Conference Paper

Cost-effective bioethanol production at low content of nitrogen source from carob syrup

September 2011

Conference: 11th International Chemical and Biological Engineering Conference (Chempor 2011)

Authors:

Sara Raposo

Universidade do Algarve

Brígida Rodrigues

Universidade do Algarve

Catarina Tavares

Universidade Aberta

Show all 6 authorsHide

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.

Article

Full-text available

Development of a quick on‐farm test to determine nitrate levels in soil

August 2005 · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science

Urs Schmidhalter

Crop management can be optimized and nitrogen (N) losses can be reduced with a better knowledge of soil-nitrogen availability, especially if this information becomes directly available on-site in a fast and cost-effective way. In this paper, simple on-farm methods to determine nitrate-N in field-moist soil samples immediately after sampling are described. The procedures include volumetric soil ... [Show full abstract] sampling, extraction based on manual shaking with tap water as universally available extractant, filtering soil/extractant mixtures on-site, on-site determination of the soil water content, and reflectometric nitrate measurements based on test strips. Using correction factors can compensate the impact of the temperature during the final nitrate measurement. An excellent agreement was found between the developed quick-test procedures and the standard laboratory procedure. The proposed quick-test has great potential to enable economical savings for farmers as well as benefiting the environment.

View full-text

Article

Cost effectiveness of emissions abatement options in European refineries

September 2011

The cost-effectiveness of options for emission reduction in European refineries associated with Best Available Techniques (BAT) is studied, including how Associated Emission Level (AEL) ranges might be derived using a shadow price. The methodology is consistent with the Reference Guide on Economics and Cross-Media Effects and closely parallels the technical process underpinning the choice of ... [Show full abstract] National Emission Ceilings. The focus is on NOx and SO2 emissions abatement from major refinery sources. Cost information was gathered in 2010 for some emissions abatement techniques that can be considered as candidate BAT in the refinery BREF. The distribution of the incremental marginal costs of different technology applications across the refinery pool has been estimated. The derived AEL ranges illustrate the possible outcome of the application of this methodology. Cost-effectiveness in specific cases has to be assessed in detail. A broad perspective on cost-effective BAT AEL ranges are drawn for the refinery sector.

Article

Modeling Cost-Effectiveness of Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Abatement Programs on Two Florida Bas...

February 1987 · JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association

A model was developed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of alternative “best management practice” (BMP) implementation schemes on two agricultural basins in Florida. The model selectively applies BMPs throughout the basin on a field by field basis, estimates the associated costs, and predicts the relative water quality improvement (reductions in nitrogen and phosphorus). The water quality model ... [Show full abstract] links field scale simulation (for detailed BMP evaluation) with basin delivery and attenuation functions to predict the basin-wide effects of any combination of BMPs. Fifteen BMP scenarios were evaluated to aid in prioritizing BMPs for implementation in these basins. Applying the maximum level of BMPs is estimated to cost around $1.2 million (annually), while the four most cost-effective BMPs would cost only one quarter as much, yet are projected to provide approximately 90 percent of the water quality improvement.

Article

Full scale experiences with deammonification of sludge liquer at Wastewater Treatment Plant Hattinge...

February 2005

A full scale application of the deammonification process for slugde liquor treatment was realised within a KALDNES® moving bed process at WWTP Hattingen. The objected direct conversion of ammonia to nitrogen gas by using nitrite as an electron acceptor for anoxic ammonia oxidation was reached after a rearrangement of the stirring facilities. Because of the low energy consumption and no need of ... [Show full abstract] external carbon source the applied process presents a cost effective way to reduce the nitrogen load to the wastewater treatment plant. With an optimisation of the nitritation stage depending on varying temperatures a stable elimination of 70-80 % could be reached with the design load of 120 kg/d.

Article

N2-based atmospheres for sintering carbon steel components

February 1999

D. Garg

To help parts makers cost-effectively increase product quality and consistency, Air Products and Chemicals Inc (Allentown, PA, USA) has made a comprehensive study of nitrogen-based atmospheres for sintering carbon steel components. D. Garg, K.R. Berger, J.G. Marsden, and G. Plicht compare and contrast their findings on the properties of components sintered in endothermic and nitrogen diluted ... [Show full abstract] endothermic atmospheres.

Chapter

Full-text available

The Environmental Impact of Fertiliser Nutrients on Freshwater

January 2016

Fertilisers drive the productive potential of land, but inefficient use can cause issues such as the impairment of freshwater quality. This chapter outlines our current understanding of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiency by crops, factors involved in the loss of N and P from land and the likely impact on freshwaters (surface and ground). This understanding is then combined with ... [Show full abstract] knowledge on the range and cost-effectiveness of strategies to mitigate losses and the associated implementation pathways (e.g. voluntary or regulatory instruments) to meet a water quality target. We end with some thoughts on where additional research is best focused to reduce the environmental impact of fertilisers on freshwater.

View full-text

Article

Full-text available

Swedish nutrient reduction policies: An evaluation of cost-effectiveness

March 2012 · Regional Environmental Change

Katarina Elofsson

Since more than 30 years, the Swedish government as well as other governments in the drainage basin strives toward a reduction in nutrient loads to Baltic Sea coastal waters in order to combat eutrophication of the sea. In spite of this, the cost-effectiveness of actual environmental policy for meeting Baltic Sea nutrient targets has not been evaluated by national or international bodies in the ... [Show full abstract] region. The aim of this paper is to evaluate Swedish national nitrogen and phosphorus policies with regard to cost-effectiveness. This is done through a comparison of nutrient measures implemented through environmental policy decisions 1995–2005 with cost-effective policies for present national as well as Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets. The cost-effective measures are calculated using an empirical programming model including all countries adjacent to the Baltic Sea. Calculations show that measures that jointly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus are hardly applied in actual policy and that reductions in the agricultural sector are much smaller than is cost-effective. Data show, surprisingly, that considerable reductions have been carried out in the Bothnian Sea catchment in spite of there being no nutrient reduction target for this catchment. Results suggest also that the Swedish costs for meeting the new and geographically more restricted targets under the BSAP can be reduced if a policy with less restrictions on the location of phosphorus abatement is applied, compared to what is now suggested.

