A Diffusion of Innovations
Abstract
Getting an innovation adopted is difficult; a common problem is increasing the rate of its diffusion. Diffusion is the communication of an innovation through certain channels over time among members of a social system. It is a communication whose messages are concerned with new ideas; it is a process where participants create and share information to achieve a mutual understanding. Initial chapters of the book discuss the history of diffusion research, some major criticisms of diffusion research, and the meta-research procedures used in the book. This text is the third edition of this well-respected work. The first edition was published in 1962, and the fifth edition in 2003. The book's theoretical framework relies on the concepts of information and uncertainty. Uncertainty is the degree to which alternatives are perceived with respect to an event and the relative probabilities of these alternatives; uncertainty implies a lack of predictability and motivates an individual to seek information. A technological innovation embodies information, thus reducing uncertainty. Information affects uncertainty in a situation where a choice exists among alternatives; information about a technological innovation can be software information or innovation-evaluation information. An innovation is an idea, practice, or object that is perceived as new by an individual or an other unit of adoption; innovation presents an individual or organization with a new alternative(s) or new means of solving problems. Whether new alternatives are superior is not precisely known by problem solvers. Thus people seek new information. Information about new ideas is exchanged through a process of convergence involving interpersonal networks. Thus, diffusion of innovations is a social process that communicates perceived information about a new idea; it produces an alteration in the structure and function of a social system, producing social consequences. Diffusion has four elements: (1) an innovation that is perceived as new, (2) communication channels, (3) time, and (4) a social system (members jointly solving to accomplish a common goal). Diffusion systems can be centralized or decentralized. The innovation-development process has five steps passing from recognition of a need, through R&D, commercialization, diffusions and adoption, to consequences. Time enters the diffusion process in three ways: (1) innovation-decision process, (2) innovativeness, and (3) rate of the innovation's adoption. The innovation-decision process is an information-seeking and information-processing activity that motivates an individual to reduce uncertainty about the (dis)advantages of the innovation. There are five steps in the process: (1) knowledge for an adoption/rejection/implementation decision; (2) persuasion to form an attitude, (3) decision, (4) implementation, and (5) confirmation (reinforcement or rejection). Innovations can also be re-invented (changed or modified) by the user. The innovation-decision period is the time required to pass through the innovation-decision process. Rates of adoption of an innovation depend on (and can be predicted by) how its characteristics are perceived in terms of relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, and observability. The diffusion effect is the increasing, cumulative pressure from interpersonal networks to adopt (or reject) an innovation. Overadoption is an innovation's adoption when experts suggest its rejection. Diffusion networks convey innovation-evaluation information to decrease uncertainty about an idea's use. The heart of the diffusion process is the modeling and imitation by potential adopters of their network partners who have adopted already. Change agents influence innovation decisions in a direction deemed desirable. Opinion leadership is the degree individuals influence others' attitudes
... Studies that investigated the factors influencing BIM adoption in organizations are based on three frameworks, namely, the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory [32], Institutional theory [31], and Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) theory [33]. Models with different emphases are constructed based on the aforementioned theories in order to investigate various factors of BIM adoption. ...
... Models with different emphases are constructed based on the aforementioned theories in order to investigate various factors of BIM adoption. For example, one of the most widely used theories in predicting BIM adoption is the diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) [32], [21], [24]., five technological characteristics have been identified by Rogers [32] (relative advantages, Compatibility, Complexity, trialability, and observability). The DOI theory, however, has limitations because it does not provide a lens through [33] framework, along with DOI theory and institutional theory, is one of the most widely used theories of IT adoption. ...
... Models with different emphases are constructed based on the aforementioned theories in order to investigate various factors of BIM adoption. For example, one of the most widely used theories in predicting BIM adoption is the diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) [32], [21], [24]., five technological characteristics have been identified by Rogers [32] (relative advantages, Compatibility, Complexity, trialability, and observability). The DOI theory, however, has limitations because it does not provide a lens through [33] framework, along with DOI theory and institutional theory, is one of the most widely used theories of IT adoption. ...
Building information modelling (BIM), a recent information technology (IT) innovation in virtual design and construction, has been regarded as the most critical technology in the construction industry over the last decade. As a result, BIM adoption is rapidly increasing; however, this new phenomenon is not spreading as rapidly as it is in emerging regions such as Libya. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect BIM adoption at the organizational level by integrating the diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework, and the institution theory. The data was gathered through a survey of 411 Libyan construction firms. Partial least squares were used for data analyses and to test the hypotheses. The results demonstrated that the (Perceived Relative Advantage and Compatibility) related positively to BIM adoption, while complexity related negatively to BIM adoption will top management support positively with Coercive Pressure on the adoption of BIM. The study’s findings provide significant insight into crucial factors that might increase the level of BIM adoption.
... Second, existing studies have primarily examined the determinants of DCGSM within the resource dependence perspective, such as economic resources, political resources and social media resources (Arturo et al., 2017;Sáez Martín et al., 2015). These studies ignored the role of social norm systems, especially external pressures, including public pressure and peer pressure (Ma, 2013(Ma, , 2014, considering that DCGSM is an innovative behavior of local governments (Kwon et al., 2021;Ma, 2013Ma, , 2014Rogers, 1995Rogers, , 2003. Third, existing research is limited to local government agencies among Europe and Latin America and lacks attention in Asia, especially in Mainland China. ...
... Government agencies' use of social media for dialogic communication can be regarded as innovative behaviors since it is full of uncertainty, especially during the COVID-19 crisis (Rogers, 1995). Furthermore, only a few government agencies have done this during this period (Landi et al., 2022). ...
... Furthermore, only a few government agencies have done this during this period (Landi et al., 2022). Diffusion of Innovations Theory proposes that prior conditions play a key role in actors' access to information about innovations (Rogers, 1995(Rogers, , 2003. This helps these potential actors acquire more knowledge about innovations, thereby reducing their uncertainty. ...
