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Costing framework for service-oriented future internet architectures: Empowering requester's choice
Abstract
Internet is evolving fast thanks to the rising of new services and applications. This situation allowed realizing about current Internet deficiencies. Nowadays, researchers are proposing novel Internet architectures avoiding the rigidity of the layered structure posed by the TCP/IP stack. Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) principles are appropriate for proposing a flexible and scalable Internet architecture, which relies on the combination of services according to the requester needs. In this context it is necessary to introduce a framework for cost and price that enables requesters and providers to interact and create new business models for the Future Internet (FI). This work proposes a novel costing framework for providing services adapted to requester requirements.
... bit-oriented/byte-oriented framing, incremental/temporal sequencing, etc.). And CSs are more complex services that are built by a combination of coordinated ASs [8] [9]. ...
... A first approach of the communication messages (request (Creq), response (Cresp), allocation (Call)) used for negotiating the service where previously defined by the authors in [9]. ...
Internet is becoming a huge heterogeneous and dynamic network that is growing beyond its architectural limits. The scaling up of the number of communicating nodes and services is leading the Internet to an architectural crisis which in turn makes it difficult to provide services efficiently considering the requirements and context conditions of users. The Information-Centric Networking (ICN) approach proposes a network where the main paradigm is not an end-to-end communication between hosts, as in the current Internet. Instead, an increasing demand for efficient distribution of content has motivated the development of architectures that focus on information objects. ICN supports the proliferation of services and contents allowing seamless access to them. This work proposes a context-aware service negotiation protocol which will enable to find and compose services whilst meeting requesters' requirements and, consequently, maximizing the QoE of users. We also provide the main details of a first implementation of the proposed service-oriented solution (SCI-FI) and discuss the gathered results.
... As result, if there were, one or more paths would be obtained, from which the most suitable can be chosen. Therefore the lowest cost solution that meets the requirements demanded can be chooses [28]. To the assortment of functions performed by specific software programs, on specific servers located in determinate nodes and the use of bandwidth over a link between nodes, managed by a QoS specification, those simple pieces that allow using a user application will be named Atomic Services (AS). ...
The telecommunications industry is immersed in a deep process of transformation, in which the natural complexity of any evolution in business models is increased by accelerated innovation that exists in the sector. The providers’ diversity has to resolve how to fix and develop the prices of their services in a frame with many unknowns and fewer equations. In this article, we propose a model for calculating the costs of a user, who accesses and uses the Internet services that it provides, based in a methodology to structure various types of services and assign costs.
The current research discusses the relationship between the information technology services management (ITSM) framework and the models used in accounting for the costs of information technology services. Through reviews, the impact of service orientation within the framework of information technology services management (ITSM) on traditional cost models and the weakness of these models to meet the requirements of service orientation due to the different flow of resources required to provide services. The research assumes that the service orientation within the framework of information technology services management leads to a change in the method of accounting for costs of information technology and provide detailed information about the services costs. To apply the model, computer lab services were chosen as a research sample in one of the Iraqi private universities, and the costs of these services were measured according to the proposed model. The results of the application showed that the service orientation in the proposed cost model led to manage of all factors affecting the determination of service cost (including the intensity of use) and the improvement of the outputs of the proposed accounting model. The research recommends, reconsidering the current models for providing information technology services while adopting the concept of service orientation in Iraqi educational organizations and benefiting from the proposed model in measuring the costs of information technology services.
Internet becomes a back bone of the communication network in the current era. People are very much dependent on the internet to connect from one end to another globally in todays environment. Internet suffers from the problem with the tightly coupled layered architecture. So there should be flexible architecture of internet. Flexible architec-ture will reduce the tight coupling of the layers. Selection of service and Composition of service is also an issue which will be solve through our framework. So we propose a framework of flexible network architecture which will provide flexibility to user for their application. This framework has many advantages like availability of services, load distribution, ser-vice discovery through the cloud technology. Cloud has a group of nodes which will act as single node to discover service and provide a service .It is a capable to create a mirror image of the broker node. Flexible net-work architecture is a combination of blocks. These blocks are functional module. Our framework will maintain also performance of the network.
In a transforming, complex, and innovating telecommunications industry with evolving business models, providers have to resolve how the pricing of their services in a context with many unknowns and few equations. This paper proposes a cost assignment model based on differentiating the set of required services a user consumes in a granular network architecture, to get a requested content. Unlike the flat rate model, this model is focused on obtaining a variable pricing methodology that reflects the actual use of network resources that users utilize to get specific content. There are exploring elements to establish the importance of this topic; the theoretical models of pricing are reviewed, the complexity of the costing issue and the influence of content providers on the real network operating cost are explored. Also, a precise cost model is proposed, as well as some cases of the application of the model in the real world.
