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First record of Euphorbia maculata L. (Euphorbiaceae) in Slovakia

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Pavol Elias at Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra
Pavol Elias
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Euphorbia maculata, a new alien species of Slovak flora was found near the Chatam Sófer memorial in Bratislava in July 2007. The species was growing in ruderal plant community of trampled soil on broken stone ballast. Brief information on the species distribution and origin is given.
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21
Thaiszia - J. Bot., Košice, 19: 21-25, 2009
http://www.bz.upjs.sk/thaiszia/index.html
T H A I S Z I A
T H A I S Z I AT H A I S Z I A
T H A I S Z I A
JOU RNA L O F
JOU RNA L O F JOU RNA L O F
JOU RNA L O F
BOT ANY
BOT ANYBOT ANY
BOT ANY
First record of Euphorbia maculata L.
(Euphorbiaceae) in Slovakia
P
AVOL
E
LIÁŠ JUN
.
Department of Botany, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, SK-949 76 Nitra,
Slovakia; e-mail pelias@afnet.uniag.sk
Eliáš P. jun. (2009): First record of Euphorbia maculata L.
(Euphorbiaceae) in Slovakia. – Thaiszia – J. Bot. 19: 21-25. – ISSN
1210-0420.
Abstract: Euphorbia maculata, a new alien species of Slovak flora
was found near the Chatam Sófer memorial in Bratislava in July
2007. The species was growing in ruderal plant community of
trampled soil on broken stone ballast. Brief information on the
species distribution and origin is given.
Keywords: Euphorbia maculata, new alien species, Slovakia.
Introduction
Small procumbent annual Euphorbia taxa with stipules and asymmetrical leaf
base are included in subgenus Chamaesyce (e. g. S
MITH
&
T
UTIN
1968,
M
ULLIGAN
&
L
INDSAY
1978, R
OSTAŃSKI
1992,
G
ELTMAN
1996) or separated into
freestanding but never generally accepted genus Chamaesyce S. F. Gray (e. g.
C
HRTEK
&
K
ŘÍSA
1992,
B
ENEDI
&
O
RELL
1992,
H
ERNDON
1993,
H
ÜGIN
1998, 1999).
According to recent DNA studies by Steinmann & Porter (2002) and Bruyns
et al.
(2006) the first mentioned concept seems to be more acceptable nowadays.
The number of native and naturalized taxa of this subgenus in Europe
differentiate among authors who recognize from six (S
MITH
&
T
UTIN
1968) to
eleven species (H
ÜGIN
1998, 1999). One of them is Euphorbia maculata L. [syn.
Chamaesyce maculata (L.) Small; Euphorbia supina Rafin.]. After S
MITH
&
T
UTIN
(1968) E. maculata is an annual herb, 10-17 cm tall. Stem is prostrate, richly
branched, ca 1 mm thick. Leaves opposite, stipules forming prickles, ciliate, leaf
blade long elliptic to reniform-oblong, often with an oblong purple spot in middle,
abaxially light green or gray-green, purple spot easily seen when fresh, invisible
when dry, both surfaces glabrous, base obliquely slightly attenuate-rounded,
22
margin entire below middle, finely serrulate above, apex obtuse. Cyathia from
nodes, peduncle 1-2 mm long; involucres narrowly cuplike, 0.7-1 × ca. 0.5 mm,
white pubescent outside, marginal lobes 5, triangular-rounded; glands 4, yellow-
green, transversely elliptic, appendages white. Capsule is 3-angular-ovoid, ca. 2
× 2 mm, smooth, sparsely pilose. Other detail data and determination keys were
published by H
ÜGIN
(1998, 1999) and R
ÖTHLISBERGER
(2007).
The species is native to North America from north-eastern Canada to
southern USA (G
LEASON
&
C
RONQUIST
1991), naturalised in southern and central
Europe (S
MITH
&
T
UTIN
1968,
H
ÜGIN
1998) and also being found in Middle and
South America (Mexico, Argentina, Peru, Chile), the Middle East (Israel, Syria),
eastern Asia (China, Taiwan, Japan), New Zealand and Australia (H
OLM
et al.
1979,
E
SLER
&
A
STRIDGE
1987,
K
ARZON
&
B
ÖCKER
2006). It grows in open sunny
locations and a variety of soils, and frequently found as a weed of gardens and
fields (S
MITH
&
T
UTIN
1968,
U
VA
et al. 1997).
