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Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Components That Explain Attitude toward Statistics
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to measure the students’ attitude towards statistics. It was necessary to define a
certain type of research subjects, so we chose higher education students from the economic-administrative and
engineering areas that were taking statistics as a subject in both, public and private universities located in Veracruz
- Boca del Rio metropolitan area. The instrument used was the Survey of Attitude towards Statistics (SATS), and
we applied it to a sample of 116 students. The statistical technique used was an exploratory factorial analysis with
an extracted principal component. The Statistics Hypothesis: Ho : ρ = 0 has no correlation, while Ha : ρ � 0
does. Statistics test to prove: χ2, Bartlett’s test of sphericity, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin), Measure of sampling
adequacy (MSA) with a significance level: α = 0.01; p < 0.01 Decision rule: Reject Ho if χ2 calculated > χ2
tabulated. The results obtained from the Bartlett’s test of sphericity, KMO (0.600), Chi square χ2 74.146 > χ2
tabulated, Sig. 0.00 < p0.01, MSA (USF 0.673; ANX 0.521; CNF 0.624; LIK 0.613 and MTV 0.523) provide
evidence to reject Ho. Global results point out that usefulness and anxiety are the most significant components
in measuring students’ perception towards statistics. Evidence obtained was enough to reject the null hypothesis,
thus we can infer that attitude can be measured based on the cognitive, affective and behavioral components.
... Where: Z 1 , Z 2 , … Z m are common factors 1 2 …… p are unique factors Thus, 1 2 …… p have influence in all variables X i ( i=1 ………p) ξ i influence in X i (i=1……..p) Model equations can be expressed in matrix form as follow: (2) Therefore, the resulting model can be expressed in a condensed form as: ...
... To validate the appropriateness of factorial model is necessary to design the sample correlation matrix R, from the data obtained. Also be performed prior hypothesis tests to determine the relevance of the factor model, that is, whether it is appropriate to analyze the data with this model [2,3]. A contrast to be performed is the Bartlett Test of Sphericity. ...
... Where: r ij (p) is the partial coefficient of the correlation between variables X i and X j in all the cases. The statistical procedure to measure data is an exploratory Factorial Analyze Model; therefore it was taken the procedure proposed by García-Santillán et al [2,3] and obtains the following matrix: ...
The aim of this paper focuses on showing how the factorial analysis and principal components analysis are useful for measuring latent variables in a concise way and safely as a help to building for new concepts and theories.
... Mandler (1989), Mc Leod & Adams (1989) have shown that poor academic performance in mathematics is an emotional problem. Fennema & Sherman (1976, 1978, Whitley (1979), García-Santillán, Moreno, Castro, Zamudio and Garduño (2012) have shown it to be attitudinal. In 1992, McLeod pointed out that attitude is placed somewhere in between beliefs and emotions. ...
... Finding the cause for poor academic performance in mathematics has been a recurring theme in different investigations. Some studies have shown that the problem is emotional (Mandler, 1989;Mc Leod & Adams, 1989) while other studies have shown it to be attitudinal (Fennema & Sherman, 1976, 1978Whitley, 1979;García-Santillán, Escalera & Córdova 2012;García-Santillán, Moreno, Castro, Zamudio & Garduño, 2012;Moreno, García-Santillán & Cristóbal, 2014) among others. These studies coincide that mathematics anxiety has a negative effect on students. ...
The aim of this research is to test whether anxiety toward mathematics is made up of a five-factor structure: anxiety toward evaluation, anxiety toward temporality, anxiety toward understanding of mathematical problems, anxiety toward numbers and operations, and anxiety toward mathematical situations in real life. Our study sample was formed of one thousand students from the Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos Industrial y de Servicios No. 15 in Veracruz City. The statistics technique used was structural equation modeling. The results of goodness of fit indices are meaningful when applied to students in High School Education, which indicates that the hypothetical model fits the theoretical model.
... Into the educational research, statistical level has justified the need to pay attention to students " attitude mainly because they have an important influence on the process of teaching and learning and the same way, the immediate academic performance (such as variable input and process). Also important argument exposed by Auzmendi [1], Gal & Ginsburg [6], Gal, Ginsburg & Schau [7] and García-Santillán et al, [8] about students " attitude statistic; they refer to as an essential component of the background of student with which, after its university training, may carry out academic and professional activities. In the same way Baloglu [9] made a study in order to compare, the mathematics anxiety and statistics anxiety in relation to general anxiety. ...
... Where: r ij (p) is the partial coefficient of the correlation between variables X i and X j in all the cases. The statistical procedure to measure data is an exploratory Factorial Analyze Model; therefore it was taken the procedure proposed by García-Santillán et al (2012) and obtains the following matrix: ...
This study aims to measure student’s attitude towards statistics through a model that considers the variables proposed by Auzmendi (1992). Was examined whether the constructs: usefulness, motivation, liking, confidence and anxiety have influence in the student's attitude towards statistics. Were surveyed 298 students at the Cristóbal Colón University using the questionnaire proposed by Auzmendi. Data analysis was performed by factorial analysis with an extracted principal component. The results obtained from the Bartlett test of Sphericity KMO (.648), Chi square X2 379.674 df 10, Sig. 0.00 < p 0.01, the value of each variable MSA (LIK .628; ANX .602; CNF .731; MTV .610 and USF .649 are within the acceptable value >0.50) All this provide evidence to reject Ho. Finally we obtained two factors: first one composed of three elements: usefulness, confidence, liking and other incorporates two elements: anxiety and motivation. The values of this last factor indicate if the student anxiety increased, decreased motivation and their explanatory power for each factor are expressed by their Eigenvalue 2.351 and 1.198 (with % variance 47.016 and 23.964 respectively, Total variance 71.08%)
... The estimated values of Cronbach's alpha for most of the factors are more than 0.7 which shows an acceptable level of reliability of factors and internal consistency among the respondents in the evaluation of observed variables. The Cronbach's alpha value of SN and TCC factors are also near to 0.7 (Garcia-Santillan et al., 2012). ...
Public Transport (PT) systems play an essential role in fulfilling the travel needs of the commuters’ specially in the urban settings. However, with varying attitudes, beliefs, and satisfaction levels of commuters, it is imperative to check if the current PT system is able to fulfill the needs of the commuters. In order to extract the underlaying factors which might affect the use of PT, a questionnaire survey was administrated in the city of Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. The intentions of the residents of the city were predicted using the theoretical backgrounds of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), based on their attitudes, Subjective Norms (SN), Perceived Behavioral Control, Moral and Environmental Concerns, Access by Public Transport (APT), and Travel Cost Consciousness (TCC), the intentions and public transport behavior (PT behavior) was predicted. The results of Personal Norm (PN) and Environmental Concern (EC) factor shows that respondents place high belief on moral obligations to protect environment and prefer using PT for traveling. The APT has a positive and significant estimate with PT behavior variable. The results of TCC factor depict that the traveler’s consciousness about cost and travel time elements of their journey would cause significant impact on their travel choices. The findings of this research study can offer valuable insights for the government as well as PT service operators for policy making in Kanazawa and other cities with similar socio-economic demographics in the country.
... The phytoplanktons are the dominant primary producer in the aquatic ecosystem, having a size of 40-80 µm (Arturo et al. 2012). Nanomaterials released in the aquatic environment can potentially interact with photoautotrophic organisms, thus hampering key ecological processes, particularly photosynthesis, which decreases primary productivity. ...
Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary field across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative solutions. The use of nanomaterials in industrial applications, medical products, and consumers has increased repeatedly over the last few years, and these applications will likely continue to grow. In an aquatic ecosystem, nanoparticles take entry through a direct route that includes industrial discharge, disposal of wastewater treatment effluents, and indirect runoff from the soil. After reaching the aquatic environment, the nanomaterials are highly affected by their backdrops and subsequently go through various conversions like agglomeration, aggregation, dissolution, sulfidation, etc. The fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the aquatic system not only depend on their physical-chemical properties but also on the pH, temperature, salinity, water hardness, and concentration of natural organic matter present in receiving water. In this review, emphasis has been given to the toxicological properties and potential risks of nanomaterials in terms of factors contributing to their toxicology, bioavailability, and accumulation in aquatic organisms as well as the environment. Furthermore, we summarize the published data on engineered nanoparticles’ effect on aquatic organisms. The issues related to the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles in the aquatic organism, their toxic effect, and biotransformation along with the food web are also discussed. Since nanomaterials are being increasingly released into aquatic bodies, it is important to pay greater attention to their toxicity and how it affects the aquatic ecosystem. The nanomaterials are bioavailable to plants, resulting in trophic transfer, and they impact other organisms through biomagnification, as discussed in this review. To close the enormous information gap, extensive research on the interactions and impacts of NPs on different species belonging to different trophic levels of the aquatic environment and the destiny of NPs along the food chain of the ecosystem is urgently needed.
... Even though it was noted that these assays are expensive and complicated to implement. It is worth noting that, compared with other methods such as MALDI-TOF and agglutination assays, using FTIR and chemometrics method for bacterial identification and differentiation is highly practical and strongly useful in labs in which labs FTIR device exist and it currently is used for chemical analysis 7,12,16,27,29 . It is strongly emphasized that there is still a considerable need for developing a rapid, cost-effective, sensitive and specific methods requiring simple equipment to discriminate Shigella species in food, water and clinical samples. ...
Shigellosis is one of the major public health concerns in developing and low-income countries caused by four species of Shigella. There is an apparent need to develop rapid, cost-effective, sensitive and specific methods for differentiation of Shigella species to be used in outbreaks and health surveillance systems. We developed a sensitive and specific Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based method followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) assays to differentiate four species of Shigella isolates from stool samples. The FTIR based method was evaluated by differentiation of 91 Shigella species from each other in clinical samples using both gold standards (culture-based and agglutination methods) and developed FTIR assay; eventually, the sensitivity and specificity of the developed method were calculated. In summary, four distinct FTIR spectra associated with four species of Shigella were obtained with wide variations in three definite regions, including 1800–1550 cm−1, 1550–1100 cm−1, and 1100–800 cm−1 distinguish these species from each other. In this study, we found the FTIR method followed by PCA analysis with specificity, sensitivity, differentiation error and correct differentiation rate values of 100, 100, 0 and 100%, respectively, for identification and differentiation of all species of the Shigella in stool samples.
... The concept of attitude is deeply rooted in the social sciences, particularly in sociology, but it is also widely used in economics [80]. Academics agree that attitude has a threeelement structure: affective (what one feels), cognitive (what one knows), and behavioural (what one does) [81][82][83]. The concept of attitude was used to develop Question 13 of the survey questionnaire, which is an indicator of the independent variable: "To what extent do DTPs influence the increase in quality and intensity of the relationships established by the company in which you perform your professional duties with all stakeholdersincluding mainly suppliers, contractors, distributors or customers?" ...
The subject matter addressed in the paper concerns digital technology platforms in the context of renewable energy sources. The main goal is to check whether digital technology platforms can be effective factors in implementing innovative business models in the RES sector. The study was based on empirical research using Computer-Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) and Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) methods, as well as on a model of attitudes towards digital technology platforms (DTPs) built using CATREG (categorical regression) analysis. As a result of the research, it was found that digital technology platforms contribute to building innovative business models. The decisive influence on this is a number of benefits for enterprises and consumers (and the related factor is the most important when it comes to attitudes towards DTP), as well as the high interest in digital RES platforms.
... The results of EFA are depicted in Table 2. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Value was 0.737, which is above the cut-off value of 0.50 as suggested by literature [71,72]. It indicates that data is suitable for factor detection. ...
Owing to the novelty and dynamism of mobile phone shopping behavior of adults within the context of contemporary social, technological, and market norms necessitated the need to study
this phenomenon frequently. In the same league, there is a pressing need to empirically examine the mobile shopping behavior of young adults in Pakistan. This paper examines the factors influencing
mobile phone shopping behavior within the context of young adults in Pakistan. First, a questionnaire�based survey consisting of a five-point Likert scale was conducted. A total of 416 respondents provided their complete responses. Then, we employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) model using AMOS 24 to empirically test the hypothesized model. The empirical results revealed that
price and attractiveness positively influence mobile phone buying behavior among young adults in Pakistan. On the other hand, Service Encounter, Convenience, Avoidance of Core Service Failure, and
Response have negative but statistically insignificant influences on mobile phone buying behavior in Pakistan. This finding revealed that the mobile shopping behavior of young Pakistani adults is
predominantly influenced by the price of mobile phones and their attractiveness. Therefore, it is highly recommended that companies need to offer affordable mobile phone prices. Additionally, the
attractiveness of the mobile phone needs to be maintained at competitive prices.
... The concept of attitude is deeply rooted in social sciencesparticularly sociology, but it is also widely used in economics [40]. Scholars agree that the attitude exhibits a three-component structure: affective (what you feel), cognitive (what you know) and behavioral (what you do) [41]. The concept of attitude was used in the formulation of the question, which is an indicator of an independent variable: Question 13. ...
The article focuses on issues relating to achieving sustainable development by promoting new consumption and production patterns based, for example, on sharing resources and doing business exclusively in a digital environment. This topic is extremely important because sustainable development is a fundamental concept aimed at improving the functioning of the present and future generations. The main focus of the article is to show the role played by digital technology platforms within this concept, including in relation to consumption and production patterns. The article is based on two research methods—CATI (i.e., computer-aided telephone interviews) and regression analysis for CATREG quality variables. It has been established that digital technology platforms significantly influence the creation and development of modern business models and increase the quality and intensity of relations between various company stakeholders, which is the basis for promoting new consumption and production patterns—including those based on the sharing economy, subscription to various products and services or the functioning of virtual markets, enabling purchase and sale transactions.
... In this article, we combine the drifting elders' cognition, affection, and conation (Hilgard 1980) into a dynamic and interactive process to explain their well-being. Cognition is a process that helps an organism to recognize and obtain information about a certain object, which includes perceiving, recognizing, conceiving, judging, and reasoning; affection is a feeling response to a certain object or idea, which includes feeling, emotion, mood, and temperament; conation is a kind of intrinsic unrest or a conscious tendency to act or strive for something, which includes impulse, desire, volition, and purposive striving (García-Santillán et al. 2012;Park et al. 2008;Snow et al. 1996). A "perception to action sequence" was termed by Arnold (1971), in which people perceive, appraise, emote, want, think, and then act. ...
China has experienced an increasing number of “drifting elderly” (elderly inter-province migrants because of non-employment reasons) due to urbanization and aging. Living in different environments, the elderly are susceptible to mental health problems. Thus we explore the well-being of the drifting elderly under the Chinese cultural context. According to the grounded theory approach, a qualitative study with 54 elderly inter-provincial migrant samples was conducted in Shanghai. Drawing from the “cognition, affection, and conation” theory and the migration theory, we built a framework for the drifting elderly’s well-being, including the impact factors (motivation, adaption pressure, and personality), well-being status (subjective well-being, psychological well-being, and social well-being), and consequences (future plan). Implications and future research directions are discussed.
