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Studies on the antidandruff activity of the essential oil of coleus amboinicus and eucalyptus globulus (Elsevier)
Abstract and Figures
Objective: To determine the effect of the essential oil of Coleus amboinicus and Eucalyptus
globules as potential antidandruff agent. Methods: Fresh leaves of Coleus amboinicus and
Eucalyptus globules were collected from the Horticultural Research Station, Yercaud, Salem,
Tamil Nadu, India. The collected leaves were washed thoroughly and shade dried for 7-10
days. The essential oils from both the dried plant leaves were obtained by hydro distillation
procedure. The chemical compositions of hydro distilled essential oils were analyzed by Gas
Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The pure essential oils and the essential oils
diluted with coconut oil of the two plants were used to check antidandruff activity against the
dandruff causing fungus Malassezia furfur by agar well diffusion assay. Results: The average
yield of essential oil from Coleus amboinicus (0.89%) and Eucalyptus globules (0.77%). The results
of GC-MS revealed that the presence of eight compounds from Coleus amboinicus essential oil
and five constituents from Eucalyptus globules representing 90.45% and 96.32% of the total oil
respectively. The major component was identified as Thymol (phenolic rich compocnd) (41.3%)
in Coleus amboinicus and in Eucalyptus globules the major constituents was 1-8, Cineol (91.61%).
In the antidandruff activity the broad range of inhibitory zone was observed in Eucalyptus
globules (37mm) oil compare to Coleus amboinicus (31mm). Ketaconazole based shampoo used as a
standard. Conclusion: This study would direct to the establishment of a natural compound from
Coleus amboinicus and Eucalyptus globules as an antidandruff agent which can be used for the
production of potential antifungal drug and novel pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical leads.
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... P. amboinicus and O. sanctum comprise some main phytochemical constituents such as α-Cubebene, α-Copaene, alpha-Humulene, Beta-caryophyllene, Carvacrol, Eugenol, Para-cymene, Limonene, Apigenin, Rosmarinic acid, Ursolic acid, Oleanolic acid, Luteolin, Beta-sitosterol, etc., 17,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] . As per the literature study, these are typically the components of major interest with bioactive properties that are well established. ...
Background: The infectious disease, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), is hardly showing signs of waning as it is still ongoing as a pandemic. Objective: To figure out potential leads from Ocimum sanctum and Plectranthus amboinicus's phytoconstituents against SARS-CoV-2. Methodology: Selected phytoconstituents of O. sanctum and P. amboinicus were targeted on the PDB protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 like 6W02, 4M0W, and 7T9L and were subjected to docking simulations using Pymol and the Autodock Vina tool of version 1.5.6. Hydrogen bond interactions and the amino acid residues of the targeted protein sequences were analyzed. ADME and drug-likeness predictions of the best dock-scored phytochemicals were further screened using the online tool molinspiration. Result: Out of 14 phytochemicals, only 9 had significant interactive profiles, of which Carvacrol, Eugenol, Apigenin, Luteolin, and Rosmarinic acid could potentially inhibit the targets of coronavirus. Only these five chemicals obey the ADME limitations and drug-likeness LogP values. Apigenin and Rosmarinic acid had better interactions at the active site of all three protein targets. Conclusion: The phytoconstituents from O. sanctum and P. amboinicus are substantiated as potential leads for drug discovery against COVID-19 through an in-silico approach. Further lead optimization for drug discovery with these phytoconstituents of the aforementioned plant resources is necessary.
... Le rendement (R%)exprimé en pourcentage, et il est donné par la formule suivante [17]. ...
