Content uploaded by Jesús Muñoz
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Jesús Muñoz on Sep 22, 2019
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Amendments to the bryophyte flora of the Cape Verde and Canary Islands
Abstract
This contribution lists a series of new records as well as deletions from the bryophyte check-list of the Canary and Cape Verde islands based on field observations as well as revisions of herbarium material. Rhabdoweisia crispata is reported for the first time in the Canary Islands, new to Macaronesia. Aneura pinguis is a new record for the Cape Verde archipelago. Within the Canaries, 14 species are reported as new for several individual islands: Lejeunea cavifolia, Plagiochila stricta, Grimmia ungeri, and Scorpiurium deflexifolium in La Palma; Metzgeria leptoneura in Gran Canaria; Plagiochila maderensis, Pohlia cruda, Pteryginandrum filiforme, and Tortella inflexa in Tenerife; Plagiochila virginica in El Hierro and Fuerteventura; Cratoneuron filicinum in La Gomera; Orthotrichum acuminatum in El Hierro and Gran Canaria; Cryptoleptodon longisetus and Polytrichum juniperinum in Fuerteventura. In the Cape Verde Islands, Orthotrichum diaphanum is reported for the first time from Santo Antão. Revisions of herbarium material also conclude that Grimmia donniana, Sciuro-hypnum populeum and Plagiochila spinulosa were erroneously reported from the Canary Islands.
... The knowledge of Cape Verdean bryophytes lags far behind that of vascular plants (Bizot 1969;Muhle 1982Muhle , 1986. The earliest bryophyte studies were by Bolle (1852Bolle ( , 1855, Geheeb (1910), Cardoso (1915), Potier de la Varde (1943, 1946) Bizot (1969, and Bizot and Dury (1978). Other significant contributions were made by Chevalier (1935), and Muhle (1982Muhle ( , 1986, who published a list of known species for the archipelago, followed more recently by Frahm et al. (1996a). ...
... The current Cape Verde checklist, up to 2005, enumerates 156 bryophyte taxa comprising, 37 liverworts and hornworts, and 119 mosses (Patiño Llorente and González Mancebo 2005). However, more recently, a total of 43 liverworts and hornworts, and 136 mosses have been listed (based on recent works) by González-Mancebo et al. (2009), Ellis, Alegro et al. (2015, Ellis, Ah-Peng et al. 2015), Cano (2016), Jiménez and Cano (2017), Sérgio and Stow (2017), Dirkse et al. (2018), Melo (2019) Sim-Sim et al. (2019) and Ellis et al. (2020). ...
... Moenk. was hitherto known from Cape Verde, on Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Santiago and Fogo (Frahm et al. 1996a), in several localities (Geheeb 1910;Cardoso 1915;Bizot 1969;Bizot and Dury 1978;Frahm et al. 1996b). ...
Introduction
The Cape Verdean bryophyte flora comprises representatives of various floristic elements including Afrotropical, Neotropical, Mediterranean and Asiatic elements, together with some endemic taxa. However, the knowledge of Cape Verdean bryophytes lags far behind that of vascular plants.
Methods
A total of seven sites were sampled during 2016 in the Cape Verde archipelago, one on São Vicente and six on Santo Antão.
Results and conclusions
Five species are reported new to Cape Verde, Cheilolejeunea rigidula (Nees ex Mont.) R.M.Schust., Riccia trabutiana Steph., Lewinskya acuminata (H.Philib.) F.Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet, Lindbergia patentifolia Dixon and Timmiella cameruniae Broth. The presence of Porella canariensis (F.Weber) Underw in the archipelago is also confirmed. Additionally, Frullania spongiosa Steph., Bryum dichotomum Hedw., Cryptoleptodon longisetus (Mont.) Enroth and Didymodon hastatus (Mitt.) R.H.Zander are reported for the first time from Santo Antão. Cheilolejeunea rigidula, Lindbergia patentifolia and Timmiella cameruniae are new to Macaronesia and a description of the last taxon is presented.
... This work deals with Orthotrichum acuminatum H.Philib., a moss currently considered to be restricted to the western Palaearctic area (Lara & Garilleti, 2014). It is an epiphytic moss frequent in most of the islands and continental countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea (Draper et al., 2006; Draper, Mazimpaka & Lara, 2008; Ros et al., 2013) and the Canary Islands (Lara, Mazimpaka & Garilleti, 1999; González-Mancebo et al., 2009). Because of this wide but environmentally specific geographical range, it has been considered one of the best examples of Mediterranean moss distribution (Lara & Mazimpaka, 2001; Mateo et al., 2013). ...
