Article

Planting Guide for Hybrid Poplar (Populus simonii) in Kulun Qi, Inner Mongolia

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The Shanghai Roots & Shoots office of the Jane Goodall Institute is undertaking to plant 1 million seedlings near the city of Kulun in Inner Mongolia. A primary need of this effort is a planting guide specifically aimed at the harsh conditions faced by local farmers in trying to afforest large portions of the local desert. This paper outlines the key practices to be followed to attain successful afforesta- tion in the area.

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February 2017 · The Plant Journal

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December 2014 · The Southwestern Naturalist

We investigated the effects of soil temperature and depth to ground water on first-year growth of a facultative floodplain phreatophyte, Glycyrrhiza lepidota, in a 2-x-2 factorial greenhouse experiment. We grew plants in mesocosms subirrigated with water low in dissolved oxygen, mimicking natural systems, and set depth of ground water at 63 or 100 cm and soil temperature at cold (ambient) or warm ... [Show full abstract] (≤2.7°C above ambient). We hypothesized the moister (63 cm) and warmer soil would be most favorable and predicted faster growth of shoots and roots and greater nitrogen-fixation (thus, less uptake of mineral nitrogen) under those conditions. Growth in height was significantly faster in the moister treatment but was not affected by soil temperature. Final biomass of shoots and of roots, total biomass of plants, and root:shoot ratio indicated a significant effect only from depth of ground water. Final levels of soil mineral-nitrogen were as predicted, with level of nitrate in the moister treatment more than twice that in the drier treatment. No effect from soil temperature on level of soil-mineral nitrogen was detected. Our results suggest that establishment of G. lepidota requires strict conditions of soil moisture, which may explain the patchy distribution of the species along southwestern dryland rivers.

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Responses of Populus tremuloides seedlings to solution pH and calcium

February 2001 · Journal of Plant Nutrition

Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) seedlings were grown in solution culture to investigate their response to a range of solution pH (3.3, 3.5, 3.7, 3.9, and 5.0) at two levels of solution Ca (25 and 250 μM). Both shoots and roots showed visible abnormalities at lower levels of solution pH and Ca. Growth increased significantly with increasing solution pH at both levels of solution Ca. ... [Show full abstract] Regardless of solution pH, seedlings were larger at 250 μM Ca than at 25 μM Ca. The results suggest that high solution Ca ameliorated the adverse effects of low pH on growth. Concentrations of leaf P, K, Ca, and Mg and root K, Ca, and Mg usually increased with increasing solution pH. At pH 3.9 and 5.0, concentrations of leaf P and Ca and root Ca were higher at 250 μM Ca than at 25 μM Ca. Shoot elongation was positively related to concentration of leaf P, and root elongation was positively related to concentrations of leaf P and Ca and root Ca. These results suggest that high solution Ca ameliorated the adverse effects of low pH on growth possibly by alleviating P and Ca deficiencies.

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Seed Priming with Sorghum Water Extracts and Calcium Chloride Improves the Stand Establishment and S...

December 2018 · Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences

This study investigated the potential of seed priming through sorghum water extract for improving the seedlings establishment and early seedling growth of sunflower and maize. The experiments consisted of following treatments viz., (i) control, (ii) hydropriming, (iii) seed priming with 1% sorghum water extract (SWE), (iv) seed priming with 1.5% SWE, (v) seed priming with 2% SWE, (vi) seed ... [Show full abstract] priming with 2.5% SWE (vii) seed priming with 3% SWE and (viii) seed priming with 1% (w/v) calcium chloride. Results revealed that various priming treatments on seed significantly affected the number of leaves per plant, plant height, root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight of sunflower and maize. Seed priming with 1-1.5% SWE and calcium chloride was beneficial for improvement in root/shoot dry weight in maize. In sunflower, root dry weight was the highest when seeds were primed with 2.5% SWE while seed priming with other concentrations of SWE were equally beneficial for improvement in shoot dry weight of sunflower. In crux, seed priming with calcium chloride and SWE (1 to 3%) should be opted to improve the seedling growth of maize and sunflower. The choice of seed priming osmotica can be made based on source of osmotica easily available at farmer field.

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February 2014 · Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology

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EFFECT OF BIO AND ORGANIC FERTLIZATION AS PARTIAL SUBSTITUTE FOR MINERAL FERTLIZATION ON SOME VEGETA...

March 2019

This study was conducted to observe the influence of Active dry yeast as Biofertlizer and Aminokem as organic fertilizer on the vegetative growth, nutrient status and some microbiological characters (Co 2 evolution and Dehdrogenase activity). The results of two experimental seasons 2007 and 2008 showed that combination between active dry yeast as soil application at 20g/liter and 50% from the ... [Show full abstract] recommended doses of NPK enhanced significantly the vegetative parameters of "Valencia" orange seedlings (% increasment of seedlings height, No of spring shoots and No of summer shoots ; The results also indicated that the nutritional status of the seedlings positively increased and soil microbiological activities (co 2 evolution and dehydrogease activity) by the same treatment ,therefore fertilizing "Valencia" orange seedlings with active dry yeast at 20g/liter in combination with 50% from the recommended of NPK suggested to be beneficial for obtaining an economical growth and improve the nutritional status and soil microbiological activities altogether under Sadat desert lands conditions .

