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Mollusks inhabiting the marine angiosperm Ruppia maritima L. in three Cuban lagoon systems

Authors:
  • Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros
  • Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CEMIE-Océano; IINGEN)

Abstract

We present the inventory list and the relative abundance data of mollusks inhabiting the marine angiosperm Ruppia maritima from three Cuban wetlands. Surveys were conducted in Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas), Cayo Carahatas (Villa Clara) and Santa Lucía (Camagüey) during March, April and July 2010. In each locality, six 250 cm 2 -quadrants were randomly selected. In each quadrant plants were collected with the superficial sediment layer (10 cm depth). 14 species of mollusks were identified, the most abundant being Cerithidea costata, Tellina laevigata and Anomalocardia brasiliana. C. costata and A. brasiliana are new records for the southwestern and Acteocina canaliculata for the northcentral marine platforms in Cuba.
Mesoamericana 16 (1) Agosto de 2012
63
nota CientíFiCa
MolUsCos asoCiados a la anGiosPerMa Marina
r
UPPia
MaritiMa
l. en tres sisteMas
laGUnares CUbanos
MollUsks inhabitinG the Marine anGiosPerM
r
UPPia
MaritiMa
l. in three CUban
laGoon systeMs
Yunier Olivera Espinosa* y Mayrene Guimarais Bermejo
Centro de Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros (CIEC), Cayo Coco, Ciego de Ávila. 69400 Cuba.
*Autor de correspondencia: yunier@ciec.ca.inf.cu
Fecha de recepción: 12 de enero de 2012 - Fecha de aceptado: 1 de marzo de 2012
Resumen. Se presenta la lista de especies y datos de abundancia de los moluscos asociados a la fanerógama marina Ruppia
maritima observados en tres áreas de humedales de Cuba. El muestreo se realizó en los meses de marzo, abril y julio
de 2010, en Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas), Cayo Carahatas (Villa Clara) y Santa Lucía (Camagüey). Se emplearon seis
cuadrantes de 250 cm2 por cada localidad, distribuidos de manera aleatoria. En cada cuadrante se recolectó la planta con
la capa supercial del sedimento (hasta 10 cm de profundidad). Se identicaron 14 especies de moluscos, de los cuales
las especies más abundantes fueron Cerithidea costata, Tellina laevigata y Anomalocardia brasiliana. Las especies C. costata y A.
brasiliana constituyen nuevos registros para la plataforma suroccidental y Acteocina canaliculata para la plataforma norte-
central (archipiélago de Sabana-Camagüey) de Cuba.
PAlAbRAs clAve: fauna asociada, moluscos, Ruppia maritima, Cuba.
AbstRAct. We present the inventory list and the relative abundance data of mollusks inhabiting the marine angiosperm
Ruppia maritima from three Cuban wetlands. Surveys were conducted in Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas), Cayo Carahatas
(Villa Clara) and Santa Lucía (Camagüey) during March, April and July 2010. In each locality, six 250 cm2-quadrants were
randomly selected. In each quadrant plants were collected with the supercial sediment layer (10 cm depth). 14 species of
mollusks were identied, the most abundant being Cerithidea costata, Tellina laevigata and Anomalocardia brasiliana. C. costata
and A. brasiliana are new records for the southwestern and Acteocina canaliculata for the northcentral marine platforms in
Cuba.
Key woRds: associated fauna, marine mollusks, Ruppia maritima, Cuba.
introdUCCión
El género Ruppia (familia Ruppiaceae) posee alrededor de
siete especies sumergidas que habitan en aguas costeras
e interiores (Mabberley, 1993). Se caracterizan por ser
eurihalinas, poseer un amplio rango de tolerancia a la
desecación y otros factores de estrés. Además, constituye
la principal fuente de producción primaria en muchas
lagunas subtropicales (Edwards, 1978; Paton, 1982). Un
aspecto de su ecología que ha centrado la atención de
numerosas investigaciones es la relación planta-animal
(Kantrud, 1991; Paton, 2002; Parada y Guimarais, 2009).
Dentro de sus principales contribuciones a la fauna
asociada está el papel como refugio y fuente de alimento.
