Shata – Dhauta – Ghrita – A Case Study
Abstract and Figures
Shata-dhauta-ghrita (SDG) is an Ayurvedic preparation, commonly prescribed for treatment of wounds, burns, chicken pox, scars, herpes, leprosy and other skin diseases. It is prepared by washing clarified butterfat (cow ghee) one hundred times with water. Having potential as a topical product for the treatment of skin diseases, it needs evaluation in modern scientific parameters. The study was carried out to evaluate the changes taking place while washing cow ghee one hundred times which makes it an important topical product.
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... In our earlier studies, we have evidenced the effect of 'Murcchana' process to ensure maximum acceptability, stability and better shelf life of ghrita preparation [11]. 'Shata-Dhauta' is a process involves washing of purified ghee one hundred times with water which increases stability of ghrita and makes it elegant and suitable product for topical application [12]. ...
... In present research work, attempt was made to prepare cow ghee based Polyherbal Ghrita formulation as per Ayurvedic texts. Based on therapeutic (wound healing) potential, present herbs of Western Ghats, India were selected to prepare herbal extracts (Kalka) [12,13]. The name 'Bhallatakadi' was assigned from the synonymous name of S. anacardium. ...
... The possible decomposition of fatty acids during storage can lead to bad odour and rancidity which affects stability and shelf life of ghrita therefore prepared polyherbal ghrita formulation was processed with ancient Ayurvedic procedures viz. 'Murcchana' and 'Shata-Dhauta' samskara [12,36,37]. ...
Background: Ayurveda is primarily based upon use of herbs either singly or in combination (polyherbal). The cow ghee (clarified butterfat) is considered as a precious base for preparing medicines in Ayurveda. Processing of ghee with plant ingredients is renowned for enhancing their therapeutic efficacy. Objective: In present research work, the attempt was made to develop cow ghee based Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita formulations and evaluate them with reference to 'Murcchana' and 'Shata-Dhauta' process. Materials and methods: The research plants were identified, procured, authenticated and processed. The extracts of plant materials were prepared and used for development of Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita (PHBG), Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Murcchita Ghrita and Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Shata-Dhauta Ghrita formulations as per Ayurvedic procedures. The prepared ghrita formulations were subjected to organoleptic (colour, odour, taste, appearance and touch), physicochemical (pH, viscosity, moisture content, specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, saponification value, iodine value, peroxide value, Rechert Meissl value and Polenske value) evaluation, in-vitro antioxidant and GC-MS analysis. The accelerated and real time stability studies were carried out to determine shelf life of ghrita formulations. Results: The results of evaluations indicate that, developed PHBG formulations retained the organoleptic and physicochemical characteristics of ghee. The shelf life of formulations was found to be in the range of 1.6 to 3.3 years at accelerated and 2.2 to 3.8 years at real time stability conditions. All ghrita formulations exhibited antioxidant activity in dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The standardization or evaluation of Polyherbal Bhallatakadi Ghrita formulations was found to be crucial for the establishment of a steady biological, chemical or simply a quality assurance profile of the drugs.journal of ayurveda
... Vaidayak Shabda Sindukara has added another reference to the preparation of Shatadhouta Ghrita by Santapya (heating) the Ghrita and Nirvapana (pouring) in Sita Jala (cold water) 100 times. [37] Uses of Shatadhauta ghrita are depicted in fig.4 ...
Ayurvedic is quite popular, being practiced throughout the country including tribal and remote areas where other modes of therapies are not readily available. Though it lacks the elaborate organizational structure of its modern counterpart, it has a significant impact on meeting the health-care needs of a large portion of India. Clarified butter fat (cow ghee) is washed one hundred times in water to create a traditional Ayurvedic preparation known as Shatdhauta ghrita (100 times washed ghee). This process transforms ghee into a soft, cooling, nourishing, silky unguent that is used as a traditional moisturizer, antioxidant, and anti-wrinkle skin cream. Shatdhauta ghrita (SDG) is a handcrafted emollient that is excellent for damaged skin. In this review author mainly focused on preparation method of Shatadhauta ghrita, its mechanism, marketed scenario, benefit and need of SDG formulation. According to the review, Shat dhauta ghrita has potential as a topical product for treating skin diseases, but it must be evaluated using modern scientific parameters. SDG is act as an excellent cream base, if we incorporate herbal drug or phytoconstituent in the SDG it act as a promising agent in the development of herbal cream.
