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Bioactivity of Malva Sylvestris L., a Medicinal Plant from Iran

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Seyed Mehdi Razavi at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Seyed Mehdi Razavi
Gholamreza Zarrini at University of Tabriz
Gholamreza Zarrini
Ghader Molavi
Ghader Molavi
Ghader Molavi
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Ghader Ghasemi at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili
Ghader Ghasemi
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Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae), an annual plant, has been already commonly used as a medicinal plant in Iran. In the present work, we evaluate some bioactivities of the plant extracts. The aired-dried plant flowers and leaves were extracted by soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane, dichloromethane and methanol. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic of the plant extracts were evaluated using disk diffusion method, MTT, and Lettuce assays, respectively. Both flowers and leaves of M. sylvestris methanol extracts exhibited strong antibacterial effects against Erwinia carotovora, a plant pathogen, with MIC value of 128 and 256 µg/ml, respectively. The flowers extract also showed high antibacterial effects against some human pathogen bacteria strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Entrococcus faecalis, with MIC value of 192, 200 and 256 µg/ml, respectively. The plant methanol extracts had relatively high cytotoxic activity against MacCoy cell line. We concluded that Malva sylvestris can be candidated as an antiseptic, a chemopreventive or a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Short Communication
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
Vol. 14, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2011, 574-579
Received: Nov 6, 2010; Accepted: Apr 16, 2011
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 14, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2011
574
Bioactivity of Malva Sylvestris L., a Medicinal Plant from Iran
*
1
Seyed Mehdi Razavi,
2
Gholamreza Zarrini,
1
Ghader Molavi,
3
Ghader Ghasemi
Abstract
Objective(s)
Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae), an annual plant, has been already commonly used as a medicinal plant in
Iran. In the present work, we evaluate some bioactivities of the plant extracts.
Materials and Methods
The aired-dried plant flowers and leaves were extracted by soxhlet apparatus with n-hexane,
dichloromethane and methanol. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and phytotoxic of the plant extracts were
evaluated using disk diffusion method, MTT, and Lettuce assays, respectively.
Results
Both flowers and leaves of M. sylvestris methanol extracts exhibited strong antibacterial effects against
Erwinia carotovora, a plant pathogen, with MIC value of 128 and 256 µg/ml, respectively. The flowers
extract also showed high antibacterial effects against some human pathogen bacteria strains such as
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Entrococcus faecalis, with MIC value of 192, 200 and
256 µg/ml, respectively. The plant methanol extracts had relatively high cytotoxic activity against MacCoy
cell line.
Conclusion
We concluded that Malva sylvestris can be candidated as an antiseptic, a chemopreventive or a
chemotherapeutic agent.
Keywords: Antibacterial, Antifungal, Cytotoxicity, Malva sylvestris
1-
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
* Corresponding author: Tel: +98- 451- 5514702; Fax: +98- 451- 5514701; email: razavi694@gmail.com
2-
Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Bioactivity of Malva Sylvestris L., a Medicinal Plant
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 14, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2011
575
Introduction
Genus Malva L. (Malvaceae) is represented by
40 taxa in all over of the world. Malva
sylvestris L. is an annual plant with shallowly
lobed leaves and purple flowers which bloom
in late spring. This plant is native to Europe,
North Africa and South-west Asia. The plant
prefers damp areas, such as the ocean, salt
marshes, meadows, sides of ditches and banks
of tidal rivers (1).
M. sylvestris is commonly used as vegetable
and a medicinal plant in Iran where it is named
as Panirak. The plant flowers are used as a
remedy for cut wound, eczema, dermal infected
wounds, bronchitis, digestive problems, and
inflammations (2). Regarding the results of wang
(2005), anthocyanins from M. sylvestris caused
decreases in total cholesterol and triglycerides of
plasma. It is also shown that the extracts of some
Malva species protected rats from gastric lesions
induced by ethanol. This antiulcerogenic activity
may be associated with the high mucilage
content from the plant species (3).