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Species-specific effects of P-solubilizing and N2-fixing bacteria on seedling growth of three salt-t...

May 2016 · Russian Journal of Ecology

Coastal afforestation suffers from low survival and slow growth due to harsh conditions and lack of robust seedlings. Inoculation of P-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) or N2-fixing bacteria (NFB) are effective in promoting plant growth and thus potentially helpful for coastal afforestation. However, it remains unclear about the generality and specificity of these plant-growth-promoting-bacteria (PGPB) ... [Show full abstract] on the growth of salttolerant trees. We inoculated seedlings of two mangrove trees and one terrestrial salt-tolerant tree with pure cultures of PSB or mixed cultures of PSB and NFB. Plant biomass, height, base diameter and N and P concentrations were determined six months after bacterial inoculation. We found that inoculation of PGPB had an overall promoting effect on the seedling growth of three tree species, but the effects differed greatly (3–280% increase) among plant species and bacterial isolates or bacterial combinations. Only in the terrestrial tree, co-inoculations of PSB and NFB showed greater promoting effects than monocultures of PSB. Root: shoot ratios of seedlings were not changed by bacterial inoculation. Inoculation treatments moderately elevated N concentrations in shoots and roots and P concentrations only in roots of seedlings. Our results suggest that PGPB might have a general promoting effect on the seedling growth of salt-tolerant trees. Nevertheless, the magnitude of promoting effects and the comparative advantage of dual inoculation over single inoculation are species-specific. The generality and specificity of the plant-PGPB relationship are similar to the plantmycorrhizal symbiosis. In addition, tissue nutrient improvement might not be the main mechanism of the promoting effects by PGPB.

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Longer mesocotyl contributes to quick seedling establishment, improved root anchorage, and early vig...

November 2018 · Field Crops Research

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Effects of different agro-forestry models on seedling root system of Populus tomentosa after one yea...

January 2019 · Beijing Linye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Beijing Forestry University

[Objective] Agro-forestry is an effective way to solve the dispute between forest land and agricultural land. In order to explore the distribution of the new roots of Populus tomentosa in the forest-agricultural compound model after one year of afforestation, the spatial distribution of fine root length density (FRLD) and fine root biomass density (FRBD) under different afforestation densities ... [Show full abstract] and intercropping patterns under intercropping conditions of P. tomentosa were studied. The purpose of this study was to screen a better intercropping pattern and provide a theoretical basis for the rational allocation of species under young P. tomentosa forests. [Method] 1-year-old 'Beilin Xiongzhu No 1', a new variety of P. tomentosa was used as the experimental material. The split-plot experimental design was used, the main area was set with two common plantation space of 2 m×3 m and 3 m×4 m, two common intercropping modes were set in the sub-zone, P. tomentosa + peanut + spinach (peanut, spinach rotation), P. tomentosa + peanut, with one conventional tending of plantation as control, a total of 6 treatments, repeated 3 times. After 1 year of outplanting, three standard saplings were selected for each treatment, root samples were taken at intervals of 30 cm along the horizontal direction between rows of trees, both planting densities were taken at 150 cm, root samples were taken at intervals of 20 cm from the surface to 80 cm in the vertical direction, a total of 1 080 root samples were taken. By analyzing the FRLD and FRBD of P. tomentosa saplings, the effects of different agro-forestry patterns on the root system of P. tomentosa saplings were studied. [Result] The planting space had no significant effects on the total average fine root length density (FRLD) and fine root biomass density (FRBD) after one year of afforestation, need to continue observation later. However, different intercropping patterns had significant effects on the FRLD and FRBD of 2-year-old P. tomentosa saplings(P<0.05), the interaction between them had no significant effects on FRLD and FRBD. Different agro-forestry patterns were similar in the fine root distribution areas in horizontal and vertical directions. In the horizontal direction, more than 56.36% of the FRLD and FRBD of P. tomentosa + peanut + spinach, P. tomentosa + peanut and conventional tending accounted for 0-30 cm. FRLD and FRBD in vertical direction accounted for more than 78.95% of 0-80 cm in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer. After comparing the three models in horizontal and vertical directions, The FRLD and FRBD in both the horizontal and vertical directions of P. tomentosa + peanut + spinach and P. tomentosa + peanut were higher than the conventional tending of P. tomentosa saplings.[Conclusion] It is concluded that under the different intercropping patterns, the horizontal distribution of FRLD and FRBD was mainly in 0-30 cm, and the vertical distribution is mainly in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, the intercropping of agricultural crops after planting could promote the root growth of P. tomentosa trees after one year of afforestation. © 2019, Editorial Department of Journal of Beijing Forestry University. All right reserved.