Material and methods
The phytosociological relevé was sampled according to the Zürich-Montpellier
approach using the adapted Braun-Blanquet’s scale (B
ARKMAN
et al. 1964). All
nomenclature taxa except E. maculata are in accordance with M
ARHOLD
&
H
INDÁK
(1998); while nomenclature of E. maculata follows S
MITH
&
T
UTIN
(1968).
Herbarium specimens of the species were studied in four main Slovak herbaria
(BRA, NI, SAV, SLO) and herbarium vouchers collected by the author are stored
in herbarium NI. The herbarium abbreviations used follow H
OLMGREN
et al.
(1990).
Results and discussion
In July 2007, several Euphorbia maculata plants (Fig. 1) were found in the
area of the Chatam Sófer memorial in Bratislava. Occurrence of this species has
not been previously reported from Slovakia (see C
HRTEK
&
K
ŘÍSA
1982,
D
OSTÁL
&
Č
ERVENKA
1991, M
ARHOLD
&
H
INDÁK
1998). Likewise, no herbarium voucher of
the species originated from Slovakia was found in the main Slovak herbaria
during this study. It is, however surprising, because the species had been
already recorded in all neighbouring countries (Austria, Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland, Ukraine) ca 23 - 120 years ago (D
EGEN
1907,
Z
IMMERMANN
et
al. 1975, C
HRTEK
&
K
ŘÍSA
1992,
R
OSTAŃSKI
1992,
G
ELTMAN
1996), and the two
closest foreign locality, i.e. the settlements of Lednice in southern Moravia
(Č
ERNOCH
1955) and Gyır in north-western Hungary (S
CHMIDT
&
B
AUER
2005)
were revealed in 1950 and 2002 respectively.
The species was growing in ruderal plant community of trampled soil on
broken stone ballast. The vegetation composition is presented in the following
phytosociological relevé:
Slovakia, the Danube Lowland, Bratislava, trampled soil on broken stone
ballast in area of the Chatam Sófer memorial (48° 0 8` 30``N; 17° 05` 28``E),
sampled area 16 m
2
, 135 m s. l., E
1
10%, E
0
0%, July 16, 2007 (sampled by P.
23
E
LIÁŠ
jun.), E
1
: Euphorbia maculata 1, Convolvulus arvensis +, Polygonum
arenastrum +, Portulaca oleracea +, Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia +, Amaranthus
retroflexus r, Eragrostis minor r, Lactuca serriola r, Senecio vulgaris r.
Fig. 1. Herbarium specimen of Euphrobia maculata L. from Bratislava
24
The above mentioned vegetation is close to Euphorbia maculata-Portulaca
oleracea-community for the first time described by B
RANDES
(1993) from
Germany. Later, Č
ARNI
&
M
UCINA
(1998) evaluated it as an association
Portulaco-Euphorbietum maculatae belong to class Stellarietea mediae. The
association is characteristic for trampled and extremely warm sites in urban
areas and is found abundantly in Mediterranean Europe.
An origin of this species in Slovakia is still under speculation, but two possible
ways may be taken into consideration. Either spread by ornamental plants from
botanical gardens and/or by tourists. The spreading of E. maculata via an
American ornamental plant was firstly mentioned in 17. century in the London
botanical garden (Z
IMMERMANN
et al. 1975) and some authors regarded botanical
gardens as the main dispersal centres of E. maculata in Central Europe (G
ALERA
&
S
UDNIK
-W
ÓJCIKOWSKA
2004). The spreading by tourists can be connected with
railway traffic, since the species is very frequently found on railway stations and
rail lines (B
RANDES
1993).
Acknowledgements
My thanks are due to V.
F
ERÁKOVÁ
and M.
C
HYTRÝ
for help with species
determination and G.
K
IRÁLY
for valuable comments to the manuscript. The field
research was supported by grants of Scientific and Education Grant Agency of
Slovak Republic VEGA No. 1/0530/08 and 1/0086/08.
