The art of Case Study Research
Abstract
This book presents a disciplined, qualitative exploration of case study methods by drawing from naturalistic, holistic, ethnographic, phenomenological and biographic research methods. Robert E. Stake uses and annotates an actual case study to answer such questions as: How is the case selected? How do you select the case which will maximize what can be learned? How can what is learned from one case be applied to another? How can what is learned from a case be interpreted? In addition, the book covers: the differences between quantitative and qualitative approaches; data-gathering including document review; coding, sorting and pattern analysis; the roles of the researcher; triangulation; and reporting.
... Case study was employed as a research strategy since the purpose of this research was to identify the phenomena under investigation by conducting an in-depth examination (Cresswell, 2013;Stake, 1995). After the administration of the survey questionnaire, individual interviews were conducted to consolidate the findings by doing detailed investigation. ...
... Students of grades 9-12 studying in one of the higher secondary schools in western Bhutan constituted a single bounded case (Cresswell, 2007). Since case selection is one of the characteristic features of a case study (Crowe et al., 2011;Stake, 1995), this study was drawn on Stake's (1995) recommendation of choosing willing and accessible participants. After being informed of the potential merits and demerits of the study, only students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were included. ...
... Students of grades 9-12 studying in one of the higher secondary schools in western Bhutan constituted a single bounded case (Cresswell, 2007). Since case selection is one of the characteristic features of a case study (Crowe et al., 2011;Stake, 1995), this study was drawn on Stake's (1995) recommendation of choosing willing and accessible participants. After being informed of the potential merits and demerits of the study, only students who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were included. ...
This study investigated grade 9-12 students' perceived difficulties in learning physics and how they addressed them. 124 (48 male and 76 female) students studying in one of the higher secondary schools in Bhutan participated in the study. The data initially gathered through a survey was subsequently consolidated with the individual interview to establish in-depth findings. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. The key findings revealed that the students' perceptions of their difficulty in learning physics were associated with student, curriculum, and subject-related factors. Strategies used by the students to address these difficulties in learning physics is also explained. Implications for future research to investigate comparable challenges in other disciplines using multi-methods are also offered.
... Como consecuencia de esta experiencia, se pidió a los estudiantes que evaluaran la idoneidad del uso de estos formatos con alumnos de primaria. El ensayo siguió metodologías basadas en proyectos y otras metodologías activas, teniendo en cuenta otros componentes en la etapa de planificación de las actividades (Bar-Yam et al., 2002) y siguiendo un diseño de estudio de caso (Stake, 1995). Los participantes fueron todos estudiantes universitarios españoles del Grado de Educación Primaria matriculados en la asignatura de didáctica de inglés. ...
... El estudio utilizó una metodología mixta, basada en un diseño de estudio de caso instrumental (Stake, 1995), e incluyó a 75 personas que participaron en una intervención, la cual evaluaron posteriormente. Los participantes también expresaron su opinión sobre la idoneidad del enfoque metodológico utilizado en el ensayo para la educación en valores con niños de primaria. ...
This mixed-methods study, employing inferential statistics and fuzzy logic, explores the perspectives of 75 Spanish Primary Education undergraduates on digital transmedia production practices aligning with children's values. It also investigates the potential in creating visual stories in English as an additional language. The students, worked in groups with a project-based methodology, collaborated on a storyboard, which they then made into a visual narrative and presented to their colleagues. The practicalities of recording, editing, adding audio and distributing the short videos were carried out with a wide range of devices, applications and software chosen by the students themselves, who demonstrated proactive attitudes in exploring the possibilities offered by the ICT resources. The progress of socio-emotional competences was also observed: negotiating agreements, finding divergent solutions, making decisions, and resolving conflicts and critically receiving feedback on their work. Likewise, when they reached the creative stage of the trial, they showed more confidence in themselves. The results showed that the undergraduates rated the visual storytelling approach highly, underlining that it was more involving and developed more competences. The study adds to the literature in favour of the following active methodologies: PBL, collaborative work, divergent models and Maker education.
... This is a position paper based on a case study which is exploratory and intrinsic (Stake, 1995(Stake, , 2006. It is based on a cumulative design, data collection and analysis process (Creswell & Guetterman, 2021) (see Fig. 5 below), with the 1. pilot-survey (N = 181) among PhD's and PhD-supervisors, 2. development of the synopsis-chatbot, A. pre-testing of the synopsis-chatbot and B. Digital field work with the synopsis chatbot. ...
... This is a position paper based on a case study which is exploratory and intrinsic (Stake, 1995(Stake, , 2006. It is based on a cumulative design, data collection and analysis process (Creswell & Guetterman, 2021) (see Fig. 5 below), with the 1. pilot-survey (N = 181) among PhD's and PhD-supervisors, 2. development of the synopsis-chatbot, A. pre-testing of the synopsis-chatbot and B. Digital field work with the synopsis chatbot. ...
This exploratory case study examines how AI technologies, specifically a GPT-4-based synopsis chatbot, can serve as a sparring partner for doctoral students in Norway. Despite favourable conditions, only two-thirds of Norwegian PhD candidates complete their doctorates, partly due to challenges with article-based dissertations that require a comprehensive synopsis (60–90 pages). Ambiguities and unintended double standards exist across disciplines regarding this format, despite national guidelines. To address this, we developed a synopsis chatbot by training GPT-4 on Norwegian doctoral rubrics and literature about article-based dissertations, making it more domain-specific, context-specific, and multilingual. The goal was to determine if and how the chatbot could support PhD candidates in writing their synopses. Preliminary results indicate varying levels of AI acceptance among PhD supervisors, with 60% expressing scepticism about using AI for academic writing. However, the chatbot performed well in providing formative assessment and handling multimodal illustrations, proving to be a valuable sparring partner for doctoral students. This suggests the need to update conventional theories of formative assessment to include AI and chatbots as complementary "digital supervisors" in doctoral education. While the chatbot shows promise in mitigating issues related to unwritten rules and vague genre requirements, this early-phase exploratory study acknowledges several limitations and emphasizes the need to address ethical considerations regarding AI in academia.
... Como consecuencia de esta experiencia, se pidió a los estudiantes que evaluaran la idoneidad del uso de estos formatos con alumnos de primaria. El ensayo siguió metodologías basadas en proyectos y otras metodologías activas, teniendo en cuenta otros componentes en la etapa de planificación de las actividades (Bar-Yam et al., 2002) y siguiendo un diseño de estudio de caso (Stake, 1995). Los participantes fueron todos estudiantes universitarios españoles del Grado de Educación Primaria matriculados en la asignatura de didáctica de inglés. ...
... El estudio utilizó una metodología mixta, basada en un diseño de estudio de caso instrumental (Stake, 1995), e incluyó a 75 personas que participaron en una intervención, la cual evaluaron posteriormente. Los participantes también expresaron su opinión sobre la idoneidad del enfoque metodológico utilizado en el ensayo para la educación en valores con niños de primaria. ...