... Only after these types of links within the supply chain are reputable, blockchain will be possible to make a valuation of the type info flows replaced within these suppliers to automotive manufacturer relations (Gregory & Noto, 2018). Luckily there is a reasonable amount of research by this time done on this topic (Garcia-Santillan et al., 2012). ...
Abstract-This paper describes a summary of info flows and technology, allowing the supply chain within the automotive industry. The supply base of many motorized manufacturers is being restructured, with great consequence for the way dealers connect with their automotive partners. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is by far the most common communication technique used in automotive manufacturing, though new approaches are used as well. All these methods and how they support the information flows are explained in more detail. Companies attempt to companies are trying to find ways to recover their elasticity and responsiveness and in turn competitiveness by changing their
operations plan, methods and skills that include the implementation of Supply Chain Management (SCM) paradigm. Hence, Blockchain can enhance the agility of SCM. However, blockchain's impact on
SCM is not equivalent. In this paper, we specify the areas that are blockchain effects on the automotive supply chain and evaluate it.
Keyword: Supply chain management, suppliers, information flows, blockchain, the automotive industry
... When considering the structure of attitudes, a dominant way of thinking of evaluations as consisting of three components affect, cognition and behaviorhas been a guiding force for much of century (Pretty et al., 2008). Garcia et al., (2012) agreed with Schan et al., (1995) in that structured attitude into four components or dimensions: cognitive, as the perception of one's capacity for knowledge and thinking skills; the value, as the usefulness, the relevance and perceived value in common life, personally and professionally, and finally the component of difficulty, which focuses on the perception as a subject. ...
It was noted recently that there is a clear attitude towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector generally. Actually, there are many reasons that led to this disinclination. So, this research aims to study beliefs and attitudes of individuals towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. Also, knowledge the motives and reasons for real attitude to work in this sector and whether there were extremist religious beliefs or employees’ feeling of unsafe to work in this sector recently. So, the researchers concentrate on three hypotheses as follows: there is a clear attitude towards not working in The Egyptian tourism sector; there is a positive relationship between religious beliefs and work in The Egyptian tourism sector; finally, there is a positive relationship between feeling of unsafe and work in The Egyptian tourism sector.
To achieve the results, the researchers designed attitude scale to measure reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. The scale applied on 162 samples distributed on workers in the public and private sectors in Cairo, Minia, Assiut, Fayoum and Sohag governorates, who have/have not previously worked in the tourism and hospitality field.
The study discovered that there are clear attitudes towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian Tourism Sector, personnel feeling unsafe and limit indicators about bad beliefs towards working in tourism field.
So, the study recommends establishing policies and rules to protect tourism employees and increase awareness about the importance of tourism field.
Keywords: Reluctance to work, Attitudes, Egyptian Tourism Sector.
... Hogg and Vaughan (cited in Melhim & Rahman, 2009, p. 1) define attitude as 'a mental and neural state of readiness organised through experience exerting a directive or dynamic influence upon the individual's response to all objects and situations with which it is related', while Eagly and Chaiken (cited in Melhim & Rahman, 2009, p. 2) state that attitude is 'a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor.' 'Attitude forms a part of one's perception of self, of others, and of the culture in which one is living' (Brown, 2000, p. 180) and it determines the personal and behavioural intention (Garcia-Santillan, et al., 2012). ...
This study surveyed the attitudes of primary and lower secondary school teachers in Muak Lek and Wang Muang districts of Basic Education Service Area Office 2, Saraburi province, toward the English language, and examined the significant difference between male and female teachers’ attitudes toward English and the significant difference between those with 1-4 years and those with more than 20 years of teaching experience. A modified 20-item attitude survey adapted from Gardner’s (1985) Attitude/Motivation Test Battery (AMTB) was administered to 203 primary and lower secondary school teachers in Muak Lek and Wang
Muang districts, Saraburi province. The data was analysed using MINITAB version 16, and the significance of differences between means was analysed using Two-Sample T-test. The findings of the study revealed that the attitude of the primary and lower secondary school teachers toward the English language was slightly positive. The study also showed that there was no significant difference between male and female teachers’ attitudes, and no significant difference in the teachers’ attitudes between those with 1-4 years of teaching
experience and those with more than 20 years of teaching experience.
... It is concerned with the likelihood of undertaking specific actions or behaving in a particular way with regard to an object (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2009). Behavioral component relates to the expressions of behavioral intention or action or the tendency to act in a specific way ( Garcia-Santillan et al., 2012). It may often include the actual behavior itself. ...
... Worse than that, there are even clinical states identified as " math anxiety " (Ashcraft, 2002; Geist, 2010; Meece, Wigfield and Eccles, 1990) and " statistics anxiety " (Chew and Dillon, 2014; Onwuegbuzie and Wilson, 2003; Zeidner, 1991 ), with their own form of diagnoses, etiology and treatment. These conditions have been reported in Mexico (Garcia-Santillan, Moreno- Garcia, Carlos-Castro, Zamudio-Abdala and Garduño-Trejo, 2012; Tyteca, Parrilla and Mar tinez, 2013), and extend to undergraduates in mathematics and related areas (Cardoso Espi nosa, 2012; Escalera-Chavez, Garcia-Santillan and Venegas-Martinez, 2013; Espinosa, Lopez and Mercado, 2012), where also students who have chosen this area of knowledge struggle with learning. Personal suffering is not the only consequence of math learning problems. ...
Problems with mathematics learning, “math anxiety” or “statistics anxiety” among university students can be avoided by using teaching strategies and technological tools. Besides personal suffering, low achievement in mathematics reduces terminal efficiency and decreases enrollment in careers related to science, technology and mathematics. This paper has two main goals: 1) to offer an organized inventory of open access web resources for math learning in higher education, and 2) to explore to what extent these resources are currently known and used by students and teachers. The first goal was accomplished by running a search in Google and then classifying resources. For the second, we conducted a survey among a sample of students (n=487) and teachers (n=60) from mathematics and engineering within the largest public university in Mexico. We categorized 15 high-quality web resources. Most of them are interactive simulations and computer algebra systems. ResumenLos problemas en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, como “ansiedad matemática” y “ansiedad estadística” pueden evitarse si se usan estrategias de enseñanza y herramientas tecnológicas. Además de un sufrimiento personal, el bajo rendimiento en matemáticas reduce la eficiencia terminal y decrementa la matrícula en carreras relacionadas con ciencia, tecnología y matemáticas. Este artículo tiene dos objetivos: 1) ofrecer un inventario organizado de recursos web de acceso abierto para aprender matemáticas en la universidad, y 2) explorar en qué medida estos recursos se usan actualmente entre alumnos y profesores. El primer objetivo se logró con un perfil de búsqueda en Google y una clasificación. Para el segundo, se condujo una encuesta en una muestra de estudiantes (n=487) y maestros (n=60) de matemáticas e ingeniería de la universidad más grande de México. Categorizamos 15 recursos web de alta calidad. La mayoría son simulaciones interactivas y sistemas de álgebracomputacional.
... Only a few studies have reported positive pre-to-post-course changes in affective learning constructs (e.g., Harlow, Burkholder & Morrow, 2002;Schau, 2000). Other studies have reported either no changes (e.g., Green, 1993) or negative changes (e.g., Schau, 2003). ...