View full-text

Article

Green and mild protocol for hetero-Michael addition of sulfur and nitrogen nucleophiles in ionic liq...

November 2007 · Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical

2-Hydroxyethylammonium formate was used as cost-effective ionic liquid to develop a mild and environmentally friendly hetero-Michael reaction. The ionic liquid works both as reaction medium as well as catalyst and can be recycled efficiently without significant loss in activity. The reaction is applicable to various aromatic sulfur nucleophiles, secondary nitrogen nucleophiles and different ... [Show full abstract] activated olefins.Graphical abstractComparatively novel and cost-effective ethanolamine based ionic liquid was utilized as alternative reaction medium as well as catalyst for synthetically important hetero-Michael reaction. The ionic liquid was compatible with various aromatic sulfur nucleophiles, secondary nitrogen nucleophiles and activated olefins. Rate of reaction was increased significantly and the results obtained are comparable or better to the reported methods.

Article

An optimum medium designed and verified for alcohol vinegar fermentation

August 2011 · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

In this article, a novel formula of nutrient salt for alcohol vinegar production was derived based on mass conservation theory of carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic ions. Series of semi-continuous fermentations were successfully carried out in a Frings 10 L fermentation tank. The average acetification rate of semi-continuous fermentation was 2 g acetic acid/L*h within about 12 h, ... [Show full abstract] average stoichiometric yield was 94%, and then fed-batch trial for high concentration vinegar fermentation was successfully conducted. Both of these confirmed that this method applied was cost-effective. If this method is adopted in industry scale, vinegar manufacturers will reduce production cost significantly.

Article

A Further Decrease in the Catalyst Loading for the Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Intramolecular Arylati...

April 2015 · Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis

The direct arylation of N-substituted o-bromobenzanilides and benzenesulfonamides via CH bond functionalization has been developed using very low catalyst loadings. This novel cost-effective and more sustainable method relies on a PCN-type palladium pincer complex as a highly active palladium source, providing a general and efficient access to phenanthridinones, biaryl sultams and related ... [Show full abstract] heterocyclic systems. The beneficial effect of water as cosolvent has been observed in this process, which is not seriously influenced by electronic effects at the arene moieties or sterically demanding substituents at the amide or sulfonamide nitrogen. In addition, a number of experiments (kinetic plot, poisoning assays, TEM, ESI) have been performed in order to understand the role of the employed palladium complex in this reaction.

Article

The Environmental Impact of Fertiliser Nutrients on Freshwater

January 2017

Fertilisers drive the productive potential of land, but inefficient use can cause issues such as the impairment of freshwater quality. This chapter outlines our current understanding of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) use efficiency by crops, factors involved in the loss of N and P from land and the likely impact on freshwaters (surface and ground). This understanding is then combined with ... [Show full abstract] knowledge on the range and cost-effectiveness of strategies to mitigate losses and the associated implementation pathways (e.g. voluntary or regulatory instruments) to meet a water quality target. We end with some thoughts on where additional research is best focused to reduce the environmental impact of fertilisers on freshwater.

Article

Full-text available

Cost-effective production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis

January 2013 · Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment

This study investigated the effects of ammonium nitrate (AN) and agricultural N:P:K (10:10:40) fertilizer (AF) on the growth and pigment composition of Arthrospira platensis Geitler. In the first experiment, the maximum cellular concentration was observed in group AN2, and differed significantly from the control group (p<0.05). The ammonium nitrate concentrations of groups AN1-3 promoted growth. ... [Show full abstract] The concentrations of ammonium nitrate in groups AN4-6 inhibited the growth, and these trials had to be ended at day 6. However, no significant differences were found between the group AN2 and the control in terms of the specific growth rate, or chlorophyll a content. In the second experiment, agricultural fertilizer was used as N:P:K source. Among the experimental groups, the highest cell concentration and yield of biomass on nitrogen were determined in group AF3 (p<0.05). There were no significant differences between group AF3 and control in terms of the specific growth rate and chlorophyll a content (p>0.05). Consequently, the results demonstrate that ammonium nitrate or agricultural fertilizer can be used to culture A. platensis and to reduce the cost of producing biocompounds.

View full-text

Cost-effective bioethanol production at low content of nitrogen source from carob syrup

No full-text available

Recommended publications

Development of a quick on‐farm test to determine nitrate levels in soil

Cost effectiveness of emissions abatement options in European refineries

Modeling Cost-Effectiveness of Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Abatement Programs on Two Florida Bas...

Full scale experiences with deammonification of sludge liquer at Wastewater Treatment Plant Hattinge...

N2-based atmospheres for sintering carbon steel components

The Environmental Impact of Fertiliser Nutrients on Freshwater

Swedish nutrient reduction policies: An evaluation of cost-effectiveness

Green and mild protocol for hetero-Michael addition of sulfur and nitrogen nucleophiles in ionic liq...

An optimum medium designed and verified for alcohol vinegar fermentation

A Further Decrease in the Catalyst Loading for the Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Intramolecular Arylati...

The Environmental Impact of Fertiliser Nutrients on Freshwater

Cost-effective production of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis