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LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
This article series is part of an ongoing study of
the orchid ora of the country (Bogarín et al. 2008).
As mentioned in the rst installment, the development
of a living collection of native orchids has been an
invaluable tool for the inventory efforts that have
resulted in a rapid increase in the knowledge of the
Costa Rican orchid ora. This approach has proven to
be much more effective than studying only herbarium
material.
Since the latest treatment of the Orchidaceae in the
“Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica” (referred to as the
“Manual” throughout this paper; Dressler 2003), many
species were reported or described from Costa Rica.
A few hundred novelties (both nomenclatural and
taxonomic) in some 50 genera were published since
the Manual was printed. Most are actually just new
names for known species and therefore do not account
for a net increase in the number of species, however
about half (ca. 130) are true novelties and reect an
increase in Costa Rican orchid diversity. A summary
of all articles that have appeared since the publication
of the Manual and include species descriptions or
nomenclatural changes affecting Costa Rican orchid
taxa is presented in Table 1.
Novelties were described from remote areas and
from relatively well-botanized sites, and frequently
citing few herbarium specimens. For example, only
two plants of Acianthera cabiriae Pupulin, G.A.Rojas
& J.D.Zuñiga were ever found at the well botanized
site of CATIE, Turrialba (Pupulin et al. 2007).
On the other hand, several plants of Pleurothallis
adventurae Karremans & Bogarín were found growing
LANKESTERIANA 12(1): 19—51. 2012.
NEW SPECIES ANd RECORdS OF ORChIdACEAE FROM COSTA RICA. II
adaM P. KarrEMans1,2,3,6, diEGo boGarín1,2,4, MElania FErnándEz1,4,
cHristina M. sMitH1 & Mario a. blanco1,5
1 Jardín Botánico Lankester, Universidad de Costa Rica, P. O. Box 302-7050 Cartago, Costa Rica
2 Centro de Investigación en Orquídeas de los Andes “Ángel Andreetta”,
Universidad Alfredo Pérez Guerrero, Ecuador
3 NCB Naturalis - NHN Universiteit Leiden, The Netherlands
4 Herbario UCH, Universidad Autónoma de Chiriquí, David, Panama
5 Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica
6 Corresponding author: adam.karremans@ucr.ac.cr
abstract. After the publication of the most recent and comprehensive treatment of the Orchidaceae in the
Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, new species continue being discovered in the country on a regular basis.
Novelties in Acianthera, Epidendrum, Lepanthes, Masdevallia, Pleurothallis, and Specklinia are discussed.
We present eight new records including the reconsideration of Epidendrum concavilabium (as different from
E. circinatum), and the rst record of the genus Epistephium (E. ellipticum) for the country. Three new taxa,
Epidendrum alieniferum, Epidendrum × sandiorum (a putative natural hybrid between E. oerstedii and E.
ciliare) and Lepanthes kabebatae are described.
rEsuMEn. Después de la publicación del tratamiento más reciente y completo de Orchidaceae en el Manual de
Plantas de Costa Rica, nuevas especies siguen descubriéndose con regularidad en el país. Se discuten novedades
en Acianthera, Epidendrum, Lepanthes, Masdevallia, Pleurothallis y Specklinia. Presentamos ocho nuevos
registros incluyendo la reconsideración de Epidendrum concavilabium (como distinto de E. circinatum) y el
primer registro del género Epistephium (E. ellipticum) en el país. Se describen tres nuevos taxones, Epidendrum
alieniferum, Epidendrum × sandiorum (un híbrido natural putativo entre E. oerstedii y E. ciliare) y Lepanthes
kabebatae.
KEy words: Epidendrum alieniferum, Epidendrum × sandiorum, Lepanthes kabebatae, Epistephium,
Orchidaceae, new records, new species, Costa Rica
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
20 LANKESTERIANA
tablE 1. List of orchid genera cited in the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica for which species have been added and/or
removed. The reference is given to every nomenclatural modication. Abbreviations NC= Name Change; NR= New
Record; NS= New Species; Y= Increase in net species number; N= No increase in net species number.
Genus Reference Category
Acianthera Pupulin, Rojas & Zúñiga 2007; Bogarín et al. 2008 NS-Y
Anathallis Luer 2006 NR-Y
Aspidogyne Ormerod 2007; Ormerod 2009 NS-Y
Barbosella Bogarín et al. 2008 NR-Y
Brassia Christenson 2003b; Pupulin & Bogarín 2005a NC/NS-Y
Campylocentrum Pupulin & Bogarín 2010b NC/NS/NR-Y
Chondroscaphe Pupulin 2005a; Pupulin et al. 2009. NC/NS-N
Cischweina Christenson 2003a; Dressler & Dalström 2004 NC/NS-N
Coccineorchis Rutkowski et al. 2004 NS-Y
Coryanthes Gerlach & Dressler 2003; Gerlach & Romero-González 2008 NC/NS-N
Crossoglossa Pupulin & Karremans 2010a NS-Y
Cyrtopodium Romero-González & Carnevali 1999 NC-N
Dichaea Pupulin 2005a; Pupulin 2005b; Pupulin 2005c; Dressler, Pupulin & Folsom
2006; Pupulin 2007 NC/NS-N
Dracontia Karremans in press; Karremans & Smith in press NC/NS-N
Dryadella Luer 2005 NC-N
Brenesia Bogarín et al. 2008 NR-Y
Elleanthus Dressler & Bogarín 2007; Dressler & Bogarín 2010 NS-Y
Encyclia Pupulin 2006 NS-Y
Epidendrum Bogarín et al. 2008; Hágsater 2003; 2004; 2006; 2007; 2008; 2009;
Karremans & Hágsater 2010; Pupulin & Karremans 2010b NC/NS/NR-Y
Galeandra Pupulin 2005a NS-Y
Gongora Jenny 2007 NS-Y
Habenaria Batista et al. 2011 -
Kefersteinia Pupulin & Merino 2008 NS-Y
Kraenzlinella Luer 2011 NS-Y
Kreodanthus Ormerod 2008 NS-Y
Lepanthes Blanco 2003; Bogarín & Fernández 2010; Bogarín & Pupulin 2010a;
2011; Pupulin 2003a; Pupulin & Bogarín 2004; 2010a; 2011a; 2011b;
2012; Pupulin, Bogarín & Jiménez 2009; Pupulin, Medina & Bogarín
2010; Pupulin, Bogarín & Smith 2010 NS/NR-Y
Lockhartia Bogarín et al. 2008 NR-Y
Lycaste Bogarín 2007; Oakeley 2008 NC/NS-Y
Masdevallia Smith & Pupulin in prep. NS-Y
Maxillaria Pupulin 2003b; Bogarín et al. 2008 NS/NR-Y
Microchilus Ormerod 2004; 2005; 2007 NC/NS-Y
Mormolyca Bogarín & Pupulin 2010 NS-Y
Myoxanthus Bogarín et al. 2008; Pupulin, Bogarín & Fernández 2010b NS/NR-Y
Octomeria Luer 2010 NR-Y
Ornithidium Blanco et al. 2008a NR-Y
Ornithocephalus Pupulin 2002a NS-Y
Palmorchis Bainbridge & Aguilar 2008 NR-Y
Panmorphia Luer 2006 NR-Y
Phragmipedium Christenson 2006a; Pupulin & Dressler 2011 NC-N
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 21
tablE 1. Continues.
on a tree just outside of a shelter cabin close to the
Panamanian border in the Cordillera de Talamanca, in
a less intensely explored region. No material of either
species was found in any of the main Costa Rican
herbaria (CR, INB, JBL, USJ), which indicates that
some species might be both conspicuous and relatively
frequent but grow in relatively unexplored regions,
while others might occur in more frequented sites but
be scarce and/or inconspicuous.
