatment of athletes. Creating a workable family system is a challenge for parents. They have many difficult decisions to make, and are often without support and direction in making those choices. Sport psychiatrists and psychologists can be helpful to parents as well as athletes by using family-based assessments and treatment interventions that provide education, challenge, and support as they negotiate the tasks and transitions in the family life cycle.
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