... An intensive morphometric analysis was conducted to highlight whether morphological differences actually occurred between the disjunct regions. Eighty-seven morphological characters (60 qualitative and 27 quan- titative;Table 1, and Supporting InformationTable S1) were selected on the basis of our own experience in previous studies on Orthotrichaceae (Lara et al., 2009; Medina et al., 2009 Medina et al., , 2012 Medina et al., , 2013 Lara & Garilleti, 2014). Some of the representative traits considered and where they have been measured are shown inFigure 2 . ...
Intercontinental disjunct distributions are a main issue in current biogeography. Bryophytes usually have broad distribution ranges and therefore constitute an interesting subject of study in this context. During recent fieldwork in western North America and eastern Africa, we found new populations of a moss morphologically similar to Orthotrichum acuminatum. So far this species has been considered to be one of the most typical epiphytic mosses of the Mediterranean Basin. The new findings raise some puzzling questions. Do these new populations belong to cryptic species or do they belong to O. acuminatum, a species which then has a multiple-continent disjunct range? In the latter case, how could such an intercontinental disjunction be explained? To answer these questions, an integrative study involving morphological and molecular approaches was conducted. Morphological results reveal that Californian and Ethiopian samples fall within the variability of those from the Mediterranean Basin. Similarly, phylogenetic analyses confirm the monophyly of these populations, showing that O. acuminatum is one of the few moss species with a distribution comprising the western Nearctic, the western Palaearctic and Palaeotropical eastern Africa. Pending a further genetic and phylogeographical study to support or reject the hypothesis, a process of long-distance dispersal (LDD) is hypothesized to explain this distribution and the origin of the species is suggested to be the Mediterranean Basin, from where diaspores of the species may have migrated to California and Ethiopia. The spore release process in O. acuminatum is revisited to support the LDD hypothesis, 2015, 180, 30–49.
... Earliest herbarium evidence for the occurrence of Lewinskya acuminata (Orthotrichaceae) in East Africa Lara et al. 2016), is considered one of the most representative and widespread species of Orthotrichaceae in the Mediterranean basin (Lara and Garilleti 2014). The species occurs on almost all the main islands and in both the European and African sides of the Mediterranean Sea, from Anatolia to the Iberian Peninsula (Jelenc 1967;Draper et al. 2006Draper et al. , 2008Ros et al. 2013;Vigalondo et al. 2016), as well as in Macaronesia (Lara et al. 1999;Sim-Sim et al. 2008;González-Mancebo et al. 2009). ...
... In North Africa it is known from Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria (Jelenc, 1967;Draper et al., 2006Draper et al., , 2008. It is also found on the major Mediterranean islands such as Mallorca, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Crete, and Cyprus (Lo Giudice et al., 2000;Ros et al., 2013), and is also present on the Canary Islands (Lara et al., 1999;González-Mancebo et al., 2009). In continental Mediterranean Europe, O. acuminatum occurs from the Iberian Peninsula to Turkey (Lara & Mazimpaka, 1992;Ros et al., 2013, Lara & Garilleti, 2014. ...
In the present review, we provide an updated account on the level of knowledge in island bryophyte biogeography. In the framework of the 50 most fundamental questions for present and future island biology research highlighted by Patiño et al. (2017), we summarize current knowledge in bryophyte island biogeography and outline main research avenues for the future in the field. We found that only about 50% of the key current questions in island biogeography have been addressed to some extent, at least once, in bryophytes. Even fundamental questions that have caught the attention of ecologists since more than one century, such as the species-area relationship, have only rarely been dealt with in bryophytes. The application of the Island Biogeography Theory therefore opens an avenue for research in bryology, and we discuss the most salient features, including species and community phylogenetics, biotic interactions, and invasion biology.
The Macaronesian region comprises the volcanic, oceanic archipelagos of the Cape Verdes, the Canaries, the Savage or Selvagem Islands, Madeira and the Azores, located in the Atlantic Ocean between 15 and 30°N (Fig. 14.1). In keeping with other volcanic oceanic archipelagos, Macaronesia is characterised by high levels of endemicity and recent years have seen the rapid development of novel hypotheses to explain aspects of the evolution of diversity in the region. The availability of checklists for the biota for each of the Macaronesian archipelagos (Izquierdo et al., 2004; Arechavaleta et al., 2005; Borges et al., 2005a, 2008) has led to the development of new hypotheses to explain diversity patterns in the flora in relation to abiotic factors (Emerson & Kolm, 2005; Whittaker et al., 2007, 2008; Borges & Hortal, 2009). Silvertown (2004; see also Silvertown et al., 2005; and for other views, Herben et al., 2005; Saunders & Gibson, 2005) reviewed the results of phylogenetic analyses and suggested that ‘niche pre-emption’ may explain the radiation of some groups but not others. Carine et al. (2010) also used phylogenetic data to demonstrate that angiosperm groups which showed island woodiness (i.e. the evolution of woodiness linked to the colonisation of islands) were typically more species-rich than groups with the same habit on both continent and islands and hypothesised that the evolution of woodiness promoted diversification. Data from checklists together with phylogenetic information led Carine and Schaefer (2010) to suggest that differences in the climatic histories of the Canaries and Azores may explain the marked differences observed in patterns of endemicity in the angiosperm floras of the two archipelagos.