In addition to novelties, important nomenclatural
changes were proposed for many orchid taxa present
in Costa Rica in the last decade. Proposals to split
Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav.,
Pleurothallis R.Br. and Prosthechea Knowles &
Westc. are the ones that account for most of the new
combinations. A summary of these proposed generic
segregates is presented in Table 2. On the other hand
proposals to reduce several genera to the synonymy
of others were also published; most notable are the
inclusion of Oerstedella Rchb.f. in Epidendrum L.,
Sigmatostalix Rchb.f. in Oncidium Sw. and Stellilabium
Schltr. in Telipogon Kunth. A summary of those
proposed generic “lumpings” is presented in Table 3.
All in all, close to half of the orchid genera accepted
in the Manual have either gained and/or lost species
due to generic transfers, species descriptions and/or
reduction to synonymy. Given the steady discovery of
novelties and phylogenetic reconstructions based on
DNA, any published orchid inventory for Costa Rica
becomes outdated in a matter of a few years. Bogarín
(2011) listed ca. 200 new names published for the
Costa Rican orchid ora between 2001 and 2008. If
that tendency is maintained, which is a likely scenario,
in a couple of decades the number of known orchid
species in the country will exceed 2000.
As part of routine botanical exploration, documen-
tation, and identication of orchids at Lankester
Botanical Garden, more novelties continue to
accumulate. On that note, we reveal the following new
records from Costa Rica. Most of these were discovered
from the direct study of live material; in all cases
additional specimens were sought in the main Costa
Rican herbaria (CR, INB, JBL, USJ) and, if found, are
cited in the corresponding accounts presented below.
Genus Reference Category
Platystele Bogarín & Karremans 2010 NS-Y
Platythelys Ormerod 2007 NS-Y
Pleurothallis Karremans & Bogarín 2011; Karremans & Muñoz 2011; Luer 2002;
Pupulin & Zúñiga 2007; Pupulin, Bogarín & Fernández 2010a; NS-Y
Polycycnis Gerlach 2004 NC/NS-N
Polystachya Mytnik-Ejsmont 2011 NR-Y
Prosthechea Pupulin 2004 NS-Y
Restrepiella Pupulin & Bogarín 2007 NS-Y
Scaphyglottis Dressler 2004a; Bogarín et al. 2008 NS/NR-Y
Scelochilus Pupulin & Bogarín 2005b NC-N
Sigmatostalix Pupulin & Rojas 2006 NS-Y
Sobralia Bogarín et al. 2008; Dressler 2002; 2007; Dressler & Pupulin 2008;
Dressler & Bogarín 2010; 2011 NC/NS/NR-Y
Specklinia Luer 2006 NR-Y
Stanhopea Gerlach & Beeche 2004 NC-N
Stenorrhynchos Christenson 2005 NC/NS-Y
Stellilabium Pupulin 2003b; Pupulin 2003c; Pupulin & Blanco 2002 NS-Y
Trichopilia Dressler & Pupulin 2005; 2006; Dressler & Bogarín 2009 NC/NS-Y
Trichosalpinx Fernández 2011; Fernández & Bogarín 2012 NS-Y
Trigonidium Christenson 2002 NC-N
Vanilla Soto Arenas & Dressler 2010 NC/NS-Y
Warmingia Bogarín et al. 2008 NC-N
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
22 LANKESTERIANA
tablE 2. List of orchid genera cited in the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica which have been split by recent authors.
Segregate genera are given for each generic name accepted in the Manual.
Genus Segregate Genera Reference
Cattleya Guarianthe Dressler & W.E.Higgins Dressler & Higgins 2003
Chondrorhyncha Benzingia Dodson Romero-González & Dodson 2010
Daiotyla Dressler Whitten et al. 2005
Stenotyla Dressler Whitten et al. 2005
Elleanthus Adeneleuterophora Barb. Rodr. Dudek & Szlachetko 2010
Epylina Schltr. Dudek & Szlachetko 2010
Evelyna Poepp. & Endl. Dudek & Szlachetko 2010
Eltroplectris Callistanthos Szlach. Szlachetko & Rutkowski 2008
Epidendrum Coilostylis Raf. Whitner & Harding 2004
Erythrodes Aspidogyne Garay Ormerod 2007; Ormerod 2009
Kreodanthus Garay Ormerod 2008
Microchilus C.Presl Ormerod 2002
Platythelys Garay Ormerod 2007
Galeottiella Funkiella Schltr. Solano et al. 2011
Habenaria Bertauxia Szlach. Szlachetko 2004a
Habenella Small Szlachetko & Kras 2006
Platantheroides Szlach. Szlachetko 2004b
Kefersteinia Senghasia Szlach etko Szlachetko 2003; Szlachetko, Kulak & Romowicz 2006.
Lycaste Selbyana Archila Archila 2010
Malaxis Microstylis (Nutt.) Eaton Szlachetko & Margońska 2006
Masdevallia Acinopetala Luer Luer 2006
Alaticaulia Luer Luer 2006
Buccella Luer Luer 2006
Diodonopsis Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Pridgeon & Chase 2001
Fissia (Luer) Luer Luer 2006
Reichantha Luer Luer 2006
Spilotantha Luer Luer 2006
Zahleria (Luer) Luer 2006
Maxillaria Adamanthus Szlach. Szlachetko & Śmiszek 2006
Camaridium Lindl. Blanco et al. 2007
Christensonella Szlach., Mytnik, Górniak & Śmiszek Szlachetko, Mytnik, Górniak & Śmiszek 2006
Heterotaxis Lindl. Ojeda, Carnevali & Romero 2005
Inti M.A.Blanco Blanco et al. 2007
Mapinguari Carnevali & R.B.Singer Blanco et al. 2007
Maxillariella M.A.Blanco & Carnevali Blanco et al. 2007
Mormolyca Fenzl Blanco et al. 2007
Nitidobulbon Ojeda, Carnevali & G.A.Romero Ojeda, Carnevali & Romero 2009
Ornithidium Salisb. ex R. Br. Blanco et al. 2007
Rhetinantha M.A.Blanco Blanco et al. 2007
Sauvetrea Szlach. Blanco et al. 2007
Oncidium Brevilongium Christenson Christenson 2006b
Chelyorchis Dressler & N.H.Williams Dressler & Williams 2000; Carnevali et al. 2009
Heteranthocidium Szlach., Mytnik & Romowicz Szlachetko, Mytnik & Romowicz 2006
Otoglossum (Schltr.) Garay & Dunst. Williams et al. 2001
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
23
Genus Segregate Genera Reference
Oncidium Rossioglossum (Schltr.) Garay & G.C.Kenn. Chase et al. 2008
Stacyella Szlach. Szachetko 2006
Trichocentrum Poepp. & Endl. Williams et al. 2001
Vitekorchis Romowicz & Szlach. Romowicz & Szachetko 2006.