Although some scholars have explored the level and determinants of Dialogic Communication on Government Social Media (DCGSM), none have conducted their studies in the context of public crisis. The current study contributes to the understanding on DCGSM by 16,822 posts crawled from the official Sina Weibo accounts of 104 Chinese health commissions in prefecture-level cities during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results show that Chinese local government agencies have great variations in their DCGSM during the pandemic and the overall performance is poor. Furthermore, Chinese local governments prefer to conserve visitors and generate return visits, rather than dialogic loops development and the usefulness of information enhancement. The findings suggest that both public pressure and peer pressure contribute to the DCGSM of Chinese local governments during the public health crisis. In addition, the effect of public pressure is stronger than that of the peer pressure, indicating that local government agencies have experienced more demand-pull DCGSM.
... The innovativeness captures the relative speed of adoption of an individual or other unit compared with other members of the social system [43]. In the ICT innovation diffusion and adoption, innovativeness is one of the significant factors that has been explored widely, while the background of innovativeness increases the probability of more positive decisions on adopting new technological innovations [44]. ...
... Following these results, innovativeness, as a personality trait, can be a forceful factor in the determinants of E-commerce application adoption, such as organizational readiness. Following the definition of innovativeness, Rogers [43] suggested that an individual with higher levels of innovativeness seeks to introduce new ideas and use his advanced and challenging knowledge and experience to usefully manage the uncertainties in the business environment freely and earlier than others. Among the different typologies of innovativeness, Hong et al. [36] showed that the notion of innovativeness is often used to describe the process of adopting new ideas that individuals or firms agree to change. ...
... In particular, our results support the idea of the assertion of the DOI by confirming the positive influence of relative advantage, perceived compatibility, and lower complexity on the attitude towards the adoption of E-commerce and organizational resource readiness, which is consistent with previous findings. In addition, we found that complexity in attitude is significant, which may lead to a lower managers' attitude toward using it will work as a barrier to adoption [e.g., 7,8,10,11,43]. This result is consistent with the theory that SMEs are aware of the advantages of adopting new technology, as it is well documented in the literature on innovation dissemination [e.g., 6,7]. ...
Understanding how innovative attributes influence adoption decisions is still a hot topic in the innovation management literature, prompting a call for more research. This study intends to evaluate a constructed conceptual model that depicts the relationship between the three aspects of innovation and E-commerce adoption as mediated by attitude and organizational resource readiness, based on theories of innovation and behavior. The moderating influence of innovativeness in the link between attitude and organizational resource readiness and E-commerce adoption is also investigated in this study. The findings are based on data from 259 Kuwaiti SME owners and managers. The mediation of attitude and organizational resource readiness was investigated using a bootstrapping method based on the PLS-SEM technique. The findings show that attributes of innovation can improve attitude and organizational resource readiness. Furthermore, the relationship between the three independent constructs, namely relative advantages, compatibility, complexity, and E-commerce adoption, is mediated by attitude and organizational resource readiness. Meanwhile, the association between attitudes, organizational resource readiness, and E-commerce adoption is strongly moderated by innovativeness. The findings of this study provided insights into the causal mechanisms behind the relationships between attributes of innovation and E-commerce adoption that could not be acquired using a single theory-driven model.
... The technology consists of four dimensions complexity, compatibility, relative advantage, security considerations (Pan & Jang, 2008;Bryan & Zuva, 2021). Complexity is defined as the degree to which innovation is seen as somewhat difficult to understand and apply (Rogers, 2003;Stenberg & Nilsson, 2020). Since more complicated technologies require workers to acquire new skills and information, complexity is seen to have a negative correlation with the dissemination of innovation (Tidd & Bessant, 2009). ...
... Another dimension is the compatibility factor, which Rogers (2003) defines as the degree to which an innovation is perceived at being consistent with existing values, cultural norms, experiences, and needs of potential users highlights the significance of the technology integrating with the organization's current workflow as well as the softer aspects like values and norms (Rogers, 2010;Katebi et al., 2022). Although the definition of compatibility can be expanded include a variety of concepts. ...
... Another technological factor is relative advantage which a particular innovation is seen as being superior than what it is being compared against; can include perceptions of projected outcomes is used to define relative advantage (Rogers, 2003) cited by Stenberg and Nilsson (2020). It is the level of e-commerce consistency that can provide business benefits, and this level of e-commerce consistency is related to innovation, so the extent to which innovation can provide many business benefits through increased efficiency (Chong & Olesen, 2017). ...
... This is especially true with regard to access to health resources and inequalities, as exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic [7]. For a newly developed technology such as a vaccine against COVID-19, there is a hypothetical diffusion curve ranging from the early adopters who actively seek vaccination, to those who are unsure or hesitant, to those who actively resist and/or are actively opposed to vaccination [8]. For example, COVID-19 demand creation among the early adopters (i.e., the enthusiastic) is relatively easy as they will come forward without much persuasive effort [9]. ...
... The ability factors index was developed based on a conceptual model of vaccine uptake that was based on the MOA framework and diffusion of innovation theory [5,8,12]. In this conceptual model, the motivation component of the MOA framework is captured by four of the five Cs of vaccine hesitancy [13]-confidence, complacency, calculation, and collective responsibility-and by perceived descriptive and injunctive norms related to vaccine uptake. ...
