Back in the 1950s and 60s, basic and clinical research was fairly tightly connected in the United States and was largely done by physician-scientists who also treated patients [1]. That changed with the explosion of molecular biology in the 1970s. Clinical and basic research began to separate, and biomedical research emerged as a discipline in its own right and with its own training. The majority
... [Show full abstract] of biomedical research has been done by highly specialized PhD scientists and with physician-scientists now being in the minority [1, 2].