Pleurothallis Aberrantia Luer Luer 2005
Acronia C.Presl Luer 2005
Acianthera Scheidw. Pridgeon & Chase 2001; Solano et al. 2011
Anathallis Barb.Rod. Pridgeon & Chase 2001; Hágsater & Soto 2003
Ancipitia (Luer) Luer Luer 2004
Apoda-prorepentia (Luer) Luer Luer 2004
Crocodeilanthe Rchb.f. & Warsz. Luer 2004
Didactylus Luer Luer 2005
Dracontia (Luer) Luer Luer 2004
Echinella Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Pridgeon & Chase 2001
Echinosepala Pridgeon & M.W.Chase Pridgeon & Chase 2002
Effusiella Luer Luer 2007
Elongatia (Luer) Luer Luer 2004
Empusella (Luer) Luer Luer 2004
Gerardoa Luer Luer 2006
Kraenzlinella Kuntze Luer 2004; Hágsater & Soto 2003
Loddigesia Luer Luer 2006
Lomax Luer Luer 2006
Muscarella Luer Luer 2006
Niphantha Luer Luer 2010
Pabstiella Brieger & Senghas Luer 2007
Panmorphia Luer Luer 2006
Phloeophila Hoehne & Schltr. Pridgeon & Chase 2001; Luer 2006
Rhynchopera Klotzsch Szlachetko & Margońska 2001
Ronaldella Luer Luer 2006
Sarcinula Luer Luer 2006
Specklinia Lindl. Pridgeon & Chase 2001; Hágsater & Soto 2003
Stelis Sw. Pridgeon & Chase 2001
Tribulago Luer Luer 2004; Luer 2006
Sylphia Luer Luer 2006
Unciferia (Luer) Luer Luer 2004
Unguella (Luer) Luer Luer 2005
Zosterophyllanthos Szlach. & Marg. Szlachetko & Margońska 2001; Szlachetko & Kulak 2006
Prosthechea Anacheilium Rchb.f. ex Hoffmanns Whitner & Harding 2004
Hormidium (Lindl.) Heynh. Whitner & Harding 2004
Panarica Withner & P. A.Harding Whitner & Harding 2004
Pollardia Withner & P. A.Harding Whitner & Harding 2004
Pseudencyclia Chiron & V.P.Castro Chiron & Castro-Neto 2003
Schiedeella Funkiella Schltr. Solano et al. 2011
Stanhopea Stanhopeastrum Rchb.f Szlachetko 2007
Trichosalpinx Tubella (Luer) Archila Archila 2000
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica
tablE 2. Continues.
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
24 LANKESTERIANA
1. Acianthera oscitans (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase,
Lindleyana 16: 245. 2001; Pleurothallis oscitans
Ames, Bot. Mus. Lea. 2(2): 25–27. 1934;
Didactylus oscitans (Ames) Luer, Monogr. Syst.
Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 257. 2004. tyPE:
Honduras, Cortés, Santa Cruz de Yojoa. Epiphyte in
open mountain forest at 2000 feet altitude. Flowers
dark purple. August 26, 1933. J.B. Edwards 515
(holotype, AMES).
distribution: Honduras, Costa Rica and Panama.
EtyMoloGy: Not indicated in the protologue. Luer
(2004) suggested the name probably refers to the
typically drooping inorescence.
Habitat in costa rica: This species has been found
growing epiphytically at around 700 m in the transition
from very humid tropical lowland forest to premontane
forest of the Braulio Carrillo National Park, on the
Atlantic watershed of the Central Volcanic chain.
PHEnoloGy: Flowering around August under
cultivation.
costa rican MatErial studiEd: San José: Vázquez de
Coronado, Jesús, Parque Nacional Braulio Carrillo,
Sendero La Botella, 10°09’33.9”N 83°57’14.8”W,
702 m, bosque muy húmedo tropical transición a
premontano, epítas en bosque secundario y primario,
colectado 2 junio 2010, oreció en cultivo en agosto
2011, D. Bogarín 7621, M. Fernández & A.P.
Karremans (JBL-Spirit!; gures 1, 14A). Heredia:
Horquetas, Colonia Cubujuquí, hacia las orillas del
Braulio Carrillo. 10°19’N 84°00’ W, ca. 300 m. A
orillas de un riachuelo. 25 de febrero 2012, A.P.
Karremans 5175 (CR!).
Acianthera oscitans is most similar to Acianthera
butcheri (L.O.Williams) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase,
from which it can be distinguished by the elliptic-
ovate leaves, the flower with the tip of the dorsal
sepal connate to the synsepal (reminiscent of the
flowers of some Zootrophion spp.), the synsepal
with revolute margins and the lip narrowly ovate and
ciliate. Luer (2005) placed A. oscitans, A. butcheri
(also known from Costa Rica) and the Ecuadorian
Pleurothallis paradoxa Luer & Dalström and
Pleurothallis thysana Luer & J.Portilla together in
the genus Didactylus, distinguished from Acianthera
by the rostellum with two narrow, curved, lateral
lobes.
tablE 3. List of orchid genera cited in the Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica which have been lumped into other genera by
recent authors. The absorbing genus is given for each generic name accepted in the Manual.
Genus Reduced under Reference
Acostaea Specklinia Pridgeon & Chase 2001
Ada Brassia Chase & Whitten 2011
Amparoa Rhynchostele Hágsater & Soto 2003
Chelyorchis Rossioglossum Chase et al. 2008
Goniochilus Leochilus Chase et al. 2008
Hybochilus Leochilus Chase et al. 2008
Leucohyle Trichopilia Dressler 2004b
Mesospinidium Brassia Chase & Whitten 2011
Oerstedella Epidendrum Hágsater & Soto 2005a
Osmoglossum Cuitlauzina Dressler & Williams 2003
Pachyphyllum Fernandezia Chase & Whitten 2011
Pleurothallis Stelis Pridgeon & Chase 2001; Hágsater & Soto 2003
Psygmorchis Erycina Williams et al. 2001
Restrepiopsis Pleurothallopsis Pridgeon & Chase 2001
Salpistele Stelis Pridgeon & Chase 2001
Scelochilus Comparettia Chase et al. 2008
Sigmatostalix Oncidium Chase et al. 2008
Stellilabium Telipogon Williams et al. 2005
Ticoglossum Rossioglossum Chase et al. 2008
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
25
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica
FiGurE 1. Acianthera oscitans (Ames) Pridgeon & M.W.Chase. A — Habit; B — Flower; C — Dissected perianth;
D — Column and lip, lateral view; E — Anther and pollinaria. Drawn by M. Fernández from D. Bogarín 7621 (JBL-
Spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
26 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 2. Epidendrum alieniferum Karremans & Bogarín. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth. D — Column
and lip, lateral view. E — Column and lip, longitudinal section. F — Pollinarium and anther cap. G — Clinandrium
lacerations. Drawn by A.P. Karremans, based on the plant used as type (JBL-Spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 27
2. Epidendrum alieniferum Karremans & Bogarín, sp.
nov.
tyPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito,
Mellizas, entre Finca Gemelas y Finca Mellizas,
8°53’32.53” N 82°46’17.83” W, 1412 m, bosque muy
húmedo premontano, epíta en árboles en potreros y
cafetales “orentem invenimus ad agros Coffeae et in
pascuis supra Acnistus prope opidum Mellizas”, 18
abril 2011, A. P. Karremans 3970, D. Bogarín & D.
Jiménez (holotype, CR!; isotype, JBL-Spirit!; gures
2, 14B).
Species Epidendro lagenocolumnae Hágsater et
Sánchez similis, sed oribus majoribus, columnae basi
inatiore, labello crenulato, clinandrio prominenti
profunde lacerato lacerationibus radialibus differt.
Epiphytic, caespitose, erect herb, up to 25 cm tall.