... The pH value of the control sample was found to be 4.5, which is comparable to 4.6 reported by Deshpande et al. (2009). In a study by Menkudale and Pawar (2018), it was reported that pH of fresh CG was 5.44, whereas the aged CG had pH value of 4.95. ...
Application of microfluidization can influence physicochemical, structural, rheological and functional properties of the food matrix, significantly. In the present research, effect of high pressure microfluidization treatment (50–200 MPa, single pass) on pH, refractive index (RI), free fatty acid (FFA) values, colour measurements, rheology, particle size, structural properties and thermal properties of cow ghee (CG) were investigated. Upon microfluidization, the pH values of CG significantly increased from 4.5 to 4.9. The shear-thinning nature of microfluidized CG was demonstrated by a Rheogram between apparent viscosity and shear rate. At 50 MPa, the apparent viscosity of the sample increased but then decreased as the microfluidization pressure was increased. Thermal analysis revealed an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) at 50 MPa from 32 to 37 °C and a significant effect was observed on it as the pressure was increased. GC-MS analysis revealed that microfluidization at 150 MPa reduced the cholesterol level in CG by 39.37%. The current research is the first one on microfluidization of CG and can open new channels on the research end.
... Triphala churna [16] along with Nimba patra kalka [17] and Saindhava lavana (~rock salt) is used here for Bidalaka that is effective as an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. External application of Shatadohuta ghrita [18] which is a known medicine of nanoparticle size; [19] on the lesions accentuated the healing due to a faster cellular penetration. It has been proven to hasten epithelialization [20] and is an excellent drug to lower burning sensation and scarring in skin diseases and burns. ...
COVID-19 patients have cutaneous manifestations such as herpes zoster, urticaria, chilblains, purpura, livedo racemosa, chickenpox-like eruptions in very small percentage. However, the major focus is on pulmonary and cardiac symptoms as it leads to increased mortality. Globally, many cases of herpes zoster as coinfection of COVID-19 are observed. Here, a 65-year-old female with Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus (HZO) managed by Ayurveda stand-alone treatment is reported. She tested RT-PCR (Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction) positive, had mild COVID-19 symptoms, and preferred home isolation and Ayurveda treatment. The patient was monitored twice daily through teleconference (zoom/video calls), photographs of the condition were procured, and guidance was sent in return. Initially, the patient complained of fever, pain, and burning sensation in scalp, left ear, and eye with left periorbital swelling. Once the fever subsided, the patient developed vomiting and loose stools as COVID-19 symptoms. There was complete relief from all the symptoms in four weeks, and the medicines for the postherpetic lesions were continued for another week. Treatment of herpes coinfection in COVID-19 under home isolation is in itself a challenge requiring leech application. However, the case was managed with Ayurveda oral medications and topical therapies such as Seka and Bidalaka to achieve relief from pain, burning sensation, and swelling. The drugs and therapies used in the above case assisted increasing circulation relieving pain thereby, assuring good sleep and faster respite from all symptoms. This case is reported to add to clinical literature and to showcase the importance of local therapies and teleconsultation in condition like HZO associated with COVID-19.
... While meeting medical exist and that the product will command sales and profits proportionate to investments. 1 The contribution of the traditional preparations, which are normally poly-herbal, is increasing because of the general impression that these products are safe; while the singlemolecule based modern drugs used in allopathic system can have severe adverse effects. 2 Although Commercialization started disadvantages came forward people become doubtful regarding quality and originality of drugs what they had prescribed by the physician and what they are going to purchase, enquires scientific reasoning leads to introduction of quality control and standardization. The need of quality control for ASU drug is because the preparation of drug according to the ancient method has been reduced due to commercialization of Ayurvedic pharmacy during past era. ...
Jatyadi Ghrita is a ghee based Ayurvedic formulation useful for sravi (secretory), gambhira (deep), Dushta Vrana (contaminated wound) by external application by shodhana (cleaning) and ropana (healing) as per the classical texts of Ayurveda. Now day’s pharmacies are using coconut oil instead of ghrita for preparation of Jatyadi Ker Taila, but remaining contents are same as that of Jatyadighrita as quoted in our Samhitas. Hence a comparative study on Jatyadighrita as per classical text and Jatyadi Ker Taila (modified method by using coconut oil replacing ghrita) to know their physico-chemical properties. The physicochemical tests performed on different samples of Jatyadi Ghrita and Jatyadi Ker taila such as specific gravity, acid value, saponification value, Total fatty matter, melting point, viscosity etc. Further standardization by instrument analysis performed on HPTLC for finger printing profile. Comparative evaluation of above parameters shows that Ker taila (coconut oil) can be used as better substitute of ghrita for the preparation of Jatyadi formulation. Related physicochemical tests and HPTLC profile clearly shows the more stability of formulation and increased number of secondary metabolite extraction in Ker taila than ghrita. Possibly the above results denote best substitution of classical formulation Jatyadi ghrita is Jatyadi Ker taila (by using coconut oil replacing ghrita).
... Greater degree of unsaturation indicates the possibility of the oil becoming rancid due to atmospheric oxidation. [38] But the degree of changes was not pronouncedly more in Ghṛta and Mūrcchita Ghṛta after various time intervals. Peroxide value, which is responsible for rancidity, is the number of milli equivalents of active oxygen that expresses the amount of peroxide contained in 100 g of the substance. ...
Introduction:
Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta (KG) is an Ayurvedic formulation commonly recommended in skin disorders, especially Mukhadūṣikā (Acne vulgaris). Kesara (stigma of Crocus sativus Linn.) is a prime ingredient in the formulation. However, due to high cost and increased adulteration in Kesara, 'Nāgakesara' (Mesua ferrea Linn.) is suggested by Ayurvedic experts as a substitute. Nāgakesara is relatively lower in cost and possesses similar therapeutic attributes to that of Kesara. Recent studies have established standard manufacturing procedures and clinical efficacies of Kesarayukta (with Kesara) Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta (KKG) and Nāgakesara yukta (with Nāgakesara) Kuṅkumādi Ghṛta (NKG) in Mukhadūṣikā. In spite of wide utility of KG in Ayurvedic practice, no published work on its shelf life is available so far.
Aims and objectives:
To establish the physicochemical profile and evaluate the shelf life of KKG and NKG.
Materials and methods:
Total three batches of KKG and NKG each were prepared in the laboratory by adopting Ayurvedic classical guidelines and the findings were systematically recorded. Comparative differences in organoleptic characters (colour, odour, taste, touch) and values of different physicochemical parameters (Ash value, pH value, Total solid content, Specific gravity, Refractive index, Loss on drying, Acid value, Iodine value, Saponification value, Peroxide value and Rancidity tests) of raw materials [herbal ingredients, Go Ghṛta, Mūrcchita Ghṛta (MG)] as well as finished products (KKG and NKG) were recorded. Long term (real time) shelf life testing was carried out at the intervals i.e., at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 16 months. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) analysis of samples was also carried out.
Results and conclusion:
The average percentage loss in final product was 10.18% in KKG and 7.58% in NKG. The shelf life of MG, KKG and NKG is 16 months. After 16 months, Go Ghṛta showed negative rancidity test, while MG, KKG and NKG showed positive rancidity, indicative of onset of deterioration after 16 months. Present findings validate the Ayurvedic principles stipulating medicated Ghṛta to have a shelf life of 16 months. Chromatographic study showed few differences between KKG and NKG samples. Data obtained by present study may be considered as standard for future researches.
Background: Moringa oliefera Lam. (Shigru/Moringa) is used as day to day edible product and as well as medicinal purpose for its enriched nutrients and medicinal values. Thus the biscuits of Shigru leaves were prepared to carry out a clinical trial to correct Iron deficiency anaemia in females. Out of 51 recruited participants during the clinical trial, one case of adverse drug reaction was reported. Materials and Methods: An 18 year female participant with 39 kg weight included in research trial as her Hb% was 10.2 and serum ferritin was 3.85. Moringa oliefera enriched biscuits were given in a dose two biscuits twice daily since 7 September 2019. She has reported after 5 days i.e. on 12 September 2019 with the complaint of red rash over back and arm. She was advised to withdraw the biscuits immediately got relief within 24 hours. After restarting the biscuits, she reported again rash with itching, then a case of ADR recorded and Ayurveda treatment has been initiated. Result: After Ayurveda medication within 12 hours she got relief from itching and red rash disappeared gradually. Discussion and Conclusion: Moringa is even though commonly used as in many edible forms; the Moringa enriched biscuit reported 1 ADR out of 51 recruited participants. This is important and helpful for pharmacovigilance to record and control adversity that affects the issues of consumers and regularization of Ayurveda health care system.
