Using Multivarite Statistics
... Subsequently, 979 responses were calculated after removing the univariate outliers. After transforming the data into standardised Z-Score, all the values were found in the range of −3 and + 3, such as from −2.93 to 2.64, as suggested by Tabachnick & Fidell (2007). Hence, the values being in the field ensured that the data in hand have a normal distribution in this study. ...
... Kim & Muller (1978) explained EFA as "a variety of mathematical methods whose common purpose is to interpret a series of variables in terms of a smaller number of hypothetical variables". The EFA attempts to limit the dimensionality of variables by grouping those that have a high similarity with each other in variables (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007;Joliffe & Morgan, 1992). The principal component analysis (PCA) is the most commonly used predictive analysis tool, and it is part of the EFA. ...
... Namely, there is no adequate latent factor (Brace et al., 2006). The lowest anti-image correlations indicate that a data matrix is suitable for factor analysis (Field, 2009;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). ...
Although litter prevention has environmental, social and economic benefits, cigarette butts are the most littered item on earth. While there has been vast research into the relationship between different factors affecting consumer behaviour, further research is needed to examine the antecedents of consumer sustainable behaviour. The aim of this study is to test the impact of feared self and landfill awareness on the sustainable behaviour of consumers using a structural equation modelling approach. Primary data of consumers are used to validate the hypothesised model. The findings highlight that feared self has a positive impact on the sustainable behaviour of consumers, while feared-self congruency and landfill awareness do not affect consumer sustainable behaviour. As for the implications, the results can support academics and strategic managers in the design process of sustainable consumer awareness programs to achieve environmental, social and economic benefits in the era of circular economy.
... Prior to the regression analysis, assumption checks were conducted to ensure the data satisfied the assumptions of regression analysis. First, as shown in Table 7, the correlations between all the explanatory variables were lower than r = 0.70, indicating the absence of multicollinearity (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001). Second, 234 participants in the current study are larger than the optimal sample size recommended for conducting multiple regression with the number of variables involved in this study (i.e., 10 The VST was created based on the Nation's 14,000 level word list sampled from the BNC corpus; the VocabProfiler (BNC-20) was developed based on Nation's word list extended from 14,000 to 20,000. ...
... The unique contribution of each lexical coverage figure to the reading comprehension scores was expressed as R 2 change with each lexical coverage figure entered cumulatively in a prespecified order (Larson-Hall, 2010). The order of entering each variable into the regression model was dictated by the literature and research design (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001). ...
Understanding the relationship between lexical coverage (i.e., the number of words known in a text) and second language (L2) reading comprehension is pivotal to L2 instruction as it helps teachers set sensible vocabulary learning goals and select suitable reading materials. This study examined the unique contribution of 7 lexical coverage figures (i.e., 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, and 100%) to the comprehension of narrative and expository texts read by Chinese EFL undergraduate students (N = 234). Participants completed the Vocabulary Size Test, a L2 reading ability test, a background knowledge test, reading comprehension tests, and topic familiarity ratings. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that after accounting for L2 vocabulary size and L2 reading ability, lexical coverage remained a steady, though weak, predictor of narrative and expository comprehension scores. No indication of a lexical threshold for reading comprehension was found. Instead, lexical coverage was found to be a stronger predictor of expository comprehension scores than narrative. While findings suggested 98% lexical coverage was reasonable for satisfactory comprehension of L2 narrative texts, 100% lexical coverage may be needed for satisfactory comprehension of L2 expository texts without the support of background knowledge. Pedagogical implications were discussed in relation to the findings.
... This extraction method is coupled with varimax orthogonal rotation as it is one of the most effective and widely used methods in the literature. Before conducting the EFA for all 36 Tabachnick and Fidell 2007) in the sample size of more than 200, factor loading for each item must be above 0.4 to be included in a particular factor. Thus, Table 2 above represents all the factors generating factor loadings of more than 0.4, and after successfully extracting the factors, it can be stated that the 36-item questionnaire after EFA extracted 4 factors where the factors initially enquiring about personal and financial motivations are grouped into forming a single factor termed as Rewarding Motivations consisting a total of 8 items; secondly, the Health Motivations serve as a single factor with another three items ; 2 items for Intention to Use and 6 items to measure the mediating variable of COVID-19 restrictions and information. ...
... This extraction method is coupled with varimax orthogonal rotation as it is one of the most effective and widely used methods in the literature. Before conducting the EFA for all 36 Tabachnick and Fidell 2007) in the sample size of more than 200, factor loading for each item must be above 0.4 to be included in a particular factor. Thus, Table 2 above represents all the factors generating factor loadings of more than 0.4, and after successfully extracting the factors, it can be stated that the 36-item questionnaire after EFA extracted 4 factors where the factors initially enquiring about personal and financial motivations are grouped into forming a single factor termed as Rewarding Motivations consisting a total of 8 items; secondly, the Health Motivations serve as a single factor with another three items ; 2 items for Intention to Use and 6 items to measure the mediating variable of COVID-19 restrictions and information. ...
The study's primary purpose is to determine the factors motivating the adoption of online travel applications for booking vacations during the pandemic, specifically amongst the consumers in Bangladesh. The study aims to measure the mediating role of COVID-19 restrictions and information published from time to time on the entire adoption process. The study takes a quantitative approach. A structured questionnaire is used to gather data from 282 respondents nationwide through online mode. A total of 240 respondents showing an interest in online booking of travel are used to analyze the data using Structural Equation Modelling. The EFA and CFA conducted on the 36 items in the questionnaire extracted four factors- two independent variables: Rewarding Motivations and Health Motivations; the dependent variable of Intention to Use and the mediating variable of COVID-19 information. While generating a fit model, there is a significant influence of Rewarding Motivations found on Intention to Use online travel applications with a partially mediating role of COVID-19 information on both the relationships. Empirical evidence from this study will assist tourism marketers in taking sound
strategic marketing decisions, which would help revive the tourism sector.
... Data analysis was done by use of Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software The multinomial logistic regression model was applied to identify statistically significant factors that influence smallholder households to participate in agribusiness market activities. Before conducting multinomial regression, the explanatory variables were examined through various SPSS analytical techniques for basic assumptions of multinomial logistic regression including missing values, outliers, normality of distribution, and multicollinearity (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). Household annual income, with missing values on more than 20% of the cases, was deleted. ...
... We used the coefficient of the statistically significant variables to report the degree of influence. According to Tabachnick and Fidell (2007), variables which tend to change the odds of the outcomes have the most influence. Thus, the coefficient was sorted from very low (negative) to very high (positive) in classifying the extent of influence of the variables on the three farming choices. ...
The push towards the transformation of rural smallholders’ subsistence production into market-oriented agribusiness has been in the public policy debates of many low- and middle-income countries, including Kenya. While various studies have highlighted the lack of livelihood capitals as a reason for most smallholders not to diversify into agribusiness, how these livelihood capitals influence smallholders’ decisions and choices have, however, only been partially researched. Using systematic random sampling, 392 households in Western Kenya were interviewed through a researcher-administered questionnaire. Multinomial logistic regression method was used to analyze the data. The findings reveal that livelihood capitals acted in parallel and jointly to determine the decisions of smallholders to participate in agribusiness. Results shows that education level, gender, landholding size, distance to markets, farm input access, and agriculture extension services positively and significantly influenced the decision choices of households to participate in agribusiness. Households with higher livelihood capitals accumulation resulted in a higher probability of participating in agribusiness while those with limited livelihood capitals resulted in a lower probability to participate in agribusiness. We argue that designing appropriate pro-poor targeted policy interventions to improve poor household’s livelihood capitals could address the problem of non-participation of rural smallholders in agribusiness markets.
... The scale for this study was assessed for its convergent validity using SmartPLS version 3.0 with the results showing that the factor loadings of all items of the study variables were statistically significant and exceeded the minimum acceptable threshold of 0.7 (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007). Also, the average variance extracted (AVE) exceed the minimum acceptable threshold value of 0.5 (Hair et al., 2010). ...