Roots basal, eshy, liform. Stems terete, somewhat
attened. Leaves 4-8(9), distributed along the stem,
especially close to the apex; sheath tubular, rugose;
blades elliptic, obtuse, variable in size, the largest
up to 6-10 × 2.5-3.2 cm. Inorescence apical, sub-
umbellate; peduncle reduced. Floral bracts acute, 0.5
cm long. Flowers 4-10, greenish. Ovary pedicellate,
terete, smooth. Sepals partly spreading, slightly bent
backwards, elliptic, obtuse, 7-veined, margin entire,
revolute; dorsal sepal 21-22 × 11-12 mm, lateral
sepals oblique, 20-22 × 10-11 mm. Petals spreading,
porrect, narrowly-elliptic, obtuse, 5-veined, margin
entire, revolute, 20-22 × 6-7 mm. Lip trilobed, basal
lobes widely ovate-elliptic, mid-lobe sub-quadrate,
emarginate, bicallose, with a low central keel, margins
crenulate, folded, appearing cross-like in natural
position, 22 × 22-23 mm. Column strongly arching
downwards, thickened basally, sub-terete, 13-15 mm
long, with a pair of arm-like wings; clinandrium-
hood erect, prominent, margins radially lacerate;
rostellum near the apex of the column, slit. Anther cap
transverse-elliptic, 4-celled, 3 mm wide. Pollinia 4,
obovoid, laterally compressed. Nectary short, barely
penetrating the ovary, smooth. Fruit ellipsoid.
ParatyPEs: Costa Rica. Same locality and date as the
holotype, A. P. Karremans 3971, D. Bogarín & D.
Jiménez (JBL-Spirit!). Puntarenas: Coto Brus. Z.P. Las
Tablas. Cuenca Térraba-Sierpe. Estación Progreso, S.
Fila Palmital, colectando en bosque primario. Epíta,
ores crema. 8°55’00.3640” N - 82°46’58.3450” W.
1440 m, 24 mayo 1999, M. Alfaro 183 (CR!, INB!).
distribution: Known only from Costa Rica, but most
probably occurring also in Panama, as the three known
specimens were collected close to the Panamanian
border.
EtyMoloGy: From the Latin alienus, alien, stranger,
and fero, bearing. In allusion to the frontal view of
the folded lip and column apex in natural position,
reminiscent of little green human-like gures; bearing
strange beings.
Habitat in costa rica: Epiphytic in primary and
secondary humid premontane forest, at around
1400-1450 m elevation. It is known only from the
southernmost portion of the Pacic slope of the
Cordillera de Talamanca.
PHEnoloGy: Flowering recorded in April in the eld
and in May under cultivation.
Epidendrum alieniferum is most similar to E.
lagenocolumna Hágsater & Sánchez (1993), but it
can be distinguished by the larger owers (sepals 20-
22 vs. 13-18 mm long and 10-12 vs. 4-6 mm wide,
respectively), the shape of petals (elliptic vs. linear),
the lip crenulate (vs. entire), the base of the column
more inated (twice the column width vs. being less
than twice the width), and the prominent clinandrium,
with radial lacerations (vs. obsolete). It also grows
at lower elevations than E. lagenocolumna, which
in Costa Rica is normally found above 1800 m, and
is only known from the southern part of the Pacic
watershed of the Talamanca range, whereas the former
is known throughout the country. The variable E.
rmum Rchb.f. is also similar; however it is smaller in
both plant and ower size, has linear petals, a column
that is not thickened at the base and does not have such
a prominent, erect, lacerate clinandrium (Sánchez &
Hágsater 2007).
3. Epidendrum concavilabium C.Schweinf., Bot.
Mus. Lea. 4: 118. 1937. tyPE: Costa Rica. Colinas
de San Pedro de San Ramón, Nov. 1927, A.M.
Brenes (119) 1660 (holotype, AMES; photo of type
at AMES!).
distribution: Costa Rica.
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28 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 3. Epidendrum concavilabium C.Schweinf. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth. D — Column and lip,
lateral view. E — Column, ventral view. F — Pollinarium and anther cap. Drawn by A.P. Karremans, based on D. Bogarín
4848 (JBL-Spirit).
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KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 29
FiGurE 4. Epidendrum circinatum Ames. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth. D — Column and lip, lateral
view. E — Column, ventral view. Drawn by A.P. Karremans, based on Karremans 84 (JBL-Spirit).
LANKESTERIANA
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30
EtyMoloGy: Referring to the concave shape of the lip.
Habitat in costa rica: Epiphytic in tropical wet forest
along the Central Valley at about 700-800 m elevation.
additional costa rican MatErial studiEd: Cartago:
Límite entre Turrialba y Jiménez, La Suiza, Pejivalle,
camino a Esperanza, en lomas cerca de la Quebrada
Puente, 9°48’46.0”N 83°39’10.0” W, 738 m, bosque
muy húmedo premontano, epítas en bosque
secundario a la orilla de cañaverales, 1 mayo 2008, D.
Bogarín 4847, A.P. Karremans, Y. Kisel & R. Phillips
(JBL-Spirit!). Same locality and date, D. Bogarín 4848,
A.P. Karremans, Y. Kisel & R. Phillips (JBL-Spirit!;
gures 3 & 14D). Taus, pastures beside Río Pejibaye
between Río Taus and Quebrada Azul, elev. 760 m.
Epiphyte in large clumps. Flowers green. 28 May 1972,
R.W. Lent 2553, (CR!, F, NY). Heredia: Sacramento,
marzo 1983. Floreció en cultivo en el Jardín Lankester
en julio de 1990, Mora s.n., (USJ!); San José de la
Montaña, 15 marzo 1981, Mora s.n., (USJ!). Without
collecting data, Jardín Botánico Lankester, received 18
March 1982, pressed cult. 7 April 1983, Hágsater 6731
(AMO), idem. pressed cult. 4 September 1984 (AMO;
INB!), idem. pressed cult. 18 September 1986 (AMO),
idem. pressed cult. 23 November 1992 (AMO), idem.
pressed cult. 18 September 1996 (AMO).
Epidendrum concavilabium was traditionally
considered a synonym of E. circinatum Ames (Hágsater
et al. 2003; Jiménez & Hágsater 2008). Although their
habits are similar, plants of E. concavilabium are
much more robust, more compact and thicker, have
wider leaves (length:width ratio 2-3:1 vs. 4-5:1) that
are darker (even in herbarium material). Both have a
concave, pandurate lip, but that of E. concavilabium is
much more deeply concave and shorter (19-23 mm vs.
30-32 mm). The two species have completely retrorse
sepals and petals, which are similar in length (lateral
sepals 16-19 mm, petals 14-15 mm); however, those
of E. concavilabium are wider (lateral sepals 10-11
mm vs. 7-8 mm and petals 6-7 mm vs. 3.5-4 mm),
and generally more obtuse (vs. acute). Additionally,
the column of E. concavilabium is shorter, almost
as wide as long, whereas that of E. circinatum is
clearly longer than wide. Aside from morphological
characters, E. circinatum is typically found in the
warm Caribbean lowlands with coastal inuence,
whereas E. concavilabium grows at higher elevations
in the mountainous areas around the Central Valley.
notE: Since E. concavilabium was relegated to the
synonymy of E. circinatum by Hágsater et al. (2003)
and Jiménez & Hágsater (2008), we also list the studied
specimens of E. circinatum: Nicaragua. Blueelds:
En los manglares frente a la costa, 0 m de altura. 18
febrero 2004, A.P. Karremans 84 (JBL-Spirit!; gures
4 & 16-D). Costa Rica. Limón: Cantón de Talamanca,
Bratsi. Amubri, Alto Lari, siguiendo la la entre Río
Dapari y Río Lari, bajando hasta el cauce del mismo,
9°25’30” N 83°03’35” W 450 m. Epíto. Cáliz verde,
corola verde-blanco, columna verde. 3 marzo 1992,
G. Herrera 5159 (CR, AMO, MO, INB!). Alajuela:
Arenal Volcano, 400 year old lava ow. Open high
canopy, dense understory, broken lava blocks covered
w/duff. April 22, 1990. V.A. Funk 10809, F.O. Smith,
G.S. McKee and others (CR!). Without specic locality
data, JBL-s.n. (digital photograph, 14C).