There are many reports on phytochemicals
from M. sylvestris. Some reports revealed the
prescence of malvone A, a naphthoquinone and
different known monoterpenes, aromatic
compounds, and a tetrahydroxylated acyclic
diterpense (4, 5).
In the present work, we evaluated cytotoxic,
phytotoxic, and antimicrobial activities of
different plant extracts.
Materials and Methods
Plant materials
The flowers and leaves of M. sylvestris were
collected from around Tabriz, Iran during June
2009. A voucher specimen was deposited at
the Herbarium of faculty of Sciences,
University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil,
Iran (No: 1389-2).
Preparation of the extracts
Air-dried plant flowers and leaves were
extracted using a soxhlet type apparatus with n-
hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol,
respectively. The extracts were dried in vacuum.
Antibacterial assay
The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts
were determined against Escherichia coli
(PTCC 1047), (Persian Type Culture
Collection) Staphylococcus aureus (PTCC
1112), Entrococcus faecalis (PTCC 1190),
Streptococcus agalactiae (PTCC 1321),
Erwinia carotovora (PTCC 1675), and
Staphylococcus aureus (E
38
) by the disc
diffusion method (Razavi et al, 2009 b).
Muller- Hinton agar (MHA) (Oxoid) was used
for preparation of the media of bacteria. The
filter paper discs (6 mm in diameter) were
individually impregnated with 15 µl of stock
solution of the plant extracts (1.5 mg/ml) and
then placed onto the agar plates which had
previously been inoculated with the tested
microorganisms. The plates were inoculated at
37 °C for 24 hr. The diameters of inhibition
zones were measured in millimeters. All the
tests were performed in duplicate. Gentamicin
(10 µg) and erythromycin (15 µg) served as
positive control. The MICs of the extracts
against the test microorganisms were
determined by the Agar dilution method (6).
Antifungal assay
The antifungal activities of the plant extracts
were determined against Candida kefyr (ATCC
3896), Candida albicans (ATCC 14053),
Aspergillus niger (PLM 1140), Pinicillum SP,
and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum by the disc
diffusion method (Lorain 1996). Sabouraued
dextrose agar (SDA) (Oxoid) was used for
preparation of the media of the fungal strains.
The filter paper discs (6 mm in diameter) were
individually impregnated with 15 µl of stock
solution of the extracts (1.5 mg/ml) and then
placed onto the agar plates which had previously
been inoculated with the tested microorganisms.
Amphotericin B (10 µg) disc was applied as
positive control and the plates were inoculated
with the fungi incubated at 30 °C for 48 hr. The
diameters of inhibition zones were measured in
millimeters. All the tests were performed in
duplicate. The MICs of the extracts against the
test microorganisms were determined by the
agar dilution method (6).
Cell culture conditions and cytotoxic assay
MacCoy cell lines (Pasteur, C
123
) were grown in
Seyed Mehdi Razavi et al
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 14, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2011
576
RPMI 1640 (Gibco, No 51800-019) medium.
Each 500 ml of the medium consisted of 5.2 g
RPMI powder, 1 g of sodium bicarbonate,
1% W/V of penicillin/streptomycin and
supplemented with 10% heat- inactivated fetal
calf serum (FCS) in demonized water (7).
