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Effect of temperature on growth and survival of Crassostrea corteziensis spat during late-nursery culturing at the hatchery
Abstract
Nine temperatures (16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, and 32 °C) within the natural range of distribution of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis were tested in a first experiment to determine the optimal temperature for growth and survival. Based on these results, a second study assessed two temperatures above this range (34 and 36 °C) to determine upper median lethal temperature for the species. The species was thermo-tolerant between 16–32 °C, grew faster and larger at 24 to 30 °C, and had optimal growth at 28–30 °C. The lower tolerance of the species appears far from the lowest value tested (16 °C). In contrast, the upper tolerance temperature was near 32 °C, since 100% spat mortality occurred within 96 h at 34 and 36 °C. These results are being used to develop a protocol for large-scale hatchery culture of the species in Mexico.
... Hay publicaciones contradictorias sobre la temperatura óptima de crecimiento de C. corteziensis. Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) encontraron valores de 28-30 °C a salinidades de 37 ± 1, mientras que Enríquez-Ocaña et al. (2012) reportaron un mejor desempeño a temperaturas más altas (29-32 °C) y a menor salinidad (35). Estas combinaciones de temperatura y salinidad no se registraron en nuestro estudio ya que la salinidad nunca fue superior a 32.8. ...
... es de 32 °C (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007) cuando se expone durante 96 h. En este trabajo la temperatura máxima registrada en julio superó la LT 50 -96h (34.6 °C) lo que puede explicar la mortalidad (8%) registrada en este trabajo en este mes particular del año. ...
... There are conflicting reports about the optimal temperature for the growth of C. corteziensis. Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) found values of 28-30 °C at 37 ± 1 salinity, whereas Enríquez-Ocaña et al. (2012) reported a better performance at higher temperatures (29-32ºC) and lower salinity (35). These combinations of temperature and salinity were not recorded in our study since salinity was never higher than 32.8. ...
The optimal tide height at which the intertidal oyster bed system (IOBS) should be installed to cultivate Crassostrea corteziensis in Boca de Camichín (BC), Nayarit, Mexico, during the intermediate grow-out stage (39.3–60.2 mm in shell length) was determined. Temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (Chla), and turbidity were recorded 3 times a day. A trophic state index (TSI) was calculated with Chla and turbidity data. Three treatments corresponding to tide levels were tested: (1) high level (14 cm above mean sea level [MSL], emersion time [ET] = 56.4% of the total duration of the experiment), (2) intermediate level (MSL, ET = 48.6%), and (3) low level (41 cm below MSL, ET = 32.1%). Gross growth rates and absolute and relative monthly growth rates were calculated to identify periods with highest growth relative to environmental conditions. Finally, the effect of the treatments on the dimensions and weight of the oysters was studied. The results indicate that BC water was mesotrophic in April–June and eutrophic in July–August. The low tide level was the best for IOBS operation, with growth rates of 0.15, 0.10, and 0.07 mm·d–1 in shell length, width, and thickness, respectively, and 0.204 g·d–1 wet weight. Cumulative mortality was lower in the low (18.5%) and intermediate (16.4%) treatments. Shell thickness was significant reduced (P < 0.05) in the high treatment and total wet weight was reduced in the high and intermediate treatments. The results of this study offer a viable and different alternative to the cultivation of C. corteziensis in strings that is currently carried out in Boca de Camichín, Nayarit, Mexico.
... Additionally, it can be assumed that oysters from the middle position had higher competition of near oysters cultured at top and bottom F I G U R E 7 Linear regression between measured environmental variables (temperature, salinity, pH and water clarity) and the mean of wet weight growth rate (WGR) and shell length growth rate (LGR) of Crassostrea corteziensis oyster cultured in all the growing-out cycles. Dotted lines show the optimal temperature (28-30°C; Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007) and salinity (20-30 PSU;Guzmán-Agüero et al., 2013) reported for higher growth of C. corteziensis without affecting survival. ...
... corteziensis (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007;Chávez-Villalba et al., 2005). Therefore, these authors suggest avoiding seeding spat in winter for culture operations (December-March). ...
... LGR was attributed to low temperatures (stressful conditions). As indicated before, suboptimal growth of C. corteziensis occurs at temperatures under 26.5°C (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007), therefore, higher SL growth was accompanied with low WGR growth during the cold months ). This supports the idea that growth of C. corteziensis is negatively affected by low temperatures (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007;Chávez-Villalba et al., 2005), particularly in weight gain and support the previous result of (Donelan et al., 2021) who registered higher shell growth but with less meat when oysters are exposed to stressful conditions. ...
Most studies using Integrated Multi‐Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) systems in shrimp aquaculture have assessed the feasibility of culturing non‐native bivalve species. However, studies including native species are limited and could represent a better alternative since these organisms are adapted to local environmental conditions and do not represent a sanitary risk. Therefore, we assessed the growth performance of the native oyster Crassostrea corteziensis in IMTA system with a Mexican shrimp farm. The study included three grow‐out cycles (starting in October, November and December), three stocking densities (low, medium and high), and three positions of the Nestier®‐like tray (top, middle and bottom), in a drainage channel connected to a shrimp farm located in a mangrove zone. From all experimental conditions, the larger wet weight (WW) and shell length (SL) values were registered in October grow‐out cycle, associated to warmer temperatures, from oysters at medium stocking density and at the top position (WW: 110.1 ± 3.6 g; SL: 91.3 ± 1.5 mm). These results suggest that grow‐out cycle, stocking density and position of oysters in the Nestier®‐like trays highly influence the performance of the cultured oyster. Additionally, C. corteziensis growth can be improved by using IMTA systems consisting of shrimp farm effluents.
... Temperature can impact the performance and survival of marine organisms (Zamprogno et al., 2012). In marine bivalves this environmental condition can influence most ecological, biological and physiological aspects (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007). While for oyster species such as Saccostrea cuccullata (Born, 1778) the low temperature decreases the embryonic development, for the barnacle species Tetraclita stalactifera (Lamarck, 1818) it may increase the density of larvae (Kalyanasundaram and Ramamoorthi, 1986;Skinner and Coutinho, 2002). ...
... According to dbRDA, when the minimum water temperature is lower (19°/18°C) the S. cucullata and C. rhizophorae percent cover increases (negative correlation). The temperature is known as an important environmental variable which influences most of the aspects of ecology, biology and physiology of the marine bivalve species (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007). For instance, S. cucullata, according to Kalyanasundaram and Ramamoorthi (1986) in their study in India verified in experiments of spawning induction that the early embryonic development entirely ceases at 20°C and 35°C. ...
... In this study they did not test any temperature below 20°C since this species occupies a tropical zone. Moreover, Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) tested the thermotolerance of the juveniles of Crassostrea corteziensis in an experimental study. They reported that growth and survival of juveniles were much more affected by higher (above 32°C) than lower temperatures (16°C), since in the lower ones there was a significant reduction in the growth of juveniles, but survival was not affected. ...
Intertidal zone of rocky shores is influenced by a wide variety of abiotic and biotic drivers. These variables can affect the species abundance at different temporal scales. In the present study our goal was to evaluate the community changes over the years using different temporal scales (fortnightly, monthly, seasonal and annual) as a tool to understand the effects of biotic (i.e. competition or facilitation) and abiotic drivers (i.e. water temperature, air temperature, tidal regime, rainfall and water quality) in abundance pattern of dominant species (Crassostrea rhizophorae, Saccostrea cuccullata, Tetraclita stalactifera and Amphibalanus amphitrite). The samples were seasonally carried out in the mid-intertidal zone in the Boa Viagem Beach in Guanabara Bay over 7 years (2010 July - 2017 June). From June 2015 to June 2017 fortnightly samplings were made in addition to seasonal sampling. The interannual scale was the main scale in which the differences in the percent cover of the benthic community was noted (pseudo-F=15.96, p=0.0001). Hierarchical ANOVA indicated that for the dominant species only the annual scale was significant while to the cryptogenic macroalgae Ulva spp. only the seasonal scale. Among the environmental variables selected, dbRDA indicated 6 of them that were significantly relevant to percent cover variation of
all species explaining 86,61% of data variation (p < 0.05). While C. rhizophorae e S. cucullata and T. stalactifera exhibited similar response to the relevant environmental variables, A. amphitrite exhibited opposite response to these variables. The species responded to abiotic drivers in different temporal scales. Water temperature was a very important variable, but its effect in the population dynamics of these long-lived species needs long time scales (60 days) to manifest responses at detectable levels as well as the biotic interactions, such as competition, and the effects of bioinvasion. The niche overlap observed among S. cucullata and C. rhizophorae with A. amphitrite was highly significantly (p < 0.001) (i.e.,negative SES). Conversely for the oyster species the observed niche overlap is greater than the niche overlap expected by chance (i.e., SES positive). Environmentally constrained null model approach showed a significant (p=0.004) relationship only between A. amphitrite and S. cucullata (C-score obs=1200; C-score exp=716.6), indicating a negative association. During this long and continuous monitoring,
we verified that each environmental variable affects the same species at distinct temporal scales, affecting also some biotic interactions (S. cucullata×A. amphitrite) and consequently the community structure.
... There are papers related to oyster culture, although other species, for this species, little or no information, will attempt to make a comparison work, although it should be noted that they have different habitats, reproductive behavior, biochemical composition, among others [14] [10], [7], [15], [16], [17]. ...
... Water temperature plays an important role in reproductive biology of oysters [18], several studies report optimum temperatures for growth ranging from 18 to 32 ° C [19]; [16]; [15]. When the water temperature increases from 23 to 27 ° C this species enters its stage of gametogenesis for later spawning with temperatures above 30 ° C [7]; [10]. ...
... There are related works, although they refer to species that currently bear much of the oyster production of the Mexican Pacific coast such as Crassotrea. gigas and C. corteziensis and other species of bivalves like Mytilus galloprovincialis, Argopcten ventricosus and Pteria sterna [31]; [16]; [25]; [32]; [26]; [21]; [33]; [17]; [34]. S. prismatica in Ecuador have conducted studies evaluating feed for broodstock conditioning systems, larviculture and reproductive cycle [11]; [12]. ...