... We developed and tested a 12-item ability factors index to operationalize the construct of perceived ability to get vaccinated following the MOA framework [4,5]. This ability factors index was also informed by diffusion of innovations and the five Cs model of vaccine uptake [8,12]. The resulting items were pilot tested, and the findings indicate that they are feasible and acceptable to participants. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has been an historic challenge to public health, and to behavior change programs. There have been challenges in promoting vaccination in LMICs, including Nigeria. One important hypothesis deserving consideration is the ability to obtain vaccination as a potential barrier to vaccination uptake. The MOA (motivation, opportunity, and ability) framework, as illustrated by multiple theories such as COM-B, EAST, and the Fogg model, is a primary theoretical basis for the evaluation of this ability as a factor in vaccination uptake. There is little research on measuring the ability to get vaccinated in LMICs, including on the role of all of the MOA framework. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an ability factors index measured through social media-based data collected in Nigeria in late 2021 and early 2022. We present findings from an online survey of 8574 Nigerians and highlight new social media-based data collection techniques in this research. This study found that a new ability factors index comprising 12 items was associated with vaccine uptake independent of measures capturing other components of the MOA framework. This index may serve as a valuable research instrument for future studies. We conclude that a person’s perceived ability to get vaccinated, measured by a newly validated index, is related to vaccination uptake and hesitancy, and that more research should be conducted in this area.
... A teoria da Difusão de Inovações tem sido empreendida para o alcance do engajamento de lideranças e indução da cultura organizacional para que seja favorável à implementação da prática baseada em evidência, especialmente por explicitar como as pessoas aderem às inovações. Distribuída em uma curva gaussiana, a difusão de inovações é adequada quando inovadores (out of the box thinkers), aqueles capazes de reconhecer o potencial de inovação precocemente -compõem 2,5% do contingente 7,8 . ...
... Em sequência, apresentam-se os líderes de opinião, lideranças caracterizadas como pessoas que encorajariam outros a adotarem a inovação (stakeholders), compondo 13 a curva compreende uma maioria tardia de seguidores (também de 34%). Por sua vez, um contingente de 16% de pessoas tem comportamento tradicional, pois apresentam maiores dificuldades para adoção de mudanças, adotando-as apenas se estas apresentarem resultados práticos visíveis 7,8 . Conforme esse referencial teórico, a difusão da inovação respeita quatro fases: compreender as variáveis do sistema social, quanto à necessidade de mudança e de incorporação da inovação (Fase 1); persuadir quanto às vantagens relativas a serem alcançadas pela adoção da inovação (Fase 2); decidir quanto à adoção ou rejeição da inovação (Fase 3); confirmar e difundir os resultados obtidos considerando a reorientação do sistema pela incorporação da inovação (Fase 4) 7,8 . ...
... Por sua vez, um contingente de 16% de pessoas tem comportamento tradicional, pois apresentam maiores dificuldades para adoção de mudanças, adotando-as apenas se estas apresentarem resultados práticos visíveis 7,8 . Conforme esse referencial teórico, a difusão da inovação respeita quatro fases: compreender as variáveis do sistema social, quanto à necessidade de mudança e de incorporação da inovação (Fase 1); persuadir quanto às vantagens relativas a serem alcançadas pela adoção da inovação (Fase 2); decidir quanto à adoção ou rejeição da inovação (Fase 3); confirmar e difundir os resultados obtidos considerando a reorientação do sistema pela incorporação da inovação (Fase 4) 7,8 . ...
O presente estudo tem como objetivo compreender o ensino da prática baseada em evidências na perspectiva de enfermeiros gestores universitários. Trata-se de estudo por métodos mistos, conforme concepção da Prática Baseada em Evidências, e pela Teoria de Difusão de Inovações, conduzido por entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas, por abordagem hermenêutico-dialética, junto à amostra intencional de 10 enfermeiros gestores de uma universidade pública. O ensino da prática baseada em evidências se dava por iniciativas pontuais de docentes, durante estágios por levantamento de uma questão clínica e busca de evidências para respondê-la, ou em atividades de busca e análise crítica de artigos científicos. Os resultados apoiam a orientação da matriz educacional na formação de enfermeiros e indicam que aspectos contextuais influenciadores da adoção da prática baseada em evidências no ensino foram reconhecidos, recomendando incrementar tanto o ensino, como a produção de conhecimento sobre a temática.
... To support the operationalization of domains and items that make up the protocol, the Diffusion of Innovations Theory (DIT) was used. (13) For the theorist, diffusion is a process by which an innova-grupos focales con un total de 43 profesionales de las Unidades de Servicios de Emergencias de un municipio mediano del estado de Paraná. Luego, el instrumento fue validado por siete especialistas del área. ...
... Messages are focused on new ideas and are idealized as an innovation, aimed at improving results. (13) The theoretical dimensions of this research construct were anchored in the following stages of DIT: antecedent conditions, which is a systematic review and moderate participant observation carried out by the main researcher, master's degree holder and doctoral student, with experience in qualitative research, between January and May 2019, totaling 161 hours in the field, which made it possible to know the reality. The other DIT stages correspond to the three communication channels: the first refers to knowledge, in which the researcher presents the data generated in the antecedent conditions; the second refers to persuasion, allowing the subject to form an opinion, favorable or not, regarding the proposed changes; and the third channel is decision, which is configured by the involvement of participants related to innovation. ...
... The other DIT stages correspond to the three communication channels: the first refers to knowledge, in which the researcher presents the data generated in the antecedent conditions; the second refers to persuasion, allowing the subject to form an opinion, favorable or not, regarding the proposed changes; and the third channel is decision, which is configured by the involvement of participants related to innovation. (13) The empirical categories were elucidated using the focus group (FG) technique, (14) between August and October 2019, on the ECU premises, conducted by the main researcher and an observer, a master's student, also with experience in this type of study, as proposed by the method. (14) As agreed with the management of the units, so as not to harm the care flow of services, all professionals were invited to participate in the research, namely: social workers, nurses, pharmacists, doctors, psychologists, nursing assistants and technicians, pharmacy and radiology. ...