... Furthermore, the final measurement indicators such as factor loadings of all items of the study variables, Cronbach alpha (α), composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) yielded a better result hence, fit well with the data as presented in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the results of the convergent validity of the final model shows that the factor loadings of all items of the study variables were statistically significant and exceeded the minimum acceptable threshold of 0.7 (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007). Also, the average variance extracted (AVE) exceed the minimum acceptable threshold value of 0.5 (Hair et al., 2010). ...
Studies that examined the link between facets of job satisfaction and employees’ turnover in respect of hotels in Lagos state are limited
in literature. This study therefore aims to determine the correlation between five dimensions of job satisfaction and employees’ turnover
in respect of hotels in Lagos state. The study adopted a survey design. Through on-site data collection, data were collected from
332 employees of 60 hotels in Ikeja, Lagos state. Partial Least Squares were adopted for the analysis and the result show that four of
the five tested hypotheses were supported. The result further show that all the five dimensions of job satisfaction considered in this
study put together have the tendency of influencing 43.2% of changes in employees’ turnover in hotels in Lagos State. By clarifying
the connection between the facets of job satisfaction and employees’ turnover in Lagos State, this study offers an insight for effective
management of employees’ turnover in hotel industry in an emerging economy. Hence, hotel owners and managers in Lagos State can
minimize employees’ turnover by enforcing strategies and practices gear towards limiting job stress, enhancing promotion opportunity,
supervisor’s support, and friendly workplace environment. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to
determine the connection between facets of job satisfaction and employees’ turnover in respect of hotels in Lagos State using Smart
PLS_SEM approach. The study argued that employees’ retention in the hotel industry in Lagos State depends on the combination of
management of job stress, enhanced promotion opportunity for staff, suitable supervisor’s support, and provision of friendly workplace
environment.
Keywords: Job satisfaction, Employees’ turnover, Lagos state, Hotel industry, PLS_SEM.
... In addition, according to Table 3, the AVE values of all latent variables, except government regulation and attitude, are greater than 0.5, which indicates that the convergent validity is ideal. Although the AVE values of government regulation and attitude are less than 0.5, they are both around 0.45, and the CR values of both are greater than 0.7, and the convergent validity of both is still sufficient according to the criteria proposed by Tabachnick and Fidell (2007). The results in Table 3 show that all variables in this paper have good discriminant validity with AVE square root values greater than the correlation coefficients with other variables (Fornell and Larcker, 1981). ...
Due to high-intensity agricultural production activities and the excessive use of chemical substances such as fertilizers and pesticides, agricultural nonpoint source pollution has surpassed industrial and urban residential pollution to become the number one contributor to nonpoint source pollution in China. Promoting farmers' participation in agricultural nonpoint source pollution management is a key link to achieve the goal of sustainable agricultural development. Based on an expanded theory of planned behavior, we identified the key influencing factors of farmers' participation in agricultural nonpoint source pollution management. According to microsurvey data from 600 farmers in Huai'an, China, we used a structural equation model to analyze in depth the influence of farmers' internal cognition and their perceptions of the external environment to explore the formation mechanism of their participation in agricultural nonpoint source pollution management behavior. The study shows that, first, government regulations promote the green development of the agricultural market environment and social organizations and that farmers' perceptions of the external environment strengthen the influence of their internal cognition but are not fully significant. Second, farmers' internal cognition can enhance their willingness to participate, and the influence of attitudes is the strongest. Finally, there is a positive relationship between the level of response of farmers' participation in pollution control behavior and their perceived behavioral control and willingness to control. Based on the above analysis, we propose policy recommendations in terms of government regulation, market regulation, organization construction, and multisubject collaboration to mobilize the enthusiasm of various subjects and to improve the efficiency of agricultural nonpoint source pollution management.
... Transformation or removal of outliers can help ensure this assumption. Violation of this assumption may lead to committing Type I error rates (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2001). Non-normal population distributions, especially, those that are thick-tailed or heavily skewed, considerably reduce the power of the test. ...
Conducting research is a prerequisite to adding to the body of existing knowledge. The findings of any research can be adjudged trustworthy only if the data gathered are analysed with the appropriate statistical tool(s) because the use of wrong statistical tool(s) can mar the findings of such research. There are many parametric statistical tools which can be used to analyse data especially, when the variables involved in the study are dichotomous categorical independent variable and continuous dependent variable, hence, independent samples t-test is the most appropriate statistical tool required for such analysis. Independent samples t-test is used to compare the mean scores of two different groups of people or conditions. The analysis of independent samples t-test can be computed manually but it is prone to error(s) particularly when large sample is involved. However, the use of computer application can help to avert the potential errors of manual analysis of research data. This paper unfolds the meaning of independent samples t-test, its assumptions underlying the use of independent samples t-test and the step by step procedures for analysing data using computer application of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).
... Ayrıca incelenen Bartlett küresellik testi değerinin anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<.01). Buna göre katılımcı sayısının yeterli olduğu, verilerin faktörleşebileceği anlaşılmıştır (Tabachnick ve Fidell, 2013). ...
Bu çalışmanın amacı, özgün formu Xu ve arkadaşları (2020) tarafından geliştirilen “Çevrimiçi Ödevlerde Dikkat Dağılması Ölçeği” nin Türk kültürüne uyarlamaktır. Bu ölçek öğrencilerin çevrimiçi ödevlerde algıladıkları dikkat dağılması durumlarının incelenmesi için kullanılmaktadır. Çalışma üç aşamada gerçekleşmiştir. Hazırlık aşamasında ölçeği geliştiren yazarlardan izin alınmış ve Türkçe diline çevirisi yapılmıştır. I. aşamaya 212 öğrenci katılım göstermiştir. Bu aşamada ölçeğin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi için açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açımlayıcı faktör analizinde sonucunda tek faktör, dört maddeden oluşan ölçek formuna ulaşılmıştır. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ise madde-yapı ilişkisi incelenmiş ve oluşturulan modelin iyi uyum gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca yapılan geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizlerinde AVE değeri .556, Cronbach Alpha iç tutarlık katsayısı .733, McDonald Omega katsayısı .735, birleşme güvenirliği .833 olarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde uyarlanan ölçek formunun geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasına 136 öğrenci katılım göstermiştir. Bu aşamada öğrencilerin bazı demografik özelliklerine (cinsiyet, yaş ve sınıf) göre çevrimiçi ödevlerde dikkat dağılmalarının farklılık gösterme durumu ve çevrimiçi ödevlerde dikkat dağılmalarının özdüzenlemenin dikkat kontrolü ile aralarındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemelerde ulaşılan sonuçlar belirtilmiş ve önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
... Since the subscale "substance use" deviated greatly from the theoretically normal distribution and was rarely present in the sample, this subscale was excluded from further analysis. There was no presence of multi-collinearity among other Brief-COPE subscales, as indicated by the correlation matrix analysis (all r lower than 0.90) (53). The homogeneity of variance was tested using the Levene's test. ...