Completed medium was sterilized by filtering
through 0.22 µm microbiological filters (Art no
11107-25). Cell line was maintained in a
humidified atmosphere of 5% CO
2
at 37 °C in an
incubator. The stock solutions of methanol
extracts of M. sylvestris flowers and leaves were
prepared by dissolving the compound in 100 µl
DMSO (1 mg/ml). The final concentration of the
extract was 0.70, 0.50, 0.30, 0.3, 0.10, and 0.05
mg/ml. Cells were plated in the appropriate
media on 24-well microplates in a 500 µl total
volume at a density of 6×10
5
cell/ml. Three
different tests were performed for each
concentration to validate the results. The plates
were incubated at 37 °C in 5% CO
2
for a time
course of 16 hr. For evaluating cell viability, the
media were removed and 50 µl of a 5 mg/ml
solution of MTT was added to each treated cell
culture. The cells were incubated for 3 hr at
37 °C in 5% CO
2
and the foramazone crystals
were dissolved in 1 ml DMSO until the color
reaction became uniform. The optical density
was determined at 570 nm using a
spectrophotometer. The amount of MTT
converted to formazan is a sign of the number of
viable cells. Media- only treated cells served as
the indicator of 100% cell viability. The 50%
inhibitory concentration (IC
50
) was defined as
the concentration that reduced the absorbance of
the untreated wells by 50% of the control in the
MTT assay. Viability percentage was evaluated
as OD
treatment
/OD
control
(8).
Phytotoxic assay
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. CV. Varamin)
seeds were used to test germination response
to different concentration of the plant root
extracts. The stock solutions of the methanol
extract were prepared by dissolving the
extracts in the minimum volume of
dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO). The stock of
methanol extract of M. sylvestris leaves was
obtained by dissolving in the sterile water.
Different concentration of extracts (1, 0.1,
0.01, 0.001 mg/ml) were obtained by dilution
with deionized water. Parallel controls were
performed with the same volume of DMSO.
All seeds were surface sterilized with sodium
hypochloride (1%). Four replicates, each of 25
seed, were prepared for each treatment using
sterile Petri dishes (90 mm) lined with one
sterile filter paper (Whatman, number 2). Five
ml of different concentration of the extracts
was added to each Petri dish. Prepared plates
were then placed in a germination cabinet at
25 °C in the dark. Germination was deemed to
occur only after the radicle had protruded
beyond the seed coat by at least 1 mm. After 1
week, in the each treatment, germination
percentage was determined (9, 10).
Statistical analysis
In all assays, SPSS 11.5 software was used for
statistical analysis. Analysis of variance
(ANOVA) followed by Duncan test was used
to see the different amongst various groups.
The significance level was set at P< 0. 05.
Results
The results of antibacterial assay indicated that
both flowers and leaves of M. sylvestris
methanol extracts exhibited high bactericidal
activity. The extracts were found to have
strong antibacterial effects against Erwinia
carotovora, a common plant pathogen
bacteria, with MIC value of 128 and 256
µg/ml for the flowers and leaves extracts,
respectively. The methanol extract of the plant
flowers showed high antibacterial effects
against some human pathogen of bacteria
strains such as Staph. aureus, Strep.
agalactiae, Entro. faecalis, with MIC value of
192, 200, and 256 µg/ml, respectively. Both
flowers and leaves methanol extracts of the
plant possessed modest antibacterial activity
against other tested microorganism with MIC
value range of 320-800 µg/ml (Table 1).
On the other hand, antifungal assay showed
that the methanol extract of the plant flowers
indicated modest antifungal activity. The
extract inhibited the growth of Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum, a plant pathogen fungus, and
some human pathogen fungus like C. kefyr and
Bioactivity of Malva Sylvestris L., a Medicinal Plant
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 14, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2011
577
C. albicans with MIC range of 640-800 µg/ml
(Table 1).
No considerable antibacterial and
antifungal activity were found for the plant n-
hexane and dichloromethane extracts.
Our finding also showed that the plant
methanol extracts exhibited rather high
cytotoxic activity against McCoy line. The
flower and leaves extracts reduce the viability
of McCoy cells with IC
50
value of 265.3 and
311.0 µg/ml, respectively (Figure 1).
On the other hand, we did not find
considerable phytotoxic activity for M.
sylvestris extracts. This finding revealed that
there is no significant differences in seed
geremination between seed treated with the
different concentration of the plant extracts
and control test in seed germination (Table 2).
Table 1. Antimicrobial effects of methanolic extracts of Malva sylvestris
Amphotericin
(10µg)
IZ
(mm)
Gentamicin
(3 µg)
IZ
(mm)
Erythromycin
(30 µg)
IZ
(mm)
Flower extract
(1500 µg)
IZ MIC
(mm) (µg/m)
Leaf extract
(1500 µg)
IZ MIC
(mm) (µg/ml)
Treatment
Microorganism
- 20.0 16.0 512 31.0 640 32.0 Escherichia coli
- 20.0 19.0 192 39.0 320 36.0 Staphylococcus aureus
- 16.0 21.0 256 38.0 340 35.0 Entrococcus faecalis
- 16.0 21.0 200 38.0 320 35.6 Streptococcus agalactiae
- 19.0 21.0 192 39.0 256 37.0 Erwinia carotovora
34.0 - 655 39.0 320 36.0 Staphylococcus aureus (E
38
)
29.0 - - 640 30.0 800 28.0 Candida kefyr
24.0 - - 640 28.0 800 26.5 Candida albicans
23.0 - - 800 20.0 950 19.0 Aspergillus niger
28.0 - - 800 20.0 950 12.0 Penicillum sp
- 20.0 16.0 800 21.0 950 19.0 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
IZ= Inhibition zone
MIC= Minimum inhibitory concentration
Table 2. Phytotoxic effects of Malva sylvestris leaves extracts
Mean values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level according to
the Duncan test. Hex: n-hexane extract, DCM: dichloromethane extract, Met: methanol extract
Figure 1. Cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of M. sylvestris on MacCoy cells. Each bar represents standard error of
the mean
Concentration
(mg/ml)
Germination(%)
Hex DCM Met
0 98 ± 2.3 a 92 ± 5.3 a 90± 3.8 a
0.001 96 ± 3.1 a 98 ± 3.2 a 96 ± 2.2 a
0.01 96 ± 2.2 a 96 ± 1.4 a 92 ± 3.2 a
0.1 98± 3.3 a 92 ± 1.5 a 94 ± 2.5a
1 92 ± 2.4
a 94 ± 1.8 a 90
±23.6a
Seyed Mehdi Razavi et al
Iran J Basic Med Sci, Vol. 14, No. 6, Nov-Dec 2011
578
Discussion
A literature study reported various
pharmacological properties for M. sylvestris
and other species of Malva. It is well-known
that M. sylvestris can be utilized as an anti-
inflammatory substance for the respiratory
tract, GI tract, and the skin (11). The plant can
be used topically or in a bath to treat
abscesses, bruises, burns, dermatitis,
swellings, and various ulcers (12, 13).
It is assumed that this pharmacological and
biological activity of the plant should be
attributed to presence of anthocyanidines,
naphthaquinones, flavonoides or mucilaginous
polysaccharides that are in high amounts in the
plant fruits, flowers, leaves, and roots.
A naphtaqiunone, namely, malvone A has
been reported from stems of M. sylvestris. It
was also shown that malvone A was regarded
as a phytoalexin and was induced by some
plant pathogen microorganisms (4). Therefore,
this compound could be responsible for high
antimicrobial activity of the M. sylvestris
against different plant and human pathogen
microorganisms. Therefore, the M. sylvestris
extracts could be a good candidate for making a
biopesticide. Nowadays, in spite of the successful
pest control achieved with synthetic pesticides,
the use of these chemicals has negative effects on
environments and human being. Therefore, the
use of the natural compounds for pest control
might be one of the alternatives for
environmentally friendly agriculture.
Our results revealed that M. sylvestris
possesses antibacterial effects on meticillin
resistant strain of staph. aureus (E38). At the
recent years, the development of bacterial
resistance to presently available antibiotics has
caused a serious problem for global hygienic
and health programs. This problem has
necessitated the search for new antimicrobial
agent with natural navigate.
