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Surfactant Titration of Kaolin Slurries using ζ-Potential Probe
Abstract
The electroacoustic sensor probe contains a piezoelectric transducer with a critical frequency of 3-MHz and a sensing electrode which is placed on the surface of the transducer. This electrode is separated from the external reference electrode with a non-conducting rigid ceramic insert. Internal electric impedance between these electrodes can be selected depending on the conductivity range of the samples by means of an internal transformer. The transformer is selected such that the input impedance is significantly less than the external impedance of the sample such that the resultant signal is proportional to the short circuit current. This transformer is located just behind the central electrode in order to minimize the stray capacitance.
The chapter discusses the important applications that are based on unique features offered by ultrasound instruments. This chapter is dedicated to dispersions. The chapter describes the characterization of dispersion stability and aggregation state using a combination of acoustics and electroacoustics. The next important application is dispersions with several dispersed phases—mixtures. Ultrasound makes possible characterization of possible interaction among particles of different phases. This discussion also includes ceramics—a very important field for these methods. The chapter describes the application of these instruments for controlling milling, dissolution, and precipitation. Determining the stability of dispersions is one of the central problems in colloid science. Accurate and nondestructive stability characterization is the key to the successful formulation and use of many colloids. Eliminating the dilution protocol is one advantage. Another important advantage is the ability to distinguish between aggregation and flocculation. Electroacoustics provides a means to determine the isoelectric point (IEP) and the stability range of concentrated colloids. Acoustics allows to distinguish between aggregation and flocculation. In the case of aggregation, acoustic attenuation measurements yield information about variations in particle size.
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