... Juvenile Cortez oysters were obtained for experimental purposes for the first time in the late 1990s; after that, the supply of juveniles came from hatcheries, but production was intermittent (Mazón-Suástegui et al. 2002). Since then, production of larvae and spat has improved (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007, Rivero-Rodríguez et al. 2007, Ojeda-Ramírez et al. 2008, Pérez-Enríquez et al. 2008, Arcos et al. 2009, Hurtado et al. 2009) and the species is now produced commercially. ...
... Posteriormente los juveniles provenían de criaderos, pero su producción resultaba intermitente (Mazón-Suástegui et al. 2002). Desde entonces la producción de larvas y semillas ha mejorado (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007, Rivero-Rodríguez et al. 2007, Ojeda-Ramírez et al. 2008, Pérez-Enríquez et al. 2008, Arcos et al. 2009, Hurtado et al. 2009) y actualmente la especie se produce comercialmente. ...
... Las altas temperaturas de verano propician estrés fisiológico y el crecimiento disminuye. En contraste, el efecto de las temperaturas altas sobre el crecimiento de C. corteziensis es menos evidente; sin embargo, el menor crecimiento observado en el verano podría indicar que la especie nativa también se ve afectada, ya que según Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) la tolerancia térmica superior de C. corteziensis (Soletchnick et al. 1999, Gangnery et al. 2003, but shifted about 5°C higher at the lower and upper limits. In both environments, however, 19°C is an optimum temperature for physiological balance; below or above this level, the oyster is severely stressed (Bougrier et al. 1995, Sicard et al. 2006. ...
We report differences in growth, condition, and survival of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Cortez oyster C. corteziensis cultivated in a semiarid lagoon in northwestern Mexico (Las Guásimas, Sonora) during summer and winter, periods corresponding to juvenile development at the production sites. Three sampling stations were established to determine variations in temperature, salinity, seston, chlorophyll a content, oxygen concentration, and pH at the coastal system. Growth rates and condition indices were higher during winter and cumulative mortality was higher in summer. This was the pattern for both species though significant differences were noted only for C. gigas. The Pacific oyster showed faster growth in winter and slower in summer than the Cortez oyster. While food availability was not a limiting factor in any season, differences in growth, condition, and survival were related to temperature, which ranged from a maximum of 32.7°C in summer to a minimum of 12.7°C in winter. Low temperatures are propitious for C. gigas, since high temperatures cause physiological stress. The Cortez oyster has the ability to adapt its metabolic functions to variations in temperature with no differences in growth and condition during the extreme seasons. The Pacific oyster exhibited better adaptation to variations in conditions at sites like Las Guásimas, but high temperature is a limiting factor for cultivation. Autumn is a propitious period to begin cultivating C. gigas, while the native C. corteziensis can be cultivated year-round.
... Juvenile Cortez oysters were obtained for experimental purposes for the first time in the late 1990s; after that, the supply of juveniles came from hatcheries, but production was intermittent (Mazón-Suástegui et al. 2002). Since then, production of larvae and spat has improved (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007, Rivero-Rodríguez et al. 2007, Ojeda-Ramírez et al. 2008, Pérez-Enríquez et al. 2008, Arcos et al. 2009, Hurtado et al. 2009) and the species is now produced commercially. ...
... Posteriormente los juveniles provenían de criaderos, pero su producción resultaba intermitente (Mazón-Suástegui et al. 2002). Desde entonces la producción de larvas y semillas ha mejorado (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007, Rivero-Rodríguez et al. 2007, Ojeda-Ramírez et al. 2008, Pérez-Enríquez et al. 2008, Arcos et al. 2009, Hurtado et al. 2009) y actualmente la especie se produce comercialmente. ...
... Las altas temperaturas de verano propician estrés fisiológico y el crecimiento disminuye. En contraste, el efecto de las temperaturas altas sobre el crecimiento de C. corteziensis es menos evidente; sin embargo, el menor crecimiento observado en el verano podría indicar que la especie nativa también se ve afectada, ya que según Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) la tolerancia térmica superior de C. corteziensis (Soletchnick et al. 1999, Gangnery et al. 2003, but shifted about 5°C higher at the lower and upper limits. In both environments, however, 19°C is an optimum temperature for physiological balance; below or above this level, the oyster is severely stressed (Bougrier et al. 1995, Sicard et al. 2006. ...
We report differences in growth, condition, and survival of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Cortez oyster C. corteziensis cultivated in a semi-arid lagoon in northwestern Mexico (Las Guásimas, Sonora) during summer and winter, periods corresponding to juvenile development at the production sites. Three sampling stations were established to determine variations in temperature, salinity, seston, chlorophyll a content, oxygen concentration, and pH at the coastal system. Growth rates and condition indices were higher during winter and cumulative mortality was higher in summer. This was the pattern for both species though significant differences were noted only for C. gigas. The Pacific oyster showed faster growth in winter and slower in summer than the Cortez oyster. While food availability was not a limiting factor in any season, differences in growth, condition, and survival were related to temperature, which ranged from a maximum of 32.7°C in summer to a minimum of 12.7°C in winter. Low temperatures are propitious for C. gigas, since high temperatures cause physiological stress. The Cortez oyster has the ability to adapt its metabolic functions to variations in temperature with no differences in growth and condition during the extreme seasons. The Pacific oyster exhibited better adaptation to variations in conditions at sites like Las Guásimas, but high temperature is a limiting factor for cultivation. Autumn is a propitious period to begin cultivating C. gigas, while the native C. corteziensis can be cultivated year-round.
... Juvenile Cortez oysters were obtained for experimental purposes for the first time in the late 1990s; after that, the supply of juveniles came from hatcheries, but production was intermittent (Mazón-Suástegui et al. 2002). Since then, production of larvae and spat has improved (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007, Rivero-Rodríguez et al. 2007, Ojeda-Ramírez et al. 2008, Pérez-Enríquez et al. 2008, Arcos et al. 2009, Hurtado et al. 2009) and the species is now produced commercially. ...
... Posteriormente los juveniles provenían de criaderos, pero su producción resultaba intermitente (Mazón-Suástegui et al. 2002). Desde entonces la producción de larvas y semillas ha mejorado (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007, Rivero-Rodríguez et al. 2007, Ojeda-Ramírez et al. 2008, Pérez-Enríquez et al. 2008, Arcos et al. 2009, Hurtado et al. 2009) y actualmente la especie se produce comercialmente. ...
... Las altas temperaturas de verano propician estrés fisiológico y el crecimiento disminuye. En contraste, el efecto de las temperaturas altas sobre el crecimiento de C. corteziensis es menos evidente; sin embargo, el menor crecimiento observado en el verano podría indicar que la especie nativa también se ve afectada, ya que según Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) la tolerancia térmica superior de C. corteziensis (Soletchnick et al. 1999, Gangnery et al. 2003, but shifted about 5°C higher at the lower and upper limits. In both environments, however, 19°C is an optimum temperature for physiological balance; below or above this level, the oyster is severely stressed (Bougrier et al. 1995, Sicard et al. 2006. ...
We report differences in growth, condition, and survival of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the Cortez oyster C. corteziensis cultivated in a semiarid lagoon in northwestern Mexico (Las Guásimas, Sonora) during summer and winter, periods corresponding to juvenile development at the production sites. Three sampling stations were established to determine variations in temperature, salinity, seston, chlorophyll a content, oxygen concentration, and pH at the coastal system. Growth rates and condition indices were higher during winter and cumulative mortality was higher in summer. This was the pattern for both species though significant differences were noted only for C. gigas. The Pacific oyster showed faster growth in winter and slower in summer than the Cortez oyster. While food availability was not a limiting factor in any season, differences in growth, condition, and survival were related to temperature, which ranged from a maximum of 32.7°C in summer to a minimum of 12.7°C in winter. Low temperatures are propitious for C. gigas, since high temperatures cause physiological stress. The Cortez oyster has the ability to adapt its metabolic functions to variations in temperature with no differences in growth and condition during the extreme seasons. The Pacific oyster exhibited better adaptation to variations in conditions at sites like Las Guásimas, but high temperature is a limiting factor for cultivation. Autumn is a propitious period to begin cultivating C. gigas, while the native C. corteziensis can be cultivated yearround.
... In our study, the linear effects of temperature, salinity, and rearing density on AGR of both two populations were significant (except temperature for wild population). In previous studies, the effects of temperature on the growth, survival, and physiological activity of marine bivalves were investigated in many species (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007;Kang et al. 2008;Shin et al. 2009), and temperature was also considered to be the most important modifier of energy flow and organism growth. The growth rate of mollusk was proportional to temperature within certain range. ...
... However, the growth rate had a negative correlation with the increase of temperature when temperature exceeded the normal range. Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) studied the effect of temperature on the growth and survival of Crassostrea corteziensis spat and found that the growth rate of shell height rised first then declined with a threshold temperature about 29°C. Nevertheless, temperature was not the most important factor for growth in our study, and the effect of temperature on AGR was different between the black shell strain and wild population. ...
Crassostrea gigas is a commercially important species which is the mostly widely cultured in the world. However, most of the oyster broodstock in China remains unselected. Through a 7-generation of selection on the shell color and growth traits of adult oysters, an excellent strain of C. gigas with black shell coloration and mantle has been developed. In order to facilitate the industrialized breeding, it is necessary to explore the growth performance of the black shell strain in larval stage and find out the optimal conditions for larval development. In this study, the accumulated growth rate and survival rate of the black shell strain and wild population of C. gigas larvae were measured respectively, and a central composite design as well as a response surface method was used to investigate the combined effect of temperature, salinity, and rearing density on the growth of both the two populations. No significant differences were found in survival rate between the two populations, and two model equations for the growth of the two populations were established. The optimizations of accumulated growth rate for two populations were explored. When the temperature, salinity, and rearing density was 25.14 °C, 30.28 psu, and 1.00 ind. ml−1, respectively, the accumulated growth rate for the black shell strain maximized 15.40 μm day−1. With a combination of temperature of 25.06 °C, salinity of 29.27 psu and rearing density of 1.00 ind. ml−1, the maximum value of accumulated growth rate for wild population was 13.20 μm day−1. Furthermore, the larval growth rates were compared between the black shell strain and wild population, and the larvae of the black shell strain significantly grew faster than those of wild population when temperature, salinity and rearing density in a suitable range.