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Effects of salinity on the establishment and early growth of Prosopis argentina and Prosopis alpatac...

May 2005 · Austral Ecology

In arid zones, water availability is the most important factor limiting seedling establishment and plant distribution. However, within a region with a defined water regime, the physical and chemical properties of the soil could be the cause of the spatial pattern of plant communities. Prosopis argentina Burk. and Prosopis alpataco Phil. are sympatric at a regional scale but at the local scale ... [Show full abstract] they occupy clearly differentiated edaphic niches. Prosopis argentina reaches its ecological optimum in the sandy soils of active dunes, whereas P. alpataco achieves it in heavy, clayish, saline and periodically flooded soils. We studied the effect of salinity, and its interaction with soil type, on the establishment and early growth of these species in order to evaluate their adaptive mechanisms, and to analyse how this was related to the ecological success of these species. Salinity affected emergence and early growth of P. argentina and P. alpataco seedlings differently. Higher salinity led to decreased height, total biomass and shoot and root biomass of plants in both species but the effect was stronger in P. argentina than in P. alpataco, and greater in clayish than in sandy soils. These results would indicate that exclusion of P argentina from clayish and saline soils would occur during emergence and the first stages of seedling establishment as a consequence of salinity. In P. alpataco other edaphic limitations, like texture or fertility in sandy soils, appear to be always more important. The osmotic effect evidenced by decreasing water and osmotic potentials of plants under saline conditions may be associated with growth reduction in both P. argentina and P. alpataco. However, this factor cannot explain differences in growth between species under salinity. The higher contents of Ca++ and K+, and the lower contents of Na+ in P. alpataco suggest that the greater tolerance of this species depends on its ability to regulate and control absorption and transport of ions.

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Morphological plasticity and competitive ability of Austroeupatorium inulifolium

January 2009

Jagath Gunatilake

Alien plants are invading the natural and semi natural ecosystems causing much damage to the biodiversity. For the past few years, Austroeupatorium inulifolium has invaded aggressively within the Knuckles Conservation Area. This species is still not been identified as an invasive plant in Sri Lanka and hence no data available on their impacts on the ecosystem. The baseline information on the ... [Show full abstract] ecology of A. inulifolium is important to undertake future management practices successfully. In the present experiment we investigated morphological plasticity when exposed to different nutrient pulses and also their competitive ability. This information is essential to understand their invasive ability and also can be used in management strategies. Two pot experiments were set up at glasshouse conditions, at the Department of Botany, University of Peradeniya. In the first experiment, seedlings were transplanted as one plant/pot and nutrients were added to create spatial, temporal and homogeneous pulses for five weeks. After 8 weeks of growth plants were harvested. In the second experiment, seedlings were exposed to 3 densities (intra-specific) with 1, 2, and 4 seedlings/pot (n=10). Plants were harvested after 9 weeks. Results were statistically analyzed using Minitab 14.3. Plants showed higher total, shoot and root biomasses when exposed to temporal pulses compared to homogenous pulses. It shows that plants respond to temporal nutrient pulses more efficiently through plastic responses than to spatial and homogeneous pulses. However, the root weight ratio (RWR) shows no significant difference between treatments indicating Austroeupatorium showed a better growth under temporal pulses by adjusting physiologically but not morphologically. Total, shoot and root biomass at high density (x4) seems to be significantly lower than the lower density levels (x1, x2). The relative height ratio and growth rate of A. inulifolium seems to be significantly higher in lower densities (x1 and x2) compared to high density level. Further studies are progressing in order to explore their competitive ability when A. inulifolium is exposed to inter-specific competition with some native, non-invasive plants.

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Screening at an early seedling stage for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in maize

July 2019

The research entitled screening at early seedling stage for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in maize was carried in agronomy lab of Prithu Technical College, Lamahi, Dang during 2018. The trial was conducted in completely randomized design (CRD), with three replication and ten treatments under two different environments. Ten different drought tolerant genotypes named as viz: ... [Show full abstract] Arun-2, BGBYPOP, Rampur Composite, Arun-6, ZM401, TLBRSO7F16, Rampur-4, Arun-4, Farmer’s Local and HG-AB were tested in 30 clay pots at irrigated condition, maintaining proper soil moisture throughout the critical growth states, while 30 other clay pots with same genotypes were tested under drought environment. Data were collected at 25 DAS and 50 DAS. All genotypes showed nonsignificant difference for all traits in non-stress condition. There was no significant difference among the genotypes for various traits under the study in irrigated condition, while significant difference was observed for the same traits under the drought condition indicating that these genotypes had variation in drought tolerant ability. Arun- 4 and Arun- 6 had higher mean for root moisture content, shoot moisture content, number of root and number of dried leaves traits. Correlation study showed that root moisture content and shoot moisture content traits have highly positive significant association and can be used as drought tolerant traits. The identified stress tolerant genotypes need to be evaluated in open environment for confirmation of the results.

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Planting Guide for Hybrid Poplar (Populus simonii) in Kulun Qi, Inner Mongolia

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