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The antibacterial activity and stability of acetic acid

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Abstract

Acetic acid has been shown to have good antibacterial activity against micro-organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study examined the activity against a range of bacterial pathogens and also assessed any reduction in antibacterial activity due to evaporation or inactivation by organic material in dressings. Acetic acid was active at dilutions as low as 0.166% and the activity was not reduced by evaporation nor by inactivation by cotton swabs. Burn injuries are a major problem in countries with limited resources. Acetic acid is an ideal candidate for use in patients who are treated in those parts of the world.

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... Regrettably, there is a notable lack of research focused on the development of gel formulations that are buffered to an acidic pH to treat wound infections. Even though citric acid [29,[36][37][38][39], acetic acid [40][41][42][43][44][45], and boric acid [46] have previously been investigated individually for healing infected wounds, no preparation has been prepared previously to investigate the effect of their combination on the healing of infected wounds. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, no such formulation has yet been tested for its efficacy against bacterial wound biofilms. ...
... The acid-buffered solutions were composed of different concentrations of a combination of citric acid, acetic acid, and boric acid with alginic acid. Studies have found concentrations of 1-5%, and 0.16-5% are safe and effective antibacterial concentrations for citric acid [29,[36][37][38][39] and acetic acid [40][41][42][43][44][45], respectively, significantly reducing bacterial counts in chronic wounds, whereas boric acid has been found to be effective in healing wounds at concentrations of 2-3% [46]. Therefore, in this research, formulations were developed composed of acids in various concentrations (Table 1) previously reported to be effective and safe for biological activities. ...
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Background: Treatment of cutaneous wound infections is becoming a major clinical challenge due to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance associated with existing wound treatments. Two prevalent pathogens in wound infections, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), continue to present a serious challenge, underscoring the critical need for new therapeutic alternatives. Methods: Novel alginate acid-buffered gels (ABF-1, ABF-2, and ABF-3) were developed using a combination of organic acids in various concentrations and buffered at a pH of 4.5. The acid-buffering capacity of the gels was evaluated against sodium hydroxide solution and simulated wound fluid (SWF) at different wound pHs, mimicking infected and non-infected wound environments. The in vitro antibacterial activity was assessed against resistant bacterial strains (Gram-positive and Gram-negative) using a microdilution method and wound biofilm assay. The rheological properties and cell viability of the gels were evaluated and the gel showing positive cell viability was further investigated for healing ability using an in vitro wound scratch assay. Results: The gels showed promising in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Gels with higher acid concentrations (ABF-1 and ABF-2) were highly effective in reducing the bacterial load in chronic biofilms of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, while the gel with a lower acid concentration (ABF-3) showed positive effects on the viability of skin cells (over 80% cells viable) and for promoting wound closure. All three gels demonstrated excellent acid-buffering capabilities. Conclusions: The acid-buffered gels demonstrate promising in vitro antibacterial effects, indicating their potential for enhancing wound healing.
... As yeast extract was reported to provide initial nutrients for cell division and substance synthesis [37,38], the abundance of the resource might determine the final population size. It was reasonable that acetic acid, which often inhibited microbe growth [39][40][41], targeted r_Lp, as Lp preferred an acidic environment. On the other hand, both r_Ec and K_Ec were commonly determined by K2HPO4 ( Figure 6, bottom), which might provide a buffering effect in response to the changes in pH caused by Lp. ...
... A novel understanding of the chemical role of bacterial growth was achieved. As an example of the new findings, acetic acid was commonly used to adjust the pH of the media for culturing Lp (e.g., MRS) to suppress the growth of other microbiomes growing at neutral conditions [39][40][41]. The GBDT analytical results showed that the inhibitory effect of acetic acid on Ec was limited, and yeast extract played a more significant role in selective culture. ...
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Medium optimization and development for selective bacterial cultures are essential for isolating and functionalizing individual bacteria in microbial communities; nevertheless, it remains challenging due to the unknown mechanisms between bacterial growth and medium components. The present study first tried combining machine learning (ML) with active learning to fine-tune the medium components for the selective culture of two divergent bacteria, i.e., Lactobacillus plantarum and Escherichia coli. ML models considering multiple growth parameters of the two bacterial strains were constructed to predict the fine-tuned medium combinations for higher specificity of bacterial growth. The growth parameters were designed as the exponential growth rate (r) and maximal growth yield (K), which were calculated according to the growth curves. The eleven chemical components in the commercially available medium MRS were subjected to medium optimization and specialization. High-throughput growth assays of both strains grown separately were performed to obtain thousands of growth curves in more than one hundred medium combinations, and the resultant datasets linking the growth parameters to the medium combinations were used for the ML training. Repeated rounds of active learning (i.e., ML model construction, medium prediction, and experimental verification) successfully improved the specific growth of a single strain out of the two. Both r and K showed maximized differentiation between the two strains. A further analysis of all the data accumulated in active learning identified the decision-making medium components for growth specificity and the differentiated, determinative manner of growth decisions of the two strains. In summary, this study demonstrated the efficiency and practicality of active learning in medium optimization for selective cultures and offered novel insights into the contribution of the chemical components to specific bacterial growth.
... These results are encouraging and satisfactory, in comparison with other studies. For example, Fraise et al. (2013) reported that acetic acid was effective at dilutions as low as 0.166% against various bacterial pathogens. Similarly, in the study by Amrutha et al. (2017), the MIC of acetic acid was 1.5% for E. coli and 1% for Salmonella spp. ...
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The environment of poultry slaughterhouses, broiler carcasses and offal can act as reservoirs and spread various zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and E. coli in broiler carcasses and offal, and the environment of poultry slaughterhouses, and to evaluate the capacity for biofilm formation and sensitivity to acetic acid of certain bacterial isolates. A total of 210 samples were taken from different parts of the carcasses (wings, thighs and breasts) and offal (livers and hearts) of broiler chickens, and 19 environmental samples were collected from various compartments of poultry slaughterhouses (walls, floors and equipment) to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and E. coli. Fourteen S. aureus strains and 14 E. coli strains isolated from broiler products, as well as 14 S. aureus strains and 14 E. coli strains isolated from the environment of poultry slaughterhouses, were specifically selected to evaluate their ability to form biofilms. The tube and the tissue culture plate methods were used to evaluate biofilm forming capacity, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acetic acid on these bacterial isolates was determined by the agar dilution method. The total quantities of biofilm produced by the different categories of bacterial strains were compared by statistical analysis. The prevalences of S. aureus and E. coli were 100% in broiler carcass and offal samples, while in environmental samples, the prevalence of E. coli was 94.73% and that of S. aureus was 78.94%. Using the tube method, 35.71% of S. aureus strains demonstrated strong biofilm production, 50% demonstrated moderate production and 14.28% demonstrated weak production. No strain was categorized as non‑biofilm producing. Similarly, for E. coli strains, 32.14% had strong biofilm production, 21.42% moderate production, and 46.42% weak production, with no strain being non‑biofilm producing. Using the tissue culture plate method, 39.28% of S. aureus strains had moderate biofilm production, while 60.71% showed weak production. No isolates were identified as having strong production or being non‑biofilm producers. For E. coli strains, 14.28% showed strong biofilm production, 39.28% moderate production, and 46.42% weak production, with no isolate being cat‑ egorized as a non‑biofilm producer. The two methods made it possible to detect biofilm production by all studied bacterial isolates. The tube method revealed a higher rate of isolates with strong biofilm production (33.92%) compared to the tissue culture plate method (7.14%). In contrast, the tube method recorded a lower rate of isolates exhibiting moderate biofilm production (35.71%) compared to the tissue culture plate method (39.28%). Similarly, the tube method showed a lower rate of isolates with weak biofilm production (30.35%) compared to the tissue culture plate method (53.57%). Regarding measures of total biofilm produced, environmental bacteria presented a not significantly higher value (to‑ tal optical density (OD)=12.45) than did bacteria isolated from broilers (total OD=11.83). Likewise, the total quantity of biofilm produced by all 14 E. coli (total OD=12.78) was numerically but not significantly higher than that produced by all S. aureus isolates (total OD=11.5). Among the isolates from broilers, the 14 E. coli strains produced a numerically not significantly higher amount of biofilm (total OD=6.76) than the 14 S. aureus strains (total OD=5.07). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of acetic acid was ≤0.08% for all bacterial isolates, except for two S. aureus isolates, for which the minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.16%. In conclusion, S. aureus and E. coli are frequently present in the environment of poultry slaughterhouses and in broiler products. All bacterial isolates demonstrated an ability to form biofilms. These bacteria were very sensitive to acetic acid, which is therefore considered an ideal agent for disinfection of the poultry slaughterhouses environment and decontamination of broiler carcasses.
... Various studies have shown an antimicrobial effect of all but one of these agents. Acetic acid, ethanol (or ethanol leaf extract), and ethyl-alcohol have even been shown to inhibit the growth of MRSA and Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro [43][44][45]. In contrast, it was shown that low ethanol concentrations significantly enhance the growth rate and cell density of A. baumannii and increase the expression of potential virulence functions [46]. ...
Article
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Many bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci and opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter (A.) species, in particular members of the A. calcoaceticus—A. baumannii (Acb) complex, are known to survive in environmental settings. This increases the risk of bacterial spreading and transmission to animals and humans, especially in institutions with a high animal population density. This study aimed to identify the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) staphylococci and Acinetobacter species in dog daycare facilities (DDFs). The surfaces of 16 DDFs were sampled and information about cleaning practices was obtained. After microbial identification, the detected isolates were investigated by multiplex PCR for antimicrobial resistance genes. In 200 location samples, 38 staphylococci and 109 Acinetobacter spp. isolates were identified. Methicillin-resistant genes were confirmed in 18 staphylococci isolates from four DDFs, including Staphylococcus (S.) equorum, S. saprophyticus, S. cohnii, S. lentus, and S. haemolyticus. Eight A. radioresistens isolates comprising the blaOXA-23 carbapenemase gene and seventeen isolates belonging to the Acb complex were also isolated. This is the first investigation for MDR pathogens in DDFs, a close human–animal interaction environment. Though the role of DDFs in the transmission and spreading of MDR bacteria is not known, the findings should contribute to the public awareness and underscore the necessity of adequate cleaning protocols.
... Glucose is typically elevated within CF sputum, with a mean concentration of 700 µmol/L 50,51 ; therefore suggesting that the composition of CF sputum supports this co-colonisation process. The metabolism of glucose by S. aureus creates organic acid products (such as acetic acid), that have been shown to kill P. aeruginosa 48,52 . Such mechanism creates a barrier for P. aeruginosa infection surrounding S. aureus cells; a notion termed the 'S. ...
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Polymicrobial communities inhabit the cystic fibrosis (CF) airway, whereby microbial interactions can occur. One prominent CF pathogen is Mycobacterium abscessus , whose treatment is largely unsuccessful. This creates a need to discover novel antimicrobial agents to treat M. abscessus , however the methods used within antibiotic discovery are typically monomicrobial. This review will discuss this pathogen whilst considering the CF polymicrobial environment, to highlight future perspectives to improve M. abscessus drug discovery.
... This may have increased the antimicrobial action of these products. This acid's antimicrobial activity as an antiseptic is well demonstrated in the literature [103][104][105][106][107][108]. ...
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Background: The search for substances that can overcome microorganisms’ resistance and enhance the antimicrobial activity of given products has attracted the attention of researchers. Eucalyptus wood vinegar (WV) is a promising product for developing alternative antimicrobials. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether the production of WV in the co-pyrolysis of eucalyptus wood with aromatic herbs would incorporate compounds from them into WV and if that would enhance its antimicrobial action. Methodology: WV was produced alone and through co-pyrolysis with marjoram (Origanum majorana), Peruvian oregano (Origanum vulgare), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Turkish oregano (Origanum onites) at a proportion of 25% of herbs to the bone-dry wood weight. The antimicrobial effects were assessed against strains of gram-negative and -positive bacteria, and Candida glabrata. Microorganisms’ colony growth in agar had their absorbances recorded after inoculation and incubation. Chemical characterization of the new products was performed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results: After coproduction, there were relevant chemical changes concerning the original WV. Thymol, for instance, was incorporated into the WV through co-pyrolysis with marjoram, Peruvian and Turkish oregano, and thyme. The coproducts were more efficient than the WV produced only with wood, with thyme-incorporated products having the highest efficiency. This can be attributed to the increase and incorporation of the substances after coproduction, and particularly the role of thymol in enhancing the antimicrobial action. Conclusion: Given the results, the co-production of WV with eucalyptus wood and aromatic herbs has the potential to provide alternative antimicrobial products.
... Despite these studies, PAA was still considered as a bactericidal agent until 1955. 113 Soon after, there was a great acceptance of PAA in several industries, such as food, chemicals, health, pulp and paper, and water treatment. 111 In the early 1970s, Chloroform, a by-product of chlorination, was discovered in drinking water. ...
Article
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Disinfection is an essential step during water treatment to ensure the microbiological safety of water for human consumption, and over time, it has been improved and better understood. In this context, this review provides a compilation of information, new insights, and perspectives on the main microorganisms present in supply water, their basic structures, and mechanisms of disinfection via chlorine, peracetic acid (PAA), ultraviolet (UV) radiation and solar disinfection (SODIS). Chlorine is the most common chemical disinfectant, however, there is the formation of toxic by-products, which has stimulated the use of non-chlorinated disinfection methods, such as PAA, UV and SODIS. The main advantages of PAA reported in the literature are its high disinfecting power, the non-formation of toxic/carcinogenic by-products, its ability to generate radicals, such as CH3C(O)O●, HO● and HOO● with or without the use of electromagnetic radiation or thermal energy. The generation of radicals is one of the most used mechanisms to explain the oxidation process during disinfection, which, also prompted studies to use radiation for catalyzing the formation of these radicals. Consequently, physical disinfection processes, such as UV irradiation and SODIS have received significant attention because, in addition to having the ability to damage the RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) and DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) of microorganisms causing their inactivation, these processes also promote the formation of radicals through reactive species that are ubiquitous in natural water. Therefore, the review will be important for studies focused on the process of water disinfection by advanced oxidized processes, especially those that use PAA combined with UV or SODIS.
... Additionally, the effect of acetate on the microbiota may be concentration-dependent. 41 Given the varied concentrations of SCFAs and differences in host health status, these compounds could have bidirectional effects. 42 host's health and susceptibility to diseases. ...
Article
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Background Emerging evidence links gut microbiota and their by-products, notably short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), to urticaria. This study employs multiple Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses to unravel the complex interactions among gut microbiota, SCFAs, and different subtypes of urticaria, aiming to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and enhance future clinical research. Methods We analyzed published genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to identify associations between gut microbiota and three common subtypes of urticaria: spontaneous, dermatographic, and temperature-triggered. Initial two-sample and reverse MR analyses explored the causality in these relationships. Subsequent multivariate MR analyses investigated the role of SCFAs in modulating these interactions, with multiple sensitivity analyses to ensure robustness. Findings Specific taxa were differently associated with various urticaria subtypes. From microbiota to urticaria: one taxon was negatively associated with dermatographic urticaria; seven taxa were negatively associated and four positively associated with temperature-triggered urticaria; four taxa were negatively associated and six positively associated with spontaneous urticaria. Conversely, from urticaria to microbiota: five taxa were negatively associated with dermatographic urticaria; four were negatively and two positively associated with temperature-triggered urticaria; and two were negatively associated with spontaneous urticaria. These associations were observed at a nominal significance level (P < 0.05). After applying Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, these associations did not reach statistical significance. The observed trends, however, provide insights into potential microbiota-urticaria interactions. Multivariate MR analyses elucidated the role of SCFAs, particularly acetate, which plays a crucial role in modulating immune response. Adjusting for acetate revealed direct effects of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteriales, and Bifidobacteriaceae on spontaneous urticaria, with corresponding mediation effects of −22%, −24.9%, and −24.9% respectively. Similarly, adjustments for Alcaligenaceae and Betaproteobacteria indicated significant negative effects of acetate on dermatographic and spontaneous urticaria, with mediation effects of −21.7% and −23.7%, respectively. Conclusion This study confirms the interconnected roles of gut microbiota, SCFAs, and urticaria. It highlights SCFAs’ potential mediating role in influencing urticaria through microbiota, providing insights for future therapeutic strategies.
... v v -1 [26]. Similarly, Fraise et al. [27] reported antimicrobial activity of acetic acid against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and S. aureus at 0.166 and 0.312% v v -1 , respectively. Manuel et al. [28] detected that formic acid at a concentration of 0.06% v v -1 exhibited antimicrobial effects against E. coli. ...
... SBE is composed of HOCl at concentrations of 500-1000 mg/mL and acetic acid (HAc) at concentrations of 1-3% (w/w), both of which are naturally occurring molecules and have a long history of safe use in medicinal products and in solutions approved as medical devices. [13][14][15] Both molecules exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity at the concentrations present in SBE. [16][17][18] HOCl is used by the innate immune system as it is highly active against invading bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens. ...
Article
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Objective: Biofilm infections in chronic wounds are common and pose a significant clinical challenge. This challenge was addressed by developing the SoftOx Biofilm Eradicator (SBE) composed of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and acetic acid with strong broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Approach: First-in-human study investigating the safety and tolerability as primary endpoints and wound size effect and antimicrobial efficacy as secondary endpoints of SBE treatment in chronic leg wound patients. The study was divided into two as follows: a randomized, double-blinded, Single Ascending Dose (SAD) phase (n = 16 SBE; n = 4 placebo), where patients were treated with SBE or saline (placebo) only once, followed by an open-label, Multiple Ascending Dose (MAD) phase (n = 8), where patients were treated with SBE once daily or twice daily over five days. Reporting is according to CONSORT guidelines. Results: SBE was safe and well-tolerated in chronic leg wound patients. There were no significant differences in pain during and after treatment with SBE or the placebo. The SBE treatment reduced bioburden in wounds compared to baseline, with 98% and 49% median reduction after SBE or placebo treatment, respectively. A dose-dependent trend in absolute wound size reduction was observed in the MAD groups with a median (min, max) change of -2.99 (-14.25, -1.5) cm2 in the once-daily and -10.48 (-17.95, -0.38) cm2 in the twice-daily group, respectively. Innovation and Conclusion: This study demonstrated the safe use of HOCl-based SBE in chronic leg wounds with promising trends of immediate antimicrobial action and beneficial effect on wound healing.
... Moving to gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus is more sensitive to 3hydroxybenzoic acid and hydroxylamine with MICs both equal to 0.025 mg/ml (Ganesh et al., 2022, Tarr, 2011, while its value for linolenic acid was 1.0 mg/ml (Dilika et al., 2000). In addition, the inhibition of the same bacterial strain required 0.312 % acetic acid and 5 % ribitol (Fraise et al., 2013, Akiyama et al., 2002. In 2021, Casillas-Vargas et al. (2021) proved the antibacterial activity of palmitic acid against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis by indicating an MIC value of 2 μg/ml, while its value for pseudouridine is in the range of 4-16 μg/ml (Maffioli et al., 2019). ...
Article
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Camels are highly suited for severe desert conditions and able to provide most of the natural products like urine, which has been used as alternative medicine to treat diverse infections and disorders. There is, however, a shortage and paucity of scientific reviews highlighting the antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral effects of camel urine. By better understanding its antimicrobial characteristics, our overarching aim is to provide an exhaustive overview of this valuable natural product by synthesizing and summarizing data on the efficacy of this biofluid and also describing the potential substances exhibiting antimicrobial properties. We searched three databases in order to point out relevant articles (Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar) until December 2022. Research articles of interest evaluating the antimicrobial effects of camel urine were selected. Overall, camel urine furnished promising antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus (30 mm), Bacillus cereus (22 mm), Bacillus subtilis (25 mm) and Micrococcus luteus (21 mm), as well as gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, and Salmonella spp., without forgetting its efficiency on Mycobacterium tuberculosis as well. The excretion also showed its potency against H1N1 virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Similarly, the camel urine featured strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and dermatophytes with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.625 μg/ml against Trichophyton violaceum, 2.5 μg/ml against Microsporum canis and 1.25 μg/ml against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. This comprehensive review will be valuable for researchers interested in investigating the potential of camel urine in the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules targeting a wide range of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
... There is conflicting evidence on using vinegar as a coadjuvant for treating AD. Studies conducted ex vivo and on murine models have shown that acetic acid has a beneficial effect on reducing eczema [86] and has antimicrobial properties [87]. However, a study examined the effects on Staphylococcus aureus abundance after 14 days of topical dilute apple cider vinegar (0.5% acetic acid) in 11 subjects with AD compared with 11 healthy controls. ...
Article
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Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. The treatment plays an important role in influencing the patients’ quality of life. The basic management consists of appropriate skin cleansing, including bathing and eventually using bathing additives. Recommendations regarding frequency and duration of bathing, water temperature and usefulness of bathing additives are widely different, often leading to confusion among patients. This review aims to give insights into the best bathing practices and the use of bathing additives in atopic dermatitis in children. Several bathing additives, including bleach baths, commercial baby cleansers, bath baby oils and bath salt, appear to be promising adjunctive therapies for atopic dermatitis due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-pruritus and skin barrier repair properties through different mechanisms of action. However, their efficacy and safety are not fully understood in some cases. The usefulness of other bath additives, such as acidic and more natural substances (green tea extracts, pine tar, sodium bicarbonate), is still under investigation. Further studies are needed to determine their optimal use to achieve clinical benefit safely.
... Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii also had an MIC of 0.312% and all strains of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to MIC of 0.166%. 11 Different concentrations of AA has been studied to treat BWI. [17][18][19] Patient's tolerability to topical agent is also very important. ...
Article
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Introduction Despite of recent advancement in the burns wound management, burn wound infection (BWI) is still one of the major cause of burns mortality. Patients who survive their burns injury still suffers from BWI related complication like delayed wound healing and poor scarring. BWI has been treated by application of topical antimicrobial agents or systemic antibiotics. Due to the global risk of developing systemic antibiotics resistance, medical research focuses on identifying single topical agent which has effective antimicrobial activity, easily available and cost effective. One such agent is acetic acid (AA). AA has been used as a topical antibacterial agent for the treatment of burns wounds for many years and has shown to have activity against gram-negative organisms including Pseudomonas aeruginosa . So far there has been no consensus on optimal concentration that has effective antimicrobial activity, frequency of application, duration of treatment and most importantly good patient’s tolerability. A randomised control study is required to answer all these questions. Objective To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of 0.5% and 2% of AA when applied to colonised burns wounds for 3 days after admittance to the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham. Methods and analysis This is a double-blinded, prospective, randomised, controlled, single-centre trial. Patients will be screened for eligibility in the inpatient area and those who are found to be eligible will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: group 1: 0.5% AA (10 patients); group 2: 2% AA (10 patients); total number: 20 patients. Outcome measures Primary outcome : Efficacy will be assessed by measuring the bacterial load from microbiology wound swabs for three consecutive days. Secondary outcomes : (1) The assessment of antimicrobial activity of AA and the minimum inhibitory concentrations. (2) Patient’s tolerance by assessing Visual Analogue Scale pain score. (3) Time to 95% wound healing of treatment area. (4) Patient’s perceived treatment allocation. Ethics and dissemination AceticA trial protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Service (West Midlands—Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee; 17/WM/0407; IRAS 234132). This article refers to protocol version 5.0 dated 6 July 2020. The analysed results will be presented at national and international conferences related to management of burn patients. The generated articles based on the trial results will be submitted to peer review journals for publication. Trial registration number ISRCTN11636684 .
... (Wang et al., 2015). Acetic acid has been shown to have good antibacterial properties against Gram-negative microorganisms, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, even at very low concentrations of 0.166% (Fraise et al., 2013). Formic acid is used in poultry feed to limit the growth of Salmonella spp. ...
Chapter
Biopreservation is identified as the use of beneficial microorganisms or their naturally occurring metabolites to protect the food safety and to extend the shelf-life of food products via inhibiting pathogenic and spoilage microbial activity. Majorly, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been defined in terms of the mentioned duties as bioprotective cultures and/or biopreservation agents. However, other than LAB some other microbes also have a crucial role in the sustainability of food preservation. Biopreservatives are important to prevent the use of synthetic additives such as antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds, which have potential risks to consumer health. In recent years, corresponding to the awareness of consumers, there is a tendency toward natural foods that do not contain synthetic chemicals. Therefore, the discovery of potential new antimicrobial or antioxidant agents has become important in food industry. This chapter introduces potential microbial species as bioprotective cultures as well as their metabolites via their functionalities in terms of obtaining sustainable food preservation. Regarding this, subjects on the importance of food preservation, the role of microbial cultures in food preservation, the metabolites produced by cultures, the possibility of using culture metabolites and paraprobiotics in food preservation, and the application methods of bioprotective agents to foods are presented and discussed in this chapter.
... 3%, 5% Case study (n = 7) 2-12 days, daily application 3% AA eliminated PA in 6 out of 7 patients; 5% AA eliminated PA from 1 patient with a perinephric abscess [188] There is a lack of large-scale randomized controlled clinical trials investigating the use of acetic acid to treat PA-infected chronic wounds [177]. Several ex-vivo clinical observations and small-scale clinical studies suggest that acetic acid may be an effective antibiotic-free treatment that can have antimicrobial effects on PA-infected wounds [5,162,163,166,189]. A consensus on chronic wound antiseptics written in 2018 also listed acetic acid as a promising prospect in fighting PA infections [190]. ...
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As a prevalent medical problem that burdens millions of patients across the world, chronic wounds pose a challenge to the healthcare system. These wounds, often existing as a comorbidity, are vulnerable to infections. Consequently, infections hinder the healing process and complicate clinical management and treatment. While antibiotic drugs remain a popular treatment for infected chronic wounds, the recent rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has hastened the need for alternative treatments. Future impacts of chronic wounds are likely to increase with aging populations and growing obesity rates. With the need for more effective novel treatments, promising research into various wound therapies has seen an increased demand. This review summarizes photodynamic therapy, probiotics, acetic acid, and essential oil studies as developing antibiotic-free treatments for chronic wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinicians may find this review informative by gaining a better understanding of the state of current research into various antibiotic-free treatments. Furthermore. this review provides clinical significance, as clinicians may seek to implement photodynamic therapy, probiotics, acetic acid, or essential oils into their own practice.
... The effects of minor constituents, such as dodecan-1-ol, decyl acetate, undecyl acetate, caproic acid, 7-hexylcocosane, and 9-methyltetracosane (Table 1), were not investigated as there is no evidence in the literature of their possible antimicrobial properties. However, this is not the case with acetic acid (Table 1), which antimicrobial potential has been demonstrated in the past (Ryssel et al., 2009;Fraise et al., 2013), or oleic acid, which antimicrobial properties have been proved several times in recent decades, particularly when it comes to inhibiting the growth of gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus (Speert et al., 1979;Dilika et al., 2000;Stenz et al., 2008;Desbois and Smith, 2010). Palmitic and stearic acids also exhibit antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (Casillas-Vargas et al., 2021). ...
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In the present study, we investigated in vitro the antimicrobial activity of the pygidial gland secretion of the guanophilic ground beetle Laemostenus (Pristonychus) punctatus (Dejean, 1828) and some of its chemicals against resistant and non-resistant bacteria and Candida species, the synergistic and additive potential of combinations of selected chemicals and antimicrobial drugs against resistant bacterial and fungal strains, anti-adhesive and anti-invasive potential of the secretion and formic acid alone and in selected combinations with antimicrobial drugs against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) toward spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT cells). In addition, we examined the antiproliferative activity of the secretion and formic acid in vitro. The tested secretion and the standards of formic and oleic acids possessed a significant level of antimicrobial potential against all tested strains (P < 0.05). The isolate from guano Pseudomonas monteilii showed the highest resistance to the secretion and formic acid, while MRSA achieved a significantly high level of susceptibility to all agents tested, particularly to the combinations of formic acid and antibiotics, but at the same time showed a certain level of resistance to the antibiotics tested individually. Candida albicans and C. tropicalis were found to be the most sensitive fungal strains to the secretion. Formic acid (MIC 0.0005 mg/mL) and gentamicin (MIC 0.0010 mg/mL) in the mixture achieved synergistic antibacterial activity against MRSA (FICI = 0.5, P < 0.05). The combination of formic acid, gentamicin and ampicillin accomplished an additive effect against this resistant bacterial strain (FICI = 1.5, P < 0.05). The secretion achieved a better inhibitory effect on the adhesion ability of MRSA toward HaCaT cells compared to formic acid alone, while formic acid showed better results regarding the invasion (P < 0.001). The combinations of gentamicin and ampicillin, as well as of formic acid and gentamicin and ampicillin achieved similar anti-adhesive and anti-invasive effects, with a slight advantage of formic acid and antibiotics in combination (P < 0.001). The secretion and formic acid were found to be non-toxic to HaCaT cells in vitro (IC50 ≥ 401 μg/mL).
... The employment of acetic acid efficiently controlled the action of biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from patients with burn injuries (Halstead et al. 2015). Other studies report the efficiency of acetic acid as an antimicrobial agent in several applications, including as a food preservative and control of bovine mastitis (Fraise et al. 2013;Wali and Abed 2019;Pangprasit et al. 2020). Likewise, propionic acid also plays a vital role in microbial control as an individual agent and modulator (Haque et al. 2009;Wang et al. 2014;El-Adawy et al. 2018). ...
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Microbial resistance to drugs is a public health problem; therefore, there is a search for alternatives to replace conventional products with natural agents. One of the potential antimicrobial agents is wood vinegar derived from the carbonization of lignocellulosic raw materials. The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal action of two kinds of wood vinegar (WV), one of Eucalyptus urograndis wood and another of Bambusa vulgaris biomass, and determine their chemical profile. The antimicrobial effect was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were determined. Micrographs of the microorganisms before and after exposure to both kinds of wood vinegar were obtained by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical profile of the eucalyptus and bamboo vinegar was carried out by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Both types of WV presented significant antimicrobial activity, with the bamboo one having a higher efficiency. Both studied pyroligneous extracts seem promising for developing natural antimicrobials due to their efficiency against pathogens. GC/MS analyses demonstrated that the chemical profiles of both kinds of WV were similar but with some significant differences. The major component of the eucalyptus vinegar was furfural (17.2%), while the bamboo WV was phenol (15.3%). Several compounds in both WVs have proven antimicrobial activity, such as acetic acid, furfural, phenol, cresols, guaiacol, and xylenols. Together, they are the major in the chemical composition of the organic fraction of both WVs. Bamboo vinegar had a more expressive content of organic acids. Micrographs of microorganisms taken after exposure to both kinds of wood vinegar displayed several cell modifications. The potential of both types of wood vinegar as a basis for natural antimicrobial products seems feasible due to their proven effect on inhibiting the microorganisms’ growth assessed in this experiment.
... One acetic acid bacterium was isolated and identified as Acetobacter pasteurianus LYC1783 in the final fermentation products. Acetobacter pasteurianus plays an important role in acetic fermentation, and acetic acid has been shown to have good antimicrobial activity against microorganisms [22,23]. This indicates that yeast and lactic acid bacteria are not significantly involved in fermentation. ...
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Chin-shin oolong tea is the most widely planted variety in Taiwan. This study fermented eight whole grains fermentation starter (EGS) with light (LOT), medium (MOT), and fully (FOT) oxidized Chin-shin oolong teas for ten weeks. Comparing the three fermentation beverages, it was found that LOT fermentation can obtain the highest catechins (1644.56 ± 60.15 ppm) among the functional and antioxidant components. MOT can obtain the highest glucuronic acid (19,040.29 ± 2903.91 ppm), tannins, total phenols, flavonoids, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. FOT can obtain the highest GABA (1360.92 ± 123.24 ppm). In addition, both the LOT and MOT showed a significant increase in their ability to scavenge DPPH radicals after fermentation. EGS fermented with lightly or moderately oxidized Chin-shin oolong tea may be considered a novel Kombucha.
... In the particular case of G. biloba, its presence has been documented in ginkgo vinegar (obtained from the ginkgo seed coat by fermentation) [42]. Research has proven that it has good antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (J.Schröter) Migula [43] at 1660 µg·mL −1 . Concerning formic acid 2-methylpropyl ester (or isobutyl formate), it belongs to a family of esters which provide a sweet, floral, and fruity odor and flavor to foods and beverages, without any known antimicrobial properties. ...
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Phytopathogenic bacteria represent a risk to global food production by impacting a variety of crops. The aim of this study was to characterize the contents of bioactive constituents in extracts from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves and fruits and test their activity against six phytopathogenic bacteria that affect horticultural crops. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC−MS) was used for the chemical profiling of the aqueous methanol extracts, and their bacteriostatic activity against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pseudomonas cichorii, Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, and Xanthomonas vesicatoria (formerly Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria) was determined in vitro through the agar dilution method. The protective effect of the leaf extract was tested in vivo against the most relevant bacterial pathogens based on their economic/scientific importance, i.e., C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and P. syringae pv. pisi, in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants, respectively, under greenhouse conditions. The GC−MS characterization of G. biloba extracts revealed the presence of dihydro-4-hydroxy-2(3H)-furanone, 2,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol, catechol, 3-O-methyl-D-fructose, 4,6-di-O-methyl-α-D-galactose, methyl 2-O-methyl-α-D-xylofuranoside, and 3-methyl mannoside. In vitro growth inhibition tests showed that, while the fruit extract had no activity, the leaf extract exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations between 500 and 1000 μg mL−1, which may be attributed to the presence of 2,4-dimethyl-3-hexanol and catechol. In vivo tests of the leaf extract demonstrated full protection in tomato and pea plants at 1000 and 1500 μg∙mL−1, respectively. The results indicate that G. biloba leaves may be employed as a biorational source for integrated pest management in horticulture.
... H. tiliaceus leaves showed very good results against all gram positives and gram-negative bacteria tested [11]. Sodium tripolyphosphate excellent in inhibits the growth of several gram-negative and positive bacteria [12]. Acetic acid has been shown to have good antibacterial activity against micro-organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa [13]. ...
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This research aims to know the influence of suspension compared to its crude extract on antibacterial activity, especially for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. An independent t-test was used as statistical analysis. The yield of the thick extract obtained was 11.153 % ± 1.032 % and it gave an inhibition zone of 7.878 mm ± 0.301 mm for Escherichia coli and 7.484 mm ± 0.636 mm for Staphylococcus aureus. While the suspensions gave an inhibitory zone of 6.293 mm ± 0.754 mm and 5.140 mm ± 0.121 mm for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in sequence. The extract’s particle size followed by suspension was 951.167 mm ± 113.662 nm and 474.000 mm ± 38.500 nm. The independent t-test results showed that the extract and suspension significantly influenced the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli with sig values of 0.012 and 0.028. In conclusion, the extract had a greater effect than the suspension on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.
... Furthermore, the GC-MS chromatogram of H. atra confirmed the existence of several important compounds with biological activity, including fatty acids and fatty acid esters. Such compounds were discovered using spectrometry and GC and have been reported to possess significant biological activities (Fraise et al. 2013). For example, 9-Octadecenoic acid and its methyl ester showed antimicrobial and anticancer activity (Muflihunna et al. 2021), n-Hexadecanoic acid, oleic Acid, and octadecanoic acid had antioxidant activity (Prakash et al. 2011). ...
... Acetic acid, the active component of vinegar, has been used as a disinfectant for thousands of years to eliminate bacteria from fresh products [15] and is an effective disinfectant against mycobacterial infection [16]. Furthermore, previous studies have reported anti-viral activities of acetic acid [17][18][19]. In our study, we used white distilled vinegar (acetic acid concentration 6%) as a hand spray to show virucidal activity to inactivate SARS-CoV [17]. ...
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Effective measures are needed to prevent the spread and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. Chemical inactivation may help to prevent the spread and transmission of this and other viruses. Hence, we tested the SARS-CoV-2 antiviral activity of acetic acid, the main component of vinegar, in vitro. Inactivation and binding assays suggest that acetic acid is virucidal. We found that 6% acetic acid, a concentration typically found in white distilled vinegar, effectively inactivated SARS-CoV-2 after 15-min incubation with a complete loss of replication of competent virus as measured by TCID50. Transmission electron microscopy further demonstrated that 6% acetic acid disrupts SARS-CoV-2 virion structure. In addition, 6% acetic acid significantly inhibits and disrupts the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2, the primary SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor, after contact with spike protein for 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes incubation. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that acetic acid possesses inactivating activity against SARS-CoV-2 and may represent a safe alternative to commonly used chemical disinfectants to effectively control the spread of SARS-CoV-2.
... However, no significant difference was observed in the diversity of the skin microbiome between the AD patients and healthy subjects at baseline (Luu et al., 2021). Therefore, the inhibitory effect of apple cider vinegar on S. aureus growth may depend on the bacterial strain and the levels of acetate (Fraise et al., 2013). On the other hand, in mice with IMQ-induced skin inflammation, topical injection of acetate led to further exacerbation of skin inflammation (Nadeem et al., 2017). ...
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Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolites of gut microbes that can modulate the host inflammatory response, and contribute to health and homeostasis. Since the introduction of the gut-skin axis concept, the link between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases has attracted considerable attention. In this review, we have summarized the literature on the role of SCFAs in skin inflammation, and the correlation between SCFAs and inflammatory skin diseases, especially atopic dermatitis, urticaria, and psoriasis. Studies show that SCFAs are signaling factors in the gut-skin axis and can alleviate skin inflammation. The information presented in this review provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving gut-skin axis regulation, along with possible pathways that can be targeted for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory skin diseases.
... are considered to be the main spoilage organisms, while Gram-positive bacteria are responsible for spoilage under vacuum packaging and other modified-atmospheric packaging conditions. Acetic acid and its related salts are widely used as acidulants and antimicrobials [8]. Several epidemiologic studies have indicated associations between consumption of raw red and processed meats and increased risk of colorectal, Stomach and Pancreatic cancers [9][10][11], cardiovascular diseases and other causes of death [12]. ...
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Strict application of the international standards requirements for food processing plants is deemed essential for public health and food trade. This is a cross-sectional analytic study that investigates the presence of pathogenies in raw beef (RB) from local slaughterhouses and in beef products (BP) from local meat processing plants (MPPs) in Khartoum state and their conformity to both requirements of national and international standards to ensure their safety. Additionally, determination of nitrite residual levels and nitrosamines content in processed meat products. A total of 140 raw and processed beef samples were examined from four MPPs. The BP samples are; beef burger, hotdog, mortadella, frankfurter, pasterma, sausage, and salami. The results showed frequencies bacterial isolates in RB were belonged to twenty-three genera as follows: Staphylococcus aureus (65%), Aerococcus spp (62.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.5%), Pasteurella multocida (42.5%), Micrococcus spp (40%), Salmonella spp (40%), E. coli (35%), Proteus vulgaris (32.5%), Acinetobacter spp (30%), Bordetella parapertucis (27.5%), Kurthia spp (22.5%), Streptococcus spp (22.5%), Corynebacterium ovis (17.5%), Listeria monocytogenes (17.5%.), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%), Bacillus cereus (12.5%), Sterptobacillus spp (12.5%), Haemophilus spp (7.5%), Rothia spp (7.5%), Nocardia asteroids (7.5%), Aeromonas spp (2.5%) Alcaligenes faecalis (2.5%), and Hafnia.alvei (2.5%). While, the BP samples revealed presence of S. aureus (82.5%), P. vulgaris (45%), E. coli (32.5%), B. cereus (32.5%), L. monocytogenes (7.5%), and P. aeruginosa (2.5%). The levels of residual nitrite ranged (0.00 – 0.99), (1.00 – 1.99), (2.00 – 2.99), (3.00 – 3.99), (4.00– 4.99), (5.00 – 5.99), (6.00 – 6.99), and (7.00->) mg/kg. in 49, 25, 13, 6, 2, 3, 1, and 1% of BP, respectively. Moreover, the detection of nine volatile N-nitrosamine compounds which are classified by IARC as probably carcinogenic to humans in PB samples exhibited concentration levels of N-nitrosodin-butylamine (0.41-91µgkg), N-nitrosodi-ethylamine(9-182µg/kg), N-nitrosodi-methylamine, (1.4-250µg/kg), N-nitrosodi-phenylam-ine (0.7-109µg/kg), N-nitrosodin-propylamine (5-250µg/kg), N-nitroso-methylethylamine (33-191µg/kg), N-nitroso-morpholine (2.4-305µg/kg), N-nitroso-piperidine (25.4-432µg/kg), N-nitroso-pyrrolidine (29-1033µg/kg). The findings revealed that RB has high pathogens load, a situation which necessitates improvement of hygiene in the slaughterhouses as well as, the nitrosamines contents in the BP were in compliance with the regulations of the European Union and FAO/WHO.
... Furthermore, Acetic acid had good activity against clinical and type strains of P. aeruginosa at concentrations as low as 0.17%, while 0.31% inhibits MSSA and A. baumannii [27]. Kim et al. [28] [29]. ...
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Torch ginger (Etlingera elatior) flowers are well known for their antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, however, the active compounds are still unknown. The purpose of this study was to conduct GC-MS-based metabolite profiling of torch ginger flower and identify compounds correlated with its S. aureus antibacterial activity using Orthogonal Projection to Latent Structure (OPLS). Using the well diffusion method, the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract, hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate fractions with a concentration of 80 mg/mL were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibited S. aureus growth the most (diameter of inhibition zone, DIZ 13.00-13.20 mm), while the hexane (DIZ 9.55-10.05 mm) and chloroform (DIZ 10.00-11.00 mm) fractions had moderate inhibitory activity, but the ethanol extract had no antibacterial effect. Using OPLS analysis, the GC-MS metabolite profile of all extracts and fractions was linked with the profile of antibacterial activity. This analysis revealed that Dodecanoic acid, 5-Tetradecene, and n-Hexadecanoic acid were identified as the compounds that were significantly connected with antibacterial activity.
... The Chitosan solvent used in this study was acetic acid. Acetic acid also provides antibacterial activity (Fraise et al., 2013). Figure 7 shows the antibacterial activity of S. aureus is greater than the antibacterial activity of E. coli. ...
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This study synthesized silver N-methyl chitosan (Ag-NMC) and tested it for its antimicrobial and antifungal activity. Ag-NMC was characterized by FTIR, XRD, measured for its molecular weight (MW), solubility, and toxicity. The antimicrobial activity was tested by the agar diffusion method, determining the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria, and determining the Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) against the fungus Candida albicans. The results showed that Ag-NMC had MW, solubility, and LC50 of 555.65 g/mol, 50 mg/mL, 945,492 mg/L, respectively. The diameter of the inhibition zone from the resulting diffusion test showed that Ag-NMC had better antimicrobial activity than N-methyl chitosan (NMC) and chitosan. The MIC, MBC, and MFC values of Ag-NMC were always lower than that of NMC and chitosan.
... After stirring, the solutions were filtered (0.45 µm filter) to remove contaminants and stored at 4 °C. Acetic acid itself has a good antimicrobial activity, depending on the concentration and for this reason, in this work, we tested also acetic acid alone as control 89,90 . Particularly, for agar diffusion tests, serial dilutions were made, obtaining concentrations including 2.5, 1.25, 0.6, 0.3 and 0.15 mg/ml of chitosan (both from H. illucens and commercial). ...
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Growing antimicrobial resistance has prompted researchers to identify new natural molecules with antimicrobial potential. In this perspective, attention has been focused on biopolymers that could also be functional in the medical field. Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth and with its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, has several applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Currently, the main source of chitin is the crustacean exoskeleton, but the growing demand for these polymers on the market has led to search for alternative sources. Among these, insects, and in particular the bioconverter Hermetia illucens , is one of the most bred. Chitin can be extracted from larvae, pupal exuviae and dead adults of H. illucens , by applying chemical methods, and converted into chitosan. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed the identity of the chitosan produced from H. illucens and its structural similarity to commercial polymer. Recently, studies showed that chitosan has intrinsic antimicrobial activity. This is the first research that investigated the antibacterial activity of chitosan produced from the three developmental stages of H. illucens through qualitative and quantitative analysis, agar diffusion tests and microdilution assays, respectively. Our results showed the antimicrobial capacity of chitosan of H. illucens, opening new perspectives for its use in the biological area.
... It also acts against other Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant strains), and Acinetobacter baumannii. 8 It kills planktonic bacteria and eradicates bacteria growing in mature biofilms. 9,10 Advantages 1. ...
... Then, there were few investigations on the bioactivities of volatile components extracted from mushrooms. In the present study, some interesting active components were revealed, for example, acetic acid, as the most abundant volatile compounds of P. portentosus and C. yunnanensis, has demonstrated good antibacterial activity against micro-organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa [18]; hexanal, as one of the main volatile compounds of these two mushrooms, has been shown to have good inhibition activity against Aspergillus niger [19],1octen-3-o1 was proved to have the ability of inhibition the mycelial growth of Penicillium expansum [20]; isovaleric acid, as one of the main volatile compounds of P. portentosus and C. yunnanensis, might be related to prevent chikungunya virus infection [21],heptanal extracted from C. yunnanensis has been shown to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus by disturbance of plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial function and antioxidant enzyme activity [22]. And then, previous studies showed that nonanoic acid, 9-oxo-,methyl ester, extracted from C. yunnanensis, have the great scavenging power on DPPH [23]. ...
Article
A headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the profile of the volatile components that accounted for the aroma of two edible mushrooms, viz. Phlebopus portentosus and Cantharellus yunnanensis. There were 51 and 69 volatile compounds identified from P. portentosus and C. yunnanensis, respectively. These compounds were mainly acids, hydrocarbons, ketones, esters, aldehydes, and alcohols, of which acetic acid was most abundant among these volatile components. Onanoic acid, 9-oxo-,methyl ester, 2-pentyl-furan, and 5,6-dihydro-2 pyranone were discovered in the mushrooms for the first time, and the volatile compounds of C. yunnanensis was also investigated for the first time. In addition, the volatile compounds of P. portentosus and C. yunnanensis were analyzed by principal components analysis (PCA). The findings reveal the differences among samples and provide the basic data for the chemotaxonomy in studying P. portentosus and C. yunnanensis.
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Stingless bees (Hymenoptera; Apidae; Meliponini), with a biodiversity of 605 species, harvest and transport corbicula pollen to the nest, like Apis mellifera, but process and store the pollen in cerumen pots instead of beeswax combs. Therefore, the meliponine pollen processed in the nest was named pot-pollen instead of bee bread. Pot-pollen has nutraceutical properties for bees and humans; it is a natural medicinal food supplement with applications in health, food science, and technology, and pharmaceutical developments are promising. Demonstrated synergism between Tetragonisca angustula pot-pollen ethanolic extracts, and antibiotics against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria revealed potential to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Reviewed pot-pollen VOC richness was compared between Australian Austroplebeia australis (27), Tetragonula carbonaria (31), and Tetragonula hogkingsi (28), as well as the Venezuelan Tetragonisca angustula (95). Bioactivity and olfactory attributes of the most abundant VOCs were revisited. Bibliometric analyses with the Scopus database were planned for two unrelated topics in the literature for potential scientific advances. The top ten most prolific authors, institutions, countries, funding sponsors, and sources engaged to disseminate original research and reviews on pot-pollen (2014–2023) and direct injection food flavor (1976–2023) were ranked. Selected metrics and plots were visualized using the Bibliometrix-R package. A scholarly approach gained scientific insight into the interaction between an ancient fermented medicinal pot-pollen and a powerful bioanalytical technique for fermented products, which should attract interest from research teams for joint projects on direct injection in pot-pollen flavor, and proposals on stingless bee nest materials. Novel anti-antimicrobial-resistant agents and synergism with conventional antibiotics can fill the gap in the emerging potential to overcome antimicrobial resistance.
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Curcuminoids, known for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties, face challenges in medical applications due to their limited water solubility, resulting in poor bioavailability and clinical efficacy. This study introduces a novel approach to formulating 3D printing ink for personalized wound dressings by utilizing hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) to incorporate poorly water-soluble compounds from Curcuma longa (i.e., curcuminoids and ar-turmerone) into hydrogels. The use of HDES, comprising either acetic acid or octanoic acid combined with menthol in a 2 : 1 molar ratio, significantly improved the solubility of curcuminoid derivatives and ar-turmerone by approximately 10 to 600 times, depending on the intrinsic chemical polarities of each compound, compared to conventional extraction solvents (i.e., ethanol and water). By formulating an emulgel using HDES as the oil phase in a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) solution stabilized by a biocompatible surfactant, we achieved a 3D biocompatible printing ink with preserved rheological characteristics, enabling the production of personalized wound dressings using a custom-designed, syringe-based 3D printer. The emulgel constructs exhibited regulated swelling profiles, prolonged release of curcuminoids over 60 days as monitored by a Franz cell diffusion assay, and promoted human dermal fibroblast proliferation in vitro. Additionally, the emulgel components worked synergistically with curcuminoids to significantly enhance anti-biofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, offering an effective strategy to prevent wound infections. Our findings have demonstrated, for the first time, the formulation of biochemical ink for 3D printing harnessing HDES, providing a new pathway for developing advanced wound dressings with relatively high concentrations of poorly soluble plant bioactive compounds tailored for chronic wound management.
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Tarihçe ve Gıda Mikrobiyolojisinin Gelişimi Aysun ORAÇ Gıdalarda Bulunan Mikroorganizmaların Özellikleri Şebnem ÖZTÜRKOĞLU BUDAK Ceren AKAL Gıdalardaki Önemli Mikroorganizma Grupları Kübra ERYAŞAR ÖRER Ercan SARICA Gıdalarda Bulunan Mikroorganizmaların Kaynakları Ezgi TELLİ Yusuf BİÇER Gıdalarda Mikrobiyal Gelişimi Etkileyen Faktörler Hale İnci ÖZTÜRK Gıdalarda Mikrobiyal Gelişme Kinetiği Sencer BUZRUL Starter Kültürler ve Gıdaların Fermentasyonunda Kullanılan Mikroorganizmalar Enes DERTLİ Fatma Nur DEMİRBAŞ Probiyotikler ve Yeni Nesil Probiyotikler Talha DEMİRCİ Mikrobiyal Orijinli Gıda Biyokoruyucuları Çiğdem KONAK GÖKTEPE Mikrobiyal Orijinli Gıda Bileşenleri Mehmet YÜKSEL Gıda Mikroorganizmalarının Tespiti ve TanımlanmasındaKullanılan Yöntemler Onur BULUT Gıdalarda Bozulmaya Neden Olan Mikroorganizmalar Ayça GEDİKOĞLU Hale İnci ÖZTÜRK Gıda Kaynaklı Mikrobiyal Hastalıklar Aysun ORAÇ Gıdalarda Mikrobiyal İnaktivasyon Sencer BUZRUL
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