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Orthotrichum tortidontium sp. nov. (Orthotrichaceae, Bryopsida), an epiphytic moss from western Mediterranean mountains
Abstract
A new epiphytic Orthotrichum (O. tortidontium) is described from Mid- Atlas Mountains of Morocco and Betic Sierras of southern Spain. The new species is in subgenus Gymnoporus (Braithw.) Limpr., section Affinia Schimp. and shows the following differential features: long lanceolate, acute or acuminate leaves; emergent, slightly striate capsule; and a peculiar radiate ornamentation of the 16 exostome teeth resulting from the splitting of the original 8-teeth bigeminate exostome. Description and data on the ecology and distribution of the new taxon are provided, as well as S.E.M. micrographs and drawings of the most significant characters.
... Au cours des derniéres années, on a beaucoup avancé dans la connaissance de la répartition de ees espéees méditerranéennes. Á titre d'exemple, Orthotrichum acumina tum est passée d'étre practiquement une inconnue dans la Méditerranée Occidentale á étre considérée comme une des plus fréquentes dans les milieux épiphytiques, spécialement dans la Péninsule Ibérique (Lara & Mazimpaka 1992, Casas 1994) et le Nord du Maroc. Une situation pareille a été observée sur Orthotrichum philibertii ). ...
... Orthotrichum macrocephalum F. Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka A parí la notable réduction de la taille, cette mousse a adopté un habitus compact (Lara & al. 1994), gráce au quel elle a tres peu de surface exposée a l'insolation. Ceci a été possible gráce aux feuilles concaves, imbriquées et aux extrémités arrondies. ...
... Orthotrichum tortidontium F. Lara, Garilleti & Mazimpaka Cette espéce se distingue facilement par la particuliére position tortueuse des dents de l'exostome au sec (Lara & al. 1996a). La fragilité de son péristome a été aussi interprétée comme une adaptation a la libération hygrocastique des spores (Lara & al. 1996b). ...
... In this study, we assess whether ultrastructural features (plastid development, storage substances, and spore wall configuration) are associated with spore dispersal strategies. To minimize taxonomic differences, we used seven related species, all belonging to the same section of the moss genus Orthotrichum Hedw., in which both xerochastic and hygrochastic dispersal have been observed [18][19][20]. ...
... The size range we observed matches those given in the most commonly used descriptions of the genus Orthotrichum (e.g. [18][19][20]), and although O. acuminatum tends to have larger spores, there was nonetheless a high degree of overlap with other species. ...
Most mosses have xerochastic dispersal (i.e., they open their capsules when conditions are dry), which is thought to favor long-distance dispersal. However, there are several species that use a hygrochastic strategy: spores are dispersed when conditions are wet. The significance of this strategy in the Mediterranean region is unknown. In this study, we explored whether ultrastructural features related to differences in spore resistance may explain these different strategies of spore dispersal. To this end, we examined the ultrastructural features of the spores of seven closely related species in the moss genus Orthotrichum. These species all grow as epiphytes in sub-Mediterranean forests, and the group includes both xerochastic and hygrochastic members. First, we found that the spore wall layers exhibit several features previously undescribed in mosses. Second, we discovered that there are only subtle differences in spore ultrastructure with regards to spore wall thickness, the degree of plastid development, or the storage substances used. We suggest that the hygrochastic dispersal in mosses from Mediterranean environments might be related to a safe-site strategy, rather than to drought avoidance, and we underscore the necessity of conducting spore ultrastructural studies on a greater number of bryophyte species.
... The characterization of morphological traits and geographic distributions is based on descriptions in Lewinsky (1993a) complemented with those from all subsequently discovered and recognized taxa (Lewinsky, 1993b Ignatov & Lewinsky-Haapasaari, 1994; Lara et al., 1994 Lara et al., , 1996 Lara et al., , 1999a Lara et al., , 1999b Lara et al., , 1999c Lara et al., , 2000 Lara et al., , 2006 Lara et al., , 2007 Lara et al., , 2009a Lara et al., , 2009b Lara et al., , 2009c Lara et al., , 2010, 1999a, 1999b Vitt, 1994 Vitt, , 2014 Lewinsky-Haapasaari & Tan, 1995; Tan & Yu, 1997; Vitt & Darigo, 1997; Lewinsky-Haapasaari & Norris, 1998a, 1998b Magill & van Rooy, 1998; Mazimpaka et al., 1999 Mazimpaka et al., , 2000a Mazimpaka et al., , 2000b Matteri, 2000; Garilleti et al., 2001 Garilleti et al., , 2006a Garilleti et al., , 2006b Garilleti et al., , 2009 Garilleti et al., , 2011 Ignatov et al., 2001 Ignatov et al., , 2006 Allen, 2002; Goffinet, 2002; Draper et al., 2003 Draper et al., , 2006 Akatova et al., 2004; Norris et al., 2004; K?rschner & Erda?, 2005; Goffinet et al., 2007; Albertos et al., 2008; Medina et al., 2008 Medina et al., , 2009 Medina et al., , 2011 Medina et al., , 2012 Medina et al., , 2013 Atwood & Allen, 2009; Frahm et al., 2009; Pl??ek et al., 2009 Pl??ek et al., , 2014 Fedosov & Ignatova, 2010 Jia et al., 2011; Bosanquet & Lara 2012; Lara & Garilleti, 2014; Wang & Jia, 2014; Ellis et al., 2015a; Vigalondo et al., 2016b). Distribution areas used for listed taxa and maps follow Wijk et al. (1964). ...
Molecular analyses have consistently evidenced the phylogenetic heterogeneity of Orthotrichum Hedw., and suggested the need to segregate the species with superficial stomata in a separate genus. A recent proposal has been made to accommodate the monoicous species with such stomata in the genus Dorcadion Adans. ex Lindb., which is, however, an illegitimate name according to the current Code of nomenclature of algae, fungi and plants. Consequently a new name is required, and the generic name Lewinskya F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet is proposed. New combinations are made for all the species included in the new genus. Given the long history of the genus Orthotrichum and the similarities between this genus and Lewinskya, the morphological and geographic circumscriptions of both genera are provided to define them accurately. The taxa remaining in Orthotrichum s.str. are also listed.
... Orthotríchum tortidontium F. Lara, Garilleti & Maz impaka is a recently described epiphytic moss (Lara et al. 1996a). Up to now, it has been reported from some localities in northern Morocco and from Spain, where it is more frequent. ...
Orthotrichum tortidontium F. Lara Garilleti & Mazimpaka, known previously from Spain and Morocco, is reported from a disjunct eastern Mediterranean locality.
The bryophyte flora of the Sierras de Filabres, Cabrera, Alhamilla and Cabo de Gata of Almería province (S.E. Spain) includes 280 taxa (236 mosses and 44 liverworts) of which 74 are new to the province of Almería, 31 to the southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula and 4 to the Iberian Peninsula. Data about their biogeography and ecology are given.
A bryophyte checklist of Northern Africa has been compiled based on the published literature. On the basis of this catalogue 5 hornworts, 171 liverworts and 706 mosses are reported for the area (total number 882). It includes Algeria (648 taxa), Egypt (excluding the Sinai Peninsula, 156 taxa), Libya (138 taxa), Mauritania (5 taxa), Morocco (594 taxa), Spanish territories in North Africa (58 taxa), Tunisia (336 taxa), Western Sahara (0 taxa), and the Saharan part of Chad (88 taxa), Mali (4 taxa) and Niger (4 taxa). Several new combinations are required following publication of this checklist. Type material of these taxa was not studied, therefore they are listed under their illegitimate names, but with their probable correct positions indicated.
Relationships between the species of the genus Orthotrichum (Musci, Orthotrichaceae) are analyzed with cladistic methods. As a result, a new phylogeny is presented: Orthotrichum paraguense is moved to a genus of its own, Sehnemobryum gen.nov. and the remaining species are shown to make up a monophyletic group, which is tentatively divided into eight subgroups to which no formal names have been assigned. Orthotrichum callistomum (with immersed stomata) is shown to be closer related to species with superficial stomata in sect. Leiocarpa, than to any species with immersed stomata, and O. cyathiforme (with superficial stomata) seems related to species with immersed stomata in subg. Pulchella. The earlier proposed relationship between O. obtusifolium and O. exiguum is supported, whereas no support is given for a separation of the species O. gymnostomum and O. obtusifolium into a genus of their own. Immersed stomata most likely developed twice within the genus, whereas a doubling of the chromosomes from a basic number of n = 6 followed by subsequent loss of one chromosome to n = 11 may have happened once or twice. The study supports the earlier assumption that the genus Orthotrichum probably originated in the Southern Hemisphere, and that the ancestral species most likely was an epiphyte having superficial stomata, a chromosome number of n = 6, symmetric division of the IPL, well developed endostome segments with a complete median line on the outside, prostomes, the dry exostome teeth recurved, capsules not being constricted below the mouth when dry, and medium-sized leaves. The taxonomic position was confirmed for O. bolanderi, whereas it was changed for O. pulchrum, O. speciosum, O. latimarginatum, and O. anaglyptodon. The systematic position of Orthotrichum cyathiforme is still not clear. The species Orthotrichum callistomum, O. cyathiforme, and O. exiguum seem essential to the understanding of the infrageneric evolution.
A new species of Orthotrichum (O. lewinskyae) from the Rif Cordillera and the Mid Atlas Mountains (Morocco) is described. This taxon is included in subgenus Pulchella (Schimp.) Vitt section Pulchella Schimp. It is close to O. scanicum Grönv. and O. holmenii Lew.-Haap., from which it differs by the following combination of characters: large spores (22-30 μm); leaves linear-lanceolate with wide and excavate at bases; leaf margins progressively narrowed at apices, which can be plane or incurved on one or both sides; upper leaf-cells larger than those of related taxa; seta intermediate between those of O. scanicum and O. holmenii.
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