The network protocols we use today have been introduced decades ago. Since then the whole Internet came to existence and with it a single protocol stack: TCP/IP. What was a good solution back then, is no longer appropriate to fulfill the emerging demands of applications. Newer protocols have been created as solutions for the problems, but replacing TCP/IP requires a complicated deployment and migration phase. The problems with the current Internet architecture and its fixed structure have triggered a discussion on a Future Internet architecture. We propose a way to dynam- ically select and compose protocols based on principles of service oriented architectures. The goal is a network architecture where new protocols could be easily added and are automatically and transparently used by applications.In this paper we present a way to describe protocols and their effects and dependencies between them. We also present a method to select and compose protocols.
In this paper, we review the basic mechanisms used in packet networks to support Quality-of-Service (QoS) guarantees. We outline the various approaches that have been proposed, and discuss some of the trade-offs they involve. Specifically, the paper starts by introducing the different scheduling and buffer management mechanisms that can be used to provide service differentiation in packet networks. The aim is not to provide an exhaustive review of existing mechanisms, but instead to give the reader a perspective on the range of options available and the associated trade-off between performance, functionality, and complexity. This is then followed by a discussion on the use of such mechanisms to provide specific end-to-end performance guarantees. The emphasis of this second part is on the need for adapting mechanisms to the different environments where they are to be deployed. In particular, fine grain buffer management and scheduling mechanisms may be neither necessary nor cost effective in high speed backbones, where "aggregate" solutions are more appropriate. The paper discusses issues and possible approaches to allow coexistence of different mechanisms in delivering end-to-end guarantees.
Should researchers focus on designing new network architectures or improving the current Internet?
In this paper, we describe several approaches to address the challenges
of the network of the future. Our main hypothesis is that the Future
Internet must be designed for the environment of applications and
transport media of the 21st century, vastly different from the initial
Internet's life space. One major requirement is the inherent support for
mobile and wireless usage. A Future Internet should allow for the fast
creation of diverse network designs and paradigms and must also support
their co-existence at run-time. We detail the technical and business
scenarios that lead the development in the EU FP7 4WARD project towards
a framework for the Future Internet.
Questioning whether layering is still an adequate foundation for networking architectures, this paper investigates non-layered approaches to the design and implementation of network protocols. The goals are greater flexibility and control with fewer feature interaction problems. The paper further proposes a specific non-layered paradigm called role-based architecture.
The development of new services through the integration of existing ones has gained a considerable momentum as a means to create and streamline business-to-business collaborations. Unfortunately, as Web services are often autonomous and heterogeneous entities, connecting and coordinating them in order to build integrated services is a delicate and time-consuming task. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a system through which existing Web services can be declaratively composed, and the resulting composite services can be executed following a peer-to-peer paradigm, within a dynamic environment. This system provides tools for specifying composite services through statecharts, data conversion rules, and provider selection policies. These specifications are then translated into XML documents that can be interpreted by peer-to-peer inter-connected software components, in order to provision the composite service without requiring a central authority.
We address new generation network architecture design. We show design principles consisting of crystal synthesis, reality connection, and sustainable & evolutional principles. We also describe principle-oriented component technologies such as optical packet/path integrated network.
In this paper, we explore the possibility that contributions in the fields of constrained networks (e.g. wireless sensor networks) could serve as the basis for building the architecture of the Future Internet. Consequently, we propose the design of a ubiquitous, context-aware and evolvable network architecture able to cope with the requirements of restricted networks and devices. The architecture is designed to avoid hierarchical layering, so we propose a service-oriented approach for a flow-oriented context-aware network architecture where communications are composed on the fly (by exploiting reusable components) according to the needs and requirements of the consumed service. Furthermore, the architecture can be extended for other environments, so we also address how to extend it for fulfilling the different “Internet of” visions.
Socio-economic aspects are not intrinsic to the current Internet architecture and so they are handled extrinsically. This has led to increasing distortions and stresses; two examples are inter-domain scaling problems (a symptom of the way multihoming and traffic engineering are handled) and deep packet inspection (a symptom of the lack of resource accountability). The Trilogy architecture jointly integrates both the technical and socio-economic aspects into a single solution: it is thus designed for tussle. A Future Internet that follows the Trilogy vision should automatically be able to adapt to the changes in society's demands on the Internet as they occur without requiring permanent redesign.