Se pretende examinar la percepción de 75 estudiantes universitarios españoles de
Educación Primaria con respecto a una práctica de producción digital transmedia
para la educación en valores dirigida a niños, así como el potencial para crear
historias visuales en inglés, como idioma adicional. Estos estudiantes trabajaron en
grupos con una metodología basada en proyectos para elaborar un guion gráfico,
que luego se convirtió en una narración visual y fue presentada a sus compañeros.
Se trata de una investigación mixta, con varias pruebas inferenciales y lógica difusa.
Las tareas procedimentales se llevaron a cabo con una amplia gama de artilugios
elegidos por los propios alumnos, quienes manifestaron actitudes proactivas respecto a los recursos TIC. También se observó progreso en competencias
socioemocionales: negociación de acuerdos, búsqueda de soluciones divergentes,
toma de decisiones y resolución de conflictos, así como asimilación de la recepción
crítica de su trabajo. Asimismo, en la fase creativa del ensayo, expresaron más
confianza en sí mismos. Los resultados mostraron que los universitarios valoraron
muy positivamente el enfoque de narración visual, subrayando que era más envolvente y desarrollaba más competencias. El estudio se suma a la literatura a favor de las prácticas transmedia y del ABP, el trabajo colaborativo, los modelos divergentes y la educación maker dirigidas a futuros maestros. Abstract. The aim is to examine the perception of 75 Spanish university students of Primary Education with regard to a transmedia digital production practice.
Primary Education with respect to a transmedia digital production practice for values education aimed at children, as well as the potential
for values education aimed at children, as well as the potential for creating visual stories in English, as an additional language. These students worked in groups using a project-based methodology to develop a storyboard, which was then turned into a visual narrative and presented to their peers. This was a mixed enquiry, with several inferential tests and fuzzy logic. The procedural tasks were carried out with a wide range of gadgets chosen by the students themselves. Progress was also observed in socio-emotional socio-emotional skills: negotiating agreements, finding divergent solutions, decision making and conflict resolution, as well as assimilation of critical reception of their work. Also, in the creative phase of the essay, they expressed more self-confidence. The results showed that the university students rated the
the visual storytelling approach very positively, underlining that it was more involving and developed more involved and developed more competences. The study adds to the literature in favour of in favour of transmedia and PBL practices, collaborative work, divergent models, and maker divergent models and maker education for future teachers. Indicios de calidad: 2023 JCR C4, JIF 0.2 Area Studies 138/176 ; JCI 0.11 ranking 155/176. APA 7: Peña-Acuña, B. y Sánchez-Verdejo-Pérez, F.J. (2024) Investigación mixta de maestros en formación inicial participando en prácticas de transmedia digital, 21 (42), 11-54.
... Before finalizing our findings, after the themes were developed, a member-checking process was undertaken with the participants as another measure of the trustworthiness of our findings (Creswell & Miller, 2000;Lincoln & Guba, 1986;Stake, 1995). To accomplish these, we shared the research questions and themes from our codes with each participant to answer the research questions. ...
... The participants were asked to review the research questions and our findings before sharing the extent to which they felt the findings reflected their experiences within the department across the academic year. They were encouraged to share with us any differences in interpretation they had about anything that was shared and to offer any additional insights that may have come to mind as a result of their review of the findings (Creswell & Miller, 2000;Lincoln & Guba, 1986;Stake, 1995). Through ongoing engagement with the participants in this study, member-checking contributed to the trustworthiness of the findings. ...
... From this place the researcher needs to triangulate his attention by combining the differentiated relationships that enrich his data and offer internal validity. This begins with the collection of data that will be interpreted to increase its reliability and will be corroborated by its readers for empirical contrast (Stake, 1995). ...
Technological advances for immersive projection inside a planetarium have been notorious in the last 100 years. Their range goes beyond 360º visuality; they have extended to sound design and the development of innovative approaches to education and learning.
In this context, mobile planetariums promote immersive experiences that motivate learning in rural areas, museum halls, alternative educational spaces, and communities without infrastructure for a planetarium.
However, mobile planetariums are able to adapt their contents to achieve their effects
directly on the senses. Likewise, their aim is to lead their audience to respond with the logic of images and sounds. In this regard, any creator of immersive environments could identify the difference between colour degradation, scales and perspectives on how to use the available technologies and maximise their messages.
Also, there is an advantage on big scales because a larger scale involves a greater depth of field and more attention is needed to identify the contents; a comparative study between immersive experiences in a mobile planetarium in Mexico City and the planetarium in Jena Germany, demonstrated the difference.
According to the data collected in both experiences, immersive art needs to stimulate the view to reproduce its contents.
... M is research adopted case study as its research design given the distinctiveness of its context (Stake, 1995), which was bound by two elements (Yin, 2003): the participants' characteristics (Mexican post-graduate international students), and the setting (a UK University with a large presence of Mexican postgraduate international students), as well as on its analytical focus (Berg & Lune, 2012) on the usefulness of the institutional support provided prior to and on arrival to the host city. e rationale for focusing on students of Latin American origin is grounded on the recognition of this as an understudied group of international students (Delgado-Romero & Sanabria, 2007;Foley, 2013;Tanner, 2013). ...
This research reports on a qualitative case study conducted to identify the use- fulness of the support provided, in the form of institutional services by a prestigious British university to a cohort of Mexican postgraduate international students during the 2016-2017 academic calendar, prior to and on their arrival. Empirical evidence was gathered through a qualitative in situ questionnaire, focus groups, and interviews during the participants’ first four weeks in the UK. Findings from this research seem to demonstrate the emphasis on the institutional support provided was on administrative matters that would assist the participants to make their way to the city of studies. Further backing up the claim that international students have been treated as a homogeneous group and assisted with a one-size-all approach, this study validated the need for the implementation of a more specialised and institutionally elaborated support system, which takes into consideration the diverse needs of international students."
... Methodology Data for this study comes from a larger doctoral study exploring the adaptation experience of Mexican postgraduate students in the UK. The research was framed as a qualitative case study given its research focus on an understudied group of international students (Stake, 1995) in an institution where the participants hold a large presence in comparison to other groups of Latin American students (HESA, 2018). ...
Through the scrutiny of the recommendations offered by twelve Mexican international students in the UK, this study aimed to unveil the participants’ agentic response to their transitional stage in the host context. The research was framed as a qualitative case study; data were collected by means of focus groups and individual interviews where the students talked freely about their recommendations to future incoming Mexican students. Despite the inability to apply on the participants’ own journey the su- ggestions given, the study found evidence of an active response on their behalf as they offered as re- commendations a wide range of areas of self-control and exercise, which included having a high degree of consciousness, and an open and flexible attitude for a smoother adaptation. These results challenge the dominant perception of the international student as helpless and unable to respond to external circumstances. Likewise, they call for an exploration of other aspects regarding the actions, resour- ces and personality attributes of the Latin American student in mobility.
... From this perspective, the SUT can be considered an instrumental case (Stake, 1995). The Archer Group created this dynamic in 2016 to launch citizen initiatives to serve the territory. ...
... Elektronik ve basılı yayımlanan tüm materyaller bu yöntemle sistemli bir biçimde incelenerek değerlendirilebilmektedir. Diğer nitel araştırma yöntemlerine benzer şekilde doküman analizi yönteminde ilişkili konuyla ilgili anlam çıkarmak, bakış açısı oluşturmak ve ampirik bilgi geliştirilebilmesi için verilerin yorumlanması ve incelenmesi gerektirmektedir (Corbin ve Strauss, 2008). Doküman analizi nitel vaka çalışmalarında tek bir fenomen, olay, örgüt veya programı ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılan çalışmalarda da kullanılmaktadır (Stake, 1995;Yin, 2014). Genellikle başka araştırma yöntemlerini tamamlayıcı olarak kullanılsa da bağımsız olarak kullanıldığı görülmektedir (Kıral, 2020 ...
Feminizm son yıllarda çevrim içi perspektiften ele alınarak dijital feminizm olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Feminizmin bu yeni dijital tarzı 4.dalga feminizm olarak adlandırılmaktadır. #MeToo hareketi, dijital platformlar aracılığıyla cinsel taciz ve istismar konularında önemli bir toplumsal farkındalık yaratarak kadın sporcuların yaşadıkları olumsuz deneyimleri paylaşmalarına olanak tanımıştır. Bu hareket, dördüncü dalga feminizmin dijital çağdaki etkisini vurgulayarak, sosyal medya aracılığıyla spor dünyasında cinsel istismar ve tacize karşı küresel bir dayanışma ve eylem alanı yaratmıştır. Sosyal medya ve basın toplumsal olayları duyurma ve kamuoyunu bilgilendirme konularında birbirini tamamlayan iki güçlü araçtır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 4. dalga feminizmin bir yansıması olarak #MeToo hareketinin spor dünyasındaki etkilerini ve dijital feminizmin sosyal medya aracılığıyla feminist hareketlerin dijital medyadaki temsilini ve bu süreçteki rolünü incelemektir. Farklı disiplinlerde #MeToo hareketiyle ilgili dijital feminizm üzerinden ülkemizde çalışmalar yapılmış olsa da spesifik olarak spor içerisinde bu konuyu ele alan bir çalışmaya henüz rastlanmamıştır. Bu çalışma nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi kullanılarak yapılmıştır. 2017-2023 yılları arasında dünyada en çok ziyaret edilen dijital olarak yayımlanan 4 gazeteden #MeToo etiketinin kullanıldığı haberler analiz edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda CNN, BBC, The Guardian ve The New York Times dijital haber siteleri taranmıştır. Dört dijital gazetede toplamda 3463 haber incelenmiştir. Haberlerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Cinsel istismar, tanıdık otorite fail, dijital global kız kardeşlik, feminist domino etkisi temalarına ulaşılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, #MeToo hareketinin spor dünyasında cinsiyet eşitsizliğine karşı önemli bir farkındalık oluşturduğu ve dijital feminizmin medya aracılığıyla toplumsal hareketlerin geniş bir etki alanına ulaşabileceğini söylemek mümkündür. İleride yapılacak olan sporda çocuk koruma, sporda psikolojik şiddet ve cinsel istismar çalışmalarında ve spor içerisinde yer alan kişilerin olası durumlara karşı bilinçlendirilmesinde dijital kitlesel hareketlerin etkili bir rol üstleneceği söylenebilir.
... To answer this research question, a case study (Stake, 1995) was conducted to develop an in-depth understanding of reasoned dialogs (see the section on reasoned dialogs) among students in a grade-seven Norwegian class (12-13 years old). The classroom was observed over five approximately 90-minute-long problem-solving sessions over a period of four months. ...
This study explores students’ collective mathematical problem-solving processes. Grade-seven Norwegian students were observed during regular problem-solving sessions to discover how reasoned dialogs might develop in a thinking-classroom context. An analytical framework associated with sociocultural discourse analysis was used to identify utterances (dialog moves) that were essential in revealing a dynamic and continuous scaffolding process with symmetrical interaction between the students, and where the vertical whiteboards supported students during the reasoned dialogs. The context of a thinking classroom created an environment suitable for highly interactive learning where students constructed and refined their ideas in collaboration with each other. The findings also point to the crucial role of the teacher as a facilitator of classroom dialogs to get students to dig deeper into the ideas of others.
... Do ponto de vista metodológico, o trabalho consiste em um estudo de caso intrínseco, conforme a definição de Stake (1995 (Brasil, 1995), conhecido como Reforma Bresser, redefiniu as funções do Estado e criou as bases para políticas de concessão de serviços e/ou atividades públicas e para a atuação do Estado por meio de parcerias com outros setores. ...
O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o instituto da Concessão Urbanística pela ótica conceitual dos Instrumentos de Política Pública, bem como a forma como ele foi implementado no Programa Nova Luz, no município de São Paulo. Do ponto de vista conceitual, a análise é feita sob a interpretação de que a Concessão Urbanística é o que costuma ser chamado de instrumento urbanístico e, ao mesmo tempo, é formado por instrumentos de política pública. Com base na tipologia de instrumentos de política pública proposta por Hood (1986), conclui-se que a tentativa de implementação da Concessão Urbanística em São Paulo se deu por meio de um conjunto desequilibrado de instrumentos, baseado sobretudo na autoridade legal da municipalidade, o que contribuiu para o insucesso da iniciativa. Espera-se que, ao jogar luz sobre este projeto particularmente malsucedido de intervenção urbana, o trabalho possa auxiliar gestores públicos a evitar os fatores de insucesso aqui identificados.
... For example, participants spoke of their experiences as "very impactful," "lifechanging," and "eye-opening" as they spoke about their career preparation, current jobs, and current life situations. We then used progressive focusing (Stake, 1995) to refine the research questions to reflect the emic issues. We also used the conceptual framework to guide the formation of questions and further analysis. ...
This qualitative illustrative case study sought to explore the impacts of an agriculture-focused global education program on college student participants three to seven years after their experience. Human capital theory was utilized as a theoretical lens and outcomes of global programs model (i.e., participant development, intercultural development, intellectual development, and professional development) as an operationalized conceptual framework. A single focus group interview followed by semi-structured one-on-one interviews with each of the participants were conducted and transcripts were analyzed for thematic content. Findings elucidated five emergent themes: Social – Traditional; Hospitality – Community; Resourcefulness – Perseverance; Resources - Career Impact, and Values - Community or Personal Impact. The findings suggest that agriculture-focused global experiences have much less to do with career choice than with career enrichment for college students. This agriculture-focused global experience left participants with lasting values that they have tried to apply within their own careers and personal lives. This study has added to the literature base by showing the mid-range impacts of an agriculture-focused global experience program where a dearth of literature existed previously. To add to our findings and provide more transferability, similar and more nuanced research should be conducted with other agriculture-focused global programs.