We have not been able to see material from
Hágsater 6810 (AMO) and Lankester 844 (AMES),
cited by Jiménez & Hágsater (2008) under the Costa
Rican specimens of E. circinatum, but based on their
locality they probably are E. concavilabium.
4. Epidendrum cystosum Ames, Bot. Mus. Lea.
2(9):105. 1934. tyPE: Honduras. Yoro: Bajo
Grande, 3000 ft, 14 March 1934, J. B. Edwards
675 (holotype: AMES; photo of type at AMES!;
illustration of type!).
distribution: Mexico, Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua,
Costa Rica and Colombia.
EtyMoloGy: From the Greek κυστις, bladder, cyst, in
reference to the prominent ventral vesicle behind the
perianth.
Habitat in costa rica: the only known specimen was
found growing as an epiphyte on a solitary tree in open
pastures, in tropical wet forest, just above sea level
around Drake Bay in the Península de Osa.
costa rican MatErial studiEd: Puntarenas: Osa, Sierpe.
Bahía Drake, frente a Finca Maresía, en árboles de
potrero, bosque muy húmedo tropical, 8°40’49.9” N
83°40’17.5” W, 85 m, 19 marzo 2011, A.P. Karremans
3744 & M. Contreras (JBL-Spirit!, CR!; gures 5, 14E).
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FiGurE 5. Epidendrum cystosum Ames. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth, with lip in natural conguration
below and spread to the right. D — Column and lip, lateral view. E — Column, lateral view, front view, and longitudinal
section (from left to right). F — Pollinarium and anther cap. Drawn by C. M. Smith based on Karremans 3744 (JBL-Spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
32 LANKESTERIANA
This unique species is distinguished by the thin
stems, grassy leaves, inorescence generally shorter
than the apical leaf, with partly spreading petals and
sepals, the apices of the sepals recurved, the elliptical
to suborbicular lip with evident laminar keels, and
the prominent clinandrium-hood with the margin
erose. Epidendrum cystosum is most similar to E.
macroclinium Hágsater, but the latter has succulent,
ovate-lanceolate leaves, inorescences much longer
that the apical leaf, reexed petals, an obreniform lip
with a single low keel, and a prominent clinandrium-
hood with a mbriate-dentate margin. It may also
be related to E. physodes Rchb.f., which can be
distinguished by the wider, lanceolate, short-acuminate
leaves, the inorescence longer than the apical leaf, the
lip transversely elliptic, with a single low keel, and an
obsolete clinandrium-hood with a thick and crenate
margin (Santiago & Hágsater 2010).
5. Epidendrum × sandiorum Hágsater, Karremans &
L.Sánchez, nothosp. nov.
tyPE: Costa Rica. Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito,
Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 10 km al noreste de Lucha,
Sitio Coto Brus, camino a la Finca de Miguel Sandí,
8°56’07.4” N 82°45’13.9” W, 1862 m, bosque muy
húmedo montano bajo, epítas a orillas del camino,
colectado 5 junio 2010, oreció en cultivo en agosto
2011, A. P. Karremans 2781 & D. Bogarín (holotype,
JBL-spirit!; gure 13).
Planta inter Epidendrum ciliare L. et E.
oerstedii Rchb.f. quasi intermedia et verisimiliter ex
hybridatione harum specierum orta, cum Epidendro
ciliare sed lobulo apicali labelli ad medium dilatato,
lanceolato, clavato, manifeste acuminato, margine vix
eroso, cum Epidendro oerstedii sed lobulis lateralibus
labelli margine profunde mbriato ad laciniatum, lobo
apicali labelli longiore et aliis characteribus inter
parentes mediis.
Epiphytic, sympodial, caespitose herb, up to 20
cm tall. Roots basal, eshy, 3 mm in diameter. Stems
thickened into a sub-spherical to ovoid homoblastic
pseudobulb, 4.0-6.0 × 1.5-3.0 cm. Leaves 1 at the apex
of the pseudobulb, coriaceous; blade ovate-elliptic,
bilobed, 7.5-12.0 × 3.5-6.0 cm. Spathaceous bract
lacking. Inorescence apical, racemose, born from
the undeveloped new growth, with at least 3 owers;
peduncle laterally compressed, 2.5 cm long; covered
by triangular, obtuse bracts. Floral bract about half
the length of the ovary, triangular, acuminate, 3.5
cm. Ovary terete, not inated, smooth, exceeding the
length of the sepals, 6.5 cm. Flowers simultaneous,
resupinate, sepals and petals yellowish green, lip
white, column white turning green close to the base,
calli white; owers turn completely yellow with
age. Sepals spreading, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate,
acuminate, 5-7 veined, margin entire, revolute, 5.5 ×
0.9 cm. Petals incurved, embracing the column and lip,
linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 5-veined, margin entire,
5.2 × 0.8 cm. Lip basally united to the column, 3-lobed,
base truncate; bicallose, the calli laminar, prominent,
narrowly elliptic, 5 mm; disc with numerous evident
veins; lateral lobes obliquely oblong, inner margin
entire, outer margin prominently mbriate to laciniate,
20 × 6 mm; mid-lobe separate from the lateral lobes
by deep sinuses, lanceolate-clavate, widened beyond
the middle and that portion trullate, acuminate,
margin shallowly erose, 45 × 7 mm. Column straight,
dilated towards the apex, 1.6 cm long; clinandrium-
hood prominent, margin dentate-mbriate, rostellum
apical, cleft, forming a slit-like aperture anther ovoid,
4-celled. Pollinia 4, obovoid, the inner margin straight,
laterally compressed.
distribution: Known only from Costa Rica; however,
as it was found a few km from the border it could also
occur in Panama.
EtyMoloGy: The name honors Miguel Sandí and his
family; the plant that served as the type was collected
on the road leading to their property.
Habitat in costa rica: This natural hybrid is only
known from the very humid lower montane forests of
the Pacic watershed of the Cordillera de Talamanca at
an elevation of around 1900 m.
PHEnoloGy: Flowering at least in August and
September in cultivation.
Several species of Epidendrum (e.g., E. ciliare
L. E. falcatum Lindl., E. nocturnum L., E. oerstedii
Rchb.f., and E. parkinsonianum Hook.) have star-
like, white or greenish owers with a deeply 3-lobed,
white lip. They were traditionally considered close
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KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 33
relatives, but DNA studies (Hágsater & Soto 2005b)
showed that species with this oral morphology are
found in ve different groups within Epidendrum, and
that probably their pollination by nocturnal sphyngid
moths has led to the development of similar oral
features. The fact that they may all be pollinated by
the same type of moth has led to occasional natural
hybrids, such as E. parkinsonianum × E. falcatum
(Hágsater 1990) and Epidendrum × dorotheae P.H.
Allen (Hágsater & Sánchez 2008a). The latter case
is interesting because the putative parent species
belong to different groups, E. nocturnum being in
the Nocturnum group and E. ciliare in the Coilostylis
Group.