Socio-economic aspects play an increasingly important role in the Future Internet. To enable a TripleWin situation for the involved players, i.e. the end users, the ISPs and telecommunication operators, and the service providers, a new, incentive-based concept is proposed referred to as Economic Traffic Management (ETM). It aims at reducing costs within the network while improving the Quality-of-Experience (QoE) for end users. In particular, peer-to-peer (P2P) overlay applications generate a large amount of costs due to inter-domain traffic. ETM solution approaches have to take into account (a) the traffic patterns stemming from the overlay application, (b) the charging models for transit traffic, and (c) the applicability and efficiency of the proposed solution. The complex interaction between these three components and its consequences is demonstrated on selected examples. As a result it is shown that different ETM approaches have to be combined for an overall solution. To this end, the paper derives functional and non-functional requirements for designing ETM and provides a suitable architecture enabling the implementation of a TripleWin solution.
The ability to build new (complex) services by composing existing services is one of the key benefits of the Service Oriented Architecture paradigm. Existing approaches to automate composition requires pre-planning or prediction of the number of required services, making them unsuitable in dynamic composition scenarios. To address this gap, we present a consistency-based service composition approach, where composition problems are modeled in a generative constraint-based formalism. We illustrate how the configuration of service processes differs from established constraint-based configuration techniques and develop an algorithm to synthesis valid service process compositions. We also show that our technique scales well to non-trivial problems.
Service-oriented computing promotes the idea of assembling
application components into a network of services that can be
loosely coupled to create flexible, dynamic business processes and
agile applications that span organizations and computing platforms.
An SOC research road map provides a context for exploring ongoing
research activities.
Due to the web services' heterogeneous nature, which stems from the definition of several XML-based standards to overcome platform and language dependence, web services have become an emerging and promising technology to design and build complex inter-enterprise business applications out of single web-based software components. To establish the existence of a global component market, in order to enforce extensive software reuse, service composition experienced increasing interest in doing a lot of research effort. This paper discusses the urgent need for service composition, the required technologies to perform service composition. It also presents several different composition strategies, based on some currently existing composition platforms and frameworks, re-presenting first implementations of state-of the-art technologies, and gives an outlook to essential future research work.
Telecommunication economics has evolved into an area of research, which includes technical aspects,
social issues, economic and business factors, and regulation demands. The combination of those four dimensions
is becoming critical for a suitable and viable understanding of communication needs in today’s society.
Therefore, this report on the Dagstuhl Perspectives Seminar ‘‘Telecommunication Economics’’summarizes a number
of key aspects of this field, it develops a set of selected and detailed recommendations, and outlines respective
perspectives, which are being worked on partially already today and which need a much closer attention in
the mid-term future.
By a variety of metrics, the Semantic Web is doing very well. For example, the 2006 Gartner report included the “Corporate Semantic Web” as one of three key technology themes, and in 2007, Tim Berners-Lee briefed a hearing of the US Congress subcommittee on the topic. The current state of the Semantic Web is said to be comparable with that of the early days of the Web. Until very recently, growth has been linear, but signs of exponential growth are beginning to emerge. Given this promising situation, we should ask ourselves where and how we expect the Semantic Web to continue to grow in the near- to mid-term future. Our view is that the Semantic Web will come to the fore through a comprehensive integration with service orientation. In particular, we envisage that the combination of Semantic Web and SOAs will lead to the creation of a “service Web”—a Web where billions of parties are exposing and consuming billions services seamlessly and transparently and where all types of stakeholders, from large enterprises to SMEs and singleton end users, engage as peers consuming and providing services within a network of equals.
A large number of semantic web service composition approaches are developed by the research community and one is more efficient than the other one depending on the particular situation of use. So a close look at the requirements of ones particular situation is necessary to find a suitable approach. In this paper, we presents a Technique Recommendation System (TRS) which using a classification of state-of-art semantic web service composition approaches, can provide the user of system with the recommendations regarding the use of service composition approach based on some parameters regarding situation of use. TRS has modular architecture and uses the production rules for knowledge representation.
As the amount of Web services over the Internet grows continuously, these services can be interconnected to form a service overlay network (SON). On the basis of SON, building value-added services by service composition is an effective method to satisfy the changeable functional and non-functional QoS (quality of service) requirements of customers. However, the previous research on QoS- aware service composition in SON mainly focuses on the context where services have simple interactions, and it can not support application scenarios with complex business collaboration in electronic business. In this paper, we propose the HOSSON (hierarchical service composition framework in SON) framework, which can be used to construct more general-purpose SON through describing the relations among services using business protocols. In HOSSON, business protocols instead of interactive messages are adopted to simplify the description of service composition requirements and a novel approach named protocol computing are proposed to implement service composition on demand. Furthermore, two algorithms, OSS and MCSS, are designed to support service selection for QoS-aware service composition. Finally, comprehensive simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of algorithms.