Background
Physical frailty and cognitive decline are two major consequences of aging and are often in older individuals, especially in those with multimorbidity. These two disorders are known to usually coexist with each other, increasing the risk of each disorder for poor health outcomes. Mental health disorders, anxiety and depression, are common in older people with multimorbidity, in particular those with functional or sensory deficits, and frailty.PurposeThe aim of this study was to show how physical frailty, cognitive impairments and mental disorders, cluster in the real life setting of older primary care (PC) patients, and how these clusters relate to age, comorbidities, stressful events, and coping strategies. Knowing that, could improve risk stratification of older individuals and guide the action plans.Methods
Participants were older individuals (≥60, N = 263), attenders of PC, independent of care of others, and not suffering from dementia. For screening participants on physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and mental disorders, we used Fried‘s phenotype model, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS), and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). For testing participants on coping styles, we used the 14-scale Brief-Coping with Problems Experienced (Brief-COPE) questionnaire. To identify clusters, we used the algorithm fuzzy k-means. To further describe the clusters, we examined differences in age, gender, number of chronic diseases and medications prescribed, some diagnoses of chronic diseases, the number of life events, body mass index, renal function, expressed as the glomerular filtration rate, and coping styles.ResultsThe most appropriate cluster solution was the one with three clusters, that were termed as: functional (FUN; N = 139), with predominant frailty or dysfunctional (DFUN; N = 81), and with predominant cognitive impairments or cognitively impaired (COG-IMP; N = 43). Participants in two pathologic clusters, DFUN and COG-IMP, were in average older and had more somatic diseases, compared to participants in cluster FUN. Significant differences between the clusters were found in diagnoses of osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, anxiety/depression, cerebrovascular disease, and periphery artery disease. Participants in cluster FUN expressed mostly positive reframing coping style. Participants in two pathological clusters were represented with negative coping strategies. Religion and self-blame were coping mechanisms specific only for cluster DFUN; self-distraction only for cluster COG-IMP; and these two latter clusters shared the mechanisms of behavioral disengagement and denial.Conclusion
The research approach presented in this study may help PC providers in risk stratification of older individuals and in getting insights into behavioral and coping strategies of patients with similar comorbidity patterns and functional disorders, which may guide them in preparing prevention and care plans. By providing some insights into the common mechanisms and pathways of clustering frailty, cognitive impairments and mental disorders, this research approach is useful for creating new hypotheses and in accelerating geriatric research.
... Since the subscale "substance use" deviated greatly from the theoretically normal distribution and was rarely present in the sample, this subscale was excluded from further analysis. There was no presence of multi-collinearity among other Brief-COPE subscales, as indicated by the correlation matrix analysis (all r lower than 0.90) (53). The homogeneity of variance was tested using the Levene's test. ...
... Second, outlier analysis was performed in the data set. Outliers occur due to errors in data entry or when the unit is not a member of the population from which the sample was taken and may corrupt the data set (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). Thus, standardized z-scores were used in outlier analysis. ...
This study examined whether the employees' internal motivation mediated the relationship between perceived supervisory support and constructive deviance. The population of this study consisted of front-line employees who work at four and five-star hotels in Bolu, Turkey. The study employed simple random sampling, one of the probability sampling methods, and data were collected by survey method. 170 questionnaires were distributed, and the number of valid questionnaires was 154. The analysis of surveys revealed that intrinsic motivation plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived supervisory support and constructive deviance and has a positive significant effect on innovative constructive deviant behaviors. In addition, it was found that positive relationship between supervisory support and challenging constructive deviant behaviours and negative relationship between supervisory support and innovative constructive deviant behaviours. No relationship has been found between supervisory support and interpersonal constructive deviant behaviour. In this context, it should be taken into account that employees should feel the support of managers in order to be more flexible and willing to deal with various situations. The study makes a theoretical contribution to the literature by presenting findings about the antecedents of the tendency of front-line workers in the hospitality industry to exhibit constructive deviant behaviors.
... Kích thước mẫu: Theo Tabachnick and Fidell [28], khi sử dụng mô hình hồi quy tuyến tính, kích thước mẫu được xác định theo công thức: n ≥ 50 + 8p, với p là số biến độc lập của mô hình. Trong nghiên cứu này, số lượng biến độc lập là sáu biến nên kích thước mẫu nghiên cứu tối thiểu là 98. Hair et al. [29] cho rằng, kích thước mẫu tối thiểu gấp năm lần biến tổng quan sát khi sử dụng phương pháp phân tích nhân tố khám phá (n ≥ 5m, với m là số biến quan sát trong mô hình). ...
The study aims to identify the factors affecting the learning motivation of students at Tra Vinh University and recommend solutions to increase students’ motivation. The study conducted a survey of 200 students whoare studying at Tra Vinh University in different schools. The methods of Descriptive statistics, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Linear Regression were used in this study. The results show that there are 6 factors affecting student’s learning motivation, in which learning environment variable has the strongest impact on students’ learning motivation. The level of impact of factors is ranked in descending order including learning environment, family and friends, selfperception, learning conditions, curriculum, and quality of lecturers.
... PCA was used to calculate the weights of the indicators, whereby the factor scores of the first principal component were used as weights. This is a standard procedure widely adopted in many studies where the first principle components' factor loadings, that is normally expressed in terms of the original indicator, serve as the composite indicator (Greco et al., 2019;Greyling & Tregenna, 2017;OECD, 2008;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). The rationale for using the first principal component weight is that, since PCA is based on statistical variance, the first factor accounts for most of the variance in the data, as it has the indicators strongly loaded on the first factor. ...
Food insecurity elimination is a major focus of the Sustainable Development Goals and addresses one of the most pressing needs in developing countries. With the increasing incidence of food insecurity, poverty, and inequalities, there is a need for realignment of agriculture that aims to empower especially the rural poor smallholders by increasing productivity to improving food security conditions. Repositioning the agricultural sector should avoid general statements about production improvement, instead, it should tailor to location-specific recommendations that fully acknowledge the local spatial diversity of the natural resource base that largely determines production potentials under current low input agriculture. This paper aims to deconstruct the complex and multidimensional aspect of food insecurity and provides policymakers with an approach for mapping the spatial dimension of food insecurity. Using a set of GIS-based indicators, and a small-area approach, we combine Principal Component Analysis and GIS spatial analysis to construct one composite index and four individual indices based on the four dimensions of food security (access, availability, stability, and utilization) to map the spatial dimension of food insecurity in Vihiga County, Kenya. Data were collected by the use of a geocoded household survey questionnaire. The results reveal the existence of a clear and profound spatial disparity of food insecurity. Mapping food insecurity using individual dimension indices provides a more detailed picture of food insecurity as compared to the single composite index. Spatially disaggregated data, a small area approach, and GIS-based indicators prove valuable for mapping local-level causa-tive factors of household food insecurity. Effective policy approaches to combat food insecurity inequalities should integrate spatially targeted interventions for each dimension of food insecurity.
... We examined the relative influence of key underlying correlates using a binary multiple logistic regression incorporating environmental (NDVI, elevation, distances from PAs, main road network and rivers) and anthropogenic variables (the proportion of land converted to agriculture and settlement (Table 1). Before running the model, variables showing multicollinearity, i.e., having a Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) greater than 10, were identified and dropped from the model [42]. We examined annual, seasonal and time of day effects on crop foraging incidents using the Kruskal-Wallis or the Mann-Whitey U-test. ...
A globally rapid land use/land cover change (LULC) in human-transformed landscapes alters the interface of human-wildlife interactions due to shifting socio-ecological and environmental pressures. Understanding these shifts is crucial for mitigating repeated negative interactions that escalate conflict states between people and wildlife. This study aimed to understand LULC changes over 30 years (1989-2019), with more recent spatio-temporal patterns of high pressure at the human-elephant interface, and potentially underlying environmental and human-driven factors that affect elephant movement patterns. We analyzed a dataset of 923 human-elephant conflict occurrences, mainly crop foraging incidents, in the Enduimet Wildlife Management Area (EWMA) between the years 2016 and 2020 and combined these data with LULC for year 2019 to understand potential drivers of conflict and assess how agricultural land and settlement have increased over time. We further used GPS datasets of elephants collared between 2019 to 2020 to understand elephant movement patterns in changing land use types. Landsat image analysis revealed that 41% of the area had been converted into farmlands and settlements within the last three decades, which creates elephant-intolerant habitats and the potential to increase pressure at the human-elephant interface. Collared elephants using EWMA moved through all land use types and did not avoid settlements, although they moved through these at higher speeds, reflecting perception of risk. Elephants travelled slightly more slowly in farmland, likely reflecting the availability of foraging opportunities. Our analysis shows that human-induced LULC changes and the encroachment into elephant habitats have resulted in spatially and temporally predictable increases in HEC in EWMA, driven by the proximity of farmlands and protected areas (PAs), so that incompatible land uses are the principal drivers of damage to human livelihoods and increased risks to Tanzanian (and Kenyan) natural capital. Communities in Enduimet urgently need support to increase the effective distance between their farming activities and the PAs. Village-level crop protection and small-scale land-use planning around PAs are important first steps to halt an escalating conflict situation but need to be supported with longer-range strategies that separate incompatible land-use types and encourage the cultivation of alternative crops and livelihood diversification. Citation: Sanare, J.E.; Valli, D.; Leweri, C.; Glatzer, G.; Fishlock, V.; Treydte, A.C. A
... A Shapiro-Wilk test was conducted to test the assumption of approximate normal distribution of the dependent variables. As ANOVAs and MANOVAs are robust against violations of normality (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007), they were still conducted if variables were not normally distributed. The sphericity requirement was tested using Mauchly's test of sphericity, and Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied in the case of violation. ...
