Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of Wrightia Tinctoria Leaves
Abstract
Present work undertook to investigate analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of Wrightia tinctoria (Apocyanaceae) leaf extract in rats and mice. The total ethanolic extract was fractionated with different solvents and aqueous extract was also prepared. All the extracts were studied for its preliminary phytochemical screening followed by estimation of flavanoids and phenolics. The anti-inflammatory effects were investigated by HRBC membrane stabilization method and carrageenan induced hind paw edema method. Ethyl acetate fraction showed 67.21 % protection at a concentration of 400 mg/kg by the in vivo studies. The ethyl acetate fraction was studied for its analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate method in mice and was found to be effective. The results conclude that W. tinctoria leaves are active as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent.
... Ethyl acetate fraction exhibited 67.21% protection in rat paw oedema model at a concentration of 400mg/kg. Ethyl acetate fraction also showed remarkable analgesic potential when studied using hot plate method and acetic acid induced writhing in mice [11]. ...
Since ancient times human utilized the nature to cure various ailments. The knowledge of medicinal plants resulted in the development of various indigenous systems of medicine worldwide. Serendipitous discovery as well as scientific approach on the reason for medicinal properties of plants gave the knowledge of chemical constituents such as secondary metabolites in plants. Wrightia tinctoria which is commonly known as ‘Danthapala’ is a known potential medicinal plant, the leaves of which is traditionally used in the treatment of psoriasis and non-specific dermatitis in Siddha and Ayurvedic systems of medicine and distributed in tropical region belongs to the family Apocynaceae. This plant is beneficial for the treatment of dandruff, various scalp and skin disorders. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on the various parts of the plant showed anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-cancer, anti-dandruff, wound healing and anti-anxiety activity. The current review focus on providing an update on the recent pharmacological and phytochemical investigations on the plant by researchers around the globe with special emphasis on Antisporiatic, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Cytotoxic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, Analgesic, Hepatoprotective, Anthelmintic, and Wound healing activities.
... Its bark ethanol extract showed immune, modulatory activity, and protective activity against an acute gastric ulcer in experimental rats [17] . It has been traditionally used with special emphasis on pharmacological action like analgesic [18] , anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic [19] , antiulcer [20] , antidiabetic [21] , anti-cancer, antipyretic, antidysenteric activity [22] , aphrodisiac, astringent and antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles had been synthesized and characterized from Wrightia tinctoria [23] . ...
Activated carbon (AC) has been widely used in wastewater treatment for the removal of various pollutants because of its large surface area and high adsorption capacity. In the present study, the phytochemical analysis of the indigenous medicinal plant Wrightia tinctoria revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Sterols, Glycosides, Terpenoids, and Phytosterols. The activated carbon was prepared using Wrightia tinctoria and characterized by Field Emission-Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FT-IR) & Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Parameters analyzed for effluent treatment analysis include Alkaloid, Chloride, Hardness, COD (chemical oxygen demand), TDS (total dissolved solids), and pH. The application of AC was tested towards methylene dye degradation and the best result with 0.09mg concentration. The antimicrobial activity using the agar well diffusion method against the five bacterial cultures was studied by comparing silver nitrate, silver nitrate+AC, and regular ampicillin (25 mcg). Silver nitrate+AC with a 23 mm zone of inhibition produced the best results. In vitro tests revealed that AC has a positive impact on mung seed germination.
... The inhibitory effect of inflammation by bark extract in carrageenan induced oedema and cotton pellet induced granuloma [81] . The leaf extracts of the plant showed potential inflammatory effect against the carrageenan induced paw oedema [105] . ...
Plants have been used for thousands of years in almost all type of ethnic medicinal practices despite the secular variations. It remained as an easily accessible source in primary health care system. The predominant usage of herbal medicine was described in almost all Vedas and the Bible. Medicinal plants have wide range of bioactivities which are exploited to prevent and treat various ailing conditions. The knowledge of the therapeutic properties is pervasive among all the human racial groups by way of oral transmission from generation to generation. Documentation of the potency is necessary for their sustainable usage and also protecting them from extinction. The main objective of this review is to summarize the properties of two plants of therapeutic importance Thespesia populnea and Wrightia tinctoria.