Es signicativa la enorme abundancia y diversidad de
invertebrados con la que coexiste. En este sentido, se
considera que en Europa occidental, en comunidades
dominadas por Ruppia, se han contado alrededor de
43,800 individuos m2, con una biomasa de peso seco por
encima de 22.9 g/m2 (Verhoeven, 1980). Organismos
ciliados y grupos taxonómicos como nematodos, anélidos,
ostrácodos, copépodos (Kantrud, 1991) y anfípodos
(Nixon y Oviatt, 1973) han sido registrados en los
Mesoamericana 16 (1) Agosto de 2012
64
sedimentos suaves y ricos en materia orgánica, donde estas
plantas crecen.
Por otro lado, existen referencias acerca de su importante
papel como fuente de alimento para varias especies de
moluscos, como un gasterópodo del género Cerithidea en
una laguna mexicana (Edwards, 1978), y el género Callinectes
en un estuario de Carolina del Norte (Copeland et al., 1974)
y en el sur de Florida (Zieman, 1982). Lo anterior, está
relacionado con su carácter euritópico y su alto potencial
reproductivo, por lo que la convierten en una especie ideal
para los programas de restauración que se llevan a cabo en
humedales afectados por la actividad humana (Guimarais
y González, 2009).
Ruppia maritima L., es la única especie representante
de este género en Cuba y su distribución abarca desde la
región occidental hasta la provincia de Las Tunas en la
región oriental (Guimarais et al., 2011). Las investigaciones
sobre esta especie han abordado estudios sobre taxonomía,
distribución geográca, morfometría y productividad
primaria en sistemas lagunares. Sin embargo, el tema de
la fauna asociada solo ha sido documentado de manera
ocasional, a pesar de la importancia que reviste. Este
estudio forma parte del proyecto “Plasticidad y variación
fenotípica y genotípica de Ruppia maritima en Cuba”
(proyecto PT08CG01316), que lleva a cabo el Centro de
Investigaciones de Ecosistemas Costeros de Cayo Coco, el
que permitió visitar tres áreas de humedales, dos de ellas
con categorías de protección, Refugio de Fauna (Cayo
Carahatas) y Reserva de la Biosfera, Sitio Ramsar y Parque
Nacional (Ciénaga de Zapata) y la otra no protegida y con
alteraciones por la actividad antrópica.
Materiales y Métodos
El muestreo se realizó en marzo, abril y julio de 2010, en las
localidades Ciénaga de Zapata (Matanzas), Cayo Carahatas
(Villa Clara) y Santa Lucía (norte de Camagüey) (Tabla
1). Las dos primeras forman parte del Sistema Nacional
de Áreas Protegidas (SNAP) y el sitio escogido en Santa
Lucía fue una laguna afectada directa e indirectamente
por la extracción de sal. Como unidad de muestreo se usó
un marco cuadrado de 50 cm de lado, que fue ubicado
al azar hasta completar seis unidades por localidad. En
cada cuadrante se recolectó la planta con una espátula y el
sedimento hasta 10 cm de profundidad. Posteriormente,
se procedió a separar las plantas del sedimento y se
identicaron y contaron los moluscos asociados a estas.
La identicación de los moluscos se realizó siguiendo los
criterios de Abbott (1974) y Warmke y Abbott (1975).
resUltados y disCUsión
La fauna de moluscos estuvo representada por 14 especies,
pertenecientes a 12 géneros e igual número de familias
(Tabla 2). A partir de los criterios de Espinosa (2007), las
especies Cerithidea costata (da Costa, 1778) y Anomalocardia
brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) constituyen nuevos registros para
la plataforma suroccidental y Acteocina canaliculata (Say,
1826) lo es para la plataforma norte-central (archipiélago
de Sábana-Camagüey). Las especies más abundantes fueron
C. costata, Tellina laevigata Linnaeus, 1758, A. brasiliana,
Batillaria minima (Gmelin, 1791) y Cerithium lutosum Menke,
1828, en ese orden (Tabla 2).