... In marine bivalves, temperature is one of the most important physical factors influencing activity level, metabolic rate, energy balance and growth of individuals [17,18,19]. In our study, the juvenile ark shell tolerated a wide temperature range (23-32 °C), with survival >98% in each treatment. ...
... Growth was significantly influenced by temperature, as shell growth peaked at an intermediate temperature (26 °C). This concurs with findings in many other bivalves, such as Nodipecten nodosus [20], Crassostrea corteziensis [17] and Clinocardium nuttallii [21]. Our results indicate that the optimum temperature for the growth of A. broughtonii differs from that of the blood cockle Tegillarca granosa (28-33 °C) [22]. ...
We investigated the combined effects of temperature (23, 26, 29 and 32 °C) and salinity [15, 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 practical salinity units (PSU)] on the growth and survival of juvenile ark shell Anadara broughtonii under hatchery conditions. Mortality, shell length and shell height were monitored for a period of 25 days in all exposure groups. Survival greater than 98% was observed in all treatment groups with no significant difference among treatment combinations. Absolute growth and specific shell length and height growth rate were significantly influenced by temperature and salinity. Growth of juvenile A. broughtonii increased with higher salinity and peaked at an intermediate temperature (26 °C). Optimal specific growth rates of 4.64 ± 0.04% day⁻¹ by shell length and 4.76 ± 0.11% day⁻¹ by shell height were observed at a combination of 26 °C and 30 PSU. This study enhances our understanding of the biology of A. broughtonii and determines ideal environmental conditions for pre-planting culture operations.
... However, fishery production has not met market demand. Therefore, we require more data to evaluate candidate bivalve species for aquaculture (Diadhiou, 1995;Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007). ...
... mm year À1 ) (Hastie et al., 2000;Haag, 2009). Our findings confirm the trend that smaller individuals (K = 0.1026 month À1 ) grow faster than larger specimens (K = 0.0221 month À1 ) reported for E. elliptica in Ghana (Ampofo-Yeboah, 2000) and freshwater mussels and bivalves in general (Wells and Jernakoff, 2006;Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007). Energy allocation to gonad production in large specimens likely explains widely observed trend in bivalves (Mason et al., 1998;Hastie et al., 2000). ...
In this paper, we assess the growth performance, survival rate and abiotic factors affecting Etheria elliptica (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Etheriidae), the African freshwater oyster, a species that is widespread in tropical Africa where it is widely harvested for food and as a commodity. We collected wild oysters from the Pendjari River (Benin) and grouped them into small (23.4 ± 5.2 mm) and large (55.8 ± 7.7 mm) size classes. They were reared in cages in the Pendjari River from January to December 2009. Shell height was measured on a monthly basis, and estimated growth parameters were assessed using the von Bertalanffy growth function. Overall, the growth parameter estimates for pooled size classes were K = 0.0718 month⁻¹ and L∞ = 82.2 mm. We estimated the time to reach minimum commercial size T65mm (female sexual maturity size) to be 22 months (1.8 years). Small oysters exhibited a peak in growth rate (2.775 mm month⁻¹) in May, whereas large-sized oysters grew fastest (1.707-2.781 mm month⁻¹) in August-September during the rainy/flood season. Survival of small-sized oysters declined sharply from May (60%) to June (11%) at the onset of the rainy season, six months after the beginning of experiment, while large oysters had higher survival in June (79.2%), which decreased in December (26.4%). Among abiotic factors investigated, water transparency was negatively correlated with the growth increment of small-sized oysters (p < 0.05). E. elliptica is a suitable candidate for culture due to its large maximum size, reasonable growth rate, and wide geographic range.
... In marine mollusks, temperature and salinity are regarded as the most potent environmental factors (Kinne, 1963), which not only limit their natural distribution and farming area (Allan et al., 2006;Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007), but also induce variation in survival, growth and hence overall mariculture production (Laing, 2002;Searle et al., 2006;Cáceres-1249 No.5 KONG et al.: Temperature and salinity on juvenile Pacifi c abalone Puig et al., 2007;Xue et al., 2010). Thus, it is necessary to explore the eff ects of temperature and salinity on abalone performance to optimize development of the industry. ...
... In marine mollusks, temperature and salinity are regarded as the most potent environmental factors (Kinne, 1963), which not only limit their natural distribution and farming area (Allan et al., 2006;Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007), but also induce variation in survival, growth and hence overall mariculture production (Laing, 2002;Searle et al., 2006;Cáceres-1249 No.5 KONG et al.: Temperature and salinity on juvenile Pacifi c abalone Puig et al., 2007;Xue et al., 2010). Thus, it is necessary to explore the eff ects of temperature and salinity on abalone performance to optimize development of the industry. ...
Temperature and salinity are two of the most potent abiotic factors influencing marine mollusks. In this study, we investigated the individual and combined effects of temperature and salinity on the survival and growth of juvenile Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, and also examined the DNA methylation alteration that may underpin the phenotypic variation of abalone exposed to different rearing conditions. The single-factor data showed that the suitable ranges of temperature and salinity were 16–28°C at a constant salinity of 32, and 24–40 at a constant temperature of 20°C, respectively. The two-factor data indicated that both survival and growth were significantly affected by temperature, salinity and their interaction. The optimal temperature-salinity combination for juveniles was 23–25°C and 30–36. To explore environment-induced DNA methylation alteration, the methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) technique was used to analyze the genomic methylation profiles of abalone reared in optimal and adverse conditions. Neither temperature nor salinity induced evident changes in the global methylation level, but 67 and 63 differentially methylated loci were identified in temperature and salinity treatments, respectively. The between-group eigen analysis also showed that both temperature and salinity could induce epigenetic differentiation in H. discus hannai Ino. The results of our study provide optimal rearing conditions for juvenile H. discus hannai Ino, and represent the first step toward revealing the epigenetic regulatory mechanism of abalone in response to thermal and salt stresses.
... Therefore, scientific improvement of hatchery and field cultivation methods is crucial. At present, scientific knowledge of the species is limited, but includes basic studies of biochemical composition of tissues (Páez-Osuna et al., 1993), reproductive cycle (Frías-Espericueta et al., 1997), field cultivation (Chávez-Villalba et al., 2005), physiological regulation related to temperature (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007), density effects during field cultivation (Ruíz-García, 2006), influence of nursery diets on grow-out to adult size (Leyva-Miranda, 2005), and nutritional requirements of spat (Rivero-Rodríguez et al., 2007;Ojeda-Ramírez et al., 2008). ...
... The shell growth rate under these conditions (0.17 mm d − 1 ) agrees with data reported for juveniles of this species grown-out in estuarine areas influenced by effluents of shrimp farms in Sonora, Mexico, one in Huatabampo (0.21 mm d − 1 (Leyva-Miranda, 2005) and other in Guaymas (0.18 mm d − 1 ; Chávez-Villalba et al., 2005). These results, however, are not consistent with values reported for juvenile oysters grown-out in shrimps farms in Sinaloa, Mexico (0.29-0.40 mm d − 1 , Mazón-Suástegui et al., 2002b) and reared at the hatchery at a temperature of 28°C considered optimum (0.52 mm d − 1 , Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007). Also under low density conditions, growth rates were 34% lower in specimens fed the microalgae/cornstarch diet and 57% lower in specimens fed the microalgae/wheat flour diet. ...
The interactive effects of diet and stocking density on growth and biochemical composition of hatchery-reared Crassostrea corteziensis spat were investigated. Specimens were maintained for 21 days in upwelling chambers with continuous flow-through of seawater containing feed. The diets were: (1) A 1:1 combination of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros mulleri, (2) A 50/50 mixture of the two microalgae and cornstarch, and (3) A 50/50 mixture of the two microalgae and wheat flour. Experimental densities of specimens per upwelling cylinder were: low (5714), medium (11,428), and high (17,142). Changes in growth of spat (shell height, total wet weight, and total volume) and biochemical composition of the meat (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) were measured. The diet of microalgae (firstly) and microalgae with cornstarch (secondly) led to faster growth of spat under low stocking density conditions. In contrast, spat grew significantly less in shell height, wet weight, and total volume at medium and high density when fed the microalgae/wheat flour diet. Highest protein, carbohydrate, and lipid content occurred with the diet containing only microalgae, regardless of density. Glycogen content did not vary significantly between diets 1 and 2. Our results confirm that microalgae continue to be the main food source for meeting nutritional needs of C. corteziensis spat. However, it is feasible to replace microalgae by < 50% with some smaller proportion of cornstarch without significantly affecting the nutritional balance of the diet or the biochemical composition of spat.
... When studying the native oyster C. corteziensis and to induce maturation under laboratory conditions, the methods applied are based on those that have been proven adequate for C. gigas (Chavez-Villalba et al. 2002;Mazon-Suastegui, Robles-Mungaray, Flores-Higuera & Avile¤ s-Quevedo 2002;Caceres-Puig, Abasolo-Pacheco, Mazon-Suastegui, Maeda-Martinez & Saucedo 2007). However, they have proven inadequate for C. corteziensis, and successful hatchery production of this species awaits further research. ...
... Approximately 40^50 oocytes in three randomly selected regions of a slide were measured if the nucleus was visible. Because oocytes deviate signi¢cantly from a sphere, the theoretical diameter (TD) was calculated from the total area (A) of each oocyte using the following formula: TD 5 p 4A/p (Briarty 1975;Saout, Paulet & Duinker 1999;Rodr|¤guez-Jaramillo et al. 2006). Gonia were not measured. ...
