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Współczesne występowanie gwiazdosza potrójnego (Geastrum triplex) w Polsce i ocena jego zagrożenia
Abstract
Geastrum triplex is known from 112 present localities in Poland. It occurs in natural habitats on protected areas (reserves and national parks) as well as in human-impacted habitats (e.g. in parks and buffer strips, on the roadsides in cites and in rural areas). The analysis of the threatened status of Geastrum triplex made according to IUCN criteria led to proposing the LC threat category for Geastrum triplex and its exclusion from the list of protected species in Poland.
The level of population fragmentation is one of the measures for species extinction risk, used by the IUCN. Here it is demonstrated how the fractal dimension D may be used to quantify the level of fragmentation of national populations of fungal species; using the data from the Polish register of protected and endangered fungal species (GREJ), on ten species of macrofungi.
The chapter deals with macrofungi. Mycological characteristic of the Łagowsko-Sulęciński Landscape
Park, based on the list of 253 species reported so far from this area is presented. The history of mycological
research in the area is shortly surveyed. The focus of the paper is also put on protected and endangered
species. Some macrofungi that are not recognized as threatened on the recent red list, but are considered
to be rare in Poland are also discussed. The share and importance of specified trophic groups and the
qualitative and quantitative composition of macrofungi in the studied plant communities were analysed.
Within the area of the Łagowsko-Sulęciński Landscape Park 10 protected and 51 threatened species
of the Polish mycobiota have been found. Within the specified trophic groups of macrofungi the most
numerous species were saprotrophic lignicolous and humus-dwelling ectomycorrhizal ones. The beech
forest community Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum was characterized by conspicuous richness of macrofungi,
reaching over 194 taxa. The definitely smaller number of species of fungi was recorded from other
forest and non-forest communities. Fagus and Quercus, which encourage the development of local
fungi, have a particular impact on the mycobiota.
Among all the species presented in this paper, 10 were not reported from the Pieniny National Park before 2007. Thus, the number of protected species of fungi observed within the Pieniny National Park area has increased to 37. Nine out of 10 new species are included in the Red List of Macrofungi in Poland. The following species are regarded as: endangered – Catathelasma imperiale, Gomphus clavatus and Hydnellum floriforme, vulnerable – Tulo-stoma fi mbriatum, Geastrum pectinatum and Sparassis brevipes and rare – Verpa conica, Tulostoma brumale and Strobilomyces strobilaceus. Moreover, C. imperiale, G. clavatus and H. floriforme are included in the Red List of Macrofungi in the Polish Carpathians. The only species which is not included in any of the list is Meripilus giganteus.
The paper reports the fi rst two records of Ophiocordyceps stylophora (Berk & Broome) G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora in Poland, describes, illustrates and briefl y discusses its macroscopic and microscopic characters, and briefl y characterizes its habitats in Poland.
Among all the species presented in this paper, 10 were not reported from the Pieniny National Park before 2007. Thus, the number of protected species of fungi observed within the Pieniny National Park area has increased to 37. Nine out of 10 new species are included in the Red List of Macrofungi in Poland. The following species are regarded as: endangered – Catathelasma imperiale, Gomphus clavatus and Hydnellum floriforme, vulnerable – Tulo-stoma fi mbriatum, Geastrum pectinatum and Sparassis brevipes and rare – Verpa conica, Tulostoma brumale and Strobilomyces strobilaceus. Moreover, C. imperiale, G. clavatus and H. floriforme are included in the Red List of Macrofungi in the Polish Carpathians. The only species which is not included in any of the list is Meripilus giganteus.