... The study is a traditional case study (Stake, 1995;Creswell, 1998) with one slight modification. Some of the teachers and students at Human Centered Informatics are also involved in an action-research (Baskerville & Pries-Heje 1999) project aimed at developing the courses and the coherence in administration and information through the use of ICT. ...
The aim of this paper is to present an understanding of student practice and needs in relation to ICT-based support for Problem Oriented Project Pedagogy (POPP). The paper combines a theoretical understanding of POPP and results from a case study. An important characteristic of the students in the case study is that they construct and reconstruct a learning environment of their own choice without intervention from other parties. The paper identifies coordination of activities, coordination of knowledge construction and creation of joint images of experiences as key activities that may very well be supported by ICT. It is also clear from the case study that students demand a flexible tool that can be altered as the project progresses and needs emerge.
... According to Eisenhardt and Graebner (2007), case study-based qualitative analysis enables us to build theories explaining how strategic partnerships impact corporate performance. By exploring stakeholders' points of view and analyzing real-life experiences, we can identify specific drivers of performance, understand cultural and organizational issues (Stake, 1995), and reveal explanatory patterns that would not emerge from purely statistical analysis. As Gummerson (2000) has demonstrated, the qualitative approach is exactly appropriate for displaying how human and organizational interaction are crucial while exploring how partnerships additionally brings greater revenue to firms in the hospitality industry. ...
This article examines how industrial marketing partnership strategies contribute to improving the financial performance of companies in the hotel sector in Morocco. Adopting a qualitative approach, this study plans to analyze, through semi-structured interviews with hotel company executives and their industrial partners, the impact of strategic alliances on the profitability, cost reduction, and operational efficiency of companies in this sector. The study will explore the dynamics of these partnerships, focusing on their role in optimizing internal processes and improving financial outcomes. For the moment, we have successfully conducted 3 semi-structured interviews with hotel managers. In the interim, we have formulated many hypotheses to be tested later. The expected conclusions will offer practical recommendations for strengthening the economic competitiveness of hotel companies through effective partnerships in the Moroccan industrial sector.
... Multiple triangulation method was used to increase the validity and reliability of the research. Triangulation is used in the study to minimize misperception and increase the validity of the results (Stake, 1995). The primary purpose is to compare the data obtained from different perspectives and get more comprehensive and valid results (Mayring, 2011). ...
In this study, the effects of D-STEM activities on the 21st-century skills of pre-school children aged 3-4 were investigated. The research was carried out in a mixed design, both quantitative (experimental design with experimental and control groups (N:84) with pretest-posttest and retention test) and qualitative (observation and researcher diary). To test hypothesis four, serial 3 (time: pre-test, post-test, and follow up) x2 (experiment group and control group) mixed factorial analysis of variances (ANOVA) was used. As a result of the research, it was observed that D-STEM activities permanently increased the total dimension of the 21st century and all sub-dimensions of Life and Career Skills, Learning and Innovation Skills in the experimental group children. In addition to these, it was concluded that the qualitative findings obtained within the scope of the research supported the quantitative results of the study. On the other hand, it was concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between the sub-dimensions and total scores of the 21st century skills pre-post and permanence tests of the children in the control group. It was concluded that the D-STEM activities carried out permanently increased the 21st century skills of the experimental group children. In line with the results of the study, preschool teachers can contribute to the multi-faceted development of children by doing more activities related to STEM education and Design Thinking Model.
... A case study approach allows for an in-depth examination of the specific context of Zamboanga City, facilitating a detailed understanding of how e-Government tools influence local governance (Yin, 2018). This approach is particularly suited for exploring complex phenomena within their real-life context (Stake, 1995). ...
... O presente estudo insere-se em uma perspectiva qualitativa-interpretativa (Creswell, 2014), realizada a partir de um estudo de caso (Stake, 1995;Yin, 1984 apresentamos os dados quantificados no corpo de texto e exploramos os resultados. ...
Resumo Oportunizar a aprendizagem profissional a futuros professores deve ser entendida como parte do trabalho de um formador. No entanto, compreender de que forma as oportunidades são viabilizadas e como elas são desenvolvidas pode ser observada por meio da visão de futuros professores sobre tais oportunidades. Diante disso, o presente estudo se dedica a identificar e compreender as visões de futuros professores, acerca da prática de uma formadora de professores, ao oportunizar aprendizagens profissionais para o ensino de Álgebra nos anos iniciais, durante uma disciplina de Ensino de Matemática na Licenciatura em Pedagogia. Para tanto, os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários de trinta futuros professores, cujas respostas foram agrupadas em dois componentes essenciais para as oportunidades de aprendizagem profissional: as tarefas de aprendizagem profissional e o papel e as ações da formadora. À vista dos resultados, pode-se notar a importância reconhecida pelos futuros professores acerca das tarefas, bem como no que refere ao papel e as ações da formadora, principalmente na ressignificação das crenças dos futuros professores, externalizadas por meio de sentimentos negativos, sobre a matemática, seu ensino e sua aprendizagem.
... This study uses data from related documents such as regional regulations and empowerment implementation reports (Patton, 2015). Thus, researchers can analyze in depth the aspects related to the strategy and effectiveness of the empowerment of street vendors in Surakarta, so that they can provide concrete recommendations for increasing empowerment programs in the future (Stake, 1995). ...
Studies on controlling street vendors (PKL in Indonesian) as a response from a city government, might be easy to find. Even so, studies on the strategy and effectiveness of street vendor empowerment by the City Government seem to be found little. Taking the case study of the Surakarta Government with a focus on the regional regulation of the Surakarta Number 3 of 2008 as the basis for empowering street vendors, this study aims to look at the strategy and effectiveness of the empowerment of street vendors implemented by the Surakarta government through the regional regulations (PERDA in Indonesian) of Surakarta in 2008. Using the method Qualitatively using a holistic approach and the theory of capability, empowerment and participation, this study concludes that although the five street vendor empowerment strategies of the Surakarta government experience challenges in the socio-cultural, economic, legal and policy fields, it cannot be denied that the street vendor empowerment strategy in Surakarta has made good progress. Thus this study gives consideration to the Surakarta government to see the inclusive sides of street vendors in order to increase the effectiveness of empowering street vendors in Surakarta. As a final result, this study has succeeded in providing a more inclusive and sensitive framework for viewing the empowerment of street vendors through the capabilities of urban regional regulations
... This method is particularly valuable in fields such as social sciences, education, and business (Yin, 2021). By utilizing multiple sources of evidence such as interviews, observations, and document analysis, case studies provide a rich, holistic understanding of the subject matter (Stake, 2020). ...
Purpose
This paper considers boundary spanning in relation to the creation of an executive-in-residence position at a midwestern comprehensive university and the resulting impact on school–university partnerships.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a case study. The researchers chronicle several current and ongoing school–university partnerships.
Findings
The creation of an executive-in-residence position is a unique approach to creating and strengthening school–university partnerships. This paper provides information and creates awareness of the potential benefits of using this approach within the context of the reader.