The oyster's reproductive process is poorly documented, especially in terms of a quantitative approach. In recent years, investigations with this species have been directed at determining important reproductive factors. Within this scope, techniques that allow standardized and accurate quantitative estimations of gonad development have become of primary importance. In this study, the histological characteristics and the levels of vitellin/vitellogenin-like proteins (Vn/Vtg) from ovaries of the Mexican Pacific 'pleasure' oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein 1951) were analysed during different stages of gonad maturation using quantitative histological techniques and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. This was performed in order to evaluate a possible quantitative tool to predict the degrees of gonad maturity and to analyse the biological implications of the findings relative not only to broodstock conditioning but also to natural populations. Using this information, we expect to be able to undertake further research on different reproductive aspects of this oyster species, including, among others, evaluation of the response in Vn/Vtg concentrations to different diets and environmental conditions during laboratory conditioning. -® 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
... The results of this study suggest that the tropical blacklip rock oyster has a tolerance to high water temperatures. In accordance with the findings reported by Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) for the tropical oyster species C. corteziensis, Saccostrea lineage J displays a similar thermal tolerance for temperatures above 32°C. Future studies investigating the maximal filtration rate of Saccostrea lineage J would benefit from including temperatures higher than 32°C, to find the temperature at which filtration rate is negatively affected. ...
The tropical blacklip rock oyster Saccostrea lineage J is an emerging aquaculture species displaying fast growth rates, large sizes and resilience to fluctuations in temperature and salinity, all characteristics that suggest it would be well-suited to bioremediatory applications. To investigate their bioremediatory potential, the present study aimed to (1) determine the influence of temperature (20, 24, 28, 32°C) on the filtration rate of Saccostrea lineage J and (2) describe and quantify uptake in total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), total suspended solids (TSS) and chlorophyll a (chl a ), using prawn pond effluent and 2 levels of oyster stocking density. The results demonstrated that higher water temperatures promote a faster filtration rate and identified an optimal performance range of 24 to 32°C for a filtration rate of 12.68 to 15.20 l h ⁻¹ g ⁻¹ . In addition, the highest density (0.66 oysters l ⁻¹ ) of stocked oysters resulted in significant reduction of all water quality parameters, with TN reduced by 13%, TP by 16%, TSS by 95% and chl a by 29% when compared to unstocked controls after 3 h. Tissue analysis of 10 oysters with a mean whole weight of 75.4 g revealed a mean of 0.09 g of nitrogen per oyster. Scaling these values suggests that 1.20 kg of nitrogen is removed per tonne of harvested oysters. This study is the first to investigate the bioremediatory potential of Saccostrea lineage J and demonstrates their potential to improve aquaculture wastewater treatment practices and bioremediation.
... Each row contains an enriched GO term ID, fold enrichment of the differentially abundant protein in relation to all detected proteins, and the function of the GO term. been shown to promote higher rates of metabolism and growth in another oyster species, Crassostrea corteziensis, in the juvenile spat life stage (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007). ...
Pacific oysters ( Crassostrea gigas ) are a valuable aquaculture product that provides important ecosystem benefits. Among other threats, climate-driven changes in ocean temperature can impact oyster metabolism, survivorship, and immune function. We investigated how elevated temperature impacts larval oysters during settlement (19–33 days post-fertilization), using shotgun proteomics with data-independent acquisition to identify proteins present in the oysters after 2 weeks of exposure to 23 °C or 29 °C. Oysters maintained at elevated temperatures were larger and had a higher settlement rate, with 86% surviving to the end of the experiment; these oysters also had higher abundance trends of proteins related to metabolism and growth. Oysters held at 23 °C were smaller, had a decreased settlement rate, displayed 100% mortality, and had elevated abundance trends of proteins related to immune response. This novel use of proteomics was able to capture characteristic shifts in protein abundance that hint at important differences in the phenotypic response of Pacific oysters to temperature regimes. Additionally, this work has produced a robust proteomic product that will be the basis for future research on bivalve developmental processes.
... ISSN 2503 (Yukihira et al., 2000) sehingga berdampak pada pertumbuhan cangkang. Cáceres-Puig et al. (2007) menambahkan bahwa pada keluarga kerang Mytilidae dan Pectinidae, suhu tinggi menyebabkan stress fisiologis dan metabolik, serta denaturasi protein dan enzim, sehingga cadangan energi dialokasikan untuk bertahan hidup daripada untuk pertumbuhan. Hal serupa juga disampaikan oleh Hamzah (2016) bahwa daya reaksi enzim protease dan kandungan kadar kalsium karbonat turut dipengaruhi oleh interkasi suhu-salinitas sebesar 71,7%, sementara siasanya sebesar 28,7% adalah dipengaruh oleh faktor lain.Hal berbeda disampaikan oleh Cataldo et al. (2005) bahwa suhu mungkin tidak bertanggung jawab atas perbedaan-perbedaan dalam ukuran. ...
... As the temperature continued to rise from November through April, oysters reached the mature and spawning stages (Cham et al., 2014;Chávez-Villalba et al., 2008). Cáceres et al (2007), reported that C. corteziensis only spawns at temperatures above 25.5°C. Nevertheless, Lenz and Boeh (2011) studied the reproduction biology of C. rhizophorae, in the Bay of Camamu and admitted that the reproductive cycle of oysters in this region was less subject to the thermal cycle. ...
The study aimed to estimate population parameters of the mangrove oyster, Cassostrea gasar Dautzenberg (1891), such as asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K), and recruitment pattern and their relationship to environmental factors. 420 samples were measured for standard length and analyzed using FISAT II. Frequency histograms showed the existence of two recruitments per year with a single spawning event occurring at the study sites in May-June at the start of the rainy season when the salinity levels ranged between 10 and 18 ‰. Best growth performances were observed at Lake Zowla with the asymptotic length and growth coefficient reaching 85.10 mm and 10.86g yr-1 , respectively. Growth model showed negative allometric growth (b <3), with an asymptotic weight (W∞) of approximately 10.86 g. Oyster reaches an average length of 8.17 cm after 8 months. Results also reveals that the presence of C. gasar in the Zalivé channel and in Lake Zowla is seasonal; indeed, by the end of the little rainy season (end of November), all oyster settlements at both sampling stations were eliminated, and only a few scattered individuals remained. The cycle begins again in December-January the following year with the recruitment of larvae from nearby Aného Lagoon.
... Os aspectos biomorfométricos das ostras (e.g., a relação peso-comprimento), são influenciados diretamente por diversos fatores, dentre eles, a espécie estudada, o ambiente (e.g., natural ou em cultivo) [47,48]. Além dessas variáveis, há outras que são importantes de se analisar, tais como: fatores abióticos (temperatura e/ou salinidade) [17,46,49,50,51,52,53,54], local a ser cultivado (ambiente marinho ou estuarino) [55,56,57], tipo de estrutura do cultivo [58,59,60,61], densidade estocada [62,63,64,65], ambientes impactados [66] e o biofouling [6,21,67,68,69,70]. De acordo com esses estudos, elevadas temperaturas incrementam a biomassa das ostras, devido a maior disponibilidade de nutrientes na água o que estar associado a um maior crescimento dos bivalves. ...
A ostreicultura surge no contexto mundial como uma das alternativas mais viáveis ao declínio da pesca e o fornecimento de recurso alimentício fresco. No Brasil, cultiva-se ostras do gênero Crassostrea e, no estado do Pará, cultiva-se a Crassostrea tulipa, conhecida por ostra-do-mangue. O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar a biomorfometria da concha, estimar o Índice de Estabilização da Forma (IEF) da concha e o rendimento da carne comestível de C. tulipa, a partir de 1.028 ostras coletadas na ostreicultura da Associação de Agricultores, Pecuaristas e Aquicultores (ASAPAQ), situada no rio Urindeua, litoral amazônico, estado do Pará, no mês de abril de 2016. Realizou-se relações biomorfométricas entre a morfometria da concha (comprimento, largura e altura) e a biomassa (total e visceral), estimou-se o rendimento percentual da carne comestível e descreveu-se o IEF através de razões entre a morfometria da concha. Crassostrea tulipa apresenta excelentes relações biomorfométricas, gerando equações que satisfazem estimação de medidas morfométricas. Além disso, apresenta mais de 20% de rendimento da carne. A análise de IEF, indica uma tendência a estabilização da forma da concha ao atingir 60mm. Recomenda-se uma análise de IEF em ostras oriundas de ambientes naturais e sob influência da densidade de ostras e/o tipo de estrutura no qual a ostra está sendo cultivada. Este trabalho possibilita a estimação de carne de ostras comercializadas com base na mensuração da medida da altura da concha (mm) através da equação Bv = -4,29 + 1,94A.
... Studies have shown that the environmental conditions strongly impact the survival of bivalve mollusks during some phases of their life cycle (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007;Dickinson et al., 2012;Funo et al., 2015). These conditions are related to factors such as temperature, salinity, pH, presence of microalgae and composition of particulate matter in suspension (Guzmán-Agüero et al., 2013). ...
The Estuarine-Lagoon Complex of Cananeia-Iguape (ELCCI) is a large estuarine system dominated by mangroves, located on the southeast coast of Brazil (25° S, 48° W). Oyster farming is an important economic activity in Cananeia due to the natural abundance of oyster seeds originally found in its mangrove fields. The aim of this study was to describe the hydrodynamic aspects of the mangrove and oyster farming in the ELCCI by analyzing environmental scenarios using numerical simulations. Simulations allowed for the description of the distance of penetration of the salt wedge into the system as well as the direction and magnitude of the tidal currents. Higher values of river discharge corresponded to lower distances of penetration of the salt wedge, a feature which shows that the freshwater discharge and geomorphology together determine the variation in salinity within the estuary. Oysters are cultivated in regions of higher salinity and relatively stable conditions, with low speeds of tidal currents and little vertical variation in salinity. Under average river discharge conditions (450 m3.s-1), there is a confluence of tidal waves in Mar Pequeno, where velocity is lower. This change may lead to a higher sedimentation at restricted areas and thus to a higher depositionb of organic matter derived from oyster cultivations during flood tides.
... These differences in carbon uptake observed between the two temperatures may be attributed to the higher metabolic activity at 17°C than 20°C, involving higher feeding and respiration rates. The metabolic decline at 20°C contrasts with the findings of several studies in diverse marine taxa (e.g., bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms), which showed higher feeding and respiration rates as the temperature increases (Cáceres-Puig et al., 2007;Gooding et al., 2009;Carr & Bruno, 2013;. ...
L'acidification et le réchauffement des océans prévus pour la fin du siècle sont susceptibles d'avoir des conséquences drastiques sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes marins. Un manque de connaissance persiste cependant quant à l'impact des changements futurs sur la réponse des communautés marines. Cette thèse a pour objectif de fournir de nouveaux éléments de compréhension de l'impact de l'acidification et du réchauffement des océans à l'échelle communautaire, en considérant un écosystème aux propriétés physico-chimiques hypervariables, les cuvettes intertidales, et un écosystème plus stable, les bancs de maërl. Des assemblages expérimentaux ont été reconstitués en laboratoire à partir des principales espèces de macroalgues calcaires et non calcaires et de brouteurs, composant ces deux écosystèmes. Ces assemblages ont été soumis à des conditions actuelles et futures de température et de pCO2. L'acidification et le réchauffement des océans sont à l'origine d'une altération de la structure et de fonctionnement des assemblages de banc de maërl, à travers une augmentation de la productivité des macroalgues non calcaires et un déclin des taux de calcification du maërl. De plus, la physiologie des brouteurs est négativement impactée par les changements futurs, altérant la structure trophique des assemblages. L'acidification et le réchauffement des océans n'ont en revanche pas d'effet sur la productivité des assemblages de cuvettes. L'environnement hypervariable confèrerait ainsi une résistantes accrue aux communautés de cuvettes intertidales face aux changements futurs, en comparaison de communautés issues d'environnements plus stables, comme les bancs de maërl.
... ***p < .001. Abasolo-Pacheco, Mazón-Suastegui, Maeda-Martínez, & Saucedo, 2007;Carr & Bruno, 2013;Gooding et al., 2009;Noisette et al., 2014). However, a previous experiment on the high-latitude urchin ...
... Cáceres -Puig et al. (2007), observó durante la fase de preengorda en el laboratorio que C. corteziensis un crecimiento optimo a los 28 °C disminuyendo este por encima de los 30 °C y teniendo como límite superior de la especie los 32 °C. Chávez-Villalba et al. (2005) reportan una talla de 71.3 ± 1.9 mm en 13 meses de cultivo a partir de semillas de 4 mm de longitud sembradas en Noviembre en La Bahía de San Francisco cerca de Guaymas, Sonora, en dicho trabajo se observa que la tasa instantánea de crecimiento en invierno fue la menor con un valor de 2.85 ± 1.45. ...
ABSTRACT
The Cortez oyster is a highly appreciated species for aquaculture in Mexico and a candidate for a first position in oyster-culture industry at the Pacific Northwest coast. During this study three experimental trials were realized for increase scientific an applied knowledge about this native species. First trial were designed to determine growth and survival of larvae at three different salinities (25, 32, 39 ups), with equal temperature conditions and food and feeding schedule (27±1 ºC; and 30,000 cel•mL-1 Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros calcitrans 1:1). Larval cultures were developed in fiberglass tanks of 400 L, at initial density of 6 larvae.mL-1. No significant differences between survival of larvae were found so similar curves of growth were obtained. A second trial was intended to evaluate setting of eyed pediveliger larvae at three densities: 3, 7 and 10 larvae.mm-2. A triplicated experimental design was intended to quantify newly set spat by means of volumetric analysis. One way ANOVA for setting process showed significant difference (p>0.05), between the three groups. The newly set spat were nursed in recirculating upwelling cylinders supplied with cultured microalgae as a natural source of food. After initial nursery stage (two weeks), the spats were fed with three different treatments: Diet 1).-100% microalgae (microalgae100), Diet 2). -50% of Diet 1 and at complement of wheat flour, (microalgae50 -wheat) and Diet 3).- 50% of Diet 1 and a complement of cornstarch (MaizenaMR) (microalgae50-cornstarch50). A third trial was intended to determine effect on nursery diet supplied to spat in the hatchery, on general performance (vigor, growth, survival) of the juveniles (seed) during the grow-out phase at the field). As a result of the comparison realized between growth curves in length of the juvenile oysters, there were not found statistical differences (P >0.05) between treatments (previous hatchery diet). Global results of the present study confirms that oyster spat C. corteziensis can be nursered at the hatchery substituting 50% of daily ration of microalgae for artificial complements of low cost and easy facture. The use of cornstarch and wheat flour, decreased the quantity of microalgae supplied, with a great reduction of the cost for nursery operation, and without negative reduction on survival and growth at the field.
... Estudos têm evidenciado que as condições ambientais influenciam fortemente o crescimento e a sobrevivência de moluscos bivalves durante distintas fases do seu ciclo de vida. Essas condições relacionam-se aos fatores temperatura, salinidade, pH, dióxido de carbono (CO2), presença de microalgas e composição do material particulado em suspensão (PATERSON et al., 2003;GIREESH e GOPINATHAN, 2004;RIVERO-RODRÍGUEZ et al., 2007;CÁCERES-PUIG et al., 2007;DICKINSON et al., 2012;GUZMÁN-AGÜERO et al., 2013). ...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth and survival of the
mangrove oyster Crassostrea gasar. A laboratory trial was conducted in 10 treatments, each in
triplicate, corresponding to rising values of salinity at intervals of 5 in the range of 5-50, totaling
30 experimental units. The survival and growth of the oysters were significantly influenced by
salinity. A high survival of oysters in the salinity range between 10 and 45 was found. Significantly
higher survival rates were obtained at salinities of 20 and 25, while at 5 there was lower survival
rates. The final mean shell size and live weight of the oysters were significantly higher at a salinity
of 25, while the lowest growth was registered at 5 and 50. The results suggest that the C. gasar
oyster is resistant to a broad salinity range, and can be cultivated in marine regions or estuary
environments that do not have salinities equal or lower than 5.
... The rise in water temperature may stimulate the oyster gonad to develop rapidly. During La Niña, seawater temperature rises abnormally, which may cause slow growth in oysters and low oyster production (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007). ...
The Yunlin coastal area is the largest oyster culture in Taiwan; however, the oyster farmers reported the negative impact of a prolonged oyster culture period and an increased operating cost in 2010. This study uses the translog cost function to consider the possibility of an oyster culture period extension to estimate oyster cost elasticity, own-price elasticities, and cross-price (substitution) elasticities, to evaluate whether the oyster farming industry in Yunlin County has economies of scale, and to assess the relationship with a substitution of inputs. We found that the Yunlin oyster culture has economies of scale, and that the oyster farmers can expand production scale to reduce costs. The own-price elasticities of demand for inputs are less than 1, indicating fairly inelastic factor demands in oyster production. The oyster farming industry displays strong substitutability between the prolonged culture period and capital input, suggesting that the oyster farming industry is more responsive to a higher prolonged culture period cost, in terms of capital input.
... Feeding activity could be disrupted by salinity through the partial closure of valves, by decreasing the water pumping through the gills, or by decreasing the ciliary activity of the gill epithelium, as seen in C. virginica exposed to a salinity of 10 psu (Galtsoff 1964) and above 56 psu in C. gigas (Hopkins 1936). The temperature (29°C) where there was the highest value of the SFG is in agreement with the optimum temperature (28-30°C) for grow-out of juvenile C. corteziensis (Cáceres-Puig et al. 2007), whereas the temperature at which there was the lowest SFG is near (18°C) where the grow-out of this oyster species is inhibited (Chávez-Villalba et al. 2005). ...
There is a particular interest in Mexico for the grow-out and breeding in captivity of the native oyster Crassostrea corteziensis. However, there is a lack of knowledge of the effect of temperature and salinity on the feeding physiology that maximizes the growth and eventually achieves the maturation of C. corteziensis. Our aim was to evaluate the filtration and clearance rates, oxygen consumption, ammonium excretion rates, assimilation efficiency, and scope for growth of the oyster C. corteziensis acclimated during 2 weeks to different combinations of temperature (23, 26, 29, and 32 °C) and salinity (20, 30, 40, and 50 psu). Oysters were fed with a standard suspension of the microalga Chaetoceros muelleri as total particulate matter, which was supplied at 4.2 L h−1 into 10 1-L tanks used as experimental chambers. The results showed that filtration and clearance rates increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing salinity, with the highest values obtained at 29 °C and 20 psu. Ammonium excretion and, to lesser extent, oxygen consumption matched with the variations in the feeding rate. The values of the scope for growth (SFG) suggested that C. corteziensis is able to grow out in all combinations of temperatures and salinities tested in this work. However, the SFG decreased at higher salinity (50 psu) in both extreme temperatures (23 and 32 °C), with highest value occurring at intermediate temperature and the lowest salinity. The SFG increased with increasing temperature and decreased with increasing salinity, which was explained by the increase in the feeding rates and ammonium excretion, coupled with higher absorption efficiency of the food. We concluded that higher filtrations and scope for growth of oysters occurred at 29 °C in brackish-water (20 psu) rather than in marine-water conditions. The results obtained can be considered highly useful information for aquacultural management of this oyster species, and useful to establish suitable sites to enhance their cultivation and maximize the growth of C. corteziensis.
... c. Individual growth rate in the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Caceres-Puig et al., 2007). d. ...
... In contrast to a resting phase in winter and a short spawning period in summer in C. gigas (Lubet & Mann 1987), there are probably several spawning events and they last longer in C. corteziensis. Nevertheless, the culture methods that are now being applied in an attempt to induce maturation in C. corteziensis are based on those that have been proven adequate for C. gigas (Mazo´n-Sua´stegui et al. 2002, Cha´vez-Villalba et al. 2005, Ca´ceres-Puig et al. 2007. A description of the reproductive cycle of wild C. corteziensis is needed to achieve maturation in captivity and for management of fisheries resources. ...