Introduction: The study investigated the degree to which students' statistical reasoning abilities, statistics self-efficacy, and perceived value of statistics improved during a reform based introductory statistics course. The study also examined whether the changes in these learning outcomes differed with respect to the students' mathematical background and perceived teacher support. Method: Ninety-six first-year university students enrolled in an introductory statistics course were assessed both at the beginning and at the end of the course. Results: The results showed that the students' statistical reasoning abilities and statistics selfefficacy significantly increased during the course. However, no significant changes were observed in their perceived value of statistics. The improvements in the students' statistical reasoning abilities were independent of their mathematical background or perceived teacher support. Larger positive changes in statistics self-efficacy were observed for students with favorable perceived teacher support. Conclusions: This study concludes that students can attain important content related course goals in reformed statistics course regardless of their mathematics background. The attainment of other learning goals, particularly that of self- and value beliefs about statistics; however, are susceptible to teachers' support and encouragement.
The Effect of the Pandemic (COVID-19) on Consumers’ Attitudes towards Online Shopping
Consumer satisfaction is necessary for a smart grid utility to succeed in the marketplace. The concerns about the power supply must work on consumer satisfaction and well-practiced methods to pinpoint problems. Many interrelated tasks are necessary for grid management and must be completed to form a successful power grid. This study employs structural equation modelling (SEM) to develop and validate a novel model for enhancing service quality through smart grid sector in India. All consumers in the smart grid are connected via a questionnaire to discover how the scope of the power efficiency and its impact on the overall quality. To convey respondents opinions about service quality provided by the consumer of power industry, we distributed 400 questionnaires and obtained 265 responses, including 204 responses from the residential consumers, 23 responses from the agricultural consumers, and 38 responses from industrial consumers. This analysis will assist managers and administrators in determining the service quality of smart grid. The SEM is a factor analysis technique which is utilised for both confirmatory and exploratory analysis. Furthermore, it has been tested and validated by some goodness-of-fit indicators within the service model. This study finds a causal relationship between smart grid service with the dimensions of technology, consumer orientation, and economic performance.
The article attempts to identify emotions displayed by university teachers towards the adoption of e-learning solutions in the academic environment. The article is divided into four main parts. Part one is a description of one of the key components of human attitude, which is emotions. The second part describes the research methodology and defines the original research tool, which was used to measure the emotions manifested by academic staff in the use of e-learning. The third part is the analysis of the research results, which presents detailed summaries of each aspect of e-learning. The final section summarizes the research findings and makes recommendations for higher education institutions in the field of distance learning in an the academic community.
Online learning platforms take over a new role in education, especially in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. This paper will discuss pre-service teachers’ reflections on attitudes towards online learning platforms and the respective changes due to an online training of using this digital tool in mathematics classes. The special training took place in a bachelor seminar with fourteen participants on the use of digital media in mathematics education at the University of Siegen. Based on the ‘Tripartite Model of Attitude Structure’ which defines the psychological concept of attitude, data material about the pre-service teachers’ attitudes is gathered by pre- and post-reflection-questionnaires. A qualitative content analysis led to the formation of a system of six main categories and approximately 51 descriptors for pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards online learning platforms and especially their changes due to the online training of using these platforms. The descriptors can be a basis for further research studies on this topic.
The study tackled the impact of the attitudes of individuals in organizations toward organizational change. Organizational change has become one of the most important issues that concern organizations. The change is the only constant in the work of organizations. The organization is an open system imposed on it to ensure its stability and growth. Light of the opportunities and challenges of the environment in which it is active. The importance of research is based on its theoretical and applied content on the subject of organizational change and its impact on the objectives of the organization. In this research, we address the theoretical and philosophical framework of the subjects of individuals' attitudes and organizational change. The fact that the individual working in the organization is a fundamental part of the organization is part of the objectives of the organization. On the influential role of individual attitudes towards organizational change. The research included a group of employees at various administrative levels. The data and data were collected through a questionnaire prepared for this purpose. The data were processed using computerized statistical methods. The research came out with a set of conclusions and recommendations that answer the research questions and hypotheses, which states: What are the dimensions of variation in attitudes taken by individuals in the face of organizational change?
Purpose: The aim of the article is to present an innovative model for measuring attitudes towards digital technology platforms.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Such a model, based on a sample of 120 Polish companies, was developed as a result of research conducted in 2019. When building the model, a regression analysis of qualitative variables was applied, which involves predicting the values of specific variables. A top-down method was applied in this respect. In addition, an alternative version of the developed model was proposed.
Findings: The construction of the model made it possible to prove that the factor which most strongly influences the attitudes of the management staff of Polish enterprises towards digital technology platforms is an economic factor (i.e., financial benefits associated with the use of such platforms). Furthermore, space for further research was created, including with regard to company structure, the industry in which it operates and the number of employees working there as correlates of attitudes towards digital technology platforms.
Originality/value: The article discusses an innovative model for measuring attitudes towards digital technology platforms.
Purpose
This research seeks to develop a model to predict repurchase intention based on the modified theory of planned behavior (TPB).
Design/methodology/approach
This research is quantitative study involving 150 respondents from five major cities in Indonesia. Data were collected using a questionnaire. Data analysis used confirmatory factor analysis–structural equation modeling (CFA–SEM).
Findings
The research instrument and the proposed model were fit. However, health belief was not proven to have a significant impact on attitude. The perceived behavioral control (PBC) also did not significantly affect repurchase intention.
Research limitations/implications
Future research that utilizes TPB should incorporate emotional belief as part of the attitude variable.
Practical implications
In the designing and marketing process, managers of herbal teas companies should consider the health benefits of their products and the feeling of joy it might incite.
Originality/value
The TPB was initially constructed from three variables: subjective norm, attitude and perceived behavioral control (PBC). Unlike previous research, this study considered cognitive and emotional beliefs as the factors that affected attitude.
Humans are faced with industrial advances based on science and technology to meet the needs of human life and solve problems from related issues based on scientific literacy skills. This study aims to describe students' scientific literacy skills which include aspects of knowledge, aspects of competence, aspects of cognitive, and aspects of the context of junior high school students aged 15 years. This research is a quantitative descriptive analysis research. The instrument used to determine scientific literacy skills was a scientific literacy test consisting of 20 multiple choice questions. The science literacy test was validated by two expert lecturers at the State University of Surabaya and one science teacher at State Junior High School of 32 Surabaya. The research also aims to describe the correlation of scientific attitudes to scientific literacy skills. The instrument used was a response questionnaire with 20 yes and no questions. The results showed that the value of the knowledge aspect was 60.57%, the competency aspect was 60.60%, the cognitive aspect was 59.9%, and the context aspect was 60.19%. Scientific literacy skills can be improved by refraction,strategies, and appropriate learning methods. Teachers need to provide access to learning resources from various literary sources, including browsing information via the internet. Students need to be trained to be literate, hone critical and creative thinking, be competent in making decisions to solve problems, and communicate systematically.