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Accepted: February 26
th
2009
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Article
  • Nov 2020
Euphorbia davidii Subils (=Euphorbia dentata Michx) та Euphorbia maculata L. – адвентивні види рослин північноамериканського походження, що вперше було виявлені в Україні на при кінці ХХ століття і відомі з небагатьох місцезнаходжень. В останні роки нами було знайдено декілька нових місцезнаходжень цих рослин на Півдні України. Euphorbia davidii виявлено в 2 локалітетах: м. Олешки Херсонської області та в околицях с. Прогресівка Березанського району Миколаївської області. Для Миколаївської області E. davidii наводиться нами вперше. Усі раніше відомі в Україні локалітети E. davidii приурочені до залізниць та портів, тобто вирогідних первинних осередків інвазії. Знайдено нами нові локалітети є досить віддаленими від первинних осередків інвазії, що свідчить про поширення E. davidii територією України в межах вторинного ареалу. Виявлені в останні роки нові місцезнаходження E. davidii – на залізниці в різних частинах України, та поява виду за межами первинних осередків інвазії вказує на тенденцію до натуралізації його в Україні. Euphorbia maculata знайдено в 7 локалітетах в Херсонській (м. Херсон та околиці, м. Скадовськ, околиці м. Олешки) та Дніпропетровській (м. Кривий Ріг) областях. Для Херсонської області E. maculata наводиться нами вперше. Значна кількість нових місцезнаходжень, в тому числі за межами первинних осередків розселення, висока чисельність особин в більшості з них, свідчить про успішну натуралізацію рослини. Принаймні в Херсонській області E. maculatа можна вважати епекофітом. Крім того у 2019 році E. maculata було знайдено нами в Азербайджані (м. Баку), де він є дуже рідкісним. З високою ймовірністю можна прогнозувати подальше поширення E. davidii та E. maculata в Україні.
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New floristic records from Central Europe 6 (reports 81-98)
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2020
The presented sixth part of the series includes 18 new chorological records of vascular plants, five from Poland and thirteen from Slovakia. In Poland, the first spontaneous occurrence of Clinopodium nepeta subsp. nepeta outside cultivation is reported from Kraków. Also new localities of Euphorbia maculata, Panicum capillare, Plantago coronopus and Symphyotrichum ciliatum from southern Poland were found. In Slovakia, new records of alien Cardamine occulta, Lindernia dubia, Nigella damascena, Pistia stratiotes (with map of known records), Sagittaria latifolia, Senecio inaequidens, Silybum marianum and Vinca major were done as well as autochthonous Cotoneaster melanocarpus, Herniaria hirsuta, Verbascum speciosum and Xeranthemum annuum.
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Phylogenetic Relationships in Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) Based on ITS and ndhF Sequence Data
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2002
The monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of the tribe Euphorbieae (Euphorbiaceae) were evaluated using separate weighted maximum parsimony analyses of nucleotide sequences of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and cpDNA coding region ndhF. The study included 223 ingroup species representing nearly all of the previously recognized genera, subgenera, and sections within the Euphorbieae and 4 outgroup taxa from the tribe Hippomaneae (Euphorbiaceae). Both the ITS and ndhF analyses support the monophyly of Euphorbieae in addition to the monophyly of its three subtribes, Anthosteminae, Neoguillauminiinae, and Euphorbiinae. Within Euphorbiinae, there are four major clades, only one of which corresponds with a previously recognized taxon; the three remaining clades are conglomerates of various subgenera and sections. The majority of the subtribe is composed of a paraphyletic Euphorbia. All other genera currently recognized in the subtribe are nested within Euphorbia. In addition, Synadenium and Endadenium are nested within Monadenium. Within Euphorbia, the majority of the currently recognized subgenera are either paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Biogeographical patterns examined in light of the molecular evidence suggest that the tribe Euphorbieae arose in Africa, possibly before the breakup of Gondwanaland, at which time the major lineages of subtribe Euphorbiinae were already present. It is argued that the best solution for Euphorbia classification is a broad circumscription of Euphorbia that contains all of the about 2000 species of the subtribe Euphorbiinae.