We describe the quantitative and qualitative histology and histochemistry for a tropical oyster, C. corteziensis sampled in a coastal lagoon in Northwest, Mexico. Males were larger than immature oysters, with females presenting intermediate values. In this species, mature organisms were found most of the year, and there were at least two strong spawning periods, one in summer and the second in autumn. The presence of mature oocytes most of the year did not allow for differentiation of an annual reproductive pattern using average oocyte diameter, as has been used in other species. There was a very short resting period in winter, particularly in December 2005, and by January to February 2006 postvitellogenic oocytes can already be found. Both sexes tended to have more lipids in the gonad tissue as maturation advanced, with an inverse correlation to carbohydrate in gonad and in vesicular tissue in females. No differences in lipids or carbohydrates content were found in digestive gland. A negative correlation was found between chlorophyll a content and gonad coverage area in males and females. Maturation occur at sea surface temperatures higher than 20°C, and spawning when temperature increases above 27°C.
... c. Individual growth rate in the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Caceres-Puig et al., 2007). d. ...
... They reflect higher summer temperatures than C3 which lived already during the MCT and are also outstanding in their growth rates (Fig. 5). This fits well to the observation of Puig et al. (2007) that higher temperatures support growth rates of Crassostrea. The latest Langhian MCT shell C3 exhibits still a very clear seasonal signal but reflects several aberrations which might have been caused by freshwater discharge events and dry years. ...
The Western Tethyan estuarine oyster Crassostrea gryphoides is an excellent climate archive due to its large size and rapid growth. It is geologically long lived and allows a stable isotope-based insight into climatic trends during the Miocene. Herein we utilised the climate archive of 5 oyster shells from the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO) and the subsequent Miocene Climate Transition (MCT) to evaluate changes of seasonality patterns.MCO shells exhibit highly regular seasonal rhythms of warm-wet and dry-cool seasons. Optimal conditions resulted in extraordinary growth rates of the oysters. δ13C profiles are in phase with δ18O although phytoplankton blooms may cause a slight offset. Estuarine waters during the MCO in Central Europe display a seasonal temperature range of c. 9–10 °C. Absolute water temperatures have ranged from 17 to 19 °C during cool seasons and up to 28 °C in warm seasons.Already during the early phase of the MCO, the growth rates are distinctly declining, although gigantic and extremely old shells have been formed at that time. Still, a very regular and well expressed seasonality is dominating the isotope profiles, but episodically occurring extreme climate events influence the environments. The seasonal temperature range is still c. 9 °C but the cool season temperature seems to be slightly lower (16 °C) and the warm season water temperature does not exceed c. 25 °C.In the later MCT at c. 12.5–12.0 Ma the seasonality pattern is breaking down and is replaced by successions of dry years with irregular precipitation events. No correlation between δ18O and δ13C is documented maybe due to a suboptimal nutrition level which would explain the low growth rates and small sizes. The amplitude of seasonal temperature range is decreasing to 5–8 °C. No clear cooling trend can be postulated for that time as the winter season water temperatures range from 15 to 20 °C. This may point to unstable precipitation rhythms on a multi-annual to decadal scale as main difference between MCO and MCT climates in Central Europe instead of a simple temperature decline scenario.
The blacklip rock oyster, Saccostrea lineage J, has the potential to support new aquaculture developments throughout its range in the tropical Indo-Pacific region, but lack of research investment in understanding basic biology has been a key failure point in the past. This study assessed Saccostrea lineage J spat growth and survival in downweller and upweller nursery systems, with the aim of establishing baseline biological information and evaluating spat performance to support commercialisation efforts. Downweller and upweller nursery systems were similarly effective at rearing spat, with mean dorsoventral measurement in both systems reaching a 5 mm deployment size at 59 days post hatch. Growth rates reported in this study of 0.19 and 0.20 mm day⁻¹ in the downweller and upweller, respectively, are comparable to other hatchery-produced tropical and subtropical bivalve spat. Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that spat be held in nurseries for approximately two months to reach a 5 mm deployment size. The information obtained in this study is the first documentation of Saccostrea lineage J spat growth and survival, and the methods used provide a basis for commercial production of this species. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
La acuacultura es identificada internacionalmente como una de las mejores alternativas para producir alimentos de alta calidad con un impacto ambiental bajo en comparación con otras actividades agroalimentarias. Es una actividad dependiente de un nivel tecnológico relativamente elevado, por lo que su auge coincide con la etapa de mayores avances científicos de la humanidad.
Particularmente en México, durante 2013 y 2018 la acuacultura ha sido capaz de generar en promedio 230,000 toneladas anuales de crustáceos y peces, con un valor de 15,000 millones de pesos anuales, contribuyendo con el 40% del valor de la producción total de pescados y mariscos del país, alcanzando un crecimiento a una tasa de 6% anual hasta 2018. Esta industria emplea a más de cincuenta mil personas en las 31 entidades federativas, en donde se han cultivado más de 70 especies en todos los tipos de ambiente acuáticos (marino, salobre y agua dulce). Es tal su importancia, que en los últimos años, se ha establecido como proyecto estratégico el impulso a la acuacultura a nivel nacional, con la finalidad de aumentar las producciones hasta un 20% en los próximos años.
Sin embargo, existen obstáculos para lograr el objetivo de incrementar la producción acuícola asegurando un medio ambiente sano. Por ello, es muy importante contar con las herramientas políticas, legales, sociales, financieras y tecnológicas adecuadas y actualizadas para garantizar el desarrollo integral de esta actividad, donde la participación de los sectores público, privado, académico y sociedad civil es crucial.
El “Diagnóstico de la acuacultura en México” contiene la revisión del estado actual de la acuacultura nacional y los retos a futuro, donde la audiencia podrá entender el contexto en el que esta actividad es realizada en México, identificando fortalezas y áreas de oportunidad.
Se realizó una caracterización poblacional del ostión americano Crassostrea virginica existente en tres lagunas costeras de Tabasco. Para esto se determinó la biometría, la estructura poblacional, los parámetros de crecimiento poblacional y el rendimiento durante un ciclo anual. Mensualmente se recolectaron al azar 200 organismos determinándose: frecuencia de tallas, pesos, tasas de crecimiento, expresadas L∞ y K y el rendimiento en carne. Las longitudes totales oscilaron entre 7 y 66 mm, entre 7 y 80 mm y entre 27 y 90 mm, para El Carmen, Machona y Mecoacán, respectivamente, en la mayoría de los meses los organismos fueron mayores a 65 mm, sin embargo, en la laguna El Carmen no alcanzaban la talla de captura permisible para la especie que es de 70 mm. Con relación al peso húmedo total, los organismos de mayor peso, se presentaron en la laguna Mecoacán. El rendimiento en carne mensual presentó su valor mínimo en Enero (51.98 ± 5.23 %) en la laguna de El Carmen y un valor máximo en Mayo (106.29 ± 19.32 %) para la laguna Mecoacán, detectándose diferencias significativas mensuales (Fs = 79.31; P 0.001).
This study aimed to determine weight-size relationships and to fit the best growth model of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis from early juvenile to adult during one single culture cycle. The morphometric data (n = 50 oysters sampled each two weeks during January 2010 to March 2011) of shell height-shell length [SH-SL], shell height-shell width [SH-SW], shell width-shell length [SW-SL], body weight-shell length [BW-SL], body weight-shell height [BW-SH] and body weight-shell-width [BW-SW] (log-transformed) were determined by regression analysis. The SL and SH measurements (R² = 0.98) were consistently proportional to the BW, being the BW-SL and BW-SH morphometric relationships the more suitable for growth evaluation of C. corteziensis in culture. Four different equations of the Schnute model, as well as Special cases 1 and 2 (equivalent to the Von Bertalanffy growth model, VBGM, and Logistic models, respectively), were evaluated utilizing length-at-age data to estimate individual growth parameters. The parameters were obtained using the maximum likelihood algorithm and the Akaike information criterion was applied to rank the models examined. The growth curve displayed a rapid increase until the size of 41.68 ± 16.18 mm in length. In the present study, the symmetrical sigmoid curve was the best hypothesis that fit the data; however, it is assumed that the age data are sufficiently informative to describe the growth pattern of C. corteziensis, with either Schnute model Special case 2. Results from morphometry and growth model in this study represent useful tools to analyze growth performance of the Cortez oyster in culture better.
Oysters are euryhaline, benthic and sessile bivalves, firmly affixed to hard substrates in the intertidal to subtidal zone. The species Crassostrea gigas is endemic from north eastern Asia, but has been introduced, mainly for aquaculture purpose, into several coastal areas, almost worldwide. These oysters feed almost continually on particulate matter and phytoplankton, and they are fast growing filter feeding bivalves. These facts make these mollusks of interest as a record of recurrent seasonal variations in environmental parameters as well as for environmental monitoring of water pollutants. Furthermore, all the data obtained can improve considerably oyster aquaculture. However, few studies have been carried out on the shell of these bivalves, although their hard parts record environmental parameters in the same way as trees do in continental areas. Morphological, microstructural and high resolution geochemical studies on C. gigas oysters collected in different estuaries and marinas of southern Bay of Biscay (Spain), demonstrate different shell responses to variable environmental parameters. Morphological studies of numerous C. gigas specimens analyzed by three biometric indices: Shell Thickness Index, Weight Index and Volume Index, have been an effective tool to infer the presence of a dangerous biocide, tributyltin (TBT), in waters, as well as to register variant growth patterns of oyster shells. Abnormal thickened oyster shells, after living in non-polluted waters, exhibited a recovery of normal shell growth, clearly observed on longitudinal sections of the shells. Different features in shell microstructures observed: Regular Simple Prismatic (RSP), Regular Foliated (RF), cone-Complex Cross Foliated (c-CCF) and Chalk, indicating an environmental control on the accretion of low magnesium calcite crystallites in the shells. High-resolution sclerochronological and geochemical analyses with an electronic microprobe on the microstructures indicate different chemical variations. Some of them are cyclic in elements like Mg, Sr, and Na. These fluctuations, when detected in the RF microstructure, can be related to seasonal changes in waters, or have an anthropogenic origin, as have been observed in the c-CCF microstructure.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento da ostra-do-mangue Crassostrea gasar cultivada em ambiente marinho e estuarino. As ostras foram cultivadas por 11 meses em sistema de espinhel, em dois locais de estudo - São Francisco do Sul e Florianópolis -, em Santa Catarina. A concentração de clorofila-α, a temperatura e a salinidade da água foram registradas semanalmente. As ostras foram medidas mensalmente (tamanho da concha e ganho de peso) para avaliar o crescimento. No final do período de cultivo, os pesos médios de carne úmida, carne seca e concha foram determinados, bem como a distribuição das ostras por classes de tamanho. Seis modelos não lineares (logístico, exponencial, Gompertz, Brody, Richards e Von Bertalanffy) foram ajustados aos dados de crescimento das ostras. As médias finais de tamanho da concha foram maiores em São Francisco do Sul do que em Florianópolis. Além disso, as ostras cultivadas em São Francisco do Sul apresentaram distribuição mais uniforme nas classes de tamanho do que aquelas cultivadas em Florianópolis. Os maiores valores médios de peso de carne úmida e peso de concha foram observados em São Francisco do Sul, enquanto o peso da carne seca não diferiu entre os locais. O ambiente estuarino é mais promissor para o cultivo de ostras.
An experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of the combination of four temperatures (23°, 26°, 29° and 32°C) and four salinities (25, 30, 35 and 40 PSU), on clearance (FR) and filtration (CR) rates, as well as on the assimila-tion efficiency (AE) of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea corteziensis. The interaction temperature-salinity had a significant effect on the feeding physiology of the oyster; optimum results were observed in the combination of 32°C and 35 PSU with a FR of 38.08 L·h -1 ·g -1 , and a CR of 1.61 mg·h -1 ·g -1 . The AE was higher in the combination of 29°C and 35 PSUs with a value of 65.1%. Results suggest that C. corteziensis maintains its feeding physiology in the gradient of temperature and salinity evaluated, which characterizes the bivalve as an eurythermal and euryhaline organism, with a better performance at moderate temperatures (29-32ºC) and salinities (~35 PSU).
This study presents complimentary data of early growth and age/size of first reproduction of hatchery-reared Crassostrea corteziensis juveniles cultivated in the field for 9 months. Samples of oysters and gonads were collected monthly to determine absolute growth and growth rates, as well as overall gonad development. At the end, adult oysters ranging 75.6 ± 0.62 mm shell height (SH) yielded a mean growth rate of 0.308 mm day−1, which is among the highest reported for the species. Gametogenesis began in March–April and spawning occurred during August and September. Males outnumbered females at smaller sizes, but female were more abundant at larger sizes. From planting time in the field, the age/size of first maturity was 3.25 months for males (42 mm SH) and 4.5 months for females (54 mm SH), with a mean population age of 4.75 months for males (size range 55–59 mm) and 5.25 months for females (60–64 mm). Based on these results, and the time needed for hatchery care prior planting juveniles in the field (2.25 months), we propose limiting fishing of wild oysters to sizes >65 mm height to allow them to breed at least once and contribute to restoring wild populations.
Three Pavlova species were evaluated for their nutritional value as diets for growth and survival of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis spat during late-nursery cultivation at a hatchery. Microalgae were provided as monospecific diets (Pavlova salina, P. sp. C50 and P. sp. C53) and in binary combinations of diets 1+2, 1+3 and 2+3 at 80–90 × 103 cells mL−1 for 21 days. Juveniles experienced high survival rates and grew well with all dietary treatments, but binary diets yielded greater survival and growth of spat. From the three binary treatments, Diet 6 (P. sp. C50 and P. sp. C53) promoted significantly (P<0.001) fastest growth of juveniles in shell height (0.19 mm day−1), shell length (0.14 mm day−1), total wet weight (0.04 g day−1) and dry weight of meat biomass (0.024 g day−1). For all shell dimensions, the lowest growth rates occurred with Diets 2 (P. sp. C56 alone) and 3 (P. sp. C50 alone). These results highlight the importance of testing microalgal diets for bivalve spat rather than just relying on published nutritional values.
We measured the growth and physiological condition of juveniles of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis during the early grow-out phase in Sinaloa (Mexico) after using three experimental diets during the hatchery period: (1) 1:1 blend of the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri as the control group; (2) mix of the same microalgae replaced by 50% of its wet weight with cornstarch; and (3) mix of the two microalgae replaced by 50% its wet weight with wheat flour. Specimens were cultivated under suspension conditions for 60 days and monitored weekly for growth (shell height and wet and dry weight) and the first 15 days for physiological response (condition index, digestive gland index and muscle index). Juveniles fed exclusively on microalgae attained larger sizes and had higher digestive gland and muscle indices, while those fed microalgae with cornstarch gained more biomass (wet and dry weight) and reached a better condition. The lowest values of these indicators occurred in oysters fed microalgae with wheat flour. Statistical data revealed that differences in the growth and condition of specimens between treatments were slight, confirming that mixed diets (particularly microalgae/cornstarch) have potential application for reducing hatchery-operating costs without affecting the performance of planted juveniles in the field.
The reproductive cycle in oysters has been the object of several studies in temperate zones. However, little information is available for tropical and subtropical species. This study shows the seasonal changes in the gonadal index (GI) of two species of oysters, Crassostrea iridescens and Crassostrea corteziensis, which differ markedly in their habitat and time of reproduction. Both oysters were sampled at 45 days intervals in the Northwest coast of Mexico between November 1989 and October 1990. Gonadal and somatic tissue per individual were dried for three days at 90°C, weighed and recorded. The gonadal index (GI) applied in this work was calculated from: GI = Wg/Ws. Where Wg is the average gonadal tissue dry weight, and Ws is the average somatic tissue dry weight. Seasonal variations in the gonadal state were evident for the two species. C. iridescens exhibited only a single maximum in the year, while C. corteziensis two peaks. This situation is presumably related to the contrastable environmental conditions that prevail in the sites where each species inhabit.
The influence of temperature in controlling the abundance and distribution of marine invertebrates has been studied for many years. It is generally recognized that the “zone of tolerance” of an organism is defined by an upper and a lower “incipient lethal temperature,” both of these values often being modifiable by exposure to long-term changes in environmental temperature. Such acclamatory responses allow the organism to adjust the limits of its zone of tolerance until ultimate upper and lower incipient lethal temperatures are reached. This chapter explains the effect of temperature change on individual physiological processes of the marine invertebrates and studies the strategies that they adopt to maintain the energy balance. It also examines the methods that the marine invertebrates follow to conserve energy during the periods of reduced food availability, the factors controlling the metabolic energy expenditure, and the role food availability plays in influencing the exploitative strategy of living among them.
With the aim of contributing with technical information necessary for the management of the rock oyster fishery in Sinaloa (Mexico), a survey of the rock oyster Crassostrea iridescens was done using individual buoys hooked to the rocky bottom in order to recover and identify 99 tagged specimens, including estimates for natural mortality (M), growth rates and the relationship between total length and total weight. Data for rock oysters were recorded during two sampling phases (March-April and September-October 1995), and in both cases survival rates (S) were near 80% to give a final estimation of M = 2.2y -1 . The length- weight relation indicates a negative allometric growth, with coefficient values significantly smaller than 3.0 for each period (2.18 and 2.61). The values for the growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy model were L∞ = 134 mm and 155 mm, K = 0.069 and 0.098, t0 = -0.66 and -0.40 for each period. The results agree with the annual environmental variations present in the study area, and appear sufficiently reliable for use in the management of the rock oyster.
Nodipecten (Lyropecten) subnodosus (Sowerby 1835), the largest pectinid in tropical waters, has been continuously exploited. In support of sustainable development for this species, we started basic growth studies to establish aquacultural practices. N. subnodosus was cultured using triangular plastic cages in La Paz Bay (1995–1996) to describe growth and survival; we determined relationships between quantity of available food and growth and behaviour of body component indices. This culture system allows an isometric shell growth of scallops over 13 months; 56.8±2.1 mm height, 54.5±2.1 mm length and 23.0±1.1 mm width. Allometric growth was found between weight and height, length and width (survival was 44.3%). Body component indices and growth increased progressively until the summer of 1996 when all indices decreased negatively, influenced by high water temperatures. Gonad tissue developed during the first year. Gametogenic activity was evident, presenting the first spawn in summer. Particulate organic and inorganic matter and chlorophyll concentrations were relatively constant during the study, and there was no evidence relating these values to growth and body component indices. Culture of N. subnodosus is feasible in La Paz Bay. However, high water temperatures in summer reduced growth and survival rates.
The relationship between the shell dimensions of pearl oysters. Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley 1856) and Pteria sterna (Gould 1851). was studied to determine the possible change of form of the shell during growth. The intention was to determine the number, size and location of nuclei that could be implanted in oysters used for Mabé pearl production. Using the database of our Pearl Culture Research Programme developed in Bahía de La Paz, México, we obtained measurements of 500 shells of P. mazatlanica and 500 shells of P. sterna, representing 3 years of continuous growth under extensive culture conditions. The height-length, height-thickness and the height-weight relationships of both species were analysed, as was the height-wing length relationship for P. sterna. There was isometric growth up to 100 mm shell height, and negative-allometric growth after 120-125 mm for P. mazatlanica. The height-thickness relationship followed a linear model, whereas the height-weight relationship was exponential. No clear allometric pattern was found in P. sterna and all relationships fitted the power equation.
This paper describes a recommended method for tests of acute toxicity of pollutants to fish. Improved procedures are recommended: chiefly, more frequent observations of mortality and simple statistical treatment. The four day lethal concentration or the lethal threshold concentration should be used as the final expression of the test result. Toxicity curves should be constructed as the experiment progresses, for the information of the investigator. Tests should provide at least two liters, and preferably three liters of test water per gram of fish per day, whether the test is static or continuous flow. Tests should not be aerated. Standard species such as rainbow trout are recommended. Effects of mixtures should be assessed by adding toxicant concentrations which have been expressed as fractions of the lethal concentration. Some suggestions are made for using the standard bioassay technique in experiments on sublethal and chronic effects.