Objective:
Mirror exposure (ME) is a therapeutic technique to improve body image disturbance. However, evidence on the effectiveness of different forms of ME in clinical populations is lacking. The present study therefore analysed effects of ME on trait-like and state measures of body image in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN).
Method:
The present study therefore analysed effects of ME on trait-like and state measures of body image in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). In total, 47 inpatients underwent 3 ME sessions guided by a therapist, with instructions to exclusively verbalise positively about their whole body. Participants completed questionnaires on trait-like eating pathology and body image at the start and end of the study, and instruments on state affect and body satisfaction were administered directly before and after each ME session. Subjective physiological arousal and emotional valence relating to each body part were assessed within each session.
Results:
The results indicate significant improvements in eating pathology and body image regarding trait-like measures in patients with AN and BN. Concerning state measures, negative affect significantly decreased and body satisfaction increased during ME. Physiological arousal decreased and positively valenced emotions relating to the various body parts increased.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that positively verbalising about one's body during ME improves eating pathology, body image, affect, and subjective physiological arousal, and thus seems to be an effective form of ME.
... In other matters, both instruments obtained a single-factor scale with a computed cumulative contribution rate of 57.17% (QSS-CS) y 53.09% (BSPQ-OSCE) and with factor loadings within an acceptable range. A cumulative contribution rate above 50% and sufficient factor loadings have been reported as indicators of good construct validity (23). It was reported in previous QSS-CS research that three components explained 51.27% of the total variance (14). ...
Introduction: Nursing education has been incorporating different teaching and learning methodologies to achieve the development of competencies for nurses. Clinical simulation is a strategy that allows the development of these tools and has been incorporated into the undergraduate and postgraduate training curricula.
In this sense, a broad evaluation of the insertion of these methodologies is necessary.
Aim: To assess the psychometric properties of the quality and satisfaction survey of clinical simulation and brief scale perception of the quality of the objective structured clinical examination in Chilean nursing students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study with a self-administrated survey was applied in a convenience sample of 96 Chilean nursing students. Through internal consistence was determined the reliability of the instruments. Validities were established by content
and construct. To compare the means, one-way analyses of variance with post hoc Tukey HSD were performed.
Results: The quality and satisfaction survey of clinical simulation entire scale obtained a Cronbach`s alpha of 0.942, and the Corrected Item-Total Correlations ranged from 0.356 to 0.817.
The brief scale of perception of the quality of objective structured clinical examination entire scale obtained a Cronbach`s alpha of 0.810, and the Corrected Item-Total Correlations ranged from 0.325 to 0.701. No significant statistical differences between groups were found.
Conclusions: The quality and satisfaction survey of clinical simulation and brief scale of perception of the quality of objective structured clinical examination demonstrated sound psychometric properties for assessing the perception of the quality and satisfaction about clinical simulation and perception of the quality of objective structured clinical examination, each one. Both in Chilean nursing students.
Keywords (MeSH): Simulation Training, Educational Measurement, Nursing Education, Nursing Education Research.
... It is a process that involves testing the appropriateness of the samples using Bartlett's test of sphericity and measuring the sampling adequacy using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO). Bartlett's test requires the items to be statistically significant, while any value above 0.6, as stated by Tabachnick and Fidell (2007), is considered acceptable. The results of the tests are shown in Table 4. ...
The study’s main purpose is to determine the adoption of digital innovations in a developing country that is continuously introduced on different service platforms. A quantitative approach is taken in the research where structured questionnaires based on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model have been used to collect primary data. A total of 821 responses were selected for analysis using structural equation modelling. The findings suggest that the UTAUT model indicates a good fit for determining the behavioural intention to adopt incremental innovations in digital platforms. The model as a whole explains 31.6% of the total variance in the behavioural intention to adopt. Out of the four variables in the UTAUT model, social influence (SI) is seen to have no significant relationship with that of behavioural intention. However, the other three factors, namely performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE) and facilitating conditions (FC), do have a significant impact on the behavioural intention to adopt incremental innovations. FC has the greatest influence on the behavioural intention, followed by PE and EE. But important factors like age, gender, internet experience and voluntariness to use that are considered moderators are not seen to impact this aspect. Research focussing on radical innovations is quite abundant in past literature; however, those focusing on incremental innovations are quite scarce. This research, focussing on the adoption of incremental innovation in digital platforms in a developing country with a digital divide situation, is indeed a novel attempt.
JEL Classification: O1, O2, O320
... With no exception the correlations among variables were significantly different from 1, establishing discriminant validity. Intercorrelations among independent variables were below 0.70, indicating that multicollinearity was not a problem (Hurley, 1995;Tabachnick and Fidell, 1989). The shared variances for the scales used in the study ranged from a low of 2% to a high of 38%, with the average variances extracted ranging between 64% and 78%, indicating discriminant validity between all constructs (Fornell and Larcker, 1981). ...
The purpose of this paper is to extend to previous research and aims to examine the effect of innovation and sharing knowledge on the performance of state owned enterprises (SOEs) in Iran. Theories of innovation and knowledge management are combined with a strategic model to examine a survey of 110 Iranian public sector managers and frontline employees in Tehran. The findings include: 1) innovativeness is associated with improved business performance, job satisfaction, and overall performance; 2) A strong knowledge sharing is correlated with higher levels of organisational commitment, job satisfaction, and overall performance. All data were collected in a cross-sectional manner with public organisation bearing their own restrictions and, therefore, all we can conclude is that the role variables and their posited consequences are related at one point in time. The results of this research are critical and interesting for public managers. From empirical evidence, the authors found that SOE managers must regard organisational innovation and sharing knowledge as two essential strategic capabilities for a superior performance in terms of satisfaction and organisational commitment. He has accumulated a breadth of marketing experience for over 13 years before joining the academy. His research interests include marketing, cultural and individual differences, the social world and human experience and how patterns of thought and knowledge are influenced by social, political, and economic structures. He has published in Middle Journal of Management. Omid Tajeddini gained his MA in
... Table 1 presents the results of the JOPEF measure model The Table 1 shows the result of the final JOPEF Measurement Model indicators such as Cronbach alpha (α), composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE) including, factor loadings of all items of the study variables in the model yielded a better result. As shown in Table 1, the results of the convergent validity of the final hypothesized JOPEF model shows that factor loadings of all the items of the variables in the final JOPEF hypothesized model exceeded the minimum acceptable threshold of 0.7 (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). Also, the average variance extracted (AVE) exceed the minimum acceptable threshold value of 0.5 (Hair, William, Barry & Rolph, 2010). ...
This study examined the influence of job satisfaction on employees’ performance of hotel industry in Lagos State. The study adopted a structured questionnaires to collect data from 330 employees of 63 hotels in the 20 LGAs of Lagos State. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling. It arisen from the study that the relationship between job stress, promotion opportunity and supervisory support, and
employees’ performance are statistically significant. In addition, the relationship between payment system and workplace environment, and employees’ performance are not significant. The discoveries offer noteworthy
inferences for managers of hotels in Lagos State to give more attention to staff promotion matters for enhanced job performance. The findings further provides significant implication for hotel operators in Lagos State to take
staff support initiatives seriously. To the best of our knowledge, the study presents the first major study that proposed and validated job satisfaction and employees’ performance (JOPEF) model for hotels in Lagos State.