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Eisenbahnanlagen als Untersuchungsgegenstand der Geobotanik
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 1993
Eisenbahnanlagen als Untersuchungsgegenstand der Geobotanik -Dietmar Brandes -Zusammenlassung Die vorliegende Arbeit faßt den gegenwärtigen Stand unserer Kenntnisse über Flora und Vegetation der Eisenbahnanlagen zusammen. Bahnflächen sind in Mitteleuropa als gut dränierte, sich leicht erwär-mende und relativ nährstoffarme Sonderstandorte interessant. Die Hcrbizidanwendung im Frühjahr be-günstigt indirekt zahlreiche Wärmekeimer, unter denen viele Adventive sind. Neben der Frage, welche Arten typisch für Eisenbahnanlagen sind, wird großes Gewicht auf die in jüngster Zeit zu beobachtende Dynamik gelegt. Nach Eragrostis minor und Amaranthus retroflexus dehnten sich Atriplex rosea, Salsola ruthenica und Senecio inaequidens aus, neuerdings Kochia scoparia ssp. densiflora. Die Verbreitung der Arten entlang der Eisenbahnstrecken wird untersucht, die verschiedenen Ausbreitungsmöglichkciten dis-kutiert. Abschließend wird die Bedeutung von Eisenbahnanlagen für den Naturschutz untersucht. Abstract This paper summarizes current knowledge on the flora and Vegetation of railway facilitics. Railway areas in central Europe are of interest äs special Stands which are well drained, relatively poor in nutrients, and warm up easily. The application of herbicides in spring indirectiy favours numerous species germina-ting only under warmer conditions, which include many aliens. Besides the question which species are ty-pical for railway facilitics, great importance is placed on the recent dynamics. Atriplex rosea, Salsola ruthe-nica and Senecio inaequidens, and lately Kochia scoparia ssp. densiflora are spreading, äs did Eragrostis mi-nor and Amaranthus retroflexus. The spreading of species along the railways is examined, and various dis-persal, possibilities are discussed. The importance of railway facilities for nature conservancy is also inve-stigated.
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A New Subgeneric Classification for Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) in Southern Africa Based on ITS and psbA-trnH Sequence Data
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2006
We use data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear rDNA cistron and the chloroplast psbA-trnH intergenic spacer to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among southern African species of Euphorbia. The results indicate that major re-organization is necessary of the groupings within Euphorbia that have been recognised in the past, since most of them turn out to be polyphyletic. Furthermore, in its present circumscription, Euphorbia itself is not monophyletic, nor do the southern African species form a monophyletic group. Both datasets show that the southern African species fall into four major groups, which we recognise as subgenera: Chamaesyce Raf., Esula Pers., Euphorbia and Rhizanthium (Boiss.) Wheeler. To accommodate the southern African species, subg. Chamaesyce is divided into sect. Chamaesyce, sect. Frondosae Bruyns, sect. nov., sect. Articulofruticosae Bruyns, sect. nov. and sect. Espinosae Pax & Hoffm. Subgenus Euphorbia is divided into sect. Euphorbia, sect. Monadenium (Pax) Bruyns, sect. Goniostema H. Baill. ex Boiss. and sect. Tirucalli Boiss. To re-establish the monophyly of Euphorbia, the genera Endadenium L. C. Leach, Monadenium Pax and Synadenium Boiss. are reduced to synonymy under Euphorbia subg. Euphorbia sect. Monadenium and the species are all transferred to Euphorbia. Consequently the subtribe Euphorbiinae now consists of the single, very large, very widely distributed and very diverse genus Euphorbia. Three of the subgenera (Chamaesyce, Esula, Euphorbia) are nearly cosmopolitan, showing the great age and wide extent of the radiation that has occurred within Euphorbia. The remaining subg. Rhizanthium is mainly African.
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Adatok a Kisalföld flórájának ismeretéhez IV.
Article
  • Jan 2021
Dolgozatunkban a Kisalföld határainkon belülre eső területén 2015-2020 közötti időszakban végzett florisztikai kutatások legfontosabb eredményeit ismertetjük. Az előfordulási adatok felsorolását követően értékelésre kerül országos vagy regionális jelentőségük, növényföldrajzi, természetvédelmi szerepük. A felsorolásban 52 fajról szerepelnek új adatok, amelyek közül 40 hazánkban természetes (honos) előfordulású, 12 idegenhonos elem. Eredményeink közül kiemelendő a Kisalföldre nézve új Gagea minima megtalálása, az Epipactis tallosii két új állományának felfedezése, a Polystichum setiferum előfordulásának bizonyítása, továbbá több gyomjellegű növény (Apera interrupta, Calepina irregularis, Erigeron sumatrensis, Euphorbia prostrata, Panicum dichotomiflorum) új lelőhelyeinek kimutatása. Jelentősebben bővítjük az ismereteket az Erysimum hieraciifolium szigetközi, a Succisella inflexa rábaközi, és az Ornithogalum × degenianum Marcal-medencei elterjedéséhez. Adatokat közlünk közutak mentén terjedő (Atriplex micrantha, Dittrichia graveolens, Eleusine indica), valamint dísznövényként ültetett (Pennisetum alopecuroides, Sedum pallidum) adventív fajokról.
