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Controlling Morphology and Molecular Packing of Alkane Substituted Phthalocyanine Blend Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

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Matthew J Jurow
Matthew J Jurow
Matthew J Jurow
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Brian A Hageman
Brian A Hageman
Brian A Hageman
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Elaine Dimasi
Elaine Dimasi
Elaine Dimasi
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Chang-Yong Nam at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Chang-Yong Nam
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Abstract and Figures

Systematic changes in the exocyclic substiution of core phthalocyanine platform tune the absorption properties to yield commercially viable dyes that function as the primary light absorbers in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. Blends of these complementary phthalocyanines absorb a broader portion of the solar spectrum compared to a single dye, thereby increasing solar cell performance. We correlate grazing incidence small angle x-ray scattering structural data with solar cell performance to elucidate the role of nanomorphology of active layers composed of blends of phthalocyanines and a fullerene derivative. A highly reproducible device architecture is used to assure accuracy and is relevant to films for solar windows in urban settings. We demonstrate that the number and structure of the exocyclic motifs dictate phase formation, hierarchical organization, and nanostructure, thus can be employed to tailor active layer morphology to enhance exciton dissociation and charge collection efficiencies in the photovoltaic devices. These studies reveal that disordered films make better solar cells, short alkanes increase the optical density of the active layer, and branched alkanes inhibit unproductive homogeneous molecular alignment.
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... The above factors have been impediments in the way toward realization of efficient PV solar cells. Although few successful efforts involving active layers made of DLCs and crystalline (Schmidt-Mende et al., 2001a;Schuenemann et al., 2013) or amorphous semiconductors (Jurow et al., 2013) in different types of architectures have been realized, Ide et al. have addressed the relationship between functionality and morphology in a planar-heterojunction PV solar cell with the help of theoretical multiscale modeling approach (Julien et al., 2014). They suggested that for better efficiency, interfaces between A and D mesogens with alike columnar phases should be avoided so that energy losses can be reduced due to fast recombination and the lattice mismatch must be engineered (Julien et al., 2014). ...
4 Liquid crystalline materials for efficient solar energy harvesting
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Full-text available
  • Jul 2021
In order to overcome the present energy crisis, a lot of work is being done to utilize the most abundant, inexhaustible, and cleanest renewable source of energy, that is, sunlight in the development of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. Sun provides a lot of energy, and only a fraction of this energy received by the Earth is sufficient to overcome the present energy demand if it can be converted to electrical energy efficiently. Although inorganic solar cells dominate the market with very high efficiencies, they suffer from some drawbacks such as high cost of production because their processing requires high temperatures and vacuum. A promising and new approach is the development of organic solar cells that have captured the attention of researchers since they possess several desirable characteristics such as lightweight, low cost, semi transparency, mechanically flexible, easy fabrication, and large area application. Also, umpteen organic molecules with interesting and different optical and electrical properties are easily available for fabrication of organic solar cells.
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... And possibility of tune those properties by insert various metals to macrocycles central bore or by introduce different substituents in their rings peripheries [7]. which is make them a great interest in the various technological and scientific fields [5], and since have been utilized molecules from a family of metal phthalocyanine and fluorinated metal phthalocyanine already have been applied extensively to the many molecular devices in the various fields [8], such as organic solar cell, organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) [9], organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) [10], organic photovoltaic cell (OPV) [11], organic thin-film transistors (OTFT) [12], display devices, nonlinear optics [13], sensors of gas [8]. And also used in the medical applications [5], such as, potential photosensitizer for the photodynamic cancer remedy [14], biosensor devices and antimicrobial activity [15], photodynamic therapy [16]. ...
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... Phthalocyanines (Pcs) can function as an active com ponent in various applications such as electronic and photonic devices, organic photovoltaic devices and gas sensors, since they have high chemical, photochemical, and thermal inflexibility [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Generally, in such applications, the performance of Pcs as thin films is important. ...
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Article
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Investigation of Hierarchical Structure Formation in Merocyanine Photovoltaics
Article
  • Jul 2020
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Conference Paper
  • Dec 2019
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Room-Temperature Columnar Nematic and Soft Crystalline Columnar Assemblies of a New Series of Perylene-Centred Disc Tetramers
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Plastic Solar Cells
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Plastic Solar Cells
Article
Recent developments in conjugated-polymer-based photovoltaic elements are reviewed. The photophysics of such photoactive devices is based on the photo-induced charge transfer from donor-type semiconducting conjugated polymers to acceptor-type conjugated polymers or acceptor molecules such as Buckminsterfullerene, C60. This photo-induced charge transfer is reversible, ultrafast (within 100 fs) with a quantum efficiency approaching unity, and the charge-separated state is metastable (up to milliseconds at 80 K). Being similar to the first steps in natural photosynthesis, this photo-induced electron transfer leads to a number of potentially interesting applications, which include sensitization of the photoconductivity and photovoltaic phenomena. Examples of photovoltaic architectures are presented and their potential in terrestrial solar energy conversion discussed. Recent progress in the realization of improved photovoltaic elements with 3 % power conversion efficiency is reported.
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Plastic Solar Cells
Article
Recent developments in conjugated-polymer-based photovoltaic elements are reviewed. The photophysics of such photoactive devices is based on the photo-induced charge transfer from donor-type semiconducting conjugated polymers to acceptor-type conjugated polymers or acceptor molecules such as Buckminsterfullerene, C60. This photo-induced charge transfer is reversible, ultrafast (within 100 fs) with a quantum efficiency approaching unity, and the charge-separated state is metastable (up to milliseconds at 80 K). Being similar to the first steps in natural photosynthesis, this photo-induced electron transfer leads to a number of potentially interesting applications, which include sensitization of the photoconductivity and photovoltaic phenomena. Examples of photovoltaic architectures are presented and their potential in terrestrial solar energy conversion discussed. Recent progress in the realization of improved photovoltaic elements with 3 % power conversion efficiency is reported.
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Article
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Article
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  • J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS
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High efficiency inverted polymeric bulk-heterojunction solar cells with hydrophilic conjugated polymers as cathode interlayer on ITO
Article
  • Feb 2012
  • SOL ENERG MAT SOL C
In this work, alcohol-soluble 2,7-carbazole-1,4-phenylene copolymers PCP-NOH and PCP-EP, comprising surfactant-like diethanolamino and phosphonate end groups on the side chains, respectively, were utilized as cathode interlayer on ITO to construct inverted solar cells based on a low band gap poly(2,7-carbazole) (PCDTBT) as the polymer donor and [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor. The work functions of ITO were shifted to −4.2 and −4.3eV by PCP-NOH and PCP-EP, respectively, which can well match the LUMO level of PC71BM for good electron extraction. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the inverted solar cells without the cathode interlayer was only 1.63%, because of very low open-circuit voltage (Voc, 0.48V) and fill factor (FF, 36.9%). Using PCP-NOH and PCP-EP as cathode interlayers significantly improved Voc to 0.88V and FF to ∼58%, giving PCEs of 5.39% and 5.48%, respectively. The increasing extents of PCEs by the interlayers are over 230%. The PCEs achieved by PCP-NOH and PCP-EP belong to the top device performances so far reported for the inverted PVCs with an organic cathode interlayer. Our results suggest that hydrophilic conjugated polymers are promising candidates as a cathode interlayer in high efficiency inverted solar cells through the modification of interface contacts.
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