The new model provide hotel business operators, the government and academics with new insight into the association between job satisfaction and employees’ performance of hotels in an emerging economy.
... As a final part of the statistical analysis, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied [72]. The R package [73] was used to perform the MANOVA analysis. ...
(1) Background: The influence of tap water fittings construction and internal pipe-work on the release of heavy metals was investigated. (2) Methods: A statistical approach was applied for the examination of the chemistry of tap water in five different cities in southern Poland. In total, 500 samples were collected (from 100 to 101 samples in each city). The sampling protocol included information on the construction of the water supply network and the physicochemical parameters of measured tap water. (3) Results: The statistical analysis allowed to extract the crucial factors that affect the concentrations of trace elements in tap water. Age of connection, age of tap, age of pipe-work as well as material of connection, material of pipe-work and material of appliance reveal the most significant variability of concentrations observed for As, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. Calculated cancer risks (CRs) decrease with the following order of analysed elements Ni > Cd > Cr > As = Pb and can be associated with the factors that affect the appearance of such elements in tap water. The hazard index (HI) was evaluated as negligible in 59.1% of the sampling points and low in 40.1% for adults. For children, a high risk was observed in 0.2%, medium in 9.0%, negligible in 0.4%, and low for the rest of the analysed samples.
... Lai atbildētu uz pētījuma jautājumu, vai akadēmiskā pašefektivitāte darbojas kā mediatora faktors starp perfekcionismu un akadēmisko izdegšanas sindromu, tika izmantota daudzfaktoru soļu lineārā regresijas analīze, kā arī mediācijas efekta novērtējums ar Sobela testu (Preacher & Hayes, 2004). Lai daudzfaktoru regresijas vienādojuma lietošana attiecībā pret konkrētajiem datiem būtu atbilstoša, nepieciešams noteikt grupas lieluma atbilstību attiecībā pret neatkarīgo mainīgo lielumu skaitu (Tabachnick & Fidell, 1989), pārbaudīt regresijas vienādojuma mainīgo lielumu attiecību linearitāti, regresijas modeļa atlikumu neatkarību, kā arī homoskedasticitāti un noteikt, vai starp mainīgajiem lielumiem nepastāv multikolinearitāte un vai regresijas vienādojuma atlikumi izpilda normalitātes prasības. Tika koriģēti arī neiederīgie gadījumi (outliers), tāpēc no tālākas datu analīzes tiek izslēgti 33. ...
Relationships between the engagement of teachers in the workplace, emotional burnout and resilience
Una Birkāne & Guna Svence
University of Latvia
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the factors that predict the engagement of teachers
in the workplace, to carry out the adaptation of the Engaged Teacher Scale, ETS; Klassen,
Yerdelen & Durksen, 2013) among a sample of teachers, and to clarify the relationship between
ratings of teacher work engagement, emotional burnout and vitality. A sample of 380 teachers from several regions of Latvia, 344 women (91%) and 36 men (9%) participated in the research.
They completed the ETS, Maslach Burnout Inventory – General Survey (Maslach, Jackson & Leiter, 1996), and the Resilience scale (Wagnild & Young, 1993). The results showed that teachers’ engagement in work was positively predicted by resilience indicators, and negatively predicted by emotional burnout rates. There was a positive correlation between teacher work engagement ratings and resilience indices, as well as between work engagement ratings, resilience indices and the professional efficiency indicator included in the emotional burnout survey. Negative correlations were found between teacher work engagement ratings, resilience indices and cynicism.
Keywords: Teachers’ Engagement, work engagement, emotional burnout, resilience
... In view of this, the final JOSET Measurement Model yielded a better result hence, fit well with the data as shown in Figure 3. Table 2. As shown in Table 2, the results of the convergent validity of the final hypothesized JOSET model shows that factor loadings of all the items of the variables in the final JOSET hypthesesed model were statistically significant and exceeded the minimum acceptable threshold of 0.7 (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). Also, the average variance extracted (AVE) exceed the minimum acceptable threshold value of 0.5 (Hair, William, Barry & Rolph, 2010). ...
This study examined the impact of job satisfaction on employees' turnover intention within the hotel industry in Lagos State. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the data while partial least squares structural equation modelling was adopted for the analysis. It emerged from the study that the relationship between job stress, promotion opportunity, supervisory support and workplace environment and employees' turnover intention are statistically significant. Aside, the relationship between payment system and employees' turnover tendency is not significant. The findings provide significant implication for the government of Lagos State to ensuring that hotel operators provide hazards-free facilities for staff. Apart, hotel managers should ensure that policy-trust capable of mitigating interferences of work by employee's family, and social obligations are put in place. It is further implying that hotel operators should give more attention to staff promotion to limit staff turnover tendency. The study contributes to the body of knowledge as it proposed and validated job satisfaction, and employees' turnover intention (JOSET) model from a non-western context. The results also provide hotel business operators, the government, and academics with new insight into the relationship between job satisfaction, and employees' turnover intention of hotels in an emerging economy.
... All scales departed from the assumption of normality, and two sets of transformed variables were created: log-transformed (i.e., ln of variable) and inverse transformation (i.e., 1/variable). The latter is advised when log-transforming is insufficient to reach approximation of normality (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). Main analyses were run using nontransformed variables, while sensitivity analyses were performed on transformed scales. ...
Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often experience co-occurring emotional problems. ADHD with this comorbidity is associated with poorer outcomes than ADHD without comorbidity. Better understanding of the etiology of comorbidity could improve prevention of negative outcomes for children with ADHD. The sample consisted of 567 twin pairs, 3,632 sibling pairs, and 2,340 cousin pairs from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Mothers rated offspring symptoms of ADHD, anxiety, and depression at 8 years of age. Biometric modeling was performed to examine genetic and environmental contributions to co-occurring symptoms of ADHD and emotional problems in the children. We fitted four variable (inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, anxiety, and depression) covariance matrices of additive genetic, common environmental, twin- and individual-specific environmental effects. Genetic, shared environmental, and individual-specific environmental factors contributed to the correlation between ADHD and depression. The pattern was similar for both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Familial risk factors (genetic and shared environment), but not individual-specific environmental factors contributed to the positive correlations between each of the two ADHD subdomains and anxiety. The genetic contributions to ADHD-depression comorbidity only partly overlapped with genetic contributions to ADHD-anxiety comorbidity. Our findings indicate that shared risk factors for ADHD and comorbid depression were familial as well as individual-specific, while shared risk factors for ADHD and comorbid anxiety were primarily familial. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
... Second, we will compare those who are lost to outcome assessment with those available on baseline characteristics and response until dropout. If a statistical model predicting discontinuation can be developed, it can serve as the basis for inverse propensity weighting, a method that gives more weight to patients who are similar to those lost to follow-up [31]. Alternatively, Little [32] suggests that non-MAR situations are best handled by simple sensitivity analyses, where the assumptions are clear. ...
Studies of active duty service members have shown that military personnel who screen positive for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more than twice as likely to make a suicide attempt. Evidence-based PTSD treatments can reduce suicidal ideation; however, it can be challenging to provide evidence-based, trauma-focused, PTSD treatment to high-risk patients on an acute psychiatric inpatient unit because the priority of care is stabilization. Treatment for PTSD requires more time and resources than are typically afforded during inpatient hospitalizations. Written Exposure Therapy is an evidence-based, five-session, trauma-focused treatment for PTSD that may overcome the implementation challenges of providing PTSD treatment in an acute inpatient psychiatric treatment setting. This paper describes the design, methodology, and protocol of a randomized clinical trial. The goal of the study is to determine if five 60-min sessions of Written Exposure Therapy enhanced with Crisis Response Planning for suicide risk reduces the presence, frequency, and severity of suicidal ideation, suicidal behavior, rehospitalization, and non-suicidal, self-injurious behaviors. The study also will determine if Written Exposure Therapy for Suicide reduces posttraumatic stress symptom severity among military service members, veterans, and other adult military beneficiaries admitted to an acute psychiatric inpatient unit for comorbid suicide ideation or attempt and PTSD symptoms compared with Treatment as Usual. The study is designed to enhance the delivery of care for those in acute suicidal crisis with comorbid PTSD symptoms.