Both putative parents of Epidendrum ×
sandiorum, E. oerstedii and E. ciliare, are members
of the Coilostylis Group that is characterized by
the sympodial, caespitose plants, the stems forming
a fusiform pseudobulb, with an apical, racemose,
distichous inorescence, the peduncle covered by
large bracts (but not spathaceous), and owers with
the above-mentioned morphology. The hybrid is
recognized by the sub-spherical to ovoid pseudobulbs
with a single apical leaf and the inorescence
produced from the immature stem. The outer margins
of the lateral lobes of the lip are mbriate to laciniate,
the mid-lobe trullate beyond the middle, 45 mm
long, apically long-acuminate, and the margin erose.
Epidendrum oerstedii ranges from Honduras to
central Panama, produces the inorescence from the
immature, short pseudobulb. The margin of the lip
is entire, and the mid-lobe shorter (25-33 mm long),
widened beyond the middle. Epidendrum ciliare is
widely distributed from western Mexico (Nayarit)
south to Peru and Brazil and the Antilles, also
produces the inorescence from the immature, more
elongate pseudobulb, but the outer margins of the lip
are deeply mbriate, and the mid-lobe is linear, not
widened in the middle (Sánchez & Hágsater 2008b;
2010). The putative parents have not been recorded
yet at the same location were the hybrid was found.
6. Epistephium ellipticum R.O.Williams &
Summerh., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1928(4): 145.
1928. tyPE: Trinidad: Valencia Road, Mora forest
end, Sept. 1926, Freeman, William & Cheesman
s.n. (holotype, TRIN no. 11324; isotype, K).
distribution: Belize, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Trinidad,
Guyana and Peru. Likely occurs (but not yet collected)
in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and other Central
American countries.
EtyMoloGy: From the Latin ellipticus, elliptic, in
reference to the elliptic leaf shape of the type specimen.
Habitat in costa rica: Known from a single collection
in the coastal lowlands of the Caribbean close to the
Panamanian border. The specimen label does not describe
the habitat, but species of Epistephium grow terrestrially,
typically in open, grassy areas (Cameron 2003).
costa rican MatErial studiEd: Limón. Talamanca,
Sixaola, Gandoca, El Llano entre Filas Manzanillo y
Rio Mile Creek. 09°37’00” N, 82°41’00” W, 50-100
m. 27 Mar. 1995. Terrestre. Margen de la hoja liliáceos.
Flor lila morado. G. Herrera 7605 & E. Sandoval
McCarthy (CR!, MO; gure 6).
Heretofore, E. ellipticum had been recorded for
Belize, Venezuela, Trinidad, Guyana and Peru; it
had not been recorded from anywhere in Central
America outside of Belize. The Costa Rican record
here reported was collected a few kilometers from the
Panamanian border, and the species likely occurs in
Panama as well. The duplicate specimen at MO had
already been identied as E. ellipticum by Robert L.
Dressler in 2007.
Epistephium ellipticum is a short-statured herb and
the owers of the genus are short-lived (Garay 1961),
so the plants are likely overlooked and undercollected.
In addition, because of their reticulate leaf venation,
herbarium collections are likely to be erroneously
assigned to other plant families (e.g., Convallariaceae,
Smilacaceae, or even Piperaceae) when not in ower
or when the perianth has been damaged or lost. It is
possible that E. ellipticum is more widespread along
the Caribbean lowlands of Central America than what
the few available collections suggest. Epistephium
ellipticum is also known from Peru from a single
collection made in the Amazonian lowlands of the
department of Loreto (Beltrán & Foster 567, F). No
collections of the Amazonian lowlands of Colombia and
Ecuador are known to us. The size variation of the three
plants included in the herbarium sheet at CR (all of them
with inorescences) is worth mentioning; two plants are
only 8 cm tall, whereas the third plant is 23 cm tall.
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34 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 6. Herbarium specimen of Epistephium ellipticum R.O.Williams & Summerh. (Herrera 7605 & Sandoval McCarthy,
CR).
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7. Lepanthes kabebatae Bogarín, Karremans & Mel.
Fernández, sp. nov.
Type: Costa Rica. Cartago: Turrialba, La Suiza, Llanos
del Quetzal, ca. 1 km sobre el camino detrás de la
Escuela de Kabebata (Alto Quetzal), 9°46’43.6”N
83°24’41.6”W, 1449 m, epíta en bosque primario y
secundario, bosque muy húmedo premontano, “supra
arbores in nemoribus Llanos del Quetzal ad Turrialba
in Cartago”, 17 junio 2011, D. Bogarín 8873, M.
Fernández & A.P. Karremans (holotype, CR; isotype,
JBL-Spirit; gures 7, 14F).
A Lepanthes eleganti Luer petalis latioribus luteis
basaliter scarlatis, lobo superno petalorum oblong-
ovato, lobo infero petalorum angusto-ovato, labello
scarlato minute ciliato et appendice longiore statim
dignoscenda.
Epiphytic, caespitose, erect herb, up to 20 cm tall.
Roots slender, exuous, to 1 mm in diameter. Ramicaul
erect to suberect, up to 12.5 cm, enclosed by 8-11
minutely ciliate, blackish, lepanthiform sheaths, lightly
ciliate especially on new growth, the ostia dilated,
ciliate, ovate, acute, adpressed. Leaves subcoriaceous,
adaxially green, abaxially purple, elliptic to narrowly
ovate, acute to acuminate, with an apiculus, 4.3-7.2 ×
1.5-3.6 cm, the cuneate base narrowing into a petiole
up to 5 mm long. Inorescence racemose, distichous,
successively owered, born beneath the leaf, shorter
than the leaves, up to 4.5 cm, peduncle 2 cm long,
rachis 2.5 cm. Floral bracts 1 mm long, ciliate, ovate,
acuminate, conduplicate, membranaceous, muriculate.
Pedicel 5 mm long, persistent. Ovary up to 3 mm long,
glabrous. Flowers with the sepals light yellow, basally
light red, petals yellow, basally scarlet, the lip scarlet.
Dorsal sepal ovate, acute, connate to the lateral sepal
for about 1 mm, 4.7 × 5.1 mm. Lateral sepals ovate to
elliptic, acute, connate for about 2 mm, 4.3-4.9 mm ×
1.9-2.3 mm. Petals minutely pubescent with the margins
minutely ciliate transversely bilobed, 1.8-2 × 5.6-8 mm,
the upper lobe oblong-ovate, obtuse, the apex folded, the
lower lobe, narrowly ovate, acute, slightly smaller than
the upper lobe. Lip bilobate, adnate to the column, 1.8-2
mm × 4.2-5 mm, the blades oblong, minutely pubescent,
with rounded ends, falcate, the connectives terete, up
to 1 mm long, the body oblong, connate to the base of
the column, the appendix oblong, pubescent. Column
cylindrical, up to 2 mm long, the anther apical, the stigma
ventral; anther cap cucullate. Pollinia two, ovoid.
distribution: Known only from the type locality in
Costa Rica.
EtyMoloGy: After the Cabécar kabe, quetzal, and bata,
slope, referring to the locality of the Alto Quetzal
(Kabebata), where the type specimen was collected.
The Cabécar is one of the six native languages of the
Chibcha language family spoken in Costa Rica.
Habitat in costa rica: Epiphytic in secondary and
primary vegetation in premontane wet forest on the
Caribbean slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca,
northwestern Fila de Matama at around 1500 m
elevation.
PHEnoloGy: Plants have been recorded in ower at
least in June, but continued owering up to November
in cultivation.
ParatyPEs: Costa Rica. Same locality and date as the
holotype, D. Bogarín 8875, M. Fernández & A.P.