The results herein reported, showed that M.
sylvestris extracts exhibits high cytotoxic
activity. Therefore, this plant could be
considered as an antiproliferative agent. The
plant has a rich ethnomedicinal history and has
been used since ancient Greece and Roman
times. The above ground portions of the plant
have been used in pancakes and salads, cooked
as greens and used as stuffing in some
countries. The immature fruits may be
consumed raw as a snack, as well (14).
Therefore, high consumption of the plant
leaves, flowers or fruits could be associated
with a reduced risk of cancer.
Conclusion
It was concluded that M. sylvestris indicated
considerable bioactivities. This Iranian native
plant can be used as an antiseptic agent to
eliminate antibiotic resistance microorganisms.
Acknowledgment
This work was supported by University of
Mohsghegh Ardabili. The authors would like
to thank Mrs F. Gholami for her technical
support. We are also thankful to Mrs F. Zahri
for her assistance.
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... The blooms are brilliant pink with purple lines, and the leaves are heart-shaped with 5 to 7 lobes. Malva sylvestris is a rich source of phytochemical compounds (Nehir and Karakaya, 2004;Zhen-Yu 2005;Sabir and Rocha 2008;Tabaraki et al. 2012), and it has numerous health benefits against a variety of diseases (Jan et al. 2009;Pirbalouti et al. 2009;Razavi et al. 2011;Marouane et al. 2011), including diabetes mellitus and an autoimmune disorder (Akash et al. 2012(Akash et al. , 2013. Traditionally, the plant has been used to treat various ailments, such as coughs, colds, diarrhoea, dysentery, hypertension, and skin diseases (Razavi et al. 2011). ...
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Bioactive Compounds (BACs): A Novel Approach to Treat and Prevent Cardiovascular Diseases
Article
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading disorders of serious death and cause huge economic loss to patients and society. It is estimated that about 18 million people have a high death ratio due to the incidence of CVDs such as (stroke, coronary heart disease, and non-ischemic heart failure). Bioactive compounds (BACs) are healthy nutritional ingredients providing beneficial effects and nutritional value to the human body. Epidemiological studies strongly shed light on several bioactive compounds that are favorable candidates for CVDs treatment. Globally, the high risk of CVDs and related results on human body parts made them a serious scenario in all communities. In this present review, we intend to collect previously published data concerned over the years concerning green-colored foods and their BACs that aim to work in the prevention, diagnosis, and/or systematic treating CVDs. We also comprehensively discussed the oral delivery of several bioactive compounds derived from fruits and vegetables and their bioavailability and physiological effects on human health. Moreover, their important characteristics, such as anti-inflammatory, lowering blood pressure, anti-obesity, antioxidant, anti-diabetics, lipid-lowering responses, improving atherosclerosis, and cardioprotective properties, will be elaborated further. More precisely, medicinal plants' advantages and multifaceted applications have been reported in this literature to treat CVDs. To the best of our knowledge, this is our first attempt that will open a new window in the area of CVDs with the opportunity to achieve a better prognosis and effective treatment for CVDs.
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Comparative Evaluation Between Empirical and Scientific Knowledge About the Use of Medicinal Plants and Their Compounds
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2022
Objective: to evaluate the empirical use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infections, compared to the theoretical-scientific foundations, according to the literature. Theoretical framework: medicinal plants play a very important role in human history. Through empiricism, many lives were saved and in this process Science evolved, transforming popular knowledge into scientific fact. Resistance of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to conventional drugs is a recurring problem that can be solved with the use of active principles present in vegetables that provide the same environmental pressure as microorganisms and, therefore, may be a viable option. Method: from a qualitative and quantitative approach, using the interview as a data collection method, the research approached respondents in three municipalities, present in three states (RS, SC and PR) that represent the southern region of the country. The method used is known as snowball sampling, or "snowball". The data obtained were compared with the scientific literature, in order to justify or rectify the information provided by the interviewees. Results and conclusion: the research on the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of bacterial infections resulted in a large number of species mentioned by the interviewees. These were grouped and statistically analyzed in order to understand the importance they represent for the population of the studied states. In addition, comparing the data from the interviews with the knowledge already discovered by science, it was found that popular and cultural knowledge has a scientific basis and that technology can be used in this area so that alternative treatments can be obtained in the future for the most diverse symptoms and symptoms. human health problems. The analyzes showed that the most mentioned plants throughout the study were: Boldo (Plectranthus ornatos), Plantain (Plantago major), Malva (Malva sylvestris L.) and Macela (Achyrocline satureoides). Research implications: the structure and composition of the work involve a series of issues related to the population, its values, customs and refer directly to the environmental factors that shape and support human life. The social space, in addition to being respected, must constantly evolve and add technology as a facilitator to the essence of knowledge. The expansion of the open science model is essential for these discussions to be expanded and open space for evolution. Brazil is a large country and this makes the logistics of research that cover the entire territory difficult. Thus, partnerships are needed that involve institutions from different states that can support data collection. Originality/value: this scientific production approached, in an innovative way, relevant facts that can provide a healthy discussion between scientists and the population. The article brings original data, which brings together practical and theoretical research, the universe of popular and scientific knowledge to give evidence to knowledge that is forgotten and goes unnoticed by the academic community. From this debate, there is an attempt to promote more research that adds to this publication and increasingly deepens the scientific facts about the therapeutic potential of bioactives. In addition, ancient knowledge, which has transcended generations and still saves lives, needs to be respected and improved so that scientific institutions return values to citizens, in the form of knowledge, as a way to gratify the role that each person has in managing the environment. Social.
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Characterization of cinnamon essential oil and its application in Malva sylvestris seed mucilage edible coating to the enhancement of the microbiological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of lamb meat during storage
Article
  • Apr 2022
Aims: Firstly, Cinnamomum zeylani essential oil (CZEO) was isolated and characterized. Secondly, CZEO was used in Malva sylvestris mucilage (MSM) coating and its antioxidant and antimicrobial effects on lamb meat slices were evaluated in 10 days at 4°C. Methods and results: The main chemical compounds and functional groups of the CZEO were identified and quantified by a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer and by an Fourier transform infrared spectrometer respectively. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of CZEO were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent-based and aluminium chloride methods respectively. Various microbiological, physicochemical analyses and sensory evaluations were also utilized regarding the coated lamb meat slices. CZEO contains benzyl benzoate (40.93%), caryophyllene oxide (26.07%) and (E)-cinnamaldehyde (13.01%), with strong radical scavenging activity and antibacterial effect against investigated pathogenic microorganisms. The CZEO-loaded MSM edible coating greatly postponed the growth of microorganisms and extended the product life (>10 days). The pH value, moisture content and hardness of the samples were also preserved more efficiently when high concentrations of the essential oil were incorporated into the edible coating (p < 0.05). The CZEO-rich MSM coating was also able to possess considerable activity against lipid oxidation in lamb meat samples, and significantly decreased the production of primary and secondary oxidation products (p < 0.05). Moreover, sensory parameters of the samples were preserved more efficiently during cold storage when the CZEO-enriched edible coating, particularly MSM + 2% CZEO was used. Conclusions: The use of edible coating based on MSM and CZEO is therefore effective in reducing microbial growth and chemical reactions in lamb meat during the storage period. Significance and impact of the study: The importance of the results of this study is in order to increase the use of natural preservatives, maintain food safety and of course the health of the people in the community.
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Medicinal plants in the Balkans with antimicrobial properties
Chapter
  • Apr 2022
The Balkans represents a hotspot of biodiversity and traditional ecological knowledge in Europe. Medicinal plants are integral to household health, including many uses in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we provide a summary of ethnobotanical applications of local plants in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the skin, respiratory tract, urinary tract, and more. We further highlight 22 of these species for their potent antimicrobial activity reported in the literature against various infectious pathogens.