... The innovation diffusion theory or diffusion of innovation (DOI) focuses on the perceived characteristics of innovations, postulating the five determinations of technology adoption, i.e., relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability and observability. [23] This theory has been used in previous research to explain IT adoption in general [24] and e-commerce adoption in particular [25]. Premkumar's [26] study showed that relative advantage, compatibility and complexity are consistently related to innovation adoption. ...
... Relative advantage is the degree to which an innovation is seen as superior to existing practice [23]. In the literature, Relative Advantages has been identified as an important factor effecting implementation of e-commerce in SMEs. ...
... Compatibility refers to the degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with the existing socio-cultural values, past experiences, and previously introduced ideas and need of adopters [23]. In the context of this study Compatibility refers to the degree to which e-commerce applications are compatible with the current practices of the company such as value chain relations and firm's processes. ...
... The diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory explains how an idea, product, or service is adopted through a system over time. This adoption of innovation occurs at different rates within people or those within an organization ranging from early innovators to late laggards (Rogers, 1962). There are five major categories of adopters: innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards. ...
... Laggards are the last to adopt new technology, are suspicious of technology and innovators, and focus on past decisions or standards. Many times, by the time a laggard adopts a technology, innovators have already moved on to the next phase of innovation (Rogers, 1962;UO, 2017). ...
... An innovation is defined by Rogers [1] as an "idea, practice or object that is perceived as new by an individual or other unit of adoption." Additionally, the innovation provides some benefit to that user or unit of adoption. ...
... Diffusion of Innovation [1] posits that the rate of adoption of an innovation, and even success or failure, is dependent on how an innovation is communicated within a community. Socio-technical researchers [11]- [13] consider the technical development of innovations in relation to the end users and the need to account for existing work practices. ...
... Comunicación, innovación y difusión están estrechamente relacionadas. Las bases de la teoría de la difusión tal y como la conocemos hoy fueron desarrolladas por Everett Rogers (1931Rogers ( -2004 en su trabajo titulado "Teoría de la difusión de innovaciones" (Everett, 1962). Rogers se graduó en Agricultura en 1952 en la Universidad de Iowa. ...
Resumen& Abstract
AKIS: Del conocimiento a la innovación en el sector agroalimentario
Acelerar el proceso de innovación es uno de los retos clave para el desarrollo. Su aplicación al sector agroalimentario supone repensar todo el sistema de generación y circulación de conocimiento necesario para esa innovación. El enfoque de los Siste-mas de Conocimiento e Innovación Agraria (AKIS por sus siglas en inglés, Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems) ofrece un marco desde el que abordar dicho reto. Dentro de estos AKIS hay dos ámbitos fundamentales: la investigación y el sector agroalimentario. La presente publicación hace una revisión conceptual y práctica de las propuestas de AKIS a partir de la experiencia de los profesionales que trabajan en ambos ámbitos en España. Además, desde un punto de vista estructural, se aborda cómo cada comunidad autónoma ha adaptado sus sistemas de información y cono-cimiento agrario en función de sus necesidades y de las peculiaridades productivas y de generación de conocimiento de cada región. La intención de esta publicación es contribuir al proceso de reflexión que actualmente está teniendo lugar en torno a estas cuestiones ofreciendo datos concretos y elementos para la discusión que ayu-den a reforzar lo que hemos denominado en esta obra las 3Cs de la innovación: Co-nocimiento, Comunicación y Cambio. Entre otros aspectos, se contemplan los retos y oportunidades para: poner en valor todas las fuentes de conocimiento, facilitar la co-municación entre los diferentes actores que participan en su generación y aplicación, fomentar la integración de sus diferentes saberes y apoyar el proceso de incorpora-ción de soluciones innovadoras a los problemas del sector agroalimentario. Todo ello para lograr un sector agrario innovador, competitivo y eficiente conforme a las nuevas demandas de la sociedad hacia la multifuncionalidad, sostenibilidad y servicios eco-sistémicos, así como, la bioeconomía circular en la cadena de valor agroalimentaria. Palabras clave Innovación agroalimentaria; Sistemas de innovación y conocimiento agrario; AKIS (Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems); Nueva extensión agraria; Conoci-miento experiencial; Conocimiento científico.
Abstract
AKIS: From Agricultural Knowledge to Innovation Accelerating the innovation process is one of the key challenges for development. Its application to the agri-food sector implies rethinking the whole system of generation and circulation of knowledge necessary for such innovation. The Agricultural Knowled-ge and Innovation Systems (AKIS) approach offers a framework from which to address this challenge. There are two key stakeholders in the AKIS: research and the agri-food sectors. This book provides a conceptual and practical review of the AKIS proposals based on the experience of professionals working in both sectors in Spain. Furthermo-re, from a structural point of view, it addresses how each Spanish region has adapted its agricultural information and knowledge systems according to its needs and to the regional peculiarities in the agricultural production and knowledge generation. The goal of this book is to contribute to the process of reflection that is currently taking place on these issues, by offering specific data and elements for discussion that can reinforce what we have called, in this publication, the 3Cs of innovation: Knowledge (“Conocimiento” in Spanish), Communication and Change. Among other aspects, the book addresses the challenges and opportunities to valorise all sources of knowledge, facilitate the communication between the different actors involved in the generation and application of knowledge, promote the integration of their different knowledge and support the process of incorporating innovative solutions to the problems of the agri-food sector. All this in order to achieve an innovative, competitive and efficient agricultural sector in line with the new demands of society towards multifunctionality, sustainability and ecosystem services, as well as the circular bioeconomy with the agri- food value chain. Key words Agri-food innovation; Agricultural knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS); New agricultural extension; Experiential knowledge; Scientific knowledge.
... The success of a product depends on how the company uses these key elements. The diffusion process is defined as the process by which information about the existence of a product is spread in the social system through certain channel of communications over a period of time [3]. ...