Karremans (JBL-spirit!; gure 14G). Same locality
and date, A.P. Karremans 4278, D. Bogarín & M.
Fernández (JBL-spirit!; CR!). Same locality and date,
A.P. Karremans 4279, D. Bogarín & M. Fernández
(USJ!).
Lepanthes kabebatae is one of the largest species
of the genus in Costa Rica, with plant up to 20 cm tall.
The owers of L. kabebatae are similar to those of
L. elegans, but the former can be recognized by the
wider petals 5.6-8 mm (vs. up to 5 mm) with the upper
lobe oblong-ovate (vs. widely ovate) and the lower
lobe narrowly ovate (vs. obliquely triangular), the
microscopically ciliate lip (vs. long ciliate lip towards
the apex) and the large appendix (vs. reduced to a tuft
of cilia). The color of the owers is also different; in
L. kabebatae the petals are yellow, basally stained with
scarlet (vs. yellow with a red stain in the middle of the
upper lobe and along the external margins) and the lip
is scarlet (vs. yellow).
The size and habit of L. kabebatae are similar to
those of L. atrata Endrés ex Luer, L. barbosae Luer,
L. daniel-jimenezii Bogarín & Pupulin, L. ferrelliae
Luer and L. guardiana Endrés ex Luer. However, the
new species lacks the thick, protuberant body of the lip
present in all those species.
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36 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 7. Lepanthes kabebatae Bogarín, Karremans & Mel. Fernández. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth.
D — Column and lip, lateral view. E — Lip, spread. F. Pollinarium and anther cap. Drawing by D. Bogarín and A.P.
Karremans, based on the plant used as type (JBL-Spirit).
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KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 37
9. Lepanthes psyche Luer, Phytologia 55: 192. 1984.
Type: Panama. Chiriquí, epiphytic in small trees
near Volcán, “La Cordillera”, alt. 1300 m, 9 Dec.
1983, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Maduro & H. Butcher
9317 (holotype, SEL). Lepanthes setos Luer,
Phytologia 55(3): 193-194. 1984. Type: Panama.
Prov. of Chiriquí: epiphytic in scrubby trees near
Volcán, alt. 1350 m, 7 Dec. 1983, C. Luer, J. Luer
& H. Butcher 9279 (holotype, SEL).
distribution: Costa Rica and Panama.
EtyMoloGy: From the Greek psyche, a buttery, in
reference to the large petals.
Habitat in costa rica: Epiphytic in secondary
premontane wet and transition to wet forests in
the southern Pacic watershed of the Cordillera de
Talamanca at around 1500 m elevation.
costa rican MatErial studiEd: Puntarenas: Coto
Brus, Sabalito, Cotoncito, Sitio Cotón, 8°56’34.07” N
82°47’15.55” W, 1545 m, en árboles a orillas de una
quebrada, Daniel Jiménez invenit, oreció en cultivo
en el Jardín Botánico Lankester, 7 abril 2011, D.
Jiménez sub D. Bogarín 8538 (JBL-Spirit!; gures 8,
14H). San José: Dota, San Lorenzo de Dota, camino
que comunica esa localidad con el proyecto Pirrís, parte
más alta del trayecto, árboles de Ciprés en cerca de
potreros, 9°36’45.72”N 84°04’51.88”W, recolectada
por D. Jiménez, M. Fernández 334 (JBL-spirit!).
This species is closely related to Lepanthes mbriata
Ames. Vegetatively they are similar, both having thick,
heavy, concave, coppery leaves with pendent stems.
The appendix is conspicuous and mbriate in both
species. However, L. psyche is distinguished from L.
mbriata by the glabrous petals and lip (vs. mbriate)
and the petals with the upper lobe suborbicular to
widely obovate (vs. ovate). Lepanthes setos Luer from
Panama is considered a synonym of L. mbriata (Luer
2003).
10. Lepanthes regularis Luer, Lindleyana 2: 210.
1987. Type: Panama. Prov. of Chiriquí: Cerro
Punta, Las Nubes, collected by A. Maduro 6-B, C.
Luer 11631 (holotype, MO).
distribution: Costa Rica and Panama.
EtyMoloGy: From the Latin regularis, regular,
standard, referring to the average morphology of this
species.
Habitat in costa rica: Epiphytic in disturbed forest in
pastures in lower montane rain forests in the southern
Pacic watershed of the Cordillera de Talamanca, at
around 1800 m elevation.
costa rican MatErial studiEd: Puntarenas: Coto
Brus, Sabalito, Zona Protectora Las Tablas, 13 km al
noreste de Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus, entre Río Surá y
Quebrada Sutú, Finca de Miguel Sandí, 8°56’46.1” N
82°44’30.9” W, 1778 m, bosque pluvial montano bajo,
epítas en potreros arbolados, 6 junio 2010, D. Bogarín
7767 & A.P. Karremans (JBL-Spirit!; gures 9, 14I).
Puntarenas: Coto Brus, Sabalito, Zona Protectora Las
Tablas, 13 km NE of Lucha, Sitio Coto Brus, nca
Sandí “El Capricho”, 8°56’46.1” N 82°44’30.9” W,
1778 m, epiphytic, mostly on Quercus sp. in pastures
and along the river Sutú, wet premontane forest, 6
October 2010, F. Pupulin 7928, D. Bogarín, R.L.
Dressler & M. Fernández (JBL-spirit!; CR!).
According to Luer (1987) the morphological
features of this species are standard for the genus
and no one character is particularly distinctive, it is
actually the combination of standard characters that
make L. regularis unique. A population of this species
was found near the border between Costa Rica and
Panama in the region of Las Tablas (15 km from the
type locality of Las Nubes in Panama). The features
are consistent with those given in the protologue (Luer
1987), especially in the ovate, acute lateral sepals, the
red oblong petals, the minutely pubescent appendix
and the general measurements of the ower parts and
plant.
11. Masdevallia nicaraguae Luer, Selbyana 5(2):
148–149. 1979. Type: Nicaragua. Granada:
epiphytic in cloud forest on Mombacho Volcano,
J.T. Atwood s.n., cultivated by J. & L. Orchids,
Easton, CT, owered in cult. 7 Nov 1977, C. Luer
2118 (holotype, SEL).
distribution: Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
EtyMoloGy: Named after Nicaragua, the country of
origin of the type specimen.
Habitat in costa rica: The only known specimen of
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
38 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 8. Lepanthes psyche Luer. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth. D — Column and lip, lateral view.
E — Lip, spread. F — Pollinarium and anther cap. Drawing by D. Bogarín and C. M. Smith based on Bogarín 8538 (JBL-
spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 39
FiGurE 9. Lepanthes regularis Luer. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth. D — Column and lip, lateral view.
E — Lip, spread. F — Pollinarium and anther cap. Drawing by D. Bogarín based on Bogarín 7767 (JBL-spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
40 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 10. Masdevallia nicaraguae Luer. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth. D — Column and lip, lateral view.
E — Petals and lip. F — Column and bases of ovary and lip. G — Pollinarium and anther cap. Drawn by C. M. Smith based
on Acosta s.n. (JBL-spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 41
M. nicaraguae was found growing in premontane wet
forest, around Río Costa Rica in Guápiles at 600 m
elevation. It is likely that this species would turn up in
the northern Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica, which
are continuous with the Nicaraguan lowlands where
plants of this species are known to grow..
costa rican MatErial studiEd: [Costa Rica: Limón:
Pococí, Guápiles] Río Costa Rica, 600 m, L. Acosta
s.n. (JBL-Spirit D2166!, D2264!, D1988!; gures 10,
14J).