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Screening of biological activity of Zosima absinthifolia fruits extracts
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2009
Zosima absinthifolia is a perennial herb which is distributed from Turkey to East Asia and Iran. It's fruits are used as a food spice in Iran and Turkey. In this work, we will study some biological activities of the fruits of the plant. The MTT assay indicated that methanol extract of the plant exhibited significant cytotoxic effects. In the DPPH assay, the extract showed high antioxidant potential with an RC50 value of 143.5 μg mL-1. In the disc diffusion assay, the methanol extract was found to have a significant antibacterial effects against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts displayed phytotoxic properties in the lettuce assay.
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Evaluation of Burn Healing Properties of Arnebia euchroma and Malva sylvestris
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2009
Arnebia euchroma Rolye (Johnst) (Boraginaceae) and Malva sylvestris L. (Malvaceae) are traditionally used to treat various skin disorders, and for antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The goat lipid containing roots of Arnebia euchroma is widely used as a remedy for burn wounds in nomadic tribal (Bakhtyari) southwest Iran. We examined the effectiveness of diethyl ether extracts of Arnebia euchroma roots and Malva sylvestris flowers at 200 mg/kg/day dose. Burns were induced in Wistar rats divided into six groups as following; Group-I was treated with cold cream. Groups-II and -III were treated with cold cream containing of two extracts, Group-IV was treated with goat lipid containing of Arnebia euchroma extract (according ethnobotany survey). Group-V was treated with goat lipid. Group-VI received the standard drug (silver sulphadiazine cream). The efficacy of treatment was evaluated based on reduction of burn wound area and histopathological characteristics. The extracts-treated animals showed significant reduction (P < 0.05) in the wound area when compared with other groups. Also, histological studies of the tissue obtained on days 6, 9 and 16 from the extract-treated by goat lipid containing of Arnebia euchroma and Malva sylvestris showed increased well organized bands of collagen, more fibroblasts, and few inflammatory cells. So we concluded that Arnebia euchroma and Malva sylvestris in the form of ointment had a good potential for acceleration of burn wound healing in rats.
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The Use of Wild Edible Plants in Western and Central Anatolia (Turkey)
Article
Full-text available
In this study, 121 wild edible plants used as food in Anatolia were surveyed to determine the plant parts used and their detailed preparation methods. The results of this study show that the plants may be boiled, fried in fat, and eaten raw or as rolled vegetables. They may also be consumed as pickles, fruits, sweets and spices, and drunk as cold and hot drinks. Thirty species (8 genera) were identified as belonging to the Lamiaceae family, 15 species (15 genera) belong to the Asteraceae family, 13 species (5 genera) belong to the Rosaceae family, 8 species (7 genera) belong to the Brassicaceae family, 6 species (3 genera) belong to the Orchidaceae family and 5 species (5 genera) belong to the Apiaceae family. The genera represented by the highest number of species in the study are as follows: Sideritis L. is represented by 13 species, Origanum L. by 7 species, Rubus L. by 5 species, Thymus L. by 4 species and Rumex L. by 4 species.
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Chemical composition, allelopatic and cytotoxic effects of essential oils of flowering tops and leaves of Crambe orientalis L. from Iran
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2009
Crambe orientalis L. (Brassicaceae), a perennial herb, is indigenous to Iran. The essential oils of flowering tops and leaves of the plant were evaluated by GC-MS. Our results showed that while 2-methyl-5-hexenitrile (19.5%) and benzyl cyanide (16.9%) were the major components of flowering tops oil, the oil of the leaves was dominated by octyl-acetate (54.3%) and butenyl-4-isothiocyanates (22.6%). The oils exhibited modest allelopatic effects on lettuce. The leaf oil showed high-cytotoxic effects against Mc-Coy cell lines, with an RC(50) value of 16 microg mL(-1).