Today, in an era of high technological products, the rate of innovation and knowledge creation plays a pivotal role in continued firm growth. In the last few decades, it has been observed that the world of product development and its management has evolved rapidly. In particular, the use of feature-addition or otherwise bringing some change in the marketing strategy after a certain time point (change point) is fast becoming commonplace. These attributes like: entry/exits of the competitor, change in price, change in quality, environmental changes, etc. tend to bring a remarkable change in the overall sales of an existing product mix. Many innovation diffusion models have been proposed over the past three decades that estimate the sales but very few models have considered the increase in market size after this strategic time point named as change point in marketing literature. The objective of this paper is to propose the innovation adoption modelling framework that incorporates this effect of increase in the market size. Results have been supplemented with numerical examples.
... Teachers' perceptions that CPA is beneficial and compatible with their instructional practices warrant future professional development efforts, such as providing logistical strategies for integrating CPA into their routines (e.g., including CPA in lesson planning). The constructs of relative advantage and compatibility are both key elements of the Diffusion of Innovations theory [60], and the current results add to prior work showing the importance of these characteristics as determinants of the implementation of innovations in schools. As noted by Webster and colleagues [24] in their paper presenting the measure that we used to assess advantage/compatibility, their survey items assessing relative advantage did not compare to a concrete alternative such as asking about perceptions that CPA will "increase my students' academic performance more than teaching sedentary lessons with students at their desks". ...
Classroom-based physical activity (CPA) is an evidence-based practice that improves student physical activity outcomes, but national data suggest implementation is insufficient in US classrooms. The purpose of this study was to examine individual and contextual factors associated with elementary school teachers' intentions to implement CPA. We collected input survey data from 181 classroom teachers (10 schools; 98.4% participation among eligible teachers) across three separate cohorts to examine associations between individual and contextual constructs and future CPA implementation intentions. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression. Individual-level characteristics of perceived autonomy for using CPA, perceived relative advantage/compatibility of CPA, and general openness to educational innovations were positively associated with intentions to implement CPA (p < 0.05). Teacher perceptions of contextual factors such as administrator support for CPA were also associated with implementation intentions. This study adds to prior evidence about the importance of theoretically determined constructs for understanding behavioral intentions among front-line implementers such as classroom teachers. Additional research is needed to evaluate interventions designed to change malleable factors, including teachers' perceptions, as well as changing school environments so that teachers perceive more autonomy to use CPA and have the training and resources that build skills for implementation.
... O sociólogo rural Everett Rogers (1995) é outro precursor dos estudos sobre inovação que adota, já em 1962, uma definição mais ampla do conceito. Segundo Rogers (1995, p.11), inovação é "uma ideia, prática ou objeto que é percebida como nova por um indivíduo ou outra unidade de adoção". ...
... Adoption of paddy innovations is important to rural farmers. It is the decision by the farmers to accept and make use of paddy innovation which is perceived beneficial towards achieving a sustainable increase in farm productivity and leading to improved well-being of respective farmers (Rogers, 2003). Adoption in this case occurs when there is a continued use of paddy innovations by farmers. ...
Adoption of paddy innovations is important for production and productivity but there has been low or non adoption at different places in Tanzania. Despite this adoption of innovations has not been convincing. This research was conducted in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania to determine the extent of adoption of innovations in paddy production and analyzed factors influencing this adoption. A cross-sectional research design was adopted and 299 respondents were sampled using simple random technique. Data were collected using questionnaire, in-depth interviews, field observation and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to estimate factors influencing adoption of innovations. The study concludes that, it is difficult for a smallholder paddy farmer to attain full adoption of an innovation package which composes several practices in it as it become complex to follow. Extension programmes including trainings on introduced innovations and regular visits are important for adoption of paddy innovations to rural farmers. Markets availability is an opportunity which motivates farmers to adopt paddy innovations. Therefore, farmers should be well-informed of the markets by the extension and marketing officers.
... The adoption of numerical data analysis to support the business-side of sport in the professional sport industry did not happen for all organizations at once, but instead followed a theoretically described progression (Wanless & Naraine, accepted, 2022). Diffusion of innovations theory was developed to explain how and why innovations are adopted within a social system (Rogers, 1963;2003). Part of the theoretical expression involved classifying organizations from a social system according to their innovation adoption timing. ...
The sport industry is no stranger to the pursuit of innovation (Slack & Thurston, 2021). The sport analytics realm represents the continual emergence of innovation diffusion curves. This essay shows how innovating both research and education in response to diffusion curves in sport analytics, we can create the space to not only keep but also generate pace.
... The extended TAM under consideration consists of two endogenous constructs: the behavioral intention to adopt a technology, which leads to the actual technology use (e.g., Ajzen, 1991;Davis et al., 1989;Sheppard et al., 1988;Turner et al., 2010). It has four key exogenous constructs that antecede behavioral intention and technology use: compatibility, which reports the technology's fit with a customer's lifestyle and values (Rogers, 2003), perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use (Moore and Benbasat, 1991), and emotional value , which measures whether customers enjoy or have positive feelings about a product's use (Sheth et al., 1991). For more details on the theoretical underpinnings of the proposed relationships, see Richter et al. (2020b). ...
This chapter illustrates the application of necessary condition analysis (NCA) in
the context of partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). We
demonstrate the joint use of the two methods using the standard software application SmartPLS 4, which incorporates PLS-SEM and the core NCA computation capabilities, and we offer background information on the key steps and interpretations associated with the combined application. We introduce the fundamentals of necessity logic and NCA, outlining key differences to PLS-SEM and its underlying logic. Using a recently published guideline and an illustrative example of the combined application of the two methods, the chapter provides guidance on generating results and interpreting must-have and should-have factors in the PLS-SEM context, enabling researchers to identify necessary conditions that may underlie their significant but also nonsignificant structural model relationships. The consideration of both must-have and should-have factors through the joint use of PLS-SEM and NCA is a unique way of assessing causality that may advance research in multiple fields. Our approach contributes to the further diffusion of the two logics in research applications. Our guidelines and systematic application of the
two methods will assist researchers in exploiting these analyses’ valuable potentials in their own studies.