... Once all effect sizes are calculated and converted to a standardised mean difference (as described in detail below), we will examine the data for outliers. We will define outliers as any effect sizes ±3.29 SDs from the mean, following the guidance of Tabachnick and Fidell (2007). Outliers will be windsorised as described by the authors, and as is suggested for outliers in meta-analysis (Lipsey & Wilson, 2001). ...
This review builds on 3ie's (international initiative for impact evaluation) evidence gap map (EGM) of the impact evaluation and systematic review (SR) evidence base of interventions aiming to promote peaceful and inclusive societies in fragile contexts. The EGM identified a cluster of studies evaluating gender equality‐focused behaviour change communication programmes and raised interest in investigating the evidence base for understanding the role of women more broadly as agents of change in developing peaceful and inclusive societies. Building on the cluster of evidence identified in the EGM, our review will increase generalisability of findings from single studies and focus on interventions across a broad range of geographical locations, settings and populations, types of implementations and outcomes. We will also address (when possible) the identified gaps in literature regarding metaanalysis in conflict‐affected contexts. As such, we propose the following objectives: (1) The primary objective of this review is to identify, assess and synthesise evidence on the effect of gender specific and gender transformative interventions within the context of the four pillars of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325 on women's empowerment and gender equality in Fragile and Conflict Affected States/Situations (FCAS). The SR will facilitate the use of evidence in informing policy and practice decisions within the field of transition aid, particularly as it relates to gender focused programming. (2) Our second objective is to assess how these interventions contribute to inclusive and sustainable peace in conflict affected situations. We will compare the effectiveness of these different types of interventions through the lenses of their ecological level, types of impact on women's empowerment, local context of gender inequality and conflict. To achieve these objectives we aim to answer the following questions: (1) What are the impacts of gender transformative and specific interventions on women's empowerment and gender equality in FCAS? (2) What are the effects of these interventions on sustainable peace? (3) To what extent do effects vary by population group, ecological level and types of interventions? (4) What are contextual barriers to and facilitators of intervention effectiveness?
... To ascertain whether Logistic Regression models could be used for our analysis and to ensure the validity of the data, all assumptions were tested. The sample size of 3,175 was deemed adequate given the number of predictor variables (42). The assumption of no multicollinearity was also met. ...
Background and Objective: Shared decision making (SDM) has been associated with positive outcomes at child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS). However, implementing SDM is sometimes challenging. Understanding the factors associated with parent/carer experience of SDM could provide empirical evidence to support targeted efforts to promote SDM. This study aimed to explore the frequency of parent/carer-reported experience of SDM and examine possible associations between SDM and clinician's perceptions of the (a) children's and young people's psychosocial difficulties, (b) additional complex problems, and (c) impact of the psychosocial difficulties.
Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on administrative data collected from CAMHS between 2011 and 2015. The sample was composed of 3,175 cases across 58 sites in England. Frequencies were recorded and associations were explored between clinician-reported measures and parent/carer-reported experiences of SDM using a two-level mixed-effect logistic regression analytic approach.
Results: Almost 70% of parents/carers reported experiencing higher levels of SDM. Individual-level variables in model one revealed statistically significant ( p <0.05) associations suggesting Asian parents/carers (OR = 1.95, 95% CI [1.4, 2.73]) and parents/carers having children with learning difficulties (OR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.06, 1.97]) were more likely to report higher levels of SDM. However, having two parents/carers involved in the child's care and treatment decisions (OR = 0.3, 95% CI [0.21, 0.44]) and being a parent/carer of a child or young person experiencing conduct problems (OR = 0.78, 95% CI [0.63, 0.98]) were associated with lower levels of SDM. When adjusting for service level data (model two) the presence of conduct problems was the only variable found to be significant and predicted lower levels of SDM (OR = 0.29, 95% CI [0.52, 0.58]).
Conclusion: Multilevel modelling of CAMHS administrative data may help identify potential influencing factors to SDM. The current findings may inform useful models to better predict and support SDM.
... Furthermore, the result of the final hypothesized measurement indicators such as Cronbach alpha (α), composite reliability (CR), and average variance extracted (AVE), including factor loadings of all items of the study variables yielded a better result as presented in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the results of the convergent validity of the final hypothesized model shows that the factor loadings of all items of the study variables were statistically significant and exceeded the minimum acceptable threshold of 0.7 (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). Also, the average variance extracted (AVE) exceed the minimum acceptable threshold value of 0.5 (Hair et al., 2010). ...
Studies that examined the association between personality traits and employees' job performance in respect of hotels in Lagos State, Nigeria is under reported. The current study therefore filled this research gap. The study adopted a quantitative research design, hence used structured questionnaires to collect data from 332 employees of 63 hotels across the 20 LGAs in Lagos State. Data that were collected was analyzed using Partial Least Squares_SEM. The result show that three of the five tested hypotheses, that is con-scientiousness, openness to experience, and extraversion traits supported job performance in respect of hotels in Lagos State, Nigeria. This implies that exhibition of conscientiousness trait such as been dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, perseveres and hard-working inclines to enhance job performance in hotel industry in Lagos State. In addition, demonstration of openness to experience attributes such as been original, curious, imaginative, refined, and multifaceted tend to stimulate job performance in hotel industry in Lagos State. Furthermore, displaying extraversion traits such as been sociable, passionate, and bold are essential for job performance in hotels in Lagos State. By confirming the link between personality traits and employees' performance, this study offers an insight on personality traits that stimulate job performance in hotels in Lagos State. Therefore, managers and operators of hotel business in Lagos State can maximize employees' performance in their respective organizations by implementing human resources policies gear towards recruitment of staff that believes in originality, teamwork and team-building including, training of staff to imbibe the culture of forgiveness, and acceptance of others' view. Again, sociable and enthusiasm staff should be assigned to strategic frontline units of the hotel.
... They were computed for all reasoning and typing trials. Outliers were excluded using the ±3.29 SD criterion for each participant (Tabachnick and Fidell, 2007). Data were then averaged across all trials, including task types (reasoning, typing) and presentation modalities (visual, auditory). ...
Driving is an important skill for older adults to maintain an independent lifestyle, and to preserve the quality of life. However, the ability to drive safely in older adults can be compromised by age-related cognitive decline. Performing an additional task during driving (e.g., adjusting the radio) increases cognitive demands and thus might additionally impair driving performance. Cognitive functioning has been shown to be positively related to physical activity/fitness such as cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness. As such, a higher fitness level might be associated with higher cognitive resources and may therefore benefit driving performance under dual-task conditions. For the first time, the present study investigated whether this association of physical fitness and cognitive functioning causes an indirect relationship between physical fitness and dual-task driving performance through cognitive functions. Data from 120 healthy older adults (age: 69.56 ± 3.62, 53 female) were analyzed. Participants completed tests on cardiovascular fitness (cardiorespiratory capacity), motor coordinative fitness (composite score: static balance, psychomotor speed, bimanual dexterity), and cognitive functions (updating, inhibition, shifting, cognitive processing speed). Further, they performed a virtual car driving scenario where they additionally engaged in cognitively demanding tasks that were modeled after typical real-life activities during driving (typing or reasoning). Structural equation modeling (path analysis) was used to investigate whether cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness were indirectly associated with lane keeping (i.e., variability in lateral position) and speed control (i.e., average velocity) while dual-task driving via cognitive functions. Both cardiovascular and motor coordinative fitness demonstrated the hypothesized indirect effects on dual-task driving. Motor coordinative fitness showed a significant indirect effect on lane keeping, while cardiovascular fitness demonstrated a trend-level indirect effect on speed control. Moreover, both fitness domains were positively related to different cognitive functions (processing speed and/or updating), and cognitive functions (updating or inhibition), in turn, were related to dual-task driving. These findings indicate that cognitive benefits associated with higher fitness may facilitate driving performance. Given that driving with lower cognitive capacity can result in serious consequences, this study emphasizes the importance for older adults to engage in a physically active lifestyle as it might serve as a preventive measure for driving safety.