This species is similar to Masdevallia oribunda
Lindl., from which it is distinguished by the thick
sepaline tails, particularly those of the shorter,
triangular, lateral sepals, white, faintly suffused with
rose within toward the bases (vs. dull brownish yellow,
spotted). Masdevallia nicaraguae is also similar to M.
tubuliora Ames, but is distinguished by its larger,
pure white sepals, the erect tail of the dorsal sepal, the
broadly dilated lateral sepals and the entire apex of the
column (Luer 2001).
12. Pleurothallis instar Luer, Selbyana 3: 320–321,
f. 260. 1977. Type: Panama. Chiriquí: epiphytic
in cloud forest on Cerro Hornito, alt. ca. 1700 m,
15 Dec 1976, C. Luer 1389, A. Luer, R.L. Dressler,
N.H. Williams & F.L. Stevenson (holotype, SEL;
illustration of type!).
distribution: Panama and Costa Rica.
EtyMoloGy: From the Latin instar, image, likeness, in
reference to the similarity of the plant to Pleurothallis
eumecocaulon Schltr.
Habitat in costa rica: Both plants of Pleurothallis
instar were found growing epiphytically in the
premontane rain forests of the Fila Cruces, in the
Pacic watershed.
costa rican MatErial studiEd: Puntarenas: Coto
Brus, Limoncito, Fila Cruces, camino al Cerro
Paraguas, ca. 10 km al oeste del Jardín Botánico R.
& C. Wilson sobre el camino a Río Claro de Golfito,
8°46’22.4” N 82°59’33.1” W, 1367 m, bosque
pluvial premontano, epífitas en bosque secundario
a orillas del camino, 5 junio 2010, A.P. Karremans
2776 & D. Bogarín (JBL-Spirit!; figure 11, 14K).
Same locality, 20 abril 2011, D. Bogarín 8742, D.
Jiménez & A.P. Karremans (JBL-Spirit!).
As indicated in the protologue, Pleurothallis
instar resembles mostly closely P. eumecocaulon
Schltr., but it can be recognized by the ovate leaves and
wider sepals and petals. Also, P. eumecocaulon bears
a papillose disc located below the middle of the lip,
whereas the disc in P. instar is concave and located in
the basal half. Luer (2004) moved P. eumecocaulon to
Ancipitia Luer but seems to have forgotten P. instar.
13. Specklinia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer,
Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 95: 260.
2004. Pleurothallis duplooyi Luer & Sayers,
Revista Soc. Boliv. Bot. 3(1/2): 48-50. 2001.
Panmorphia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer,
Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105: 153.
2006. Type: Belize. Toledo District, Little Quartz
Ridge Camp, alt. 740 m, 1 August 2000, B. Sayers
997 (holotype, DBN; isotype, MO).
distribution: Belize and Costa Rica.
EtyMoloGy: Named in honor of the late Ken DuPlooy,
former director of the Belize Botanical Garden, who
had a keen interest in the ora of Belize.
Habitat in costa rica: Epiphytic on twigs of abandoned
trees of Macadamia integrifolia (Proteaceae) in
premontane rain forest, on the Caribbean watershed of
the Cordillera de Talamanca at around 700 m elevation.
costa rican MatErial studiEd: Cartago: Jiménez,
Pejibaye, Taus, Río Pejibaye, 1 km después de la escuela
de Taus, 9°46’51.7”N 83°43’00.4”W, 707 m, bosque
pluvial premontano, epíta en bosque secundario
a orillas del río, 30 abril 2009, D. Bogarín 6955, M.
Fernández, R. Gómez, Y. Kisel, F. Pupulin, P. Renshaw
& R. Trejos (JBL-Spirit). Same locality, 16 octubre
2009, D. Bogarín 7382 & A.P. Karremans (JBL-
Spirit!). Same locality and date, D. Bogarín 7384 &
A.P. Karremans (JBL-Spirit!; gures 12, 14L). Same
locality, 29 de enero 2012, A.P. Karremans 4887,
R.J.C.M. & I.V. Ferreira Lok (JBL-Spirit!).
The species was previously known only from
Belize. It is closely related to the widely distributed
Specklinia barbulata (Lindl.) Luer, from which it is
distinguished by the larger inorescences surpassing
the leaves (vs. as long as or shorter than the leaves),
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
42 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 11. Pleurothallis instar Luer. A — Habit; B — Flower; C — Dissected perianth; D — Column and lip, oblique view;
E — Lip, ventral view; F — Detail of lip apical margin, G — Pollinaria. Drawn by M. Fernández based on Karremans 2776
(JBL-spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 43
FiGurE 12. Specklinia duplooyi (Luer & Sayers) Luer. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth. D — Column and lip,
lateral view. E — Column, front view. F — Lip, spread. G — Pollinarium and anther cap. Drawing by D. Bogarín based on
Bogarín 7382 (JBL-spirit).
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
44 LANKESTERIANA
FiGurE 13. Epidendrum × sandiorum Hágsater, Karremans & L.Sánchez. A — Habit. B — Flower. C — Dissected perianth.
D — Column and lip, lateral view. E — Lip, spread. F — Column, lateral and ventral views. G — Anther cap and pollinarium.
Photographs by A.P. Karremans and F. Pupulin based on A.P. Karremans 2781.
LANKESTERIANA 12(1), April 2012. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2012.
KarrEMans et al. — New species and records of Orchidaceae from Costa Rica 45
FiGurE 14. A — Acianthera oscitans (Bogarín 7621). B — Epidendrum alieniferum (Karremans 3970). C — Epidendrum
circinatum (JBL s.n.). D — Epidendrum concavilabium (Bogarín 4848). E — Epidendrum cystosum (Karremans 3744).
F — Lepanthes kabebatae (Bogarín 8873). G — Lepanthes kabebatae (Bogarín 8875). H — Lepanthes psyche (Bogarín
8538). I — Lepanthes regularis (Bogarín 7767). J — Masdevallia nicaraguae (Acosta s.n.). K — Pleurothallis instar
(Karremans 2776). L — Specklinia duployii (Bogarín 7382). Photographs by D. Bogarín (F., G., H., I., J. & L.), A.P.
Karremans (B, D, E, K), and F. Pupulin (A, C).
the prostrate leaves (vs. erect) and the larger
owers with free lateral sepals (vs. smaller, with
a synsepal). Also, the petals are sharply acute and
microscopically ciliate (vs. acute, ciliate). The lip is
narrowly elliptical, long-ciliate, and longitudinally
channeled (Luer 2006). The Costa Rican plants were
found growing on twigs of abandoned Macadamia
trees in exposed condition, an unusual habitat for
plants of Specklinia. The morphology of the Costa
Rican specimens is consistent with the protologue
(Luer 2006).
acKnowlEdGEMEnts. We are thankful for the scientic
services of Costa Rican Ministry of Environment, Energy
and Telecommunications (MINAET) and its National
System of Conservation Areas (SINAC) for issuing the
Scientic Passports under which wild species treated
in this study were collected. Franco Pupulin kindly
revised the manuscript and allowed us to use some of his
photographs. We thank the Vice-Presidency of Research
of the University of Costa Rica for providing support
under the projects 814-A7-015 “Inventario y taxonomía
de la ora epíta de la región Mesoamericana”, 814-BO-
052, “Flora Costaricensis: Taxonomía y Filogenia de la
subtribu Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) en Costa Rica and
814-B1-239 and “Filogenia molecular de las especies de
Orchidaceae endémicas de Costa Rica”. We are also grateful
to the personnel at CR, INB, JBL and USJ for granting full
access to their collections.
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