A pesar de que las especies identicadas son típicas de
aguas someras y sistemas lagunares costeros dominados
por macrótas, se encontró mayor diversidad y abundancia
en Santa Lucía. Esto puede ser explicado por la hipótesis
de la perturbación intermedia (Connell, 1978), que
propone que la diversidad más elevada es mantenida por
los niveles intermedios de perturbación. En esta localidad
es probable que los efectos indirectos de la extracción de
sal (e.g. resuspensión de los sedimentos, redisposición de
materia orgánica, pérdida de la transparencia del agua) y las
Tabla 1. Ubicación geográca de las localidades de estudio y fecha de muestreo.
loCalidad ProvinCia Coordenadas FeCha de estUdio
Ciénaga de Zapata Matanzas 22°10'25.40" N - 81°15'22.90" W Marzo, 2010
Cayo Carahatas Villa Clara 22°58'25.40" N - 80°17'49.70" W Julio, 2010
Santa Lucía Camagüey 21°32'24.54" N - 77°01'48,79" W Abril, 2010
Mesoamericana 16 (1) Agosto de 2012
65
Tabla 2. Lista de especies de moluscos asociados a Ruppia maritima y número de individuos por localidad.
esPeCie
loCalidades
CiénaGa de
zaPata
Cayo
Carahatas santa lUCía
Clase Gastropoda
Subclase Prosobranchia
Orden Sorbeoconcha
Familia Cerithiidae
Cerithium lutosum Menke, 1828 63
Cerithium muscarum Say, 1832 46 3
Familia Batillariidae
Batillaria minima (Gmelin, 1791) 72
Familia Modulidae
Modulus modulus (Linné, 1758) 8
Familia Potamididae
Cerithidea costata (da Costa, 1778)* 14 201
Orden Neogastropoda
Familia Marginellidae
Prunum apicinum (Menke, 1828) 1
Orden Littorinimorpha
Familia Elachisinidae
Elachisina oridana (Rehder, 1943) 8 3
Subclase Opistobranchia
Orden Cephalaspidea
Familia Haminoeoidae
Haminoea antillarum (d’Orbigny, 1842) 8
Haminoea elegans (Gray, 1825) 7
Familia Bullidae
Bulla striata Bruguière, 1792 22 8
Familia Cylichnidae
Acteocina canaliculata (Say, 1826)** 4
Clase Bivalvia
Orden Mytiloida
Familia Mytilidae
Mesoamericana 16 (1) Agosto de 2012
66
Brachidontes modiolus (Linné, 1767) 1 14 4
Orden Ostreoida
Familia Tellinidae
Tellina laevigata Linné, 1758 3 12 118
Familia Veneridae
Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791)* 9 6 105
*Nuevo registro para la plataforma noroccidental.
**Nuevo registro para la plataforma norte-central.
variaciones estacionales de la salinidad (con oscilaciones
entre 37.4 ups y 57.4 en 2009 y 2010), provoquen
alteraciones de mediana magnitud. La frecuencia de estas
perturbaciones podría ser suciente como para que la
comunidad no permanezca en sus primeros estadios
de sucesión y tampoco llegue al clímax, permitiendo la
coexistencia de numerosas especies y altos valores de
abundancia de forma relativamente estable. Sin embargo,
la validación de estas interpretaciones teóricas requiere de
estudios experimentales, para discernir entre los factores
clave que determinan la estructura de estas comunidades.
literatUra Citada
Abbott, R. T. 1974. American Seashells. Nostrad Reinold,
Nueva York, USA. 541 p.
Connell, J. H. 1978. Diversity in tropical rainforests and
coral reefs. Science 199: 1302-1310.
Copeland, B. J., K. R. Tenore y D. B. Horton. 1974.
Oligohaline regime. En: Odum, H. T. y B. J. Davidson
(comps.). Coastal ecosystems of the United States II.
Conservation Foundation, Washington, D. C., USA. pp.
315-357.
Edwards, R. R. C. 1978. Ecology of a coastal lagoon
complex in Mexico. Estuarine Coastal Mar. Sci. 6: 75-
92.
Espinosa, J. 2007. Moluscos -Filo MOLLUSCA. Lista de
especies registradas para Cuba. En: Claro, R. (comp.).
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Guimarais, M. y R. González. 2009. Aspectos ecológicos
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Guimarais, M., A. Zúñiga y Y. Rodríguez-Cueto. 2011.
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considerations on dispersal means of a newly reported
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Verhoeven, J. T. A. 1980. The ecology of Ruppia-dominated
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Warmke, G. L. y R. T. Abbott. 1975. Caribbean Seashells.
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