... It is custom in design codes to specify a Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF), larger than one, which is multiplied by the static load effects, , to represent the total load effect, (Paultre, Chaallal & Proulx, 1992;O'Connor & OBrien, 2003;González, Znidaric, Casas, Enright, OBrien, Lavric & Kalin, 2009;Ludescher & Bruhwiler, 2009;OBrien, Rattigan, González, Dowling & Žnidarič, 2009;Caprani, 2013Caprani, , 2017Deng, Yu, Zou & Cai, 2015). The DAF can be expressed as per Equation 1. ...