... EFA was performed on group 1, and CFA of the new model was performed on group 2 [37,51]. Items with factor loadings � 0.40 were retained in the model [12,37,52]. Factorability was measured using inter-item correlations (� 0.50), the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy (� 0.80), and Bartlett's test of sphericity (p > 0.05). ...
The contemporary concept of sexual counseling for women with sexual problems, distress, and female sexual dysfunction (FSD) includes tailored medical and/or psychological intervention. The dual control model and the Sexual Excitation/Sexual Inhibition Inventory for Women (SESII-W) are helpful for identifying risk factors and tailoring therapy for FSD. The current study aimed to (1) validate the Polish translation of the SESII-W in a sample of Polish women, and (2) verify the usefulness of the SESII-W in clinical practice. Five hundred nine white women age 18 to 55 years old ( M ± SD age = 39.7 ± 11.3 years) were included in this cross-sectional study. Linguistic validation of the Polish translation of the SESII-W was first performed. A battery of tests was then used to evaluate reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, measurement invariances, and correlations between the SESII-W and other measures. Given that the original version of the SESII-W had unsatisfactory model fit, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were subsequently performed. Results showed a new final model that included 26 items with seven lower- and two higher-order factors and explained 58.9% of the variance in the data, with CFI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.05 and χ ² = 693.39, p < 0.001. Cronbach’s α was 0.77 for Sexual Excitation (SE) and 0.88 for Sexual Inhibition (SI) scales. A moderate negative association between SI and the presence of FSD according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria was noted. SE was positively associated with engaging in risky sexual behaviors, Extraversion and Openness to Experiences traits, and was negatively correlated with relationship quality. Finally, age was negatively correlated with all domains of the SESII-W except Arousal Contingency. SE and SI were both lower in older women as compared to younger once. These results demonstrate that the Polish version of SESII-W shows good psychometric properties. A higher propensity for SI was associated with the presence of sexual problems, distress, and FSD, whereas a higher propensity for SE was associated with greater engagement in risky sexual behaviors and personality type. However, future studies on larger and more diverse populations are required to confirm the replicability of the factor structure of the scale.
... In context of fast-food industry (Naderi et al. 2018;A. Namin, 2017), restaurant stimuli play a crucial role in creating customer satisfaction (Tabachnick and Fidell 1989;Yinghua Liu 2009;Ryu and Han 2010a, Dutta et al. 2014a, 2014b Yinghua Liu 2009). In Pakistan, fast food industry is rapidly growing over last decade. ...
The purpose of this paper is to present an integrative model of predictors and outcome of customer satisfaction in the fast food industry and also examined its effects. Moreover, we also examined the contingent effect of social trust on the relationship between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Both offline survey and online survey were conducted with four hundred Pakistani fast food customers; valid data were assessed and analyzed through structural equation modeling and moderation step-by-step approach. Results demonstrate that restaurant stimuli such as food quality, service quality, restaurant atmosphere, restaurant location, price and a variety of food have strong significant effects on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction engendered brand loyalty. Social trust has a positive significant impact on the relationship between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Customers with high social trust have a positive strong bonding with restaurants than those who held low social trust. This study has practical implications for both restaurateurs and government. Restaurateurs should keep a close eye on the changing needs of the customer, ensure the safety standards of foods, disclose the menu information, and permit to often visit the kitchen; in this way it strengthens consumer specific trust and general trust on society. Moreover, the government can take an initiative to set proper policy and maintain the food safety standards by regulation.
... The KMO value should be above .60 [124], so we can proceed EFA after getting the satisfactory results [125]. We used principal component extraction method and Varimax rotation to comprehend the fundamental structure of measures [126]. ...
The study is to present an integrative model of predictors and outcome of customer satisfaction in the fast food sector of Pakistan and also examine its effects. Moreover, we also examined the contingent effect of social trust and corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Offline and online survey was conducted with four hundred fast food customers; valid data were assessed and analyzed through structural equation modeling and moderation step-by-step approach. Results demonstrate that restaurant stimuli such as food quality, service quality, atmosphere, price, restaurant location and a variety of food have strong significant effects on customer satisfaction, and customer satisfaction engendered brand loyalty. Social trust has a positive significant impact on the relationship between customer satisfaction and brand loyalty, whereas on the other side CSR has insignificant impact on the association. The study has practical implications for both restaurateurs and government. Restaurateurs should ensure the safety standards of foods, and the government can take an initiative to set proper policy and maintain the food safety standards by regulation.
... An oblique promax rotation was selected under the assumption that the factors were not orthogonal. This assumption was supported by the correlation matrix, which had values greater than the recommended 0.32 cutoff (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007). Eigenvalues and a scree plot were examined to determine the number of factors to retain for rotation. ...
A variety of factors can influence satiation, and individual differences in reasons for meal termination may help to explain variability in food intake and susceptibility to overconsumption. We developed and validated a questionnaire to characterize the Reasons Individuals Stop Eating (RISE-Q). The initial RISE-Q was created by reviewing the published literature and identifying 47 reasons why individuals might stop eating. The RISE-Q asks respondents to rate how often each reason influences why they stop eating at a typical dinner meal by using a seven-point scale. Adults (N=477, 77% women) from a participant database completed a survey online that included the initial RISE-Q and the satiation-related Satiety Responsiveness and Food Responsiveness scales of the Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ). Self-reported height and weight were collected to calculate body mass index (BMI). The survey also assessed self-reported typical meal size. After factor analysis, the RISE-Q retained 31 items and identified five distinct scales of reasons for stopping eating: Decreased Food Appeal (mean±SD: 2.6±0.05, Cronbach’s α=0.89), Physical Satisfaction (5.0±0.04, α=0.85), Planned Amount (4.4±0.05, α=0.82), Self-Consciousness (2.4±0.05, α=0.88), and Decreased Priority of Eating (2.3±0.04, α=0.69). Thus, the most frequently reported reasons for meal termination were related to Physical Satisfaction and Planned Amount. Each RISE-Q scale was significantly correlated with at least one of the satiation-related AEBQ scales, suggesting that the RISE-Q has construct validity. RISE-Q scales were also correlated with BMI and measures of typical meal size. The RISE-Q provides a novel tool to assess differences across individuals in reported reasons for eating cessation. The RISE-Q can aid in further understanding risk factors for overconsumption and has potential clinical utility in the design of targeted weight-management interventions.
... p = 0.001; relative X² = 3.17; RMSEA = 0.058 (confidence interval at 90% = 0.051 -0.064); CFI = 0.91; SRMR = 0.054. Goodness-of-fit indices provide "rules of thumb" and some commonly accepted thresholds for adequately fitting models include values between two and five for the relative X², higher than 0.90 for CFI, lower than 0.08 for SRMR, and lower than 0.06 for RMSEA (Wheaton, Muthen, Alwin, & Summers, 1977;Hu & Bentler, 1998;Tabachnick & Fidell, 2007;Hooper, Coughlan, & Mullen, 2008;Kline, 2016). 11 Thus, the structural model possesses a reasonable fit to the data. ...
We integrate existing conceptual models of auditors’ professional skepticism with the Theory of Planned Behavior to develop an empirically testable model that explains the processes underlying the association between trait skepticism and skeptical actions. We use data from a sample of 663 auditors across all ranks who each completed an experiential questionnaire. The results reveal that partners and managers are more skeptical than seniors and staff and that individual differences and personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, narcissism, and psychopathy) are associated with differential levels of trait skepticism. In empirical tests of our conceptual model, we find that trait skepticism is positively associated with attitudes, subjective norms (i.e., social pressure to behave skeptically), and perceived behavioral control over skepticism (i.e., self-efficacy), which in turn affect intentions to act skeptically. Subjective norms are the strongest predictor of intentions. Attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are positively associated with skeptical actions (in terms of evidence collection and evaluation), and intentions to act skeptically positively mediate these associations. Results of testing the associations in our conceptual model do not differ by rank, revealing that antecedents to skeptical action do not differ based upon auditor experience.