Modern formulation science requires all excipients to be inert and to conform to Pharmacopoeial standards. However, Ayurveda, the ancient science of health from India believes that all substances possess therapeutic actions. Modern formulators have a choice of choosing from the modern formulation bases (e.g.; vanishing cream base) or Ayurvedic bases (e.g.; cow ghee) while formulating an herbal product. Nonetheless, all such bases must conform to specifications of physico-chemical properties that have the potential to affect the efficacy/safety/stability of the product. In this study, we have compared the physical characteristics of a modern base (vanishing cream) with two Ayurvedic bases (clarified butter fat -cow ghee and Shata-dhauta-ghrita). Shata-dhautaghrita (SDG) is prepared by washing cow ghee 100 times with water and is prescribed for treatment of wounds, burns etc. All three bases were evaluated for their pH, viscosity, spreadability, organoleptic properties, globule size, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, ester value, iodine value and free fatty acids. It was found that while cow ghee and vanishing cream base had comparable characteristics, SDG exhibits a much less degree of unsaturation (suggesting better physico-chemical stability) and better consistency (and hence suitability for topical applications). The paper also suggests the possible mechanism for improvement of these characteristics in the process of conversion of cow ghee to SDG. It further suggests that SDG might be a potential candidate as a base for topical preparations, esp. for wounds and burns.
The aim of present investigation was to study the therapeutic potential of Honey, Daruhaldi and Shatdhaut ghrut and honey singly and in combination on experimental excision wound healing activity in rats. Excision wounds of about 500 mm2 and 2 mm depth were used for the study. Parameters studied were period of epithelization, rate of wound contraction and time required for 50% wound closure (CT-50). Rats treated with Honey + Daruhaldi combination showed better wound healing activity as compared to other test drugs. Effect of this combination on wound area was less as compared to povidone iodine. However effect of Honey + Daruhaldi & Povidone iodine were comparable in % wound contracture or % wound closure. In this Excision wound model shatdhaut Ghrut alone or in combination with Honey showed less wound healing activity as compared to povidone iodine. The improved wound healing potential and synergistic effect of Honey & Daruhaldi can be attributed to additive antioxidant potential of Honey and flavonoid moities in Daruhaldi combination showed better wound healing potential than Honey & Daruhaldi alone.
Darvhi ghrita is a herbal formulation containing cow's ghee and Berberis aristata as its main constituents. It is being tested in present study for its topical wound healing activity. The activity was studied in male wistar rats. In this study two wound models were studied viz. Incision wounds (for tensile strength) and Excision wound (To quantify wound contraction with histopathological evaluation). Treatment with Darvhi ghrita alone promoted wound contraction and reduced the time for closure showing good healing potential compared to marketed Framycetin sulphate cream (FSC) 1% w/w. The Histopathological studies reveal complete healing with test formulation showing better epithelization, fibrosis and angiogenesis. The present study demonstrates wound healing potential of test formulation.
The present study aims to evaluate the wound healing activity of a polyherbal formulation Hingvadya ghrita in rats. Incision wounds for tensile strength and excision wounds for wound contraction along with the histopathological examination of the regenerated tissue were employed to investigate the wound healing potential. Topical application of the test formulation alone promoted the tensile strength (incision wounds) and wound contraction (excision wounds) showing healing potential comparable to Framycetin sulphate cream (1% w/w). Histological examination reveal good keratinization, epithelization, fibrosis and collagenation indicative of the wound healing potential of Hingvadya ghrita. The present study thus offers a valuable insight into the claimed wound healing potential of the test formulation.
Rev. ed. of: Vogel's textbook of quantitative inorganic analysis. 4th. ed. 1978 Incluye bibliografía e índice
OBJECTIVE: To eavaluate the CNS activity of Bramhi Ghrita, a polyherbal formulation containing Bacopa monneri , Evolvulus alsinoids , Acorus calamus , Saussurea lappa and cow′s ghee. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of Bramhi Ghrita on motor coordination, behavior, sleep, convulsions, locomotion and analgesia was evaluated in mice using standard procedures. RESULTS: The formulation exhibited reduced alertness, spontaneous locomotor activity and reactivity. It also antagonized the behavioral effects of d-amphetamine, potentiated the pentobarbitone-induced sleep and increased the pain threshold. Bramhi Ghrita protected mice from maximum electroshock and pentylene tetrazole-induced convulsions. CONCLUSION: The Bramhi Ghrita was found to be a CNS depressant with anticonvulsant. activity