We provide first Canary Islands reports of Diphyscium foliosum (Hedw.) D. Mohr, Entosthodon longicolle (Trab.) Ros et M.J. Cano, Tortella alpicola Dixon and T. bambergeri (Schimp.) Broth., being the last three also new to Macaronesia. First individual island reports are given for Acaulon mediterraneum Limpr. (Gran Canaria, Tenerife), and Tortella limbata (Schiffn.) Geh. et Herzog (Tenerife). Brief taxonomic notes are added. Entosthodon fascicularis (Hedw.) Müll. Hal. is removed from the list of Fuerteventura and Tortella fragilis (Hook. Wilson) Limpr. from the list of the Canary Islands.
The names of all mosses published up to the end of August 2011 in the countries
of the Mediterranean basin, the Macaronesian Islands and Bulgaria are compiled in an
annotated checklist. The list comprises accepted names and synonyms, and provides
explanatory annotations for ambiguous and disputed names. Literature references
supporting the reports in each individual area are given only for taxa reported once or in a
single locality. A total of 1168 accepted species and 81 infraspecific taxa are reported from
the whole area.
We present a bryological bibliography for 2009-10 - a structured checklist.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List categories and criteria were applied to small-sized spore-producing plants with high dispersal capacities (bryophytes). The application of some of the IUCN criteria to bryophytes in small and highly environmental diverse islands implies several problems. The criteria applicability increases when the occupancy area is reduced. However, for common species restricted to a single type of vegetation belt, the use of the IUCN criteria is problematic because of inapplicable and/or misleading thresholds. We adapted the IUCN criteria by modifying the occupancy and occurrence area sizes and by specifying the location. This approach allowed us to establish the first Red List for the bryophyte species in the Canaries, which comprises 105 species (67 mosses and 38 liverworts); among them, 7 are critically endangered, 20 are endangered and 78 are vulnerable. Twenty-six species were classified as near-threatened, 245 were considered to be at low risk and 125 were data deficient (DD). Among the DD ones, 19 corresponded to newly reported species (DD-n) and 40 had no records during the last 30 years (DD-va). Our findings show that the freshwater habitats as well as the habitats in the most restricted cloud forests (with Erica platycodon) contain the majority of the threatened species, followed by other types of laurel forests and high mountain habitats.
Enumerates 140 hepatics and 309 musci of the Canary Islands. The list contains 241 new species recordings for individual islands. -from Authors
Grimmia subg. Orthogrimmia comprises nine species distributed on mountain chains or high latitudes mainly in the Northern Hemisphere. This subgenus is defined by the following combination of characters: leaves V-shaped in transverse section, margins flat (seldom recurred in G. reflexidens), proximal marginal cells with the transverse walls thicker than the longitudinal walls, setae erect and straight (curved only in G. arenaria), and capsules symmetric and smooth. I recognize two sections: sect. Donnianae, including G. arenaria Hampe, G. doaniana Sm., and G. triformis Carestia and De Not.; and sect. Moatanae, comprising G. alpestris (F. Weber and D. Mohr) Schleich., G. caespiticia (Brid.) Jut., G. montana Bruch and Schimp, G. nivalis Kindb., G. reflexidens Mall. Hal., and G. ungeri Jur. Grimmia brachyphylla Cardot, considered by other authors to be synonymous with G. montana, is shown to be conspecific with Coscinodon humilis, and is here lectotypified. Grimmia sinensianodon is considered to be synonymous with Coscinodon cribrosus, and not with G. caespiticia, as previously believed. All taxa are keyed and described, and typified where indicated. Illustrations and distribution maps are provided for each species.
SUMMARY The moss flora of Europe and Macaronesia comprises 278 genera, 1292 species, 46 subspecies and 118 varieties. Of the total 1292 species, 53 are confined to Macaronesia and 21 are thought to be non-native. The checklist was derived from those for the various component countries and regions. It is based on results published up to the end of 2005. Subspecies and varieties are included; hybrids are omitted. The taxonomic hierarchy is based on one published by Goffinet & Buck in 2004. While it has been strongly influenced by results of modern molecular methods, there are still many remaining uncertainties, even at family level. Because of these uncertainties, taxonomic innovation has generally been avoided. There are four new combinations and one change of status.