Most of the SMEs Ulap Doyo woven cloth craftsmen in East Kalimantan, especially in Kutai Kartanegara and Samarinda have not provided packaging for their products. The purpose of this research is to get people's preference for Ulap Doyo woven cloth packaging. The method used is kansei engineering, a method that translates the emotion or psychological in the design of the product. The results obtained are (1) The factors that influence people's preferences in choosing Ulap Doyo woven fabric packaging products are: production / materials with a variance of 30,001%, emotional appeal with a variance of 15.298%, finishing with a variance of 12.124% and design with a variance of 11.179%. (2) kansei society of Ulap Doyo woven cloth packaging products is proud, beautiful, simple, unique, machine-printed, bold, contrast, shiny and smooth. (3) preferred design category: packaging material: thickness, shape: not an ordinary box (symmetrical), but can be a triangular prism or a modification of a box (asymmetrical box), color: dark neutral (black) and warm color physic (red) and finishing
The main focus of this paper is on a training program for telephone skills that was conducted at the end of January 2019 in a local hotel in Jordan. Depending on the philosophy of this study, choosing a qualitative investigation is appropriate because it examines the informers' position of behaviours and experiences being studied (Dawson, 2002). The research suggests that a limited amount of training program evaluation has a limited impact on performance improvements. A case-study approach was conducted in this evaluation. Besides, the data used for this study is primary in nature, as it reflects the participants' observations (Saunders, Lewis, and Thornhill, 2007) and is based on the subjective qualitative research approach (Greener, 2008). The data collected were based on interviews taken from ten employees and the human resources manager (HRM) of the hotel. According to HRM view, it has been found that the telephone skills training program did have an impact of change mainly on the front office employees. Furthermore, it has been found that training has a sustainable effect and was a motivation by itself for the employees. However, learning processes which were addressed in literature were not considered in this program. Therefore, limited impact on performance and culture was identified. This evaluation attempt is an introduction for future research associated with training programs within the local hotel industry in Jordan.
In this article, we examine the issue of Polish entrepreneurs' attitudes towards knowledge workers above the age of 65 in the context of pro-social and citizenship behavior. The article was written as part of the diversity management paradigm. Firstly, it presents the existing literature on the subject, and then, we present our analysis on the results of a longitudinal study conducted among 93 entrepreneurs, owners, and co-owners of small and medium enterprises, during 2014 and 2019. During this time, legal regulation took place twice, extending and then shortening the period of obligatory work enabling employees to acquire the right to retire. The study was carried out using a specially developed questionnaire, whose reliability met the requirements of methodological correctness and two other research tools. Positive, neutral and negative attitudes were identified among entrepreneurs' attitudes towards knowledge workers aged 65+. The research results show a correlation between the attitudes of entrepreneurs in 2014 and 2019, stabilization of these attitudes (in relation positive, neutral and negative attitudes), and their particularly significant relationship with organization-oriented citizenship behavior.
Certain types of blockchains were made and developed for various purposes. Despite the development of cohort systems, the blockchain needs more development from the perspective of Malaysia. In addition, blockchain is the only cryptographic block currency that improves retail marketing. This study has critically analyzed the variables of the current research Framework of the blockchain implementation in retail market. Thus, this study aims to implement blockchain in retail market for increaseing customer benefits in order to improve the retail industrial supply chain activities. In order to achieve the main aim, this study comprises of two main phases, which are theorietical study, developemnt of proposed blockchain factors and its implementation. The blockchain experience of variables, blockchain management, blockchain transaction policy, blockchain adaption and implications were discussed gradually. Finally, we demonstrate the underlying theory, the theoretical framework and the hypotheses were discussed in detail.
Resumen Este artículo versa sobre un estudio empírico acerca de la actitud de la población escolar hacia la modalidad lingüística andaluza en diferentes situaciones comunicativas. Para ello elaboramos tres instrumentos de medición de la actitud hacia diferentes usos morfológicos de esta modalidad lingüística según las posibilidades de variación diafásica formal, estándar e informal y recurrimos a una muestra de 460 informantes distribuidos entre 11 centros de enseñanza media. Estas variables fueron contrastadas con otras variables dependientes como son el conocimiento morfológico de la modalidad lingüística andaluza y la actitud hacia la misma. Además, contrastamos los resultados con diferentes variables sociodemográficas. Estos resultados demostraron que la mayoría de los sujetos asocia los usos que presupone característicos de la modalidad lingüística andaluza a situaciones comunicativas informales y descarta estos usos en contextos formales, especialmente los sujetos con menor nivel de conocimiento lingüístico, lo que ha motivado posibles diseños de intervención pedagógica.
Undergraduate students' statistics engagement plays a vital role in their performance in introductory statistics courses. Self-efficacy and attitudes towards statistics were claimed to influence students' engagement. Accordingly, this study investigated the influence of self-efficacy and attitudes towards statistics on undergraduate students' statistics engagement in a Malaysian public university. This study was conducted on first year students from various fields of study enrolled in an introductory statistics course. A random sample of 293 students were selected to participate in the survey. Descriptive analysis revealed that both students' statistics engagement and self-efficacy were moderate, while their attitudes towards statistics were positive. Correlation analysis indicated that statistics engagement was significantly related to self-efficacy and attitudes towards statistics. Furthermore, multiple linear regression analysis showed that self-efficacy and attitudes towards statistics are significant predictors of statistics engagement and explained half of its' variation. Attitudes towards statistics had a greater influence on statistics engagement than self-efficacy for these students. These findings affirmed that self-efficacy and attitudes towards statistics influenced students' statistics engagement. In essence, having high self-efficacy and positive attitudes towards statistics will help stduents to be highly engaged in their learning to perform better in statistics course.
Students in universities being an important part of responses to reduce environmental problems and bear profound responsibilities to increase the awareness to create on environmentally sustainable future. The study focuses on the naturalistic intelligences from one of Multiple Intelligences Theory by Howard Gardner. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between naturalistic intelligence with environmental awareness on graduate students at University of Indonesia. In this study, naturalistic intelligence is the independent variable while environmental awareness is the dependent variable. The students who were selected randomly will be given a questionnaire as a research instrument. Afterward, a correlation analysis was conducted with Spearmann test. This study shows that environmental science students had high naturalistic intelligence and good environmental awareness. The analysis shows that there is a strength and significant correlation between the naturalistic intelligence with environmental awareness among graduate students with the value of coefision correlation is 0,754. The students who interest in flora and fauna, understanding the environmental problems, enjoy outdoor activities, have scientific hobbies and concern to the change of environmental will also have a high awareness of the environment. The naturalistic intelligence of the students possess also develops a positive attitude toward the environment and directs the students to have a pro-environmental behavior.
This study investigates the effect of achievement in statistics to students' attitude toward statistics using the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS).Attitude toward statistics is obtained by means of a statistics attitude scale, and achievement in statistics is assessed by the midterm exam grades of the students. For fuzzy clustering membership function is selected to be triangular and subtractive clustering is used. As a result of clustering, three fuzzy clusters are obtained for statistical achievement, which are named unsuccessful/ moderate/successful. The model established from ANFIS showed that the attitude of students receiving low achievement grades in statistics is negative and that attitude is more positive as the achievement increases. This study also showed that fuzzy methods are used successfully in social sciences.
It was noted recently that there is a clear attitude towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector generally. Actually, there are many reasons that led to this disinclination. So, this research aims to study beliefs and attitudes of individuals towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. Also, knowledge the motives and reasons for real attitude to work in this sector and whether there were extremist religious beliefs or employees' feeling of unsafe to work in this sector recently. So, the researchers concentrate on three hypotheses as follows: there is a clear attitude towards not working in The Egyptian tourism sector; there is a positive relationship between religious beliefs and work in The Egyptian tourism sector; finally, there is a positive relationship between feeling of unsafe and work in The Egyptian tourism sector. To achieve the results, the researchers designed attitude scale to measure reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. The scale applied on 162 samples distributed on workers in the public and private sectors in Cairo, Minia, Assiut, Fayoum and Sohag governorates, who have/have not previously worked in the tourism and hospitality field. The study discovered that there are clear attitudes towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian Tourism Sector, personnel feeling unsafe and limit indicators about bad beliefs towards working in tourism field. So, the study recommends establishing policies and rules to protect tourism employees and increase awareness about the importance of tourism field.
It was noted recently that there is a clear attitude towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector generally. Actually, there are many reasons that led to this disinclination. So, this research aims to study beliefs and attitudes of individuals towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. Also, knowledge the motives and reasons for real attitude to work in this sector and whether there were extremist religious beliefs or employees' feeling of unsafe to work in this sector recently. So, the researchers concentrate on three hypotheses as follows: there is a clear attitude towards not working in The Egyptian tourism sector; there is a positive relationship between religious beliefs and work in The Egyptian tourism sector; finally, there is a positive relationship between feeling of unsafe and work in The Egyptian tourism sector. To achieve the results, the researchers designed attitude scale to measure reluctance to work in The Egyptian tourism sector. The scale applied on 162 samples distributed on workers in the public and private sectors in Cairo, Minia, Assiut, Fayoum and Sohag governorates, who have/have not previously worked in the tourism and hospitality field. The study discovered that there are clear attitudes towards reluctance to work in The Egyptian Tourism Sector, personnel feeling unsafe and limit indicators about bad beliefs towards working in tourism field. So, the study recommends establishing policies and rules to protect tourism employees and increase awareness about the importance of tourism field.
The aim of the paper is to investigate the main factors influencing the adoption and continuous utilization of statistical software among university social sciences students in Slovenia. Based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), a conceptual model was derived where five external variables were taken into account: statistical software self-efficacy, computer attitude, statistics anxiety, statistics learning self-efficacy, and statistics learning value. The model was applied to the purposive sample of 387 university social sciences students in Slovenia who have been introduced to IBM SPSS Statistics during statistics courses. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that all external variables considered in the model directly or indirectly affect the behavioural intention to use statistical software and are therefore relevant for our study. The most influential factors are found to be statistics anxiety and statistics learning value. The latter one plays a central role in our extended TAM, as its impact is stronger when compared with other external variables. The findings from our empirical study are useful for statistics educators. The recommendations proposed can improve the educational process in order to strengthen students’ attitudes towards statistics and to decrease the level of statistics anxiety.
Full text available at: http://www.iserjournals.com/journals/eurasia/articles/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00652a
This study aims to measure student's attitude towards statistics through a model that considers the variables proposed by Auzmendi (1992). Was examined whether the constructs: usefulness, motivation, likeness, confidence and anxiety influence the student's attitude towards statistics. Were surveyed face to face 328 students at the Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes using the questionnaire proposed by Auzmendi. The statistical procedure used was factorial analysis with an extracted principal component. The Statistics Hypothesis: Ho: ρ = 0 has no correlation, while Ha: ρ ≠ 0 does. Statistics test to prove: Χ 2 , Bartlett " s test of sphericity, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer_Olkin) Significance level: α = 0.05; p < 0.01 The results obtained from the sphericity test of Bartlett KMO (0.592), Chi square X 2 390.552 df 10, Sig. 0.00 < p 0.01, MSA (Usefulness 0.656, Motivation 0.552, Likeness 0.705, Confidence 0.633 and Anxiety 0.507). With all this we obtained significant evidence in order to reject Ho. Finally we obtained two factors that explain attitude toward statistic in college students: One of them is composed by three elements: Confidence (.852), Likeness (.818) and Usefulness (.768) and the other is composed by two elements: Anxiety (.837) and Motivation (.800). Their explanatory power for each factor is expressed by their Eigenvalue: 2.170 and 1.383 (with % variance 43.39 and 27.67 respectively, Total variance explained 71.05%).
This study investigates faculty of education students’ computer self-efficacy beliefs and their attitudes towards computers and implementing computer supported education. This study is descriptive and based on a correlational survey model. The final sample consisted of 414 students studying in the faculty of education of a Turkish university. The results show that male students have higher computer self-efficacy beliefs; major and class level variables do not affect students' computer attitudes and self-efficacies; students who have their own PC have more positive computer attitudes and higher computer self-efficacies; and the time spent on a computer each day and computer experience are correlated with computer attitudes and self-efficacies.
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La evaluación de las actitudes en el ámbito educativo ha sido utilizada como herramienta para prevenir la pérdida de asignaturas y la deserción académica. El objetivo del estudio es realizar el análisis psicométrico del instrumento Actitudes hacia las Matemáticas con el Modelo de Respuesta Graduada de Samejima (MRG). Se contó con una muestra total de 944 estudiantes de primeros semestres de diferentes carreras universitarias. Se realizó el análisis a partir de la TCT y se ajustó el modelo MRG. Se estimaron y analizaron los parámetros de los ítems y se encontró que la mayoría se ajustan al modelo. En conclusión, se encuentra que la escala cuenta con adecuadas propiedades psicométricas. Finalmente, se presentan las bondades del uso del MRG para la evaluación de actitudes.
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This study aims to identify the barriers to success in statistics using exploratory factor analysis and regression modelling techniques. Students from a broad spectrum of specialities in universities take statistics as a course, the majority of them with poor mathematical background. A questionnaire was administered to 394 respondents in the faculty of management sciences at a university in South Africa. The study identified 6 factors namely disadvantaged background, cognitive capacity, access to resources, support structures, content difficulty and value of statistics as barriers to success in statistics. The factors disadvantaged background and cognitive capacity are classified as situational barriers. The factors access to resources and support structures are classified as organisational barriers. The factors access to resources and support structures are classified as organisational barriers. Regression modelling techniques reveals that factor cognitive capacity is influenced by the number of times a student has repeated statistics and the levels obtained in the mathematics in Grade 12 (Matriculation).
DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n3p234
In this study, we examined whether the constructs of usefulness, motivation, likeness, confidence, and anxiety influence the student's attitude towards statistics. Two hundred ninety eight students enrolled in the private university were surveyed by using the questionnaire proposed by Auzmendi (1992). Data analysis was done by structural equation model AMOS software. The results support the model proposed by Auzmendi of five factors, however the data reveal that there exists an alternative model (CFI = 0.907) that best fits the proposed model (CFI = 0.885). Furthermore, of the 25 indicators proposed only 22 have an acceptable range and two of the indicators (Items 9 and 2) should be considered in the construct of anxiety and usefulness respectively.
The aim of this research was to measure anxiety toward mathematics on Jr. High School students from Tuxtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. It was utilized the Muñoz and Mato (2007) (Note 1) anxiety scale to analyze five dimensions of anxiety, anxiety toward: evaluation, temporality, understanding problems, number operations and math situations of real life. 509 questionnaires were random applied face to face to boys and girls students of all high school's degrees. The statistical procedure utilized was the factorial analysis with principal component extracted. Results obtained allow us to know that variables related to the understanding of mathematical problems and evaluation have the biggest contribution to explain variance of the phenomenon studied.
In this study was examined whether the constructs: usefulness, motivation, likeness, confidence and anxiety influence the student's attitude towards statistics. Were surveyed 326 students in the public university using the questionnaire proposed by Auzmendi (1992). Data analysis was performed by structural equation model AMOS software. The results do not support the model proposed by Auzmendi of five components. The results suggest that the data are adjusted to only two components, namely: likeness and confidence. About global adjusted of model, the quality measures of absolute fit show: Chi-square statistic (15.123, df = 8 probability level=0.057) is significant, and all indexes showed a satisfactory fit. The values of GFI (0.985), AGFI (0.960) and RMSA (.052) are satisfactory because their values tend to 1 and are > of .5. The attitude towards statistics on students in the Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes, is a friendly attitude, which reveals that on this institution the subject Statistics is focused towards the practical application.
DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n1p569
This study aims to measure student’s attitude towards statistics through a model that considers the variables proposed by Auzmendi (1992). Was examined whether the constructs: usefulness, motivation, likeness, confidence and anxiety influence the student's attitude towards statistics. Were surveyed face to face 328 students at the Universidad Politécnica de Aguascalientes using the questionnaire proposed by Auzmendi. The statistical procedure used was factorial analysis with an extracted principal component. The Statistics Hypothesis: Ho: ρ = 0 has no correlation, while Ha: ρ ≠ 0 does. Statistics test to prove: Χ2, Bartlett‟s test of sphericity, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer_Olkin) Significance level: α = 0.05; p < 0.01 The results obtained from the sphericity test of Bartlett KMO (0.592), Chi square X2, 390.552 df 10, Sig. 0.00 < p 0.01, MSA (Usefulness 0.656, Motivation 0.552, Likeness 0.705, Confidence 0.633 and Anxiety 0.507). With all this we obtained significant evidence in order to reject Ho. Finally we obtained two factors that explain attitude toward statistic in college students: One of them is composed by three elements: Confidence (.852), Likeness (.818) and Usefulness (.768) and the other is composed by two elements: Anxiety (.837) and Motivation (.800). Their explanatory power for each factor is expressed by their Eigenvalue: 2.170 and 1.383 (with % variance 43.39 and 27.67 respectively, Total variance explained 71.05%).
Students in majors that do not require a math or statistics course are often unbelievers in the value and power of statistics. If statistical educators are to serve the quantitative needs of these students, they must be evangelists to non-believers rather than being ministers to believers; they must focus on statistical literacy rather on statistical competence. They must be called to help students see the value of statistics in everyday situations; they must measure teaching effectiveness based more on improvements in students' attitudes toward statistics than in students' knowledge of statistics.
La importancia de las actitudes en el aprendizaje de la Matemática-Estadística ha sido reconocida en la literatura a través de diversos trabajosempíricos que las relacionan. No obstante, en las concepciones acerca de las actitudes se la identifica comoparte del dominio afectivo. En este trabajo hacemos una revisión acerca de las concepciones predominantessobre la afectividad y las actitudes en la educación y, presentamos una propuesta que ubica las actitudes dentrode un modelo de aprendizaje de la Matemática-Estadística. Este modelo nos permite brindar una definiciónde las actitudes, que resulta más útil para explicar diversos resultados de la literatura, así como para el trabajoeducativo, al reconocer que esta se organiza en el plano de las representaciones, considerando los dominioscognitivo, afectivo y conativo, y que determina aprendizajes a través de procedimientos productivos, emotivosy volitivos, elaborados a través de información psíquica; y a su vez al reconocer que los aprendizajespueden mediar como información social futura para la estabilidad o no de la actitud.
Publicado en la revista "Estadística Española"
Acceso abierto en la web de la revista
https://www.ine.es/ss/Satellite?L=0&c=INERevEstad_C&p=1254735226759&cid=1259925026422&pagename=ProductosYServicios%2FPYSLayout
While many teachers of statistics are likely to focus on transmitting knowledge, many students are likely to have trouble with statistics due to non-cognitive factors, such as negative attitudes or beliefs towards statistics. Such factors can impede learning of statistics, or hinder the extent to which students will develop useful statistical intuitions and apply what they have learned outside the classroom. This paper reviews the role of affect and attitudes in the learning of statistics, critiques current instruments for assessing attitudes and beliefs of students, and explores assessment methods teachers can use to gauge students' dispositions regarding statistics.
Purpose Students' attitudes and beliefs can impede (or assist) learning statistics, and may affect the extent to which students will develop useful statistical thinking skills and apply what they have learned outside the classroom. This chapter alerts educators to the importance of assessing student attitudes and beliefs regarding statistics, describes and evaluates different methods developed to assess where students stand in this regard, provides suggestions for using and extending existing assessments, and outlines future research and instructional needs.
This study examined the extent to which statistics and mathematics anxiety, attitudes toward mathematics and statistics, motivation and mathematical aptitude can explain the achievement of Arabic speaking pre-service teachers in introductory statistics. Complete data were collected from 162 pre-service teachers enrolled in an academic teacher-training program for elementary and middle schools in Israel. The data, except for the two achievement tests, were collected during statistics classes prior to the midterm examination. The majority (96%) of participants were female students with a mean age of 21. As regards variables examined in this study, only the hypothesized effect of mathematical aptitude on achievement in statistics was relatively large. The results also indicated that mathematical aptitude, mathematics anxiety, attitudes toward mathematics and statistics, and motivation, together accounted for 36% of the variance in achievement in introductory statistics for the current sample.
Combining the efforts of sociologists and psychologists, this work, originally published in 1952 and revised in 1966, embraces these two disciplines to show how social-psychological problems must be viewed in individual as well as general terms. Human interaction is, therefore, the main theme of this authoritative and rewarding volume, which offers a more comprehensive viewpoint than texts written from with a strictly psychological or a strictly sociological approach. Whenever it can be shown that interaction intervenes between individual and group variables, the authors carefully note the manner in which this occurs. Well written yet succinct, the chapters are closely integrated to present continuously developing concepts of the time. Research illustrations are set off typographically but skilfully woven into the related text. Three appendixes, one on the measurement of individual attitudes, a second on survey research, and a third on Bale's interaction process analysis, may be consulted without interrupting the flow of the other chapters.
The study takes the scale of Galbraith and Hines (1998, 2000) and arguments exposed by Galbraith, Hines and Pemberton (1999), Cretchley, Harman, Ellerton and Fogarty (2000), McDougall and Karadag (2009), Gómez-Chacón and Haines, (2008), Goldenberg (2003), Moursund (2003), about Mathematics confidence, Mathematics motivation, Computer confidence, Computer motivation, Computer and Mathematics interaction and Mathematics engagement. In the same way the arguments of García and Edel (2008), García-Santillán and Escalera (2011), García-Santillán, Escalera and Edel (2011) about variables associated with the use of ICT as a didactic strategy in teaching-learning process in order to establish a relationship between students perception with the teaching-learning process and technology. Therefore this paper examines the relationships between students attitudes towards mathematics and technology in a study carried out in the Universidad Autónoma of San Luis Potosí Unidad Zona Media. 214 questionnaires were applied to undergraduate students in Accounting, Management and Marketing. The statistical procedure was the factorial analysis with extracted principal component. The Statistics Hypothesis: Ho: ρ = 0 have no corelation Ha: ρ ≠0 have correlation. Statistic test to prove: Χ², Esphericyty test of Bartlett, KMO (Kaiser-Meyer_Olkin) Significancy level: α =0.05; p< 0.01, p<0.05 Decition rule is: Reject Ho if c² calculated > c² tablas. The results obtained of sphericyty test of Bartlett KMO (.703), Chi square X² 92.928 > c² tables, Sig. 0.00 < p 0.01, MSA (CONFIMA .731; MOTIMA .691; COMPIMA .741; CONFICO .686 and INTEMAC .694) provide evidence to reject Ho. Thus, the variables implicated Mathematics confidence, Mathematics motivation, Computer confidence, Computer motivation, Computer-Mathematics interaction and Mathematics engagement, help to understand the student’s attitude toward mathematics and technology.
Keywords: Mathematics confidence, Mathematics motivation, Computer confidence, Computer motivation, Computer and Mathematics interaction, Mathematics engagement.
The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a model for predicting statistics achievement. Participants were 130 graduate students enrolled in a quantitative-based educational research course at a southeastern university. A path analysis revealed that statistics anxiety and achievement expectation played a central role in the model, mediating the relationship between statistics achievement and the following variables: research anxiety, study habits, course load, and the number of statistics courses taken. Findings are interpreted with respect to Onwuegbuzie, Bailey, and Daley’s Anxiety-Expectation Mediation model of foreign language learning.
Most college students are required to enroll in statistics and quantitative research methodology courses as a necessary part of their degree programmes. Unfortunately, many students report high levels of statistics anxiety while enrolled in these classes. Recent years have seen an increase in the number of articles on statistics anxiety appearing in the literature, as researchers have recognised that statistics anxiety is a multidimensionality construct that has debilitative effects on academic performance. Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature on statistics anxiety. In particular, the nature, etiology, and prevalence of statistics anxiety are described. Additionally, antecedents (i.e. dispositional, situational and environmental) of statistics anxiety are identified, as well as their effects on statistics achievement. Furthermore, existing measures of statistics anxiety are documented. Finally, based on the literature, successful interventions for reducing statistics anxiety are described. Implications for future research are provided.
Wise's 1985 Attitude Toward Statistics scale was used to obtain normative data for 222 teachers enrolled in graduate classes in statistics and research methods. Comparisons with norms from other studies in which the scale was used indicated that these teachers had less positive attitudes toward the field of statistics and the course than did graduate students in psychology. In addition, the teachers had less positive attitudes toward the field of statistics than did undergraduate students from a variety of disciplines. These differences in attitudes ranged from .55 to .87 standard deviations, indicating moderate to large effect sizes. Recommendations for research include replicating the study.
The purpose of the present study is to investigate evidence of the validity of Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics Scale (SATS) scores and their relationship with scores from two other measures of attitudes toward statistics, the Attitude Toward Statistics Scale (ATS) and the Statistics Attitude Survey. The pre- and postcourse responses of 342 graduate and undergraduate students enrolled in inferential statistics courses at a large midwestern university were analyzed. Internal consistency reliability estimates were greater than .90 for total scores and greater than .70 for subscale scores for all instruments. Regression analyses confirmed the importance of SATS subscale scores over and above demographic variables in a theoretical model predicting statistics course achievement. Factor analyses suggested that both the ATS and the SATS have two domains, which is contrary to the four-factor solution proposed by the developers of the SATS.
A 34 item scale entitled Statistics Attitude Survey (SAS) was developed and administered to three samples of students taking a beginning statistics course. Analyses showed that the scale was highly homogeneous and that total scale scores had moderate correlations with statistics grades.
Presents a study aimed at using qualitative research models to examine the nature and etiology of statistics anxiety among graduate students (N=21) from various non-statistical disciplines. Suggests that statistics anxiety occurs when an individual experiences anxiety as a result of encountering statistics in any form at any level. Contains 32 references. (ASK)
Studied empirical factors related to achievement in educational research courses using a sample of 121 graduate students. Students with the lowest achievement tended to have or exhibit at least one of these characteristics: younger age, lower overall achievement, higher levels of research anxiety, higher statistics anxiety, poorer study habits, lower achievement expectations, more previous research methodology courses, and heaviest course loads. (SLD)
EncStat (Encouraged about Statistics) is a multimedia program being developed to identify and assist students with statistics anxiety or negative attitudes about statistics. This study explored the validity of the assessment instruments included in EncStat with respect to their diagnostic value for statistics anxiety and negative attitudes about statistics and conducted a pilot study of a weekly attitude change tracking instrument. Data from 69 graduate students supported the psychometric integrity of the Survey of Attitudes towards Statistics (SATS; Schau, Stevens, Dauphinee, and Del Vecchio, 1995) and the Statistical Anxiety Rating Scale (STARS; R. Cruise, R. Cash, and D. Bolton, 1985) and their revised, combined version. The Study Skills assessment and the Past Math History assessment developed for the EncStat program were also evaluated and supported. The Statistics Anxiety Weekly Affect Check, which evaluated 23 emotions in 7 areas related to statistics, was analyzed through 998 affect responses over a semester. Exploratory factor analysis identified the factor structure of the scale, and internal consistency estimates were acceptable. Findings also supported the mathematics diagnostic scale developed for use at the beginning of statistics courses. Findings suggest the statistics anxiety surveys targeted for EncStat will support reliable decisions in the program without undue burdens on students. The affect check is attached. (Contains 11 tables and 6 references.) (SLD)
Describes the development and validation of a new instrument, the Attitudes Toward Statistics (ATS) scale, designed for use in the measurement of attitude change in introductory statistics students. Two ATS subscales are identified: Attitude Toward Course and Attitude Toward the Field. These subscales were demonstrated to have both high internal consistency and test–retest reliability with data from 2 samples of 92 and 70 university students. Data also show that each ATS subscale provided distinctly different information about Ss' attitudes. (2 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Discusses the issue of attitudes' internal and external structure and the structural motivational, or functional, issue of the goals that attitudes serve. The issue addresses the question of what attitudes are, and the motivational issue addresses the question of why people hold attitudes. After reviewing the classic tripartite cognitive-affective-behavioral analysis of attitudes and introducing the major approaches to understanding attitudes' internal and external structure, the chapter examines the important concept of attitude strength. The chapter proceeds by considering attitudinal selectivity at various stages of information processing—that is, the tendency to process information differentially depending on its consistency with one's attitudes. The next discussion pertains to the relation of attitudes to overt behaviors, one of the 3 response classes through which attitudes are expressed. The functional issue of how attitudes relate to people's general goals are considered. Understanding attitudes' functions should itself be considered a structural issue because the embedding of attitudes in molar structures of values, motives, and personal goals is the focus of this theorizing tradition. Questions concerning attitudes' structure and function are closely intertwined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Differences between 88 Teachers of the Year and 92 inservice teachers and the relationship of Teachers of the Year vs inservice teachers to teachers' gender, years of teaching experience, grade level taught, or highest degree earned were analyzed using data collected with the Teacher Belief Questionnaire. The questionnaire is a self-report instrument combining demographic information and 4 teacher-belief instruments: Teacher Efficacy Scale, Teacher Locus of Control Scale, Pupil Control Ideology Form, and Wilson Stress Profile for Teachers. A general linear model was constructed to test 6 hypotheses using a logistic multiple regression procedure. Results indicated that Teachers of the Year were significantly more humanistic in their pupil-control beliefs and had more degrees than did inservice teachers who taught the same subjects in schools of the same size and type in the same states. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between perfectionism and statistics anxiety, using a multivariate approach. Participants were 107 students enrolled in graduate-level research methodology courses. A canonical correlation analysis revealed that graduate students who hold unrealistic standards for significant others (i.e. other-oriented perfectionists) and those who maintain a perceived need to attain standards and expectations prescribed by significant others (i.e. socially-prescribed perfectionists) tend to have higher levels of statistics anxiety associated with interpretation anxiety, test and class anxiety, computational self-concept and fear of asking for help. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Effects of mathematics self-concept, perceived self-efficacy, and attitudes toward statistics on statistics achievement
- S E Cashin
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