Description du sujet : La plante médicinale Lavandula officinilis est intéressante de connaitre sa vertu thérapeutique, afin de remplacer les produits synthétiques par des molécules bioactives qui sont à base de plantes. Objectifs : L'objectif de cette étude est l'isolement et l'identification des champignons endophytes plus l'extraction de l'huile essentielle de la plante médicinale L. officinilis, collectée de la région de Constantine (Algérie). Puis d'évaluer et comparer l'activité antibactérienne et antifongique de ces champignons et l'huile essentielle contre trois bactéries pathogènes : deux à Gram positif ; Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, et une à Gram négatif ; Pseudomonas fluorescence, ainsi que le champignon pathogène Fusarium oxysporum. Méthodes : L'extraction de l'huile essentielle a été effectuée par hydro distillation. La méthode de diffusion sur milieu gélosé et la méthode de la double culture ont permis de mettre en évidence le pouvoir antibactérien et antifongique, respectivement, de l'huile essentielle et des champignons endophytes, vis-à-vis les souches bactériennes testées par déterminer les diamètres des zones d'inhibition. Résultats : Le pourcentage de colonisation était 40,55%. La purification et l'étude microscopique des souches isolées ont donné la possibilité d'identifier 5 genres de moisissures à savoir Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Aspergillus ainsi qu'un Mycélium stérile. L'extraction de l'huile essentielle de la plante a été réalisée par hydro distillation, où le rendement a été estimé à 1,5%. En utilisant la méthode de diffusion sur milieu solide, il a été constaté que certains champignons endophytes ont une activité antimicrobienne sur au moins un microorganisme pathogène, où les zones d'inhibition variaient entre 0-39,5 mm, cette dernière a été obtenu par l'isolat Mycélium stérile, et Aspergillus niger avec 28,5mm, contre Bacillus sp., Toutefois, l'huile essentielle avait une activité contre toutes les bactéries pathogènes testées. Quant au test d'activité antifongique par la méthode de la double culture, il a été constaté que les deux champignons endophytes Aspergillus niger et Penicillium sp. ont un effet inhibiteur sur le champignon pathogène testé, où le pourcentage d'inhibition a été estimé à 61,55% , 41% respectivement. Alors que l'huile essentielle était moins efficace 12 mm. Conclusion : Les champignons endophytes ont une activité antifongique plus élevée par rapport à l'huile essentielle qui a une meilleure activité antibactérienne. Par conséquent, la plante médicinale et les champignons endophytes pourraient être une source prometteuse de composés bioactifs. L'ensemble de ces résultats obtenus ne constitue qu'une première étape dans la recherche des molécules d'origine naturelle biologiquement actives Mots clés : Lavandula officinalis ; champignons endophytes ; huile essentielle ; activité antibactérienne ; activité antifongique. Abstract Description of the subject: The medicinal plant Lavandula officinalis is interesting to know its therapeutic virtues, to replace the synthetic products by bioactive substances, which are with plants. Objective: Isolation and identification of endophytic fungi, and the extraction of essentielle oil from the medicinal plant L. officinilis, collected from the region of Constantine (Algeria). Then to evaluate and compare their antibacterial and antifungal activities against three pathogenic bacteria: two Gram-positive; Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, and one Gram-negative; Pseudomonas fluorescence, as well as the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum. Methods: The extraction of the essential oil was carried out by hydro distillation. The method of diffusion on agar medium and the method of double culture allowed highlighting the antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively, of the essential oil and the endophytic fungi against the bacterial strains tested by determining the diameters of the inhibition zones. Results: The percentage of colonization was 40.55%. The purification and microscopic study of the isolated strains gave the possibility of identifying five genera, which are Fusarium, Penicillium, Alternaria, Aspergillus as well as a sterile Mycelium. The extraction of the essential oil from the plant was carried out by hydro distillation, where the yield was estimated at 1.5%. It was found that some endophytic fungi have antimicrobial activity on at least one pathogenic microorganism, where the zones of inhibition ranged between 0-39.5 mm, the latter was obtained by the sterile Mycelium isolate, and Aspergillus niger with 28.5mm, against Bacillus sp., however, the essential oil had activity against all pathogenic bacteria tested. As for the antifungal activity test by the double culture method, it was found that the two endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. have an inhibitory effect on the tested pathogenic fungus, where the percentage of inhibition was estimated at 61.55%, 41% respectively. While essential oil was less effective (12 mm). Conclusion: Endophytic fungi have higher antifungal activity compared to essential oil, which has better antibacterial activity. Therefore, the medicinal plant and endophytic fungi could be a promising source of bioactive compounds. All of these results obtained constitute only a first step in the research for biologically active molecules of natural origin.
... These are "water distillation" (distillation with water), "water and steam distillation", and "steam distillation" (distillation with steam). The yield, composition, quality, and commercial value of the essential oils are generally affected by the type and efficiency of the distillation unit, as well as age of the harvested plant material and ecological conditions where plant material is cultivated or wild harvested [27,28]. A solar distillation system has been adopted to utilize the solar energy for the distillation of essential oil from medicinal and aromatic plants. ...