... ve RMSEA'nin %90 düzeyindeki güven aralığı .036-.043 arasında bulunmuştur. RMSEA değerinin sıfıra yaklaşması ideal modelin habercisi olarak kabul edilmektedir (Tabachnick, 2001). Modelin uygunluğu için kriter olarak kullanılan CFI değeri .86 ...
Bankalarda finansal başarısızlığın tahmin edilmesi ile otoriteler tarafından gerekli tedbirlerin alınması ve ekonomiler üzerinde oluşabilecek zararların önlenebilme imkânı ortaya çıkacaktır. Bu konunun önemi 2008 küresel finansal krizinden sonra daha da artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, gelişmekte olan ekonomiler arasında yer alan BRICS (Brezilya, Rusya, Hindistan, Çin ve Güney Afrika) ülkeleri ve Türkiye'de faaliyet gösteren bankaların 2002-2019 döneminde finansal başarısızlıklarının panel logit yöntemi ile tahmin edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bankalarda finansal başarısızlık tahminine yönelik literatür araştırmasından sonra ampirik uygulama aşamasına geçilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, karlılık ile ilgili finansal değişkenlerin ve ekonomik büyüme göstergelerinin bankalarda başarısızlık olasılığını azaltan önemli bağımsız değişkenler olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuçlar aynı zamanda, bankaların küresel finansal krizden olumsuz etkilendiğini göstermiştir. Bunlara ek olarak, çalışmada uygulanan istatistiksel analiz yöntemi yüksek tahmin gücüne sahiptir.
In this research, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that determines the level of risk management practices in health and fitness facilities. The participants of this research consisted of 450 managers, 153 women and 257 men, working at health and fitness facilities in Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir. Item pool was created by the information, obtained from the international literature, leading associations in the health and fitness sector, sports managers, and sport scientists. Items were subjected to experts opinion twice, in terms of the clarity, the extent to which they belong and, the risk management measurement in general. All items were measured and sorted using a five-point Likert scale. Scale development process of the research was started with exploratory factor analysis (EFA), was conducted on data, obtained from 250 managers. Analysis was demonsrated that scale structure was consisted of 24 items and 3 dimensions (“construction and design”, “policy”, “member services”). Also EFA results were showed that total variance rate of the items in the scale was 61,160%. In the second stage of scale development process Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Second group of participants that, 200 managers were take parth this stage. CFA results were indicated that the model's goodness-of-fit indices of scale were within acceptable level. In addition, the reliability coefficient of the items in the dimensions of the Risk Management Scale in Health and Fitness Facilities (RMSHFF) was found out between 0.889 to 0.916 and 0.941 in general. As aresult, AFA and CFA analysis were introduced that, RMSHFF was a valid, reliable, and useful measurement tool for risk management practices in health and fitness facilities.
The following thesis considers the issue of reporting sexual victimization. The research asks: What factors contribute to a victim's decision not to report sexual assault to the police? The thesis utilizes the General Social Survey from 2009 examining data from those who reported being sexually assaulted between February of 2008 and February of 2009 (n=548). Cross tabulation analysis was run on the factors thought to influence decision making, against the reasons that people stated for not reporting their sexual assault to police. The perception of police bias by the victim, fear of revenge, and believing the incident was a personal matter were found to be significant in terms of the relationship to the offender as well as social networks. A multi-variate regression model was used in order to determine the odds ratios for a number of factors including the relationship of the offender, trust the victim has in family, whether or not they confided in social networks and their marital status. Results show that those who were assaulted by acquaintances or talked to medical personal were less likely to report, and those who were assaulted by family, talked to their families, or were married were more likely to report the assault. The findings of the study are consistent with the literature from the past thirty years in that victim blaming appears to still play a significant role in the decision to report to police or not. The research also indicates that social networks may play a critical role in the decisions of sexual assault victims, but ultimately concludes that this area is under researched and more research is needed.
Background
The types of older patients with multimorbidity (coexisting diseases) are highly heterogeneous and complex, which hampers delivering of individualized and patient-centered care to these patients.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to show how physical frailty, mental disorders, and cognitive impairment cluster together and how these clusters are associated with comorbidities, stressful events, and coping styles.
Methods
Participants were older individuals (≥60), attenders of PC, who were mobile and not suffering from dementia. For screening participants on physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and mental disorders, we used Fried`s phenotype model, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). For testing participants on coping styles, we used the 14-scale questionnaire Brief COPE. To identify clusters, we used the algorithm fuzzy k-means. To further describe the clusters, we examined differences in age, gender, number of chronic diseases and medications prescribed, some diagnoses of chronic diseases, life events, body mass index, renal function, expressed as the glomerular filtration rate, and coping styles.
Results
The most appropriate cluster solution was the one with three clusters, that were termed as: functional (FUN) (N=139), dysfunctional (DFUN) (N=81), and cognitively impaired (COG-IMP) (N=43). The cluster FUN was associated with positive reframing coping style. Religion and self-blame were coping mechanisms specifically associated only with cluster DFUN; self-distraction only with cluster COG-IMP; and these two latter clusters shared the mechanisms of behavioral disengagement and denial.
Conclusions
The research approach presented in this study could provide a new framework for decoding patient complexity. Gaining insights into this complexity is expected to improve personalized prevention and treatment strategies for older individuals with multimorbidity.
Background:
Across the globe, gender disparities still exist with regard to equitable access to resources, participation in decision-making processes, and gender and sexual-based violence. This is particularly true in fragile and conflict-affected settings, where women and girls are affected by both fragility and conflict in unique ways. While women have been acknowledged as key actors in peace processes and post-conflict reconstruction (e.g., through the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 and the Women, Peace and Security Agenda) evidence on the effectiveness of gender-specific and gender-transformative interventions to improve women's empowerment in fragile and conflict-affected states and situations (FCAS) remains understudied.
Objectives:
The purpose of this review was to synthesize the body of evidence around gender-specific and gender-transformative interventions aimed at improving women's empowerment in fragile and conflict-affected settings with high levels of gender inequality. We also aimed to identify barriers and facilitators that could affect the effectiveness of these interventions and to provide implications for policy, practice and research designs within the field of transitional aid.
Methods:
We searched for and screened over 100,000 experimental and quasi-experimental studies focused on FCAS at the individual and community levels. We used standard methodological procedures outlined by the Campbell Collaboration for the data collection and analysis, including quantitative and qualitative analyses, and completed the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) methodology to assess the certainty around each body of evidence.
Results:
We identified 104 impact evaluations (75% randomised controlled trials) assessing the effects of 14 different types of interventions in FCAS. About 28% of included studies were assessed as having a high risk of bias (45% among quasi-experimental designs). Interventions supporting women's empowerment and gender equality in FCAS produced positive effects on the outcomes related to the primary focus of the intervention. There are no significant negative effects of any included interventions. However, we observe smaller effects on behavioural outcomes further along the causal chain of empowerment. Qualitative syntheses indicated that gender norms and practices are potential barriers to intervention effectiveness, while working with local powers and institutions can facilitate the uptake and legitimacy of interventions.
Conclusions:
We observe gaps of rigorous evidence in certain regions (notably MENA and Latin America) and in interventions specifically targeting women as actors of peacebuilding. Gender norms and practices are important elements to consider in programme design and implementation to maximise potential benefits: focusing on empowerment only might not be enough in the absence of targeting the restrictive gender norms and practices that may undermine intervention effectiveness. Lastly, programme designers and implementation should consider explicitly targeting specific empowerment outcomes, promoting social capital and exchange, and tailoring the intervention components to the desired empowerment-related outcomes.
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