Originality/value
With increasing expectations and decreasing resources, it is as important now as ever to encourage the development of school–university partnerships. This paper is focused on practitioners with enough detail for replication.
... To understand the impact of our course project on both the selection of multicultural and inclusive texts and the deliberative curriculum curation process, I completed an instrumental case study with two undergraduate classes of preservice teachers (PSTs) in a public regional university in the Midwest in the 2019-2020 academic year (Creswell, 2007;Hamilton & Corbett-Whittier, 2013;Stake, 1995). As this research focused on the impact of a pedagogical project, it was necessary to complete it in my courses with my students. ...
From increasing calls for multicultural and inclusive books to media stories about books being banned in elementary schools, curriculum debates have become increasingly contentious. These debates illuminate key questions in curriculum studies: What is the knowledge of most worth? And who decides? In this article, I utilize a curriculum studies in education framework to engage and extend the literature supporting multicultural and inclusive children’s literature and critical literacy while emphasizing the role of teachers-as-curators. After analyzing the results of a year-long project in which preservice teachers (PSTs) curated collections of multicultural books representing a mirrors and windows approach to text selection, I reflect upon how teacher educators can support preservice teachers in developing the skills to make deliberate curricular choices.
... An intrinsic qualitative case study formed the research design (Stake, 1995) and ontologically, the case was grounded in relativist constructionism and epistemologically informed by interpretivism. ...
Despite the global appeal of game-based approaches (e.g. Teaching Games for Understanding, Game Sense), there is a notable lack of evidence regarding target sport coaches' perceptions and applications of these pedagogies. Using multiple qualitative methods including semi-structured interviews, video observations, coaching plans, reflections and visual images, this qualitative case study investigates a golf coach's (i.e. David) perception and application of a game-based approach. Through qualitative content analysis, four overarching themes were developed concerning David's perception and application of a game-based approach: 1. Biographical context; 2. Technical skill focus integrated with tactical concepts; 3. Pedagogic strategies to support learning; and 4. The joy of a game-based approach. The findings, presented as a narrative, indicate that while certain pedagogical features commonly associated with traditional game-based approaches were evident-such as the use of modified games to enhance understanding and skill development-others, like effective questioning, were less prominent. Nevertheless, the narrative suggests that David's adept application of the GBA cultivated a positive and joyful learning environment. His ability to adapt the approach fostered enjoyment not only for his learners but also for himself as an educator. This highlights the potential of a well-executed game-based approach to create a fulfilling educational experience in the context of target sports.
... Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Untuk meninjau tujuan dalam penelitian ini, akan diterapkan desain studi kasus instrumental (Stake, 1995). Penelitian ini juga menggunakan triangulasi data. ...
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perspektif berbagai pengguna seperti pendidik dan siswa, tentang sistem ChatGPT dalam pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif yang terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu analisis konten wawancara dan investigasi pengalaman pengguna. Subjek dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 30 orang, yang terdiri dari pendidik dan siswa tingkat SMA di Kota Medan. Tahap pertama dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ChatGPT diakui karena kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan kemampuan matematika dan meningkatkan keberhasilan pendidikan dengan memberikan pengetahuan dasar matematika dan berbagai topik kepada pengguna. ChatGPT dapat menawarkan instruksi dan bantuan yang komprehensif pada beberapa materi, termasuk integral. Pada tahap kedua dari penelitian ini, hasil investigasi pengalaman pengguna melalui tiga skenario mengungkapkan ChatGPT mampu membantu penyelesaian berbagai operasi sederhana. Namun, masih terdapat kesalahan-kesalahan dalam perhitungan dasar matematika, dan tidak selalu efektif memperbaiki kesalahan sebelumnya. This research aims to look at the perspectives of various users such as educators and students, on ChatGPT system in mathematics learning. This research utilizes a qualitative case study approach consisting of two stages, those are: interview content analysis and user experience investigation. The subjects in this study were 30 people consisting of educators and high school students in Medan City. The first stage of this research shows that ChatGPT is recognized for its ability to improve mathematical ability and enhance educational success by providing users with basic knowledge of mathematics and various topics. ChatGPT can offer comprehensive instruction and assistance on several materials, including integrals. In the second phase of this research, the results of investigating user experience through three scenarios revealed ChatGPT was able to assist with the completion of various simple operations. However, there were still errors in basic math calculations, and it was not always effective in correcting previous errors.
... A case study approach (Yin 2014) allows for in-depth, multifaceted explorations of complex phenomena in a real-life context. While not intended for generalisation, case studies offer valuable comparative insights (Stake 1995). ...
... This method ensures that informed individuals who possess valuable insights are selected as participants. Stake (1995) recommended that individuals who have significant expertise and familiarity with the particular phenomenon being examined in a study are more likely to offer comprehensive and enlightening descriptions pertaining to that phenomenon. This implies that their in-depth knowledge and understanding enable them to provide valuable insights and nuanced perspectives, which can greatly enhance the research findings and in the long way avail the researchers with deeper understanding of the phenomenon under investigation (Lau (2017). ...
Continuing Professional Education (CPE) program has been in the forefront of Malaysia's government-supported professional development initiative, which aims to encourage all civil servants to make headway in their studies. The study was undertaken to examine the professional development of civil servants at Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA) and University Putra Malaysia (UPM), with regard to the influence of leadership development, innovation, proficiency and education. Civil servants who partook in the Continuing Professional Education (CPE) program at these Universities were purposely selected for the study. To gather data, we conducted two FGDs involving a total of 12 participants. The insights obtained from the research findings divulged and provided us with a wealth of information. Based on the findings, quest to achieve professional growth innovational culture and leadership development was found to influence the civil servants in joining the CPE.
... To gain insight into the influence of collaborative dynamics within educational teams on organizational improvement, we opted for qualitative, interpretive-constructivist research, which would allow us to provide a detailed description and understanding of the contextual meanings of behavior, in a holistic approach (Tracy, 2020;Coutinho, 2022). We operationalized this research in a case study, with a quali-quanti approach, which allowed us to carry out an in-depth analysis, using multiple sources of evidence and different perspectives of the participants, in order to understand complex phenomena (Stake, 1995). ...
Quality education that prepares young people to think and make ethically responsible decisions seems to be the only sustainable solution to respond to today’s global challenges. However, this capacity to learn requires a new school grammar, through the creation of conditions, structures and cultures that promote relationships and synergies capable of transforming teachers and school leaders into creative learners and facilitators of learning. In this sense, this study sought to understand the effects of a change in the organizational dynamics of a school, the organization of teaching by educational teams, on the individual, collective and organizational learning of this school organization. To this end, we adopted a fundamentally qualitative research approach, which we operationalized through a case study, based on a quali-quanti approach. We combined a descriptive statistical analysis of two questionnaires with a content analysis of interviews, focus discussion groups, and field notes from classroom observations and educational team meetings. The analysis of all these data points to the fact that effective change in schools and education that promotes deep learning for teachers and, consequently, for students and the organization, requires joint and articulated action not only at the level of structure and leadership, but also at the level of beliefs and school cultures.