... The present study introduces DW-F5, a semi purified fraction isolated from the leaves of an indigenous plant, Wrightia tinctoria, as a potential formulation against melanoma. To the best of our knowledge, no information regarding the anti-tumour activity of this plant subsists in literature, except a report on the anti-inflammatory activity of its leaf extract 20 . ...
Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 11107;10.1038/srep11107 published online: June102015; updated: August032015
This Article contains an error in Fig. 8b; where the results from the purification of 1H NMR of tryptanthrin were incorrectly provided. The correct Fig. 8b appears below as Fig. 1.
Figure 1
Since ancient times human utilized the nature to cure various ailments. The knowledge of medicinal plants resulted in the development of various indigenous systems of medicine worldwide. Serendipitous discovery as well as scientific approach on the reason for medicinal properties of plants gave the knowledge of chemical constituents such as secondary metabolites in plants. Wrightia tinctoria which is commonly known as ‘Danthapala’ is a known potential medicinal plant, the leaves of which is traditionally used in the treatment of psoriasis and non-specific dermatitis in Siddha and Ayurvedic systems of medicine and distributed in tropical region belongs to the family Apocynaceae. This plant is beneficial for the treatment of dandruff, various scalp and skin disorders. Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on the various parts of the plant showed anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, anti-cancer, anti-dandruff, wound healing and anti-anxiety activity. The current review focus on providing an update on the recent pharmacological and phytochemical investigations on the plant by researchers around the globe with special emphasis on Antisporiatic, Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Cytotoxic, Anti- inflammatory, Anti-diabetic, Analgesic, Hepatoprotective, Anthelmintic, and Wound healing activities
Insulin acts alone for the survival of Diabetic Mellitus of type I.
However, Type II may require insulin for correction of hyperglycemia for
therapeutic approach. But now the diabetic patients are treated by thiamine
supplementation. This chapter describes the process involved in maintenance
of glucose level in blood circulation, hormonal control of glucose
homeostasis, classification of diabetes mellitus, role of thiamine in normal
glucose metabolism and relationship of thiamine and diabetes mellitus.
Analgesics are the substances which are used in pain, without losing consciousness. The word analgesic derives from Greek an- (without) and algos (pain). Analgesic drugs act in various form on the central nervous systems and peripheral nervous system. Various sources of analgesic drugs synthetic analgesic and natural analgesic, natural analgesics like opoid analgesics, Aloevera Barbedensis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Zingiber Officinale, Eugenia caryophyllata, Cinnamomum camphora, Matricaria pubescens etc. This review gives information about different analgesic obtained from natural sources.
The ethnic and rural population of India depends
on medicinal plants for their health care as well as for
their livestock. This attracted the interest of several
botanists that lead to an array of reports on ethno-
medicine. Analgesics are the substances that are used
in pain, without losing consciousness. Drugs which
are used at present for the management of pain and
inflammatory conditions are either steroidal like
corticosteroids or non-steroidal like aspirin. All of
these drugs possess more or less side and toxic effects
like renal failure, allergic reactions, hearing loss or
they may increase the risk of hemorrhage by affecting
platelet function.
Various sources of analgesic drugs synthetic
analgesic and natural analgesic, natural analgesics
like Sterculia foetida, Opioid Analgesics, Aloe Vera,
Manilkara Zapota, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Zingiber
Officinale, Eugenia Caryophyllata, Cinnamomum
camphora. Studies have shown that opiates because of
physical dependency, tolerance, and addiction while
NSAID’s usually cause gastrointestinal disorders.
For that, the discovery of other alternatives to treat
pain is crucial. Herbal therapy could be an interesting
option for the treatment of opioid dependence and
withdrawal. This review gives information regarding
different analgesic obtained from natural sources.
This article reviews such medicinal plants with anti-
inflammatory and analgesic properties that have been
used by our ancestors to heal many of their ailments.
