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Martínez Mauri, Mònica (2011) Kuna Yala, tierra de mar. Ecología y territorio indígena en Panamá. SENACYT, Panamá - Editorial Abya Yala, Quito-Ecuador.
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Cet article a pour objectif d’analyser les causes et les effets du projet PEMASKY (Plan d’Étude et Gestion des Zones Sylvestres de Kuna Yala) créé en 1983 par les Indiens kunas du Panamá. Débouchant sur la création d’une réserve forestière, le PEMASKY a constitué un bouclier de défense territorial face à l’avancée de populations non indigènes mais en même temps il contribua à modifier le contenu des demandes politiques kunas. Pour s’associer aux agences internationales, les kunas se sont érigés en « protecteurs de la nature » et ont construit un discours où la nature s’affiche comme une réalité objectivable susceptible de protection.
Ethnobiology includes the study of how populations perceive and classify organisms. This study focuses on the utilization and classification of fishes by fishermen from the Tocantins river. The study area is located between the cities of Imperatriz and Estreito (Maranhão and Tocantins States). Interviews with fishermen and collection of fish species were performed from October 1987 to June 1988. The criteria used by fishermen to classify fish species are mainly morphological, such as related to body shape and coloration. Fish habitat is also an information used in folk classification. Terrestrial plants and animals are a reference for some fish names. Fishermen showed a deeper knowledge and detailed classification of species of fish used for food, sale, or medicine. Folk classification represents the knowledge a population has on its environment, and it is more detailed on species which are part of its realized niche as indicated by this study.
Nouvelles Etudes Anthropologiques