... In the qualitative dimension of the study, a case study was preferred since the data obtained will be examined in depth and analyzed in detail. In-depth analysis of one or more situations is the most important and effective feature of a case study (Stake, 1995;Yin, 2014). A case study collects multiple datasets, enabling in-depth research examination and more systematic data collection (Chmiliar, 2010). ...
This study investigated the effect of the Philosophy for Children (P4C) Approach, one of the most effective ways to help children who enjoy thinking and questioning from an early age, gain thinking skills, and make sense of what they think, on primary school students' attitudes towards science and problem-solving skills. The Philosophy for Children implementation process was carried out for 7 weeks and 3 hours in each lesson, 21 hours in total, with the experimental and control groups selected from 4th grade students studying in a public school in Haliliye district of Şanlıurfa province. This process was conducted using a mixed-methods research method. This study preferred to use the explanatory sequential mixed research method, as it collected qualitative data after analyzing quantitative data. The study employed a quasi-experimental design in the quantitative dimension, incorporating a pretest-posttest control group. The qualitative dimension of the study employed a case study for in-depth data analysis. The variables related to the effect of the Philosophy for Children approach on primary school students' attitudes towards science and problem-solving skills were carefully examined, and the findings were interpreted. The findings concluded that the Philosophy for Children Approach, through its activities and practices, positively influenced the 4th grade students' attitudes towards science and problem-solving skills
... Engaging in case-study analysis (Merriam, 1998), we read and reread the data corpus. We then drew on data excerpts to construct an instrumental case study (Stake, 1995) centered on participants' experiences in the PLC, seeking insight into how a PLC focusing on CRS ELA practices provided further preparation, support, and continuing education for preservice ELA teachers. In this way, we captured themes and patterns found in semi-structured PLC sessions, one-on-one interviews, and observations of students in a local PLC workshop series. ...
Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) have potential as a collaborative model at facilitating culturally relevant/sustainable (CRS) pedagogical practices with preservice teachers. This article presents the results of a study examining the experiences of preservice English educators in a model PLC aimed at fostering understandings of CRS pedagogies with preservice educators. Monthly virtual PLC sessions were conducted over the course of four months, focused on developing an understanding of CRS pedagogies with six preservice educators. Transcripts from PLC sessions and individual interviews were examined through a qualitative case-study analysis to determine themes that emerged from participant experiences. Analysis revealed three themes as central to preservice teachers’ experiences in the model PLC: (1) need for sense of community in the PLC, (2) apprehension regarding perceived administrative response, and (3) enthusiasm for attempting CRS practices in the classroom. PLCs centered on developing CRS practices with preservice educators may aid English teacher education programs in preparing teachers to educate students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds.
... The challenge is to make these cases contextually relevant, allowing respondents to freely express their experiences, which are captured in direct quotations. In a case study, sampling applies to selecting cases and data sources "that best help us understand the case" [55] (p. 56). ...
Aimed at understanding how pastoralist livelihoods are affected within the Northwest Region of Cameroon, this article explores the nexus of social justice, indigenous know-how, livelihoods, social security, and sustainability through a political ecology lens. Through a qualitative case study based on in-depth interviews with 59 key informants, this study departs from existing literature by exploring the linkages that exacerbate risks and vulnerabilities for pastoralist livelihoods. We situate the contending issues through emerging data and analysis, which highlight indigenous elements that sustain pastoralist livelihoods (coping strategies and sustenance) and identify diversified barriers that impede pastoralists' sense of social justice and community-mindedness. Other intersecting pointers identified relate to environmental interactions, social security, sustainability, and decision-making within local and national governance mechanisms that either enhance or impede sustainable development. We proposed a social justice ecosystem framework (SJEF) that uncovers the enmeshments of social justice, social security, indigenous know-how, and livelihoods, with implications for sustainable development. The framework makes a compelling case for co-produced policies; implementing symbiotic social justice-based policies is mandatory, encapsulating thriving aspects of pastoralists' unique traditions, which are often missed by governments and agencies in social community development planning and sustainable development initiatives.
... Araştırmanın nitel aşamasında ise verilerin toplanması ve analiz edilmesinde çevrim içi PTÖ etkinlikleri ile ilgili öğrenci görüşleri, günlük ve araştırmacı gözleminden oluşan çoklu durum çalışması tasarımı (Stake, 1995;Yin, 2003) kullanılmıştır. Çoklu durum çalışması birden fazla durumun kendi içlerinde ve diğer durumlarla birlikte incelenmesine dayalı araştırma yöntemidir (Stake, 2005 (6), Gabon (4), Ekvator Ginesi (3), Kırgızistan (1), Fransa (1), Kamerun (1) ve Gine (1) Araştırmada kontrol grubunun cinsiyet dağılımı bakımından 10 erkek 11 kız öğrenciden oluştuğu, yaş aralığının 18-29 olduğu, Türkiye'de bulunma sürelerinin 7 ay -2 yıl arasında olduğu görülmektedir. ...
Businesses with owners from ethnic minorities function differently. Ethnocultural differences shape business decision-making and are impacted by discriminatory practices across the marketplace. While research has centered on the way ethnicity shapes business development and on the impact barriers have on commercial practices within ethnic minority populations, this chapter provides an instrumental case study of 20 immigrant student entrepreneurs at a Canadian university, investigating their perceptions of the capabilities needed to overcome barriers and rapidly pursue foreign market opportunities. It builds on a body of knowledge that features immigrant entrepreneurs’ ability to overcome barriers and identify and exploit opportunities. This chapter focuses on the experiences of immigrant student entrepreneurs in Canada and observes that this population of ethnic minority business owners possess certain generic, and unique capabilities that are further developed from within the university space in order to allow this population of entrepreneurs to overcome barriers and excel in the marketplace. These observations help transform how we understand ethnic minority entrepreneurship and offer important recommendations to facilitate effective support mechanisms to develop this potential beyond this university-centered instrumental case study.
This study explores the adoption of digital marketing strategies among Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Makassar, Indonesia, focusing on their phased approach, responses to market pressures, and the role of organizational readiness in digital transformation. Utilizing a qualitative case study design, in-depth interviews and observations were conducted with five well-established culinary MSMEs. Thematic analysis and manual coding were used to identify key themes and validate findings on their digital marketing adoption journey. The findings reveal a staged adoption process, beginning with basic social media use and evolving toward e-commerce platforms, targeted advertising, and customer relationship management (CRM) systems. Market pressures—such as heightened competition and shifting consumer preferences—were key drivers, though adoption levels varied. For instance, while 80% of respondents had adopted e-commerce platforms, others remained limited to social media engagement due to lower organizational readiness. Organizational readiness, encompassing technology infrastructure, financial capacity, and leadership attitudes, was crucial for effective digital adoption. The study highlights the need for tailored support, including digital literacy training, financial assistance, and an innovation-friendly culture, to enhance MSME competitiveness in the digital economy. This research contributes to the broader discourse on digital marketing adoption by providing strategic recommendations to support MSME growth in a digital landscape.
Hybrid work models quickly became the most common work arrangement for many employees after the coronavirus pandemic. In recent decades, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues related to sustainability have also gained importance in science and management practices. Currently, companies worldwide are concerned about their financial performance and the environmental and social impacts of their operational activities. This study aims to identify, through a systematic literature review, the relationship between sustainable management and hybrid work. To achieve this goal, the study method used is a systematic literature review in international article databases (Scopus and Web of Science). The findings suggest the main themes related to hybrid work and sustainable management, including urban mobility, sustainability, gender equity, talent retention, health, medicine, hybrid work models, opportunities and challenges, construction, pollutant emissions, leadership, and technology. It was identified that the term hybrid work is often confused with other terms related to telecommuting, and there is a knowledge gap linking hybrid work and sustainable management to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Given the constant technological advancements, the transformation of the post-pandemic globalized society, and the emerging forms of work, more studies are needed to consolidate the terms and concepts related to hybrid work and to meet the premises of sustainable management. Additionally, support tools should be developed for governments, companies, institutions, and organizations. Thus, it will be possible to meet the demands of society, science, and businesses.
This article explores the experiences of addiction recovery among urban Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth who attended the Saskatoon Community Youth Arts Program (SCYAP). SCYAP is a community-based organization that provides creative ways for youth to express themselves through art, and is intended to address the social, economic, and educational needs of urban youth who are characterized as at-risk. SCYAP has functioned since 2001 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Six Indigenous youth and four non-Indigenous youth were interviewed to explore how the processes of addiction recovery were understood and or experienced. The study postulates a theory of addiction recovery founded on Indigenous and non-Indigenous experiences, a sense of belonging, identity, values, art, and visualization. This study is qualitative in nature and explores the experiences of Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth in relation to addiction recovery. Research results show that Indigenous youth and non-Indigenous youth who use the services of SCYAP have meaningful insights into the ways in which they experience and understand addiction recovery.
As a subset of sustainable tourism, ecotourism has increased in protected tourism sites and biodiversity hotspots as increasingly more tourists look for meaningful natural experiences. This necessitates understanding how to leverage tourist-local community engagement in ecotourism branding. The chapter focuses on two case studies from two contexts, which harness tourist-local community engagement in their ecotourism branding. While the first case study relates to the conservation of nature and cultural heritage within an Amazonian rainforest in Peru, the latter refers to preserving the ecosystems of the ocean in the Maldives. Although both cases leverage tourist-local community engagement to a certain extent, they heavily focus on uplifting local communities, guest education and scientific research in their ecotourism branding. The study lacks empirical evidence, yet it has managerial and policy implications. It advises managers and policymakers to foster a sustainable ecotourism brand with the tourist-local community interaction in mind.
Being a widow or single parent is not easy, especially in Madura. Perceptions of women who are left behind for divorce in patriarchal cultures tend to be negative. Financial difficulties experienced, pressure from the social environment, and being deemed unable to care for children, are the problems they face. This stigma creates an image of a broken home family which is deemed unable to provide opportunities for its family members to develop. This divorce issue will feel more complex if it is associated with the concept of divorce in Madura. Being a widow in Madura is inseparable from the affairs of her ex-husband. In certain cases, ex-husbands often interfere in the lives of their ex-wives. In such situations, the ability to adapt to the pressure that occurs is needed. And one factor that can help accelerate the adjustment process is social support. This research was conducted to determine the description of social support for divorced Madurese women. Qualitative methods with a case study approach were used in this research. Five respondents were selected based on a purposive sampling technique with the criteria: Madurese women, aged 20-40 years, and had been divorced for at least 2 years. Interviews were analyzed using the Miles-Huberman model. The results show that respondents received social support, especially from their closest family and friends. The form of support provided includes helping to take care of children, encouraging them to remarry, meeting economic needs, and encouraging them to always be strong. It's not just about material things, parents encourage their children to remarry because they are still young. There are respondents' parents who leave all decisions to the respondents. All families support, but the decision remains in the hands of the respondent.
This qualitative case study explores the affordances of home-based multimodal literacy activities through the case of Mason’s (pseudonym) home writing experiences, a six-year-old bilingual kindergartener. Utilizing a play-based family literacy framework, the study examines 15 handmade mini-books created by Mason, revealing three key themes: (1) agency, creativity, and joy in Mason’s writing, (2) the cultivation of his bilingual and bicultural identities, and (3) the development of multimodal literacy through artistic representation. The study emphasizes the importance of recognizing writing as a playful and meaningful activity, advocating for an inclusive early childhood writing pedagogy that connects home and school literacy practices. By highlighting the interplay of children’s diverse interests, linguistic and cultural backgrounds, and personal experiences, the research underscores the transformative potential of literacy education to empower young learners from diverse backgrounds. This study provides insights into the role of home-based literacy activities in nurturing children's literacy development, positioning writing as an engaging and joyful practice.
Design-based research is a common tool mathematics educators use to study student learning and to generate high-level learning progressions and sequences of concrete mathematical tasks through iterative research cycles. There is a need for more transparent accounts of how researchers make decisions during the generation of such progressions and tasks. We address this need by describing the results of a case study of our design decisions, leveraging the constructs of local instruction theories and hypothetical learning trajectories to frame our decisions to promote students’ quantitative and covariational reasoning. We describe four considerations that influenced our re-design both of mathematical tasks and of learning progressions to support students’ covariational reasoning across seven teaching cycles with middle school students in the U.S. (ages 12-14). The four considerations that repeatedly influenced our task design decisions between cycles are: 1) supporting student thinking towards our goals, 2) eliciting student thinking, 3) keeping instruction efficient, and 4) exploring new possibilities. We discuss the importance of these considerations in our own work. We also highlight ways this work informs research on students’ quantitative and covariational reasoning and provide implications for task design. Through this report, we intend to provide an account that examines the task design process with reflexivity in a way that is useful for other researchers.
Thirty years after the abolishment of apartheid in South Africa, socio-economic inequalities persist, resulting in a life of adversity for most young children living in poverty. This is despite the government’s vision for 2030, which recognises the potential of early childhood care and education (ECCE) to alleviate poverty and inequality. Society's most vulnerable members need access to quality ECCE programmes to realise this vision. One of the main aspects of quality in ECCE is a professional workforce, a play-based curriculum, a safe environment, and parent and community partnerships. This article reports on a case study that aims to explore the experiences of ECCE personnel in impoverished and marginalised rural communities in KwaZulu-Natal Province. Data were generated from photographs, written narratives, and semi-structured interviews based on their experiences in rural ECCE centres. Despite recognising ECCE as a critical foundation for the optimal development of children, the findings reveal that numerous challenges plague the centres in these areas. The findings highlight poor infrastructure, nutrition, and service delivery, as well as the intricate interplay between ecological systems and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in shaping the quality of ECCE for young children. To achieve the goals of the National Development Plan, the study recommends that the government prioritise investment in ECCE programmes and support and collaborate with non-governmental organisations, especially in marginalised areas of KwaZulu-Natal.
This chapter explores the implications of the major forms of media capture in Morocco. First, it examines the economic and political control over the media in Morocco. Second, the emergence of the “politics of platforms,” as articulated by Gillespie in 2010, has ushered in a transformative era in the context of media capture. These emerging forms of capture are best described as “infrastructural capture,” a concept elucidated by Nechushtai in 2018. News organizations have become dependent on platforms such as Google and Facebook for tools provision for news production, audience analytics, and marketing insights. They also rely on funding sources. This chapter adopts the concept of media capture as an analytical framework and employs a qualitative case study approach to shed light on these intricate dynamics. It scrutinises how both media organizations, citizen journalists, alternative media organizations, and independent content creators (bloggers, YouTubers, Vloggers, and podcasters) have devised diverse strategies for resistance. Notably, the advent of digital technology has played a pivotal role in precipitating these transformative “resistance” practices. These innovations have pushed the boundaries of political expression, engendering a context in which sustainable business models within the media sector are being actively developed.
Health-related suffering generated by life-limiting or life-threatening conditions is a complex phenomenon inextricably linked with human experience. Most of this suffering can be ameliorated with access to quality palliative care that is not available in much of the world, especially low-resource settings. Some exploration of the definitional boundaries of and needs pertaining to health-related suffering suggests that patients and families assign specific importance to the compassionate and supportive aspects of palliative care. However, the intrinsic and personal value of alleviating health-related suffering to patients and caregivers has not been systematically studied to explicitly inform health systems priority-setting and practice. Exploration of health-related suffering based on personal experience is primarily focused on high-income contexts and/or clinical care management. Comprehensive evidence can support the overall investment case for expanding access to palliative care worldwide. The SAVE (Suffering Alleviation and the Value of Experiential knowledge) study protocol provides an instrument to examine the value assigned to suffering alleviation based on lived experience to guide health systems strengthening. Informed by literature reviews, deliberation of a global expert group on limitations of quantitative measurement of suffering, and piloting in two countries – Barbados and Mexico – the SAVE protocol can support evidence generation that is anchored by experiential knowledge of the illness trajectory to advance people-centered health policy and systems research. A part of broader work in follow-up to the Lancet Commission on Global Access to Palliative Care and Pain Relief, the protocol incorporates guidance on qualitative approaches and their importance to understanding lived experience, building on existing literature. Finally, implications for health systems responsiveness and high-value healthcare are discussed alongside opportunities for future research.
Objectives
Networks (multiple organizations or actors coordinating their activities towards a common goal) have been promoted in the cancer programs of a number of countries. But there is little empirical evidence on whether and how they overcome the siloed functioning endemic in specialized domains. This study examines how collaborative governance takes shape to support integrated network-based practices within a prescribed national cancer program.
Methods
A longitudinal qualitative single-case study was conducted of the Quebec cancer network in Canada. Data were collected in 2018-2020 through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders ( n = 37) involved in regional and/or national cancer network structures and a review of documents ( n = 45) generated at national and regional level. Abductive thematic analysis during and post-field work was based on Emerson’s collaborative governance framework. It aimed to identify how collaborative governance mechanisms (principled engagement, shared motivation and capacity for joint action) were activated in the network, and their contribution to translating a national cancer program into network-based practices at the point of care.
Results
Principled engagement was driven through interdisciplinary committees at national and regional level, communities of practice and trajectory-development efforts. These mandated structures supported knowledge exchange and contributed to the recognition of interdependencies, distribution of leadership and development of mutual understanding and trust. Shared motivation benefitted from a vision of patient-centred care but was hindered by top-down communication vehicles that did not allow regional priorities to filter upwards to central level. Between care providers in different settings, trust and candidacy were identified as mechanisms important to shared motivation, though network actions did not sufficiently support trust across care settings, or even between members of the same profession. Candidacy issues hindered family physician participation in cancer network structures that mirrored ongoing difficulties to including them in cancer care practice. Institutional arrangements were important drivers of capacity for joint action in the network. Common indicators were recognized as important to generating efforts towards common goals; however, questions around their validity reduced their contribution to capacities for joint action.
Conclusions
Despite favorable starting conditions from the national cancer program and its central leadership promoting collaborative governance, tensions that emerge through the pursuit of network integration limit the transition to a more collaborative practice. Taking the time to work out these tensions as integration proceeds in waves appears essential to arrive at a governance model that is appropriate and acceptable for all network members.
Bu araştırma, aday öğrencilerin üniversite tercih süreçlerinde sosyal medyanın rolünü analiz etmeyi amaçlayarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Vaka çalışması yapılan bu araştırmada 153 anket katılımcısı, 30 derinlemesine görüşme katılımcısı ve üniversitenin sosyal medya çalışmalarını yürüten ekibin yer aldığı bir odak grup bulunmaktadır. Bulgular, sosyal medyanın aday öğrencilerin üniversite araştırmalarını şekillendirmede önemli bir araç olarak işlev gördüğünü göstermiştir. Üniversitelerin resmi hesaplarının, kampüs olanakları, akademik kadro ve öğrenci etkinlikleri hakkında paylaşımları, aday öğrencilerin tercihlerinde etkili olmuştur. Akranlarının deneyimlerini yansıtan paylaşımlar da tercihlerde belirleyici bir etken olarak görülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, sosyal medyanın olumsuz yanları da göz ardı edilmemelidir. Yüzeysel ve reklam amaçlı içeriklerin etkisi, dikkate alınması gereken bir konudur. Diğer taraftan ebeveynlerin de sosyal medyayı tercih sürecine entegre ettiği gözlenmiştir. Üniversitelerin öğrenci odaklı sosyal medya hesapları oluşturması, akranların daha objektif ve kapsamlı paylaşımlarda bulunması, ebeveynlerin bilinçli bir şekilde rehber materyallerden faydalanması, rektörün sosyal medyayı aktif olarak kullanması ve sanal kampüs turlarının gerekli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma, sosyal medyanın üniversite tercih süreçlerindeki rolünün anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamış, üniversite seçim sürecine ve gelecekteki çalışmalara ilham kaynağı olabilecek önemli bulgular sunmuştur.
While scholars and public figures have positioned the COVID-19 pandemic as an opportunity for school reform, the response to this potential for change by teachers remains underexplored. In turn, we attend to the following research question: how do teachers at project-based learning high schools conceptualize the changes to education that have occurred in response to the COVID-19 pandemic? In analyzing temporally dispersed interviews with eight teachers from four different schools in the United States between 2020 and 2022, we found that participants recognized changes in the pedagogies, curricula, assessments, and structures in their school systems. In particular, teachers conceptualized these educational shifts through the lenses of technological change, a push for student-centered practices, and an embrace of real world applications of learning. However, they also described a reversal of these changes once in person schooling returned, illustrating an inability of the pandemic to affect the “grammar of schools” (Tyack & Tobin, 1994).
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