Most of the industrial process requires a temperature level below 250?C which is easily achievable using solar energy. Pakistan is fortunate enough to have long sunlight hours and high intensity of solar insolation. The mean total irradiation falling on a horizontal plane is about 200-250 Watt per m2 per day. This precious source of natural energy has tremendous potential in the agro-based industry like the distillation of medicinal plants. The main objective of this study was to conduct a Quantitative and Qualitative analyses of solar distilled oil of the medicinal plant. Solar distillation systems had been installed at Agricultural Engineering Workshop, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology and Rosa Lab, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. This distillation system was designed according to the latitude of Faisalabad. This system comprised of primary reflector, secondary reflector, condenser, and Florentine flask. In this study Eucalyptus Camaldulensis and Eucalyptus Citriodora, essential oils were distilled by solar distillation system and by a conventional distillation system for comparing the results. GC-MS analysis of Eucalyptus Camaldulensis and Eucalyptus Citriodora essential oils were carried out at National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad. The results of quantitative and qualitative analyses of essential oils showed that the quantity and the quality of essential oils of same species of Eucalyptus, distilled by Solar distillation system and conventional controlled distillation system were same. So, it was concluded that the quality and quantity of essential oils of same species don?t differ significantly either distilled by solar distillation system or by conventional controlled distillation system.
Microsporum canis is an important zoonotic fungus that causes dermatophytosis in domestic animals and their owners. Domestic cats are the primary reservoir for M. canis. Antifungal drugs frequently produce adverse effects on the host animal, increasing the demand for novel alternative treatments derived from nature. We evaluated the antifungal activity of Coleus amboinicus essential oil (CEO) and ethanolic extracts (CEE) against M. canis in planktonic and biofilm growth. Twelve clinical isolates of M. canis were identified in feline dermatophyte samples. Using GC-MS, 18 compounds were identified in CEO, with carvacrol being the major constituent. HPLC analysis of CEE revealed that it contained rosmarinic acid, apigenin, and caffeic acid. The planktonic growth of all M. canis isolates was inhibited by C. amboinicus extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration at which ≥50% of the isolates were inhibited (MIC50) was 128 µg/mL (32–256 µg/mL) for both CEO and CEE. The MIC90 values of CEO and CEE were 128 and 256 µg/mL, respectively. CEO at MIC (128 µg/mL) and 2× MIC (256 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of weak, moderate, and strong biofilm-producing M. canis. CEE at 2× MIC (256 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of all isolates. Overall, C. amboinicus extracts inhibited planktonic growth and exhibited a significant antibiofilm effect against M. canis. Thus, C. amboinicus is a potential source of natural antifungal compounds.
Recently, there has been considerable interest in the development of hybrid nanomaterials for health and photocatalytic applications. This study describes the ecofriendly strategy for synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles immobilized chitosan (CS) obtained by deacetylation of rice field crab Paratelphusa hydrodromous shells in presence of Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract (PLE). The resulting CS-ZnO-PLE hybrid nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, UV–Vis-DRS, HR-SEM, TEM, TGA and BET analysis. The HR-SEM study reveals that the CS-ZnO shows hexagonal structure after intercalation of PLE, their structure changed to hierarchical flower-like structure. Presence of reactive functional groups in the chitosan and phytochemicals such as thymol, carvacrol, p-cymene, β-caryophyllene, α-pinene, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole etc in the leaf extract plays a major role in the stabilization of the CS-ZnO-PLE hybrid nanocomposite. Spectroscopic findings reveal that photon energy from sunlight induces an electron that can be transferred from photoexcited chitosan to the conduction band of ZnO NP, which induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2, ●OH and ●O2⁻ are responsible for effective antibacterial and photocatalytic activities. The CS-ZnO-PLE hybrid nanocomposite shows enhanced photocatalytic degradation on methylene blue (∼98.97%) and drimarene red (∼87.43%) than CS-ZnO 67.53% and 30.46% respectively in the duration of one hour exposure. The antibacterial activity was investigated in terms of inhibition zones using S.aureus and E.Coli bacterial strains and their inhibition zones were found to be 21 and 20 nm. These results provide valuable information for development of alternative chitosan material from rice field crab shells for high efficient photocatalytic and antibacterial activity with metal oxides.
Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng is a medicinally important aromatic perennial herb used for the treatment of skin diseases, constipation, asthma, flu, fever, cough, and headache as well as a flavoring ingredient in traditional drinks, food, and meat stuffing. In this study, a high-performance in vitro propagation system of P. amboinicus through direct shoot organogenesis was developed using axillary node explants cultured on MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium augmented with 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 µM of 6-benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin (Kin), alone or with 0.1, 0.5, 2.5, and 5.0 µM of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). To optimize the regeneration potential of node explants, the effects of basal media strength and pH were also investigated. After 8 weeks of culture, explants cultured in full strength MS basal medium (pH 5.7) with 5.0 µM BA and 2.5 µM NAA exhibited the highest percentage (97.1%) of regeneration and the maximum number (19.3) of shoots per explant. Individual elongated shoots were rooted on half strength MS basal medium containing 0.25 µM indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) after 4 weeks of culture, producing 5.3 roots/shootlets with a root induction frequency of 93.7%. First time genetic stability of in vitro raised P. amboinicus plants was determined using SPAR markers, such as DAMD and ISSR, as well as flow cytometric tests, assuring the availability of authenticated raw materials for commercial production of the plant and its bioactive components.
أسماء أخرى للنبات : الزعترالأسبانى، الزعتر الكوبي، الأوريجانو الكوبي، النعناع المكسيكي، الزعتر المكسيكي، الكوليوس، لسان الثور الهندي، الزعتر العريض، زهرة الغمد العطرة، الزعتر الافرنجى
Background
Dandruff is a scalp malady affecting predominantly the male populace. Topical agents and synthetic drugs used for dandruff treatment have specific side effects including burning at the application site, depression, dizziness, headache, itching or skin rash, nausea, stomach pain, vision change, vomiting, discoloration of hair, dryness or oiliness of the scalp and increased loss of hair. Thus, essential oils and extracts from plants could be valuable in the treatment and prevention of dandruff.
Aim & Objective
This review aims to highlight current findings in dandruff occurrence, its etiology, promising plant essential oils/extracts, and novel treatment strategies. The main emphasis has been given on the anti-dandruff effect of essential oils and plant extracts to disrupt microbial growth. The proposed mechanism (s) of action, novel approaches used to perk up its biopharmaceutical properties, and topical application have been discussed.
Results
The literature survey was done, bibliographic sources and research papers were retrieved from different search engines and databases, including SciFinder, PubMed, NCBI, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The selection of papers was accomplished based on exclusion and inclusion criteria. The scalp of diverse populations revealed an association of dandruff with microbial symbiosis, including Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, Malassezia, and Candida as the pathogens responsible for the cause of dandruff. Topical antifungals are considered as the first line of treatment for dandruff including azoles, with clotrimazole (1%), ketoconazole (2%), and miconazole (2%). Other commonly used therapies integrate benzoyl peroxide, coal tar, glycerin, zinc pyrithione, lithium succinate/gluconate, salicylic acid, selenium disulfide/sulfide, sodium sulfacetamide, etc. However, these medicaments and chemicals are known to cause specific side effects. Alternative therapies, including tea tree oil, thyme, Aloe vera, Mentha have been reported to demonstrate anti-dandruff activity by disrupting the microbial growth associated with dandruff formation.
Conclusion
Overall, this review explains the occurrence of dandruff, its etiology, and the potential applicability of promising plant essential oils/extracts, and their novel treatment strategies. Further studies based on pre-clinical and clinical research are essential before making any conclusion about its efficacy in humans.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oil extracted from leaf of Coleus aromaticus Linn. (Lamiaceae) were investigated. The antibacterial activity was tested against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. The essential oil showed maximum activity against Salmonella typi, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis. The essential oil does not have any influence on Escherichia coli. The standard drug used was chloramphenicol. The antifungal activity against two fungal species Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger were investigated and the essential oil was reported to have maximum zone of inhibition against C. albicans. The essential oil exhibited concentration dependent activity.
Several mechanisms can inhibit mycelium formation which is an essential step for Candida albicans virulence. In this study, two essential oils of Melaleuca alternifolia and Eucalyptus globulus were tested for their ability to inhibit the mycelium formed on Lee medium by oral C. albicans. Lee medium was added with different concentrations of M. alternifolia essential oil ranging from 0.156 to 10 mg/ml and from 0.039 to 10 mg/ml for E. globulus. The results obtained showed that 5/17 of C. albicans strains were strongly mycelium producers, nine strains were moderately mycelium producers and three isolates were unable to form hyphae after 2 h of incubation in the same medium. M. alternifolia essential oil has an antimycelial activity against C. albicans isolates than E. globulus essential oil. In fact, only 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (0.312 mg/ml) of M. alternifolia was able to inhibit total mycelium in C. albicans isolate while 2 MIC (0.312 mg/ml) of the second essential oil was necessary to inhibit germ tube formation in the same strain.