Recent fieldwork in the Madeira's Laurissilva resulted in the discovery of the neotropical liverwort Plagiochila stricta Lindenb. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS nrDNA sequence variation confirms the existence of P. stricta in Madeira. Bootstrap analysis confirms a close relationship to P. stricta from Tenerife, Spain. The data are well supported by bootstrap analysis and complementary morphological studies supporting the addition of this liverwort taxon to the Madeiran flora. Comments on the ecological requirements of this liverwort are given. P. stricta is mainly distributed in the Laurissilva forest areas.
Bryophyte species fertility and life strategy composition on different substrates were examined along an altitudinal gradient incorporating lauriphyll forest, Erica-Myrica woodland and Pinus canariensis forest at El Canal y Los Tiles (La Palma, Canary Islands). One hundred and forty quadrats (each 625 cm2) were sampled along this gradient and 86 bryophyte species were recorded. The relationship of life strategy to environmental factors was explained using canonical correspondence analysis. The perennial life strategy is best represented in the more humid forests, but at higher elevations the colonist category is the most abundant. Colonists, short-lived shuttle and long-lived shuttle categories mainly occur on rocks in the driest forest. In the more humid forest, long-lived shuttle and short-lived shuttle categories are prominent on trees and the colonist category on soil. The perennial category is prominent on shady soils in the driest forest. In the more humid areas its abundance is similar on all substrates. Humidity conditions, substrate dynamics and vegetation disturbance seem to be the main factors influencing life strategy composition in the area studied. The lowest percentage of fertile species was found in the perennial life strategy category. The others have similar fertility (approximately 70%). The types of breeding systems, climatic conditions and rarity seem to have a great influence in the fertility of the species.
The liverwort Anastrophyllum minutum, and the mosses Campylopus brevipilus, Pohlia melanodon and Syntrichia latifolia are reported from Madeira for the first time, based on records from riparian habitats. The current threat status in Madeira is assessed for these four species and updated for two other ones.
The author reports some remarkable bryophyte records from La Gomera, Tenerife (Canary Islands) and Madeira. Metzgeria temperata is new to Tenerife. Jungermannia callithrix, Gymnostomum calcareum var. atlanticum and Grimmia meridionalis are new to La Gomera. Jungermannia callithrix, and Gymnostomum calcareum var. atlanticum are new, as well, to the Canary Islands. Rare species observed include Anthoceros caucasicus (Tenerife), Cololejeunea schaeferi (La Gomera), Riccia gougetiana var. armatissima (Tenerife), Dicranella howei (Tenerife), Ditrichum punctulatum (Madeira), Rhynchostegiella bourgeana (Tenerife) and Tortula solmsii (La Gomera, Tenerife).
An updated compilation of the species list of the Canary Islands has been carried out, based only on published data. It includes 499 species: 141 liverworts, 6 hornworts and 352 mosses (7 strictly endemic to the Canary Islands, 19 endemic to Macaronesia and 6 Ibero-Macaronesian endemics). More than 150 new reports for particular islands and many nomenclatural and taxonomical changes have increased the total number of recorded species in comparison with the formerly published checklists. An analysis of species frequency on the seven islands shows that distribution patterns defined as restricted (presence in 1 or 2 islands) and localised (3, 4 or 5 islands) occur to a similar degree in the Canary Islands (38% and 36%, respectively), while the percentage of species with a general distribution (6 or 7 islands) is slightly lower (27%). Detrended correspondence analysis shows that altitude (in conjunction with heterogeneity and climatic conditions) and island age are the most important factors influencing bryophyte richness in the Canary Islands. On the other hand, species composition in these islands is mainly correlated with distance from the mainland and levels of precipitation. Two island groups can be distinguished according to the bryophyte flora. The driest islands Lanzarote and Fuerteventura show greater affinities with Deserta and some Cape Verde Islands than the other Canary Islands (especially in liverworts). The western Canary Islands (Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canada) show a greater similarity with the island of Madeira (especially in mosses). Detrended correspondence analysis for all Macaronesian islands shows that latitudinal position (correlated with precipitation), longitude and distances from the mainland are the main factors influencing species composition. Bryophyte richness in the Macaronesian islands is most strongly correlated with vascular plant richness, altitude and precipitation.
A bryophyte check list for the Ilhas Desertas (Madeira archipelago) is presented, including 36 taxa, new to the islands. Altogether, 95 bryophytes are known now from the islands, among them, Syntrichia montana var. calva new for the Madeira archipelago. In addition, nine taxa from Bugío are reported, representing the first collections of this southernmost island of the Ilhas Desertas.