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Impact of anthocyanin from Malva sylvestris on plasma lipids and free radical
Article
  • Sep 2005
The effects of anthocyanin fromMalva sylvestris on plasma lipids and free radical were investigated by Reagent Kit method and in vitro assay. High fat model was set up with albino rats that were fed with different dosages of anthocyanin fromMalva sylvestris (0.03 g·d−1, 0.04 g·d−1 and 0.05 g·d−1). The results showed that the total cholesterol was decreased by 19.7% at an anthocyanin of 0.04 g·d−1 and triglyceride was decreased by 34.4% at an anthocyanin of 0.05 g·d−1. In vitro assay, some indexes of anthocyanin were measured including the capability of scavenging free radical, reducing force and the capability of anti-lipid peroxidation by orthophenanthroline Fe+2 oxidation-reduction method. The results indicated that the clearance rate of free radical reached to 43.46% when the content of anthocyanin was 0.20 mg·mL−1 and the inhibition ratio of lipid peroxidation reached 18.82% when the content was 0.5 mg·mL−1. Therefore anthocyanin is a kind of natural and effective free radical remover and antioxidant and can prevent from the formation of the thrombus and reduced the emergence of the cardiovascular disease.
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Bioactivity of Aviprin and viprin-3"-O-Glucoside, Two Linear Furanocoumarins from Apiaceae
Article
Furanocoumarins are well-known natural products that occur in the most evolved genera of Apiaceae family. This compounds were found to have cytotoxic, phytotoxic, photosensitizing, insecticidal, antibacterial and high anti-fungal effects. Aviprin is considered as a linear furanocoumarin substituted at C8 with an oxygenated prenyl residue. In this study we found that aviprin is a bioactive compound that exhibits high antibacterial, antifungal and phytotoxic activity. The compound stunted the germination of lettuce seeds with IC50 value of 0.270 mg/mL. The compound also inhibited the mycelia growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Aviprin indicated antibacterial activity against tested gram negative and positive bacteria with inhibition zone of 19-23.5 mm. Our results shown that aviprin can play an allelopatic role for plant.
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Bioscreening of Oxypeucedanin, a Known Furanocoumarin
Article
Objective(s)As an important class of natural products, coumarins exhibit many biological activities and the diversity of their bioactivity is so huge that the pharmacological promiscuity has been applied on their case. Oxypeucedanine also named as prangolarin is a linear furanocoumarin with an oxygenated prenylated substitution at C-5 of the nucleus. To our knowledge, there are few reports on pharmacological and biological activities of this compound. In the present work, we focused on some bioactive aspects of it.Materials and MethodsIn the present work, the compound was purified from Prangos uloptera using TLC and its phytotoxic, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects were evaluated by Lettuce assay, disc diffusion method, mycelia radial growth, DPPH and MTT assays, respectively.Results Our results revealed that oxypeucedanin exhibit considerable phytotoxic activity and might play an allelopathic role for plants. The compound indicated high cytotoxic activity with IC50 value of 314 µg/ml. No antipathogenic and antioxidant activity were found for oxypeucedanin in this study. ConclusionWe conclude that oxypeucedanin (found in some vegetables) can be considered as an antiproliferative agent. Keywords: Allelopathy, Antiproliferative agent, Cytotoxic activity, Oxypeucedanin, Phytotoxic activity, Prangos uloptera
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Biological activity of Prangos uloptera DC. roots, a medicinal plant from Iran
Article
  • Aug 2009
Prangos uloptera DC. (Apiaceae) is indigenous to Iran. It has been used from ancient times for treatment of leukoplakia, digestive disorders and healing scars. In this article, we focus on the various biological screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the biological effects of the plant root extracts. Our results show that dichloromethane (DCM) extract exhibited high-cytotoxic effects on hela cell line, and high antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. All of the plant root extracts, n-hexane, DCM and methanol extracts, exhibited modest antioxidant and high-phytotoxic properties. It is assumed that the high biological potential of P. uloptera is related to the presence of coumarins in the plant roots.
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