... Toplumların ortaya çıkan yenilikleri kabul etmesinde ve kullanmasında bireyler farklı bakış açılarına sahip olabilmektedir. Yenilikleri hızlı bir şekilde kabul eden bireylerin daha geç kabul eden ya da hiç kabul etmeyen bireylere göre daha farklı oldukları, risk alan ve yenilikleri korkusuzca kabul edebilme özelliklerine sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir (Rogers, 2003). Teknoloji Kabul Modeli bireylerin kişisel olarak ortaya çıkan yeni teknolojileri kabul durumunu inceleyen güçlü ve sıklıkla kullanılan teorilerden biri olduğu görülmektedir (Torun ve Cengiz, 2019). ...
Dik Koordinat (analitik) Düzlemde Asal Sayı Dizileri: Özsoy Üçgeni
Asal sayıların bulunmasında kabul edilmiş bir formül yoktur ancak “Dik Koordinat (Analitik) Düzlemde Asal Sayı Dizileri: Özsoy Üçgeni” olarak isimlendirilen ilk 100000 içindeki asal sayıların bulunmasında eğlenceli ve basit renkli bir yöntemdir. Bir Microsoft Excel programında oluşturulan basit bir tablolama sistemidir. Başlangıçta renksiz olan gösterimde her sayıya belli bir renk verilerek oluşturulmaktadır.
Pisagor Üçgeni ve Eratosthenes Kalburuna benzer ama kendi içinde daha özgün bir görselleştirmesi mevcuttur. Örneğin renkli hücreler ile sarı renk “1, 4, 9, 16, ... 65025, 65536, ...” tam kare olan sayılardır. Bu sarı noktalardan oluşan sonsuz çizgi Özsoy üçgeni olarak adlandırdığımız üçgenin en uzun kenarıdır (hipotenüs). Yeşil renkli hücrelerde ilk satırda yer alan asal sayıların oluşturduğu üçgenin dik kısa kenarlarından biridir. Bu en üst satırda 256 x 256 bir tablo varsa ilk 256 sayı yer
almaktadır. Sonrada her bulanan asal sayının dikeydeki katına belli bir renk verilerek bir örüntü oluşturulmuştur. Daha sonra renksiz kalan sayılardan sadece bir çıkardığınız zaman başka bir asal sayıyı verirse Siyah renkli hücrelerle renklendirilir. Ortaya bir yaklaşık sonuca göre Asal sayıların görselleştirildiği bir tablo elde edilmiş olur. En az sıralı beş sayıdan oluşan diziler (soldan sağa, yukarıdan aşağıya ya da diyagonal olarak bitişik) asal sayı dizileri, renkli ikiz asallar, Özsoy üçgeni ve Özsoy dizileri görselleştirilmiş olmaktadır. Bu görselleştirmede N. J. A. Sloane‘nın 1964 yılında kurduğu “The OEIS Foundation‘ desteklediği The On-line Encyclopedia Of Integer Sequences keşfedilen diziler de açıkça görülmektedir (Özsoy 2019). ‘Özsoy Üçgeni’ revize edilerek dik koordinat sistemine uygulanıp uygulanmadığı test edilmiş ve negatif bölgelerde de işlemin mutlak değer içindeki sayıların oluşturduğu dizilerin ve uzantıların (doğru parçalarının) bulunan ve bilinen asal sayı dizileriyle uyumlu olup olmadıkları görsel olarak yorumlanmıştır. Özsoy Üçgeni, dik koordinat düzleminde normal görüntüsünün 90 derece simetrisi olarak görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Özsoy Üçgeni, Asal Sayılar, Asal Sayı Dizileri
Prime Numbers on the Coordinate (Analytic) Plane: Ozsoy Triangle
Abstract
There is no accepted formula for finding prime numbers but It is a fun and simple colorful method to find the prime numbers in the first 100000 called “Prime numbers on the coordinate (analytic) plane: Ozsoy Triangle. It is a simple spreadsheet system created in a Microsoft Excel program. Initially colorless representation, each number is created by giving a certain color. It is similar to the Pythagorean Triangle and Eratosthenes Griddle but has a more original visualization in itself. For example, yellow colored cells “1, 4, 9, 16, ... 65025, 65536, ...” are full-frame numbers. The infinite line of these yellow dots is the longest edge of the triangle we call Ozsoy triangle (hypotenuse). It is one of the perpendicular short sides of the triangle formed by the prime numbers in the first row of the green cells. If you have a 256 x 256 table on this top row, the first 256 numbers are included. Then a pattern was created by giving a certain color to the vertical fold of each found prime number. Then, if you subtract only one of the numbers that remain colorless, another prime number will be colored with Black cells. A table in which prime numbers are visualized according to an approximate result is obtained (Ozsoy, 2019). The "Ozsoy Triangle" was revised and tested whether it was applied to the perpendicular coordinate system, and in the negative regions, it was visually interpreted whether the sequences and extensions (line segments) formed by the numbers in the absolute value are compatible with known prime numbers. The Özsoy Triangle is seen as the 90 degree symmetry of its normal image on the vertical coordinate plane.
Key Words: Ozsoy Triangle, Prime Numbers, Prime Numbers Sequences
... Infrastructure is a principal component of the economy (Zhang 1991) and the scale of intelligent, renewable and more efficient systems requires new infrastructure. Unlike a standard linear model or the normal S-curve (Valente 1995) of the diffusion (cumulative adoptions) of innovations (Rogers 2003), the sudden shift in Earth's surface temperature from CO 2 increases over a short period of time suggest that the distribution of clean technology adoptions throughout our infrastructures requires a sudden shift in adoptions (Jacobsen 2007) in order to offset this increasing demand for energy, according to the United Nations (2018) report. ...
As the kick-off article of Business, Economics, Sustainability, Leadership and Innovation, this brief manuscript reviews and analyzes global human population, CO2 and global temperatures. The first section characterizes population dynamics historically, currently and future projections as presented by the United Nations (2017). The second section examines the economy, the physics of combustion supporting the economy, and global CO2 emissions, also as a time series. The third section examines global temperatures. The article closes out with suggestions for future research in nonlinear climate change modeling and applied research in energy system improvements and policy to avoid a climate catastrophe.
... In spite of this clear objective, there has been limited evaluation of the impact of individual VA cooperative studies on clinical practice in the VA healthcare system. There has long been concern about the often prolonged gap between published scientific findings and changes in clinical practice [5,6]. Limited attention has been paid to the naturalistic dissemination of trial findings, such as those from the VA CSP, into clinical practice, especially in the healthcare systems that sponsored the research and in which it was conducted. ...
Background
Multisite practical clinical trials evaluate treatments in real-world practice. A multisite randomized Veterans Health Administration (VHA) cooperative study (CSP#555) published in 2011 compared the first long-acting injectable (LAI) second-generation antipsychotic (SGA), Risperidone Consta®, in veterans with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, to oral antipsychotics, with unexpected null results for effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Whether null results of this type could change VHA practice has not been studied.
Methods
A longitudinal observational analysis was used to evaluate the impact of the trial findings on VHA clinical practices. National administrative data compared new starts on LAI risperidone during the 4 years before the publication of CSP#555 in 2011 to new starts on LAI risperidone during the 4 years after.
Results
Among 119,565 Veterans with the indicated diagnoses treated with antipsychotics from 2007 to 2015, the number and proportion of new starts on LAI risperidone declined significantly following the study publication, as did the total number of annual users and drug expenditures. However, data from 2007 to 2010 showed the decline in new starts actually preceded the publication of CSP#555. This change was likely explained by the increase in new starts, total use, and expenditures on a newer medicine, LAI paliperidone, a 4-week LAI treatment, in the 2 years prior to the publication of CSP#555.
Conclusions
The declining use of LAI risperidone likely primarily reflects the substitution of a longer-acting LAI SGA, paliperidone, that came to market 2 years before the study publication, a substitution that may have been reinforced by null CSP#555 study results for LAI risperidone.
... Participants also mentioned the importance of the overall attitude in the team and the enthusiasm of the stakeholders, which affect the willingness of the professionals/stakeholders to fully engage in the implementation process [36]. The enthusiasm of stakeholders may be explained by the perceived value and 'relative advantage' of the AGCH [18,37]. Compared with in-hospital care for older adults, many stakeholders described how the AGCH would be better suited to providing care for older patients, both on the patient level (better outcomes) and the system level (expectation of lower societal costs). ...
Background:
there is a trend across Europe to enable more care at the community level. The Acute Geriatric Community Hospital (AGCH) in the Netherlands in an acute geriatric unit situated in a skilled nursing facility (SNF). It provides hospital-level care for older adults with acute medical conditions. The aim of this study is to identify barriers and facilitators associated with implementing the AGCH in a SNF.
Methods:
semi-structured interviews (n = 42) were carried out with clinical and administrative personnel at the AGCH and university hospital and stakeholders from the partnering care organisations and health insurance company. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results:
facilitators to implementing the AGCH concept were enthusiasm for the AGCH concept, organising preparatory sessions, starting with low-complex patients, good team leadership and ongoing education of the AGCH team. Other facilitators included strong collaboration between stakeholders, commitment to shared investment costs and involvement of regulators.Barriers to implementation were providing hospital care in an SNF, financing AGCH care, difficulties selecting patients at the emergency department, lack of protocols and guidelines, electronic health records unsuited for hospital care, department layout on two different floors and complex shared business operations. Furthermore, transfer of acute care to the community care meant that some care was not reimbursed.
Conclusions:
the AGCH concept was valued by all stakeholders. The main facilitators included the perceived value of the AGCH concept and enthusiasm of stakeholders. Structural financing is an obstacle to the expansion and continuation of this care model.
... Uwzględniając ten fakt M.E. Rogers (1962) stworzył dychotomiczną typologię norm, wyróżniając ich dwa przeciwstawne typy idealne. Na jeden typ składają się normy nowoczesne, na drugi normy tradycyjne. ...
Despite being widely advocated as a climate-smart farming system, the adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) among Bangladeshi farmers has remained surprisingly low. Evidence indicates that farmers’ behavior regarding the adoption and continuation of CA is affected by their socioeconomic and psychological factors. This study combined the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theories to examine the socio-psychological determinants of Bangladeshi farmers’ behavior regarding the adoption of CA. The proposed model included both reflective and formative measurements. Based on data collected from 201 CA farmers, this research used a variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach to test the model. The analysis showed that the components of this integrated model explained more variance (Intention: 48.9%; Attitude: 59.2%) than the original TAM framework (Intention: 45.8%; Attitude: 54.5%). Farmers’ attitudes toward the continuation of CA were most influenced by the Relative Advantage (RA) of CA (β = 0.337). The low level of Complexity (β = 0.225) and Compatibility (β = 0.273) of CA had a significant positive effect on attitude. In a campaign to encourage farmers to act more sustainably, interventions should emphasize CA’s long-term benefits, such as its effects on soil, yield, and the environment.
Innovative transformations in the field of higher education and science, as a rule, take place within the framework of an innovation policy determined by the leaders of this field. It should be noted that innovation policy in the field of higher education is the link between the policy of research and scientific (scientific and technical) activities, the search and dissemination of knowledge, education and training of qualified specialists in the field of technological development, industrial policy, and environmental policy. Innovation policy in the field of higher education and science is one of the main components of the state socio-economic policy of social development and is aimed at creating favorable conditions for bringing new ideas created in this area to the market. The article is devoted to the further development of the theoretical foundations of innovation in higher education. The main issues of the organizational theory of innovation in higher education are considered; national and international components of innovation in the field of higher education and science, as an open educational, scientific and cultural system; orientation and influence of innovation processes in the field of higher education and science on objects and subjects of innovative transformations; the most important tasks of the state in the management of innovative activities in the field of higher education and science; activities promoted by innovators in higher education; innovative environment. The main directions of the innovative policy of the entrepreneurial university and innovative relations in the field of higher education and science are studied. The problems of compulsory or emergency distance learning are also analyzed.
The use of cryptocurrencies offers attractive business opportunities, in the context of financial services, smart contracts and token-based business models. The objective of this study is to provide a value-based understanding of what drives people to use cryptocurrencies for value exchange. Based on the users' perceived value of the technology, as logic of decision making, we explore the role of perceived financial value and the perceived emotional value in the intention to use the technology. The unified technology adoption theory provides the potential drivers of these value concepts, which are extended accounting for sustainability. Furthermore , to capture users' evolving experience with blockchain technologies, we propose the concept of the cryptocurrency knowledge path, capturing the scope and depth of users' knowledge on the applicability of cryptocurrencies, as potential influence on the value concepts in the decision to actively use cryptocurren-cies. For the analysis, a structural model is set up and estimated using partial least square analysis (PLS-SEM). We identify a positive effect of both value concepts, financial and emotional value, on the intention to use cryptocurrencies. However, interestingly, we find that the emotional value assessment is fully mediated through the knowledge path. Furthermore, we find that environmental sustainability considerations are fully mediated through either of the two value concepts. These results provide guidance for a customer-centric, sustainable design and marketing of crypto-projects.
Im Beitrag geht es um den Themenkomplex Inklusion in der Sportlehrkräftebildung. Geleitet von der Annahme, dass ein Zugang zu Inklusiver Bildung durch Kontakte ermöglicht werden kann, wird ein Lehr-Lernprojekt vorgestellt und vor dem Hintergrund der Strukturalen Bildungstheorie reflektiert. Die im Projekt initiierten Kontakterfahrungen der Studierenden mit den Schüler*innen werden hinsichtlich des gewählten Settings erläutert, es werden empirische Ergebnisse zur Wirksamkeit auf die inklusionsorientierte Einstellungsentwicklung der Studierenden im sportwissenschaftlichen Lehramtsstudium präsentiert und Chancen und Begrenzungen des Anliegens geprüft.
We explore the competitive influence maximisation problem in the voter model. We extend past work by modelling real-world settings where the strength of influence changes nonlinearly with external allocations to the network. We use this approach to identify two distinct regimes—one where optimal intervention strategies offer significant gain in outcomes, and the other where they yield no gains. The two regimes also vary in their sensitivity to budget availability, and we find that in some cases, even a tenfold increase in the budget only marginally improves the outcome of an intervention in a population.
In the rush for the Covid-19 pandemic's online transition, the pursuit of quality online learning was frequently overshadowed by the urgency of emergency instruction online. As blended and online teaching became an integral part of education, there emerged a need to investigate how faculty coped with this transition and what competencies they might be acquiring. In this paper, we report on international research about higher education faculty’s elicited dispositions and needs while they engaged with online teaching (OT), as these shape aspects of teacher competencies for integrating technology. This study aims to identify factors that shaped faculty competencies as pandemic restrictions forced transitions to OT. Snapshot surveys were conducted at two different phases of the pandemic, i.e. during the acceleration phase and the stasis one, approximately twelve months later. The surveys inquired about internal (e.g. enthusiasm and resolutions) and external (e.g. support) factors of faculty’s OT perceptions during two phases of the Covid-19 pandemic, enabling monitoring of the phenomenon beyond the assessment of the first response to the emergency. Results revealed different patterns of dispositions and diverse uses of technological affordances to foster online learning. These patterns were also found to differ over time, highlighting conditions possibly enabling or hindering the development of competencies for OT during different phases of the pandemic. One important finding is that there was a change from internal confidence to institutional support being a strong predictor of intentions to continue OT, over the course of the Covid-19 pandemic.
This study intends to explore the impact of Live-Stream on user satisfaction and the key to creating purchasing behavior. Therefore, this research will obtain an effective questionnaire from viewers who have watched Live-Stream on the Internet, and successfully use the information system introduced in DeLone & McLean’s research [1]. The model is based on the theory, and several new and modified aspects are added as the research model to explore the correlation between live broadcasters, live broadcast platforms, purchase behaviors and recommendation behaviors. The results of this research scale have good reliability and validity. The results of the study found that: (1) Information Quality will positively affect User Satisfaction (2) System Quality will positively affect Business Behavior and User Satisfaction (3) Social Interaction positively affects Business Behavior and User Satisfaction. In “Information Quality”, User Satisfaction is the “completely intermediary” variable that promotes Business Behavior; in “System Quality”, User Satisfaction is the “partial intermediary” variable that promotes Business Behavior; in “Social Interaction”, User Satisfaction is a “partially mediating” variable that contributes to Business Behavior.
With the dawn of the twenty-first century, the world has been in chaos, turmoil and a changing environment that is chaotic and difficult to predict. In the midst of rapid technological advancements, geopolitical shifts, dramatic demographic changes, ecological disasters and immigration, