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Review of Shavasana Studies Conducted at JIPMER During 2001-2002y
Abstract
The modern age is the age of stress and stress-induced disorders pose a great challenge to the present society. Yogic techniques in general and shavasan in particular are known to improvepsychosomatic health and enhance one’s ability to withstand and combat stressful situations. Shavasan is a classical yogic technique whose effectiveness in producing psychosomatic relaxation has been well documented. Shavasan has also been found to be useful inpsychosomatic ailments such as hypertension and bronchial asthma. It has been reported that shavasan produces a significant decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. However most of the previous studies were based on training of longer duration. As no study has been done to determine the effectiveness of shavasan training of short duration on physiological functions, we planned to determine the effectiveness of shavasan training of short duration. In one study, shavasan training of seven days enhanced one’s ability to respond to stressful stimuli as documented by response to cold pressor test. In a second study, shavasan training of four weeks normalized the sympathetic response to isometric handgrip in hypertensive patients. In these patients there was also a significant reduction in resting blood pressure, heart rate and rate- pressure-product. In a third study, shavasan training for six weeks increased the heart rate variability in normal young adults signifying an improved cardiac modulation by autonomic nervous system.
... [4] The physiological effects produced vary on the type of pranayama performed. [5][6][7] Studies report that slow and fast types of pranayama have different physiological effects in healthy subjects. [5] Furthermore, pranayama has a variable effect on cardiac and pulmonary function parameters. ...
... [5][6][7] Studies report that slow and fast types of pranayama have different physiological effects in healthy subjects. [5] Furthermore, pranayama has a variable effect on cardiac and pulmonary function parameters. [8] Slow and deep breathing is efficient as it reduces the ventilation in the dead space of the lungs. ...
Context:
Different types of breathing exercises have varied effects on cardiovascular parameters and the stress levels in an individual.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a modified form of isolated alternate nostril, slow breathing exercise on perceived stress, and cardiovascular parameters in young, male volunteers.
Settings and design:
This was a randomized control study carried out at Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research, Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry in 2014.
Subjects and methods:
Hundred healthy male volunteers were randomized into control group, n = 50 and slow breathing group (study), n = 50. Slow breathing exercise training was given to study group for 30 min a day, 5 times/week for 12 weeks, under the supervision of certified yoga trainers. Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) using Cohen's questionnaire, anthropometric parameters such as body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and cardiovascular parameters such as heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded at baseline and after 12 weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. Slow breathing exercise training was provided for the study group. During the study period, one volunteer opted out of the study group due to personal reasons.
Results:
HR, SBP, DBP, and PSS decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in the study group following 12 weeks slow breathing exercise training, while no significant change (P > 0.05) was observed in BMI and WHR. There was no significant change in the control group.
Conclusion:
Twelve weeks of modified slow breathing exercise reduced perceived stress and improved the cardiovascular parameters. The above results indicate that our modified slow breathing exercise is effective in reducing stress and improving the cardiovascular parameters.
... Pranayama also can be practiced slowly or rapidly and with or without breathholding [4]. The physiological effects produced differ based on the duration, pace, and incorporation of breath holding in both healthy and diseased subjects [5][6][7]. The effects of pranayama on cardiac and pulmonary functions also differ based on the type of pranayama practiced [8]. ...
Different types of breathing exercise have varied effects on pulmonary function parameters in an individual. To study the effect of a modified Slow breathing exercise on pulmonary function parameters in adult Males. Settings and Design: This was a randomized control, interventional study carried out at Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research (ACYTER), Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. Materials and Methods: Hundred healthy, male volunteers were recruited and randomized into control group, n=50 and Modified Slow breathing exercise(study), n=50. Modified Slow breathing exercise training was given to the study group for 30 minutes a day, 5 times/week for a total period of 12 weeks, under supervision of certified yoga trainers. Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced end expiratory volume at the end of 1 sec (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), Forced expiratory flow 25-75% (FEF25-75) were recorded at baseline and after 12 weeks. No intervention was given for control group. Statistical analysis was done using appropriate analytical methods by SPSS software ver.19.0. Results: FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75 decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the study group following 12 weeks of modified Anuloma Viloma pranayama. No significant change was observed in the control group. Conclusion: Twelve weeks of modified Slow breathing exercise significantly improved the pulmonary function parameters. This indicates that our modified alternate nostril breathing exercise is equally effective in improving the pulmonary function parameters.
It is an investigation to evaluate the adequacy of moderate breathing on worry among ladies with hypertension in a chosen village, in Thiruvallur region adjacent to Chennai city. Objective: The principal goal of the investigation was to survey the adequacy of moderate breathing on worry among ladies with hypertension in a chosen town in the Thiruvallur area of Tamil Nadu. Methods: Quasi-trial, one gathering pre- and post-test configuration was utilised in the current investigation. The current examination was done in a chosen town in Tamil Nadu. The sample included 30 ladies with hypertension, those that satisfied the consideration measures. Information was gathered from the members by making use of a self-controlled inquiry to gather the segment of information and an altered apparent pressure scale was used to evaluate the circulatory strain. At that point, 5 minutes of profound breathing activity (6 breaths per each minute in an agreeable position) was allowed twice every day with the immediate oversight for seven days. Results: The outcome demonstrated that pre- and post-test mean contrast was 8 with S.D of 2.20 and paired t value = 3.05, which was found factually noteworthy at p<0.05. Consequently, the score demonstrated that there was critical mean contrast between the pre- and post-test anxiety at p<0.05 level. It was presumed that the moderate breathing has an impact on controlling worry among ladies with hypertension. Keywords: Slow breathing, stress, moderate breathing, hypertension.
Yoga is a way of life based on sound philosophy and scientific evidence. Being holistic, it is an ideal way to promote health and prevent disease. Although yoga is beneficial for all ages, it is highly recommended for adolescents. Adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood is characterized by rapid biological and psychological growth and development. It can be a tumultuous stage in one’s life. Adolescents frequently experience physical and mental health problems and yoga is ideal to manage them. In the past decade we have conducted many studies on the immediate, short term and long term effects of yoga training on adolescent subjects of Pondicherry. These studies have been conducted at the Jawaharlal Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry through CCRYN, ICMR and DSTE sponsored projects as well as in the Advanced Centre for Yoga Therapy Education and Research (ACYTER), a collaborative venture between JIPMER and Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY), New Delhi. These studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of yoga training on physiological functions and general health of the adolescent subjects.
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