This chapter describes the influence of environmental factors on energy flow and the partitioning of energy within individuals and populations of pectinids. The most common method of assessing energy balance in an individual organism is to measure the components of the energy budget equation. An organism can only allocate energy to growth or reproduction while it remains in positive energy balance, if absorbed ration exceeds total metabolic losses. The energy available for production after respiration and excretion is subtracted from absorption and is referred to as “scope for growth” (SFG), which in a bivalve is the physiological equivalent of the sum of reproductive output, somatic tissue growth, and shell production. Better understandings of the physiological mechanisms which influence energy balance in pectinids require measurements of the integrated response under natural temperature and food conditions. The amount of energy invested in somatic tissue growth or spent on gametes is determined.
Frequent monitoring of temperature (FMT) for over 1 year at two aquaculture sites in the western Baja California peninsula was analysed in terms of hourly, daily and monthly variability, and with this information, temperature-change indices were calculated. These data were contrasted against a long-term series from a global database (Extended Reconstruction of Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST)) to evaluate whether these could substitute for FMT. The compatibility of species requirements with the thermal conditions was evaluated by comparing the temperature frequency distributions from the two FMTs, with the optimum and lethal temperature information available on five bivalve species of aquacultural interest. We concluded that there was no correlation between ERSST and FMT because the former underestimates the amplitude of real temperature fluctuations and exhibits a different pattern of variation during the year. Therefore, FMT was needed for a correct selection of an aquaculture site for bivalves. The FMT indicated high temperature variability at both sites studied on different time scales, with the site located at lower latitude (Rancho Bueno) warmer and with a higher variability than Laguna Manuela. Contrasting these results with optimum and lethal temperature values of bivalve species, it was possible to find the ideal site, for temperature, for culturing the species, taking into account the variability associated with large-scale phenomena.
This is the first evaluation of growth and survival of spat of the Cortez oyster Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein) produced under controlled conditions in a coastal area in the state of Sonora, Mexico for aquaculture purposes. A suspended culture technique, used for the Pacific oyster C. gigas, was used. The Cortez oyster has an isometric shell growth during the first 13 months, reaching 71.3±1.9 mm length, 52.6±1.3 mm thickness and 25.1±0.8 mm width. Allometric growth was found between total weight and length, thickness and width (survival was 70%). The relationships between particulate organic, inorganic material, chlorophyll a and environmental parameters with growth are described. Growth rates of C. corteziensis were affected by temperature with retardation at less than 18°C. For aquaculture purposes, it is recommended that spat be sowed after winter, and oyster harvest occur at the end of autumn. According to the von Bertalanffy equation, Cortez oysters would reach the traditional exploitation size of 65 mm (mean length) at harvest. Finally, the results of this study have shown that C. corteziensis is a good candidate for aquaculture projects in this region.
Temperature and quality of the available food are important factors that influence the physiology of oysters; however, the combined effects have not been well studied. We evaluated the impacts of the temperature and diet on the growth, survival and biochemical composition in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas spat, cultured in the laboratory for 8 weeks at 23, 26, 29 and 32°C and fed Isochrysis sp.-Pavlova lutheri (IP) and Dunaliella tertiolecta (Dt). The growth and biochemical composition showed a pattern, which changed in response to rising temperature. The shell length was significantly longer, in spat fed the IP diet, except at 32°C, where both diets produced poor growth results. The survival was <50% after 5 weeks at 32°C, whereas at all other temperatures it was >88%. High temperatures directly increased lipids and saturated fatty acids, while the proteins, carbohydrates and unsaturated fatty acids decreased. High temperatures achieved in the environment, as those reached on clear summer days during low tides, are an important stressor in oyster spat, especially when the quality of the available food is poor.
Gametogenic cycles in scallops include periods of inactivity (vegetative periods), cytoplasmic growth, vitellogenesis, spawning, and resorption of unspawned gametes. Several means of assessing gametogenesis in scallops exist, including visual observation of the gonad (bothgross and microscopic examination of gonadal smears), gonad weights and indices, histology (including oöcyte diameter and stereology), and indirect means (larval and spat abundances). The most complete definition of a gametogenic cycle would include both quantitative estimates of fecundity and qualitative assessment of gametogenesis.
The heart beat, ventilation rate and oxygen uptake of Mytilus edulis L. were measured simultaneously, in response to changes in temperature and food level. There was no thermal acclimation of heart-beat frequency or amplitude to temperatures from 5 to 25C. Oxygen consumption and ventilation rate acclimated to 10, 15 and 20C, but not to 25C. Starvation reduced the rate of oxygen uptake and heart-beat frequency to a standard level and, in response to food, the ventilation rate and oxygen consumption immediately increased to an active level. Feeding was maintained after the initiation of active metabolism, and during the following 10 days the heart-beat frequency gradually increased to the level characteristic of fed individuals. There was no direct correlation between the rate of oxygen consumption and heart rate, and an apparent absence of a close nervous coupling between ventilation rate and heart rate in M. edulis.
The present study describes the seasonal changes in biochemical composition of two species of oysters Crassostrea iridescens Hanley and Crassostrea corteziensis Hertlein, which differ markedly in their habitat and times of reproduction. The two oysters were sampled monthly from the Northwest coast of Mexico, between August 1987 and May 1988. Mean percentage values of the main components with seasonal extremes in parentheses, were, for C. iridescens: proteins 37.9 (30.3–43.5), carbohydrates 38.6 (31.9–48.4) lipids 11.2 (9.6–14.0) and ash 11.3 (8.7–14.6); and for C. corteziensis: proteins 49.3 (40.9–55.5), carbohydrates 19.3 (3.9–31.1), lipids 14.1 (7.5–19.3) and ash 17.4 (11.1–27.7). Seasonal variations in the biochemical composition were evident in the two specimens. In C. iridescens, lipids decreased in autumn and increased in spring, carbohydrates showed a opposite pattern, while protein levels increased in late spring when gametogenesis and maturation occur in this species. In C. Corteziensis, the protein content had the lowest values in winter and the lipids showed a variation similar to proteins. Carbohydrate concentrations were higher in the soft tissue of C. iridescens than in C. corteziensis. The decline in carbohydrate in both mollusks was coincident with the stage of gametogenesis.
Growth, gametogenesis, physiology, and biochemical composition of 1-yr-old diploid and triploid Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, were simultaneously examined at ambient (8–15°C) and at elevated (30°C) temperatures. Triploid oysters grew significantly faster (P ≤ 0.01) and exhibited a significantly higher (P < 0.0001) condition index than diploid oysters at the elevated temperature. No significant differences were found between diploid and triploid oysters in rates of oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion at either temperature. Biochemical composition (total protein, carbohydrate, lipid and ash) was similar for both groups at ambient temperature. At elevated temperature, however, triploid oysters had significantly higher levels of carbohydrate (P ≤ 0.016) and protein (P≤0.003) than diploid oysters. Both diploid and triploid oysters developed gametes at ambient temperature, but gonadal development in triploid individuals was 60–80% lower than in diploid individuals. At elevated temperature, 92% of the diploids were found to be ripe, compared to 0% of the triploids. The greater dry tissue weight, condition index, and protein and carbohydrate levels of triploid oyster at 30°C may be attributable to their decreased reproductive effort compared to diploids, thereby giving triploid oysters an energetic advantage at stressful temperatures.
Contribución al conocimiento sobre algunas especies comerciales de moluscos bivalvos Crassostrea corteziensis Hertlein, 1951, Saccostrea palmula Carpenter, 1857 y Atrina maura Sowerby, 1835 en el estero El Pozole
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Cultivo piloto de ostión Crassostrea gigas en costales sobre estantes en la zona intermareal en Bahía Magdalena, B.C.S., influencia de la densidad sobre el crecimiento
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Cáceres-Martínez, C., García-Bustamante, S., 1990. Cultivo piloto de ostión Crassostrea gigas en costales sobre estantes en la zona intermareal en Bahía Magdalena, B.C.S., influencia de la densidad sobre el crecimiento. In: De la Lanza-Espino, G., Arredondo-Figueroa, J.L. (Eds.), La Acuicultura en México: de los Conceptos a la Producción. Ed. Limusa, Mexico, D.F, pp. 162–169.
Cultivo experimental de ostión de placer Crassostrea corteziensis (Hertlein, 1951) preengordado en labor-atorio con tres dietas distintas para compensar su crecimiento en canastas en el Estero El Riíto, Huatabampo, Sonora Cultivo de ostión japonés Crassostrea gigas
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Avances en la producción y cultivo de semilla de ostión nativo Crassostrea corteziensis en Bahía de Ceuta Mortality and growth of the rock oyster, Crassostrea iridescens (Hanley, 1854) in San Ignacio
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Mazón-Suástegui, J.M., Robles-Mungaray, M., Avilés-Quevedo, S., Flores-Higuera, F., Monsalvo-Spencer, P., Osuna-García, M., 2001. Avances en la producción y cultivo de semilla de ostión nativo Crassostrea corteziensis en Bahía de Ceuta, Sinaloa, Mexico. Mem. 1er Foro Estatal Cienc. y Tecn. Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico. Melchor-Aragón, J.M., Ruiz-Luna, A., Terrazas-Gaxiola, R., Acosta-Castañeda, C., 2002. Mortality and growth of the rock oyster, Crassostrea iridescens (Hanley, 1854) in San Ignacio, Sinaloa, México. Cienc. Mar. 28, 125–132.
Marine Ecology, Environmental Factors
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Estudio sobre el cultivo piloto de ostión Crassostrea corteziensis en un criadero comercial. II) Crecimiento a talla comercial
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Hoyos-Chaires, F., Robles-Mungaray, M., 1990. Estudio sobre el cultivo piloto de ostión Crassostrea corteziensis en un criadero comercial. II) Crecimiento a talla comercial. Abstracts IV Cong. Nac. Acuic. AMAC-90. Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Kinne, O., 1971. Temperature.
Growth of Nodipecten subnodosus (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) in La Paz Bay
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Cabrera-Peña, J.H., Protti-Quesada, M., Urriola-Hernández, M., Sáenz-Vargas, O., 2001. Growth of Nodipecten subnodosus (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) in La Paz Bay, México. Aquac. Res. 34, 633–639.
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