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New species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from Southeastern Brazil
... As currently defined, species of Pseudoboa are easily distinguished from other pseudoboines by the presence of unpaired subcaudals, a characteristic that is known to occur within the pseudoboines only in Phimophis guerini (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854), Rachidelus brazili Boulenger, 1908 and some individuals of Clelia Fitzinger, 1826, that have mixed subcaudal scales (Bailey 1967). Pseudoboa haasi (Boettger, 1905) and P. serrana Morato, Moura-Leite, Prudente and Bernils, 1995 are restricted to the southeastern and southern regions of the Atlantic rainforest (Morato et al. 1995), while P. coronata Schneider, 1801 and P. neuwiedii (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) are distributed throughout the Amazon basin, with the latter species reaching the western part of the Panamanian rainforest as well as Trinidad and Tobago (Bailey 1970). Pseudoboa nigra (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) is the only species of the genus known to live in the open-area formations of South America, being widely distributed throughout the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco biomes (Bailey 1970). ...
... Pseudoboa nigra (Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) is the only species of the genus known to live in the open-area formations of South America, being widely distributed throughout the Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco biomes (Bailey 1970). Useful taxonomic and natural history information on the five known species of Pseudoboa was provided by Cunha and Nascimento (1983) and Morato et al. (1995). Martins and Oliveira (1998) illustrated and provided natural history information on three individuals of an unnamed species of Pseudoboa from the Brazilian Amazon basin that we describe herein. ...
... neuwiedii and P. nigra). Morato et al. (1995) recognized Bailey's species groups and considered P. serrana to belong in the coronata group, as the sister-species of P. haasi. However, P. coronata appears to be more closely related to P.nigra and P. neuwiedii than to P. haasi (Zaher 1994). ...
A new species of Pseudoboa, P. martinsi, is described from the Amazon basin of Brazil, with records from the states of Pará, Amazonas, Roraima and Rondônia. The new species is distinguished from the other five species of the genus by a combination of scalation and coloration characters. Individuals of the new species were found in both primary and disturbed forested areas. The species seems to be predominantly nocturnal and secretive because specimens were found foraging in the litter during night.
... Many closely related snake species have similar patterns of distribution, with discontinuous groups from the Southern Brazilian Plateau, and the 'Mantiqueira-Bocaina-Órgãos' mountain complexi.e.: Bothrops cotiara and B. fonsecai (Franco et al. 2005, Morato et al. 2003, Tashima et al. 2008, Clelia rustica (Franco et al. 1997) and C. hussami (Morato et al. 2003), and Pseudoboa serrana and P. haasi (Morato et al. 1995(Morato et al. , 2003. Moreover, the distribution pattern of Ditaxodon taeniatus is quite similar to P. flavovirgatus, being absent in most of SP state, while its distribution center seems to be in the Brazilian Southern Plateau, with records in the 'Serra da Mantiqueira', in Southeastern Brazil (Thomas et al. 2006). ...
We approached spatial ecology with ecological considerations for conservation of two snake species with resembling distributions along fragmented landscapes of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, Gomesophis brasiliensis and Ptychophis flavovirgatus. Both are Neotropical snakes with allopatric groups, showing intriguing geographic distribution patterns with large gap areas amongst them. We aimed to predict the distribution pattern of both species and determine if their ecological niches overlap. To test the hypothesis of niche overlapping, in the Niche equivalency test (Net) and Similarity test (Bst), we evaluated the niche models for both species based on the georeferenced environmental layers (bioclimatic, geographic, and vegetation), and using the software Maxent v.3.3.3. The potential distribution of both species was similar with large sympatric areas, both in grassy landscapes of the Atlantic Forest, although G. brasiliensis is evenly distributed in southeastern and southern Brazil, while P. flavovirgatus is more concentrated in southern Brazil. Altitude and minimum temperature of the coldest month were the most important variables for both species in their distribution models. Similar and equivalent niches overlapping between species indicated a conservative niche for both species. The niches’ overlap may be explained by environmental influences along with phylogenetic inertia.
... En Peligro Categoría UICN Preocupación Menor Justificación La distribución y situación de esta especie es similar a la indicada para Bothrops cotiara. Pseudoboa haasi es endémica en los estados de Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, el sudeste de San Pablo, en el sudeste del Brasil y el noreste de Misiones en Argentina (Bailey, 1970b;Lema y Ely, 1979;Giraudo, 1992;Lema, 1994;Morato et al., 1995). Es extremadamente escasa en la Argentina donde es conocida para tres localidades, dos de ellas comprendidas dentro del área de distribución de la Araucaria y otro ejemplar encontrado en selvas de serranías con Palo Rosa y Palmito (Giraudo, 2001;. ...
... Pseudoboa haasi (Boettger, 1905) se encuentra en el sur de Brasil y noreste de Argentina, habitando la región fitogeográfica de la Araucaria y áreas limítrofes (Bailey, 1970;Giraudo, 2001;Giraudo et al., 2012). Pseudoboa serrana (Morato, Moura-Leite, Prudente & Bernils, 1995) se limita a las regiones del Bosque Atlántico en el sureste de Brasil (Morato et al., 1995). Pseudoboa coronata (Schneider, 1801) y P. neuwiedii (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854), se distribuyen en el centro de Brasil, a lo largo de la cuenca del Amazonas, llegando a la costa de Venezuela, parte occidental de la selva de Panamá y Trinidad y Tobago (Bailey, 1970;Zaher et al., 2008;Gaiarsa et al., 2013). ...
The genus Pseudoboa is composed by six species of snakes widely distributed in most of South America, western Panama, and the Tobago and Grenada islands. Due to lack of voucher material, Pseudoboa nigra was excluded from the snakes species lists from Argentina. Here, its presence is confirmed, increasing to 128 the snake species number known for this country.El género Pseudoboa comprende seis especies de serpientes que se distribuyen en gran parte de América del Sur, oeste de Panamá y en las islas Tobago y Granada. Se confirma la presencia en la República Argentina de Pseudoboa nigra, la cual había sido excluida de las listas de especies de serpientes de este país por no contar con material de referencia. Con este registro se alcanzan las 128 especies citadas para la ofidiofauna argentina.
... It is worth noting that some old records of Pseudoboa coronata were mistakenly based on other species: e.g., Wied (1824) (P. nigra), Jan and Sordelli (1870) (plate V, figures 3 and 4: probably P. neuwiedii; plate VI, figure 2: P. nigra, based on Wied [1824]), and Boulenger (1896) (records from Rio de Janeiro and Petrópolis are of P. ser rana, according to Morato et al. 1995). ...
The snake species Pseudoboa coronata has wide distribution from central Brazil to coastal Venezu-ela and the Guianas, eastern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. In this note, the known distribution range of P. coronata is extended eastward to the border between the states of Bahia and Pernambuco, and southward to Cachoeira Alta, state of Goiás, both in Brazil. Considering the limited biogeographic information for most taxa, reports like this add significant data for future studies on biogeography, taxonomy, and conservation biology.
... No entanto, Recoder & Nogueira (2007), no trabalho que apresenta as espécies de répteis da porção sul do Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, no Estado de Minas Gerais, incluem E. crassus, L. typhlus e P. nigra dentre as espécies registradas. Em áreas de Mata Atlântica no Estado de Minas Gerais foi registrada L. annulata por Bertoluci et al. (2009), P. serrana por Morato et al. (1995) e S. neuwiedi por Palmuti et al. (2009). Oxyrhopus guibei e S. mikanii foram as espécies mais comumente registradas na área urbana do município e Erythrolamprus aesculapii e S. neuwiedi apresentaram baixa ocorrência e foram registradas apenas na área rural. ...
Data on reptile fauna in the state of Minas Gerais are punctual and show the need of information about this group, mainly in transition regions between the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado. The study area is located in Ritápolis municipality (21° 01' 37.07" S and 44° 19' 11.84" W), micro-region Campo das Vertentes, State of Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to study the composition of the local reptile fauna. The observations, captures and collections were performed every two weeks, during two consecutive days, from August 2005 to July 2006. The captures were made using pitfall traps with drift fences, divided in eight sites: four in the gallery forest area and four in open areas, totalizing 6.912 hours-bucket of sampling effort. We also performed active captures, used photographs to register occasional encounters and in some cases we also obtained snake specimens that were delivered by local people when found dead. We recorded a total of 31 reptile species, two turtle species; nine lizards; two amphisbaenians and 18 snakes. Only the lizards Cercosaura ocellata, Enyalius bilineatus and Tupinambis merianae and the snakes Leptodeira annulata and Apostolepis assimilis were captured by pitfall traps. The most common lizards were Ameiva ameiva and Mabuya frenata and the most abundant snakes were Oxyrhophus guibei and Sibynomorphus mikanii. Lizards are very well represented in the area, with species typical of the forest, as Enyalius bilineatus, and from Cerrado open areas, as Ameiva ameiva and Mabuya frenata. The snake assemblage contains species typical of Cerrado open areas (e. g. O. guibei and Micrurus frontalis), and of forests, as Liophis poecilogyrus and Philodryas olfersii. The diversity of reptile species and the previous record of Amphisbaena dubia and Hydromedusa tectifera in the state of Minas Gerais indicate the great potential of the Campo das Vertentes to reveal the occurrence of new species or to extend the distribution of other species.
Accurate and detailed species distribution maps are fundamental for documenting and interpreting biological diversity. For snakes, an ecologically diverse group of reptiles, syntheses and detailed data on distribution patterns remain scarce. We present the first comprehensive collection of detailed, voucher-based, point-locality, range maps for all described and documented Brazilian snakes, with the major aim of mitigating the Wallacean shortfall and as a contribution towards a better understanding of this rich, threatened, and poorly studied megadiverse fauna. We recorded a total of 412 snake species in Brazil on the basis of an extensive and verified point-locality database of 163,498 entries and 75,681 unique records (available here as Online Supporting Information). Our results reveal previously undocumented patterns of distribution, sampling effort, richness, and endemism levels, resulting in a more objective view of snake diversity in the Neotropics. Apart from these achievements, we understand that the most relevant and enduring contribution of the present atlas is to stimulate researchers to publish corrections, additions, and new discoveries.
Aim: Snake faunal dissimilarity within tropical forests is not well characterized, nor are the factors underlying these patterns. Our aim was to disentangle the ecological and historical factors driving biogeographical subregions (BSR) for snakes. LocationBrazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF).
Methods: We compiled 274 snake inventories to build a species-by-site matrix and used unconstrained ordination and clustering techniques to identify the number of snake BSR. We applied an interpolation method to map axes of compositional variation over the whole extent of the BAF, and then classified the compositional dissimilarity according to the number of snake BSR identified a priori. We used multinomial logistic regression models and deviance partitioning techniques to investigate the influence of contemporary climatic stability, productivity, topographic complexity, and historical climate shifts in explaining the BSR.
Results: We identified 198 snake species organized into six BSR, three of them located along the BAF coast and the other three predominantly inland BSR. Climatic stability made the largest contribution to explaining the variability in snake BSR, followed by productivity and historical variation in climate. Topography was important only if historical variation in climate was excluded from the analysis.
Main conclusions: The highest rates of snake endemism within BAF were in the coastal BSR, as compared to the inland BSR that are mostly composed of open habitat specialists. Our findings suggest that the topographic complexity of the BAF acts on snake distributions not as a physical barrier, but rather as a climatic barrier, providing historical climate refuges for species living along altitudinal gradients. Overall, the predominance of climatic stability and historic variation in climate in explaining snake BSR reinforces the importance of thermoregulatory constraints in shaping the distribution of tropical ectotherm species.
De modo geral, répteis despertam pouco interesse popular no que concerne à conservação das espécies. Este descaso se deve, em parte, à falta de informação, ao medo, ou à antipatia que a maioria das pessoas tem em relação a al-guns desses animais, como lagartos, serpentes e cobras-de-duas-cabeças (ou anfisbenas). Recentemente, porém, alguns répteis vêm recebendo crescente atenção através de cam-panhas destinadas especificamente à sua proteção, como é o caso das tartarugas marinhas e alguns crocodilianos (ja-carés e crocodilos). Mesmo assim, ainda hoje muitos répteis continuam sendo propositadamente exterminados, a des-peito do apelo pela conservação da biodiversidade em ní-vel global. Embora o extermínio de indivíduos contribua para o declínio populacional de algumas espécies, é a descaracterização e a destruição dos hábitats que constitu-em a ameaça mais generalizada e severa. Répteis ocorrem no mundo inteiro, exceto nos pólos, ocupando os mais diversificados hábitats. Atualmente são reconhecidas 8.051 espécies, sendo 4.636 de lagartos, 2.930 de serpentes, 300 de quelônios (tartarugas, cágados e jabutis), 160 de anfisbenas, 23 de crocodilianos e duas de tuataras (Uetz 2002). Dessas, 617 espécies ocorrem no Brasil (312 ser-pentes, 214 lagartos, 51 anfisbenas, 35 quelônios e 5 jacarés; Pinto 2002) e 111 no Rio Grande do Sul (73 serpentes, 21 lagartos, 11 quelônios, 5 anfisbenas e 1 jacaré).
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