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Distribution and ecology of Chamaesyce species in Central Europe, Northern Italy and South of France
Article
  • Jan 1999
Past and present distribution of the following Chamaesyce species are presented: Ch. canescens, Ch. glyptosperma, Ch. humifusa, Ch. maculata, Ch. nutans, Ch. prostrata, Ch. serpens. Distribution maps (on the basis of UTM grid), illustrations of abundance ratio and altitudinal distribution as well as further information concerning climatic and edaphic factors are given. Alteration distribution areas in relation with synecological behaviour reveal that the ecological defined range limits are not yet reached. Therefore, the range expansion of Chamaesyce cannot be interpreted as a result of climatic change. Further alteration of distribution areas as well as additional neophytic Chamaesyce species are to be expected.
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Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada
Article
  • May 2004
Phylogenetic hypotheses for the largely South African genus Pelargonium L'Hér. (Geraniaceae) were derived based on DNA sequence data from nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondrial encoded regions. The datasets were unequally represented and comprised cpDNA trnL­F sequences for 152 taxa, nrDNA ITS sequences for 55 taxa, and mtDNA nad 1 b/c exons for 51 taxa. Phylogenetic hypotheses derived from the separate three datasets were overall congruent. A single hypothesis synthesising the information in the three datasets was constructed following a total evidence approach and implementing dataset specific stepmatrices in order to correct for substitution biases. Pelargonium was found to consist of five main clades, some with contrasting evolutionary patterns with respect to biogeographic distributions, dispersal capacity, pollination biology and karyological diversification. The five main clades are structured in two (subgeneric) clades that correlate with chromosome size. One of these clades includes a "winter rainfall clade" containing more than 70% of all currently described Pelargonium species, and all restricted to the South African Cape winter rainfall region. Apart from (woody) shrubs and small herbaceous rosette subshrubs, this clade comprises a large "xerophytic" clade including geophytes, stem and leaf succulents, harbouring in total almost half of the genus. This clade is considered to be the result of in situ proliferation, possibly in response to late­Miocene and Pliocene aridification events. Nested within it is a radiation comprising c. 80 species from the geophytic Pelargonium section Hoarea , all characterised by the possession of (a series of) tunicate tubers.
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Kritische Bemerkungen und Vorschläge zur quantitativen Vegetationsanalyse
Article
  • Oct 1964
  • PLANT BIOLOGY
Starting from the general principles of the Zürich-Montpellier school for the description of vegetation by means of field estimations of abundance, cover etc., the authors criticise the scales adopted by most workers, and some of their interpretations. The following analytical characters of vegetation, and methods of estimation, are discussed: height (layering, recognition of synusiae), peripheral and internal cover, density, abundance, sociability, vitality, fertility, and phenological stage of taxa or layers. The main weaknesses of the usual scales for estimation of these characters (see list of references) are considered to be: 1. The use of combined scales for estimation of abundance and cover, and of vitality and fertility. 2. The lack of equivalence in the range of values for each class in most of the existing scales. 3. The limited range of some of the scales, and the absence of provision for more detailed estimations. 4. The inexact definition of degrees of abundance and sociability in the Braun-Blanquet scale. 5. The confusion about the concept of density. A number of proposals is made for the use of scales with closer intervals, based on decimal, logarithmic or other systems. These leave less room for personal interpretation, and are more suitable for subsequent calculations and autecological studies. A method of reducing errors by carrying out certain estimations in two successive steps is suggested, e.g. by estimating peripheral and internal percentage cover (Fig. 1) separately and multiplying both values to obtain real cover. The proposed scales have been tested in routine field work by the authors and other workers in a wide range of vegetation types. An example is given of an analysis of Dutch coastal sand dune vegetation in which some of the proposed scales have been applied. The authors hope that their proposals for a more accurate description of vegetation will help to consolidate the basic principles underlying the Braun-Blanquet system of classification.
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The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand 2. Records of introduction and naturalisation
Article
  • Oct 1987
Written records, herbarium specimens and recent plant finds are used to ascribe 615 alien species to six naturalisation periods from pre-1840 to 1985. An average of one species naturalising every 88 days (4.12 per year) is being maintained. Europe, Asia, and N. Africa have contributed more than half the species. Plants introduced deliberately made up one third of the naturalised species in 1900 and now account for nearly half. One hundred and three plant families are represented.
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The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand 1. The introduction and spread of alien plants
Article
  • Oct 1987
The study covers 308 km of the Auckland conurbation which has changed from fern and scrub to farmland to predominantly urban landscape since 1840. The arrival and spread of alien plants are discussed in relation to agriculture, horticulture, trade, and industry.
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