Keywords: NSAIDs; Natural Analgesics; Aloe
Vera; Eugenia Caryophyllata; Cinnamomum
camphora; Bougainvillea
The process of programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis, are triggered
by external and internal stimuli such as ultraviolet radiation, oxidative stress,
ROS, DNA damage etc. It is an intrinsic cell-suicide programmed for
maintaining tissue homeostasis and safeguard the organism by demise of
infected cell. Recently, many potent apoptosis-inducing drugs associated
with human health have been recorded that prevent cancer and other related
diseases. Therefore, research mainly focus on the cell cycle analysis and
signaling pathways that control cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death.
Failure of apoptotic machinery can cause many diseases in human such as
cancer. The goal of this chapter are to provide a general overview of
molecular mechanisms of apoptosis, function of apoptosis in animal,
regulation of apoptosis, process of necrosis, different types of disease
associated with apoptosis as well as an alternative forms of apoptosis.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.5(1-2) 2006 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website
Abstract: The crude methanolic extract of the bark of Cerbera odollam Gaertn. was evaluated for its possible antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities in animal models. At the dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, the extract showed a significant antinociceptive effect in acetic acid induced writhing in mice comparable to that produced by aspirin, used as standard drug (P<0.001). The extract significantly reduced the time of onset of sleep (P<0.01) and potentiated the pentobarbital induced sleeping time in mice at the dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight significantly (P<0.001). It also decreased the open field score in open field test significantly at the dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight (P < 0.05). The obtained results tend to suggest the probable antinociceptive and neuropharmacological activities of the crude extract.
Flavonoids belong to a group of polyphenolic compounds, which are classified as flavonols, flavonones, flavones, flavanols, flavan-3-ols and isoflavones according to the positions of the substitutes present on the parent molecule. Flavonoids of different classes have several pharmacological activities. Flavonoids have also been known to posses biochemical effects, which inhibit a number of enzymes such as aldose reductase, xanthine oxidase, phosphodiesterase, Ca +2 -ATPase, lipoxygenase, cycloxygenase, etc. They also have a regulatory role on different hormones like estrogens, androgens and thyroid hormone. In view of their wide pharmacological and biological actions, they seem to be having a great therapeutic potential. Flavonoids biochemistry pharmacology therapeutic potential SUMMARY
Members of the genus Wrightia, viz. W. tinctoria, W. tomentosa and W. coccinea, have been investigated for their chemical constituents with a view to locating their bioactive principles. Indigotin 3, indirubin 6, tryptanthrin 8, isatin 5, anthranillate 7 and rutin 9 have been isolated and identified as major constituents of W. tinctoria and W. tomentosa. Anthranillate 7 and rutin 9 are the major constituents of W. coccinea. The identities of these compounds have been established by comprehensive chromatographic (HPTLC, HPLC) and spectroscopic (UV-VIS, IR, EI-MS) techniques, using markers and by synthesis, where possible. While indigotin is found to be native in the living plants (in fresh leaves), indirubin was found to be an artifact formed only during drying process after harvesting of the leaves. This transformation is presumably caused by the intact hydrolytic enzyme system(s) and by autoxidation. Seasonal variation studies of the chemical constituents of leaves, using HPTLC and HPLC analyses, revealed similar variation patterns in the three species. The concentration of indigotin-indirubin combination steadily increases from August to November. In contrast, concentration of isatin and anthranillate increases in the months of December and January, at the expense of indigotin-indirubin. Isatin is produced by the autoxidation of indigotin. Tryptanthrin concentration also increases, periodically, in May (at the expense of isatin) and in January. Plausible pathways for the formation of these indole metabolites are appraised on the basis of circumstantial and synthetic evidence.
Wrightial [1], a new terpene, cycloartenone, cycloeucalenol, beta-amyrin, and beta-sitosterol were isolated from the MeOH extract of the immature seed pods of Wrightia tinctoria. The structure of 1 was established from spectral analysis and by chemical correlation.
The structure of a new sterol isolated from the unsaponifiable lipid of Wrightia tinctoria seed lipid was shown to be 14α-methylzymosterol by comparison with a synthetic authentic compound. Four uncommon sterols, desmosterol, clerosterol, 24-methylene-25-methylcholesterol and 24-dehydropollinastanol, in addition to several usual phytosterols, were isolated and identified.