Adams, R. P. 2007. Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry, 4th Edition. Allured Publ., Carol Stream, IL
Is out of print, but you can obtain a free pdf of it at
www.juniperus.org
The chemical composition of the hydro-distilled essential oils of flowers and aerial parts of Coleus
aromaticus were studied. The plant material was collected from the medicinal garden of Regional Medical
Research Centre (RMRC), Belgaum, part of the Western Ghats region of North West Karnataka, India. The
oils were analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and and gas
chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Four compounds from flowers oil and twelve
constituents from aerial parts oil were identified which representing 90.25% and 94.29% of the total oil,
respectively. The major constituent was carvacrol in flowers and aerial parts oils containing 50.98 % and
77.16%, respectively. The other constituents identified in both oils were p-cymene, β-caryophyllene and trans-α-bergamotene. A comparison of the constituents of the essential oil of Coleus aromaticus of this region from other different regions showed that the carvacrol is found in high amount with three new chemotypes in minor quantity viz., methyl chavicol, α-calacorene and α-corocalene from aerial parts oil.
Eucalyptus is a fast growing tree which has shown to possess high degree of resistance against stressed environmental conditions. Eucalyptus tereticornis is widely cultivated in various parts of the world even in Pakistan. The medicinal properties of this tree reside in its oil. The main aim of our study is to check the antimicrobial activity of this valuable tree and to compare it with commercially available antibiotics. Eucalyptus tereticornis oil was extracted from the fresh leaves and branch tips during flowering season from surrounding areas of Hazara University, Pakistan. Different concentrations of oil were checked against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 49452), Gram negative bacteria including Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), and also against yeast Candiada albican (ATCC 2091). The oil was significantly active against all the microbes studied. The activity of E. tereticornis oil was compared with standard antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (CIP-5 μg), Chloramphenicol (C-30 μg), Tetracycline (TE-30 μg) and Ampicillin (AMP 25-μg). The comparison gives the significant results and proves the antimicrobial efficiency of this valuable plant.
A total of 39 essential oils were tested for antifungal activities as volatile compounds against five phytopathogenic fungi at a dose of 1 per plate. Five essential oils showed inhibitory activities against mycelial growth of at least one phytopathogenic fungus. Origanum vulgare essential oil inhibited mycelial growth of all of the five fungi tested. Both Cuminum cyminum and Eucalyptus citriodora oils displayed in vitro antifungal activities against four phytopathogenic fungi except for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The essential oil of Thymus vulgaris suppressed the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani and that of Cymbopogon citratus was active to only F. oxysporum. The chemical compositions of the five active essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study suggests that both E. citriodora and C. cyminum oils have a potential as antifungal preservatives for the control of storage diseases of various crops.
Essential oil was isolated from the leaves of Plectranthus amboinicus by hydrodistillation and analyzed using both gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Ten components were characterized representing 94.0% of the total components detected. The major constituents were: thymol (64.3%), p-cymene (10.3%), γ-terpinene (9.9%) and β-caryophyllene (2.8%). The leaf oil demonstrated antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Aeromonas caviae as well as moderate fungicidal activity against Aspergillus niger.
Essential oils from three different Asteraceae obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial parts were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Main compounds obtained from each taxon were found as follows: Arnica longifolia carvacrol 37.3%, R-bisabolol 8.2%; Aster hesperius hexadecanoic acid 29.6%, carvacrol 15.2%; and Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. nauseosus-phellandrene 22.8% and-pinene 19.8%. Essential oils were also evaluated for their antimalarial and antimicrobial activity against human pathogens, and antifungal activities against plant pathogens. No antimalarial and antimicrobial activities against human pathogens were observed. Direct bioautography demonstrated antifungal activity of the essential oils obtained from three Asteraceae taxa and two pure compounds, carvacrol and-bisabolol, to the plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Subsequent evaluation of antifungal compounds using a 96-well micro-dilution broth assay indicated that R-bisabolol showed weak growth inhibition of the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea after 72 h.