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Little known tropical Chroococcus species (Cyanoprokaryotes)

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Abstract

Nine little known or ncw species of ihecyanoprokaryoüc genus CAroococcicv from tropical regions are prescntcd.Twoof them. Oí. /Jíj/vfdn/owiis Schmidle 1902 and Oí. ífií/Ji/íifiensis(Woloszyñska 1912) Gcíller 1925, were described as carly as in the first decades of this ceniury, but ignored by latcr authors, probabiy owing lo Ibc auiborliy of Geitler who oniitlcd thcsc laxa in bis world monograpb from 1932. Bolb ihesc species occur in tropical frcshwaier bioiopes over the world and were rcpealedly published undcr diffcrcnt incorrect ñames. Reccntly, ibcy were found in Central American localities. Fivc species, differing sligbtly from the known and described laxa, were found from the metaphyton of stagnant watcrs in Cuba and in the coastal áreas of Mexican Gulf in México (Papaloapan basin); ibcir variabilily and morphology are discusscd. One new species, Ch. deltoides, is described, Two planktic species (from the subg. Limriococcus) are described from large Africaii iakes. Ch. catenatus from L. Edward (E Africa) and Oí. cronitergae from the Kariba rescrvoir.
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... Sin embargo, el pionero en cuanto a los estudios de cianobacterias fue el investigador checo J. Komárek, con una contribución importante a su estudio en Cuba (8) , incluso en lo concerniente a especies formadoras de floraciones o blooms. Los estudios de Komárek fueron en su mayoría resultado de la colaboración con el Jardín Botánico de Cienfuegos (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13) , sede del único equipo de investigadores que se dedicaba a esta disciplina en Cuba en aquel momento. ...
... No obstante, es importante señalar que algunas referencias a materiales cubanos (muestras) pueden encontrarse en publicaciones de otros autores como Lukávsky, Novelo, Legnerová, Tavera y Anagnostidis, Komárková-Legnerová y Tavera, Komárek y Anagnostidis (7,(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) . En el año 2005, Komárek describe morfoespecies de Anabaena (8,23,24) , contribuyendo con los estudios taxonómicos del género. ...
... Entre los referentes teóricos del presente catálogo se incuye a Comas (2009), el catálogo de cianobacterias planctónicas potencialmente tóxicas de las aguas continentales españolas (37) y otros refentes clásicos de consulta obligada (4,13,23, , realizandose una revisión y actualización de ódenes y familias. ...
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Las cianobacterias son microorganismos fotosintéticos que se encuentran en diversos ambientes, incluidos océanos, agua dulce, rocas desnudas y suelos húmedos; destacando su presencia en prácticamente todos los ecosistemas acuáticos y su alta capacidad de adaptación a condiciones extremas. Fueron estos los primeros organismos que realizaron fotosíntesis oxigénica en la Tierra, contribuyendo con la generación de oxígeno y la formación de la atmósfera, hace más de 3 000 millones de años. La importancia ecológica de las cianobacterias es bien conocida; y el interés sobre estas desde el punto de vista de la gestión del agua, específicamente enfocado al conocimiento de aspectos relacionados con la dinámica y potencial tóxico, sus innumerables beneficios y el impacto negativo de algunas especies, es creciente, con repercusión en el estado y gestión de los ecosistemas acuáticos, la salud ambiental, animal y humana. Las cianobacterias pueden desarrollarse eventualmente en grandes masas, denominadas florecimientos o «blooms», especialmente en cuerpos de agua eutróficos, eventos que están siendo cada vez más reportados en todo el mundo debido no solo a la eutroficación, sino a los efectos del cambio climático, además de un mayor esfuerzo de monitoreo.
... Its taxonomy is confused, particularly of those metaphytic natural populations growing in tropical or subtropical water bodies. Such is the case of populations identified as C. turgidus (Kützing) Nägeli 1849, a species which was described from cold moors and acidic swamps in Central Europa, occurs also metaphytic in nonpolluted waters, in littorals (very rare secondary in plankton) of clear water bodies in temperate zones (Komárek & Novelo 1994;Komárek & Anagnostidis 1999, Komárek & Komárková-Legnerová, 2007. Nevertheless there are very similar morphotypes, growing in tropical countries but under very different ecological conditions. ...
... They are morphologically similar to C. turgidus, but appear in warm, slightly alkaline tropical waters (swamps, springs and creeks). These populations, according to Komárek & Novelo (1994), are identical with Ch. pulcherrimus Welsh 1965. In fact, Cuban similar populations were named as Ch. ...
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Three natural populations of chroococcalean cyanobacteria were found in water samples collected from Cuban localities. Based on their morphological characteristics, the populations were composed by 3 morphospecies, which can be identified with Aphanothece variabilis (Schiller) Komárek, Chroococcus cf. Major Komárek et Komárková-Legnerová and Radiocystis fernandoi Komárek et Komárková- Legnerová. According to the literature consulted these morphospecies are known from tropical and subtropical regions only. In the present paper descriptions, illustrations and comments about taxonomy, ecology and geographical distribution of each taxon are offered. A variabilis was earlier found from different Cuban localities, but not from Central part of Cuba. Ch. Major and R. Fernandoi are new-records to the Cuban flora.
... Past studies have documented cyanobacteria throughout Cuba (Komárek & Hindák 1975, Komárek 1984a, b, 1985, 1989a,b 1995, Komárek & Kovačik 1987, Hindák1984, 1988. References to Cuban materials also appear in Lukávsky et al. 1992, Komárek & Novelo 1994, Komárkova-Legnerová & Tavera 1996, and Komárek & Anagnostidis 1999. The first and most complete information on the Cuban freshwater cyanobacterial species composition was published by Comas 2009a. ...
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The study of the cyanobacteria that make up the phytoplankton community of reservoirs is very important due to the production of toxins by some phytoplankton taxa. The composition and abundance of cyanobacteria and their relationship to physicochemical variables was determined during six months (March, April, June, September, November and December) in 2018 at five stations in the Abreus Reservoir, which is located in the south center of the Cienfuegos province (Cuba). Eleven new taxa were observed in the reservoir grouped into seven families, 14 genera, and 34 species. The toxigenic genera Microcystis and Raphidiopsis were observed at all collection points throughout the year, presenting a potentially persistent toxicity threat in this reservoir. Semi-accumulative blooms were reported in September. Microcystis sp. and Raphidiopsis sp. were the most abundant genera during observed blooms. The abundance of some cyanobacterial genera, including Microcystis, Aphanocapsa, Raphidiopsis and Dolichospermum, were strongly correlated with water temperature and transparency. Microcystin values are reported for the first time in Abreus Reservoir. Resumen: Cianobacterias planctónicas del embalse Abreus, Cienfuegos, Cuba. El estudio de las cianobacterias que componen el fitoplancton de los embalses es muy importante debido a la producción de toxinas de algunas especies que forman este grupo. Durante seis campañas en 2018 se analizó composición y la abundancia de las cianobacterias y su relación con algunos parámetros físico-químicos de cinco estaciones en el embalse Abreus, en el centro sur de la provincia de Cienfuegos. Se obtuvieron 11 nuevos taxas para el embalse y un nuevo registro para Cuba, agrupados en siete familias, 14 géneros y 34 especies. Los géneros Microcystis y Raphidiopsis se reportaron en todos los puntos de colecta durante todo el año, por lo que representa una alerta frente al uso del embalse por su posible toxicidad. Se reportó un florecimiento semiacumulativo en una estación del mes de septiembre y en estaciones cercanas, concentraciones celulares también elevadas. Microcystis sp. y Raphidiopsis sp. fueron los géneros más abundantes durante la floración. Los géneros Microcystis, Aphanocapsa, Raphidiopsis y Dolichospermum mostraron una fuerte correlación con la temperatura y la transparencia. Se reporta por primera vez valores de toxinas en el embalse.
... According to Komárek and Novelo (1994), Chroococcus mipitanensis is a well-defined species and is easily recognized by its characteristic doubled (biscuit-like) colonies when in division. The species grows mainly in the periphyton (metaphyton and firmly adhered to the substrate), occurring occasionally in the plankton, is widely distributed in tropical regions, thus a pantropical species. ...
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Due to the undeniable importance of the role that cyanobacteria play in different ecosystems, and the new discoveries and periodic changes in their taxonomic classification, the main objective of this research was a taxonomic update of the cyanobacteria recorded in an artificial, subtropical freshwater water body. This work also aimed at the knowledge of the geographic distribution and frequency of the species throughout the study period. The analyzed pond (called Basin 7) is located in an environmental preservation area called Braskem Environmental Station (29°51′57.3″S and 51°21′54.7″W), which is part of the “green belt” that surrounds the set of companies of the Southern Petrochemical Complex of Rio Grande do Sul state (Brazil). The studied samples were taken from May 2000 to December 2015, using a plankton net (30 µm), and floating thallus of cyanobacteria were collected directly by hand. Thirty-three species were identified and distributed in the orders Oscillatoriales (14), Synechococcales (12), Chroococcales (6) and Spirulinales (1). Phormidium Kützing ex Gomont presented the highest species richness, with five species identified, and P. tergestinum (Kützing) Anagnostidis & Komárek was the one with the highest frequency of occurrence (81.3%). Among the identified species, seven are especially important for being potentially toxic. Eucapsis pseudalpina Komárek & Hindák also stood out for its first recorded occurrence in Brazil, and Ancylothrix rivularis Martins & Branco, Arthrospira jenneri Stizenberger ex Gomont and Pannus cf. brasiliensis Malone et al. for their first recorded occurrence in Rio Grande do Sul state. For each species, diagnoses, basionyms and synonyms when appropriate, illustrations and comments are presented.
... Similar cyanobacterial microvegetation have been found in shallow alkaline marshes of northern Belize (Rejmánková and Komárková, 2000;Rejmánková and others, 2004;Komárek and others, 2005a, b) and several places in Cuba as described by Komárek (1984Komárek ( , 1989bKomárek ( , 1995 in the Zapata peninsula and adjacent marshes along the southern coast, Isla de Pinos/ de la Juventud -Ciénaga de Lanier. Some of the typical morphotypes also were described from southeast Mexico by Tavera and others (1994) (Papaloapan basin, Campeche region, Tamaulipas, marshes and littoral of lakes in Yucatan), Venezuela by Schiller (1956) (Islas de los Aves), and from Puerto Rico (Gardner, 1927;Bourrelly and Manguin, 1952;Komárek, 1989aKomárek, ,b, 1995Komárek and Novelo, 1994;Komárek and Komárková-Legnerová, 2007;Turicchia and others, 2009). ...
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The microscopic organisms of the Everglades include numerous prokaryotic organisms, including the eubacteria, such as the cyanobacteria and nonphotosynthetic bacteria, as as several eukaryotic algae and protozoa that form the base of the food web. This report is part 1 in a series of reports that describe microscopic organisms encountered during the examination of several hundred samples collected in the southern Everglades. Part 1 describes the cyanobacteria and includes a suite of images and the most current taxonomic treatment of each taxon. The majority of the images are of live organisms, allowing their true color to be represented. A number of potential new species are illustrated; however, corroborating evidence from a genetic analysis of the morphological characteristics is needed to confirm these designations as new species. Part 1 also includes images of eubacteria that resemble cyanobacteria. Additional parts of the report on microscopic organisms of the Everglades are currently underway, such as the green algae and diatoms. The report also serves as the basis for a taxonomic image database that will provide a digital record of the Everglades microscopic flora and fauna. It is anticipated that these images will facilitate current and future ecological studies on the Everglades, such as understanding food-web dynamics, sediment formation and accumulation, the effects of nutrients and flow, and climate change.
... Similar cyanobacterial microvegetation have been found in shallow alkaline marshes of northern Belize (Rejmánková and Komárková, 2000;Rejmánková and others, 2004;Komárek and others, 2005a, b) and several places in Cuba as described by Komárek (1984Komárek ( , 1989bKomárek ( , 1995 in the Zapata peninsula and adjacent marshes along the southern coast, Isla de Pinos/ de la Juventud -Ciénaga de Lanier. Some of the typical morphotypes also were described from southeast Mexico by Tavera and others (1994) (Papaloapan basin, Campeche region, Tamaulipas, marshes and littoral of lakes in Yucatan), Venezuela by Schiller (1956) (Islas de los Aves), and from Puerto Rico (Gardner, 1927;Bourrelly and Manguin, 1952;Komárek, 1989aKomárek, ,b, 1995Komárek and Novelo, 1994;Komárek and Komárková-Legnerová, 2007;Turicchia and others, 2009). ...
... Habitat/ Occurrence: The cells of this Cynaobacterium were collected from lake among other filamentous algae as metaphyton during summer. Distribution: Australia and New Zealand, (Bostock & Holland, 2010: 257), Mexico (Komarek & Novelo, 1994: 3). 9. C. schizodermaticus W. & G. S. West 1892, (Plate 1:Fig. ...
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The present paper reports taxonomic enumeration of genus Chroococcus belonging to the Chroococcaceae family from the Kallar Kahar Lake, Chakwal, Pakistan. In all, 18 species have been recorded from the study area. Of them, 5 species viz., C. microscopicus, C. planctonicus, C. polyedriformis, C. subtilissimus and C. vacuolatus are new records for Pakistan and South Asia. Their taxonomic description and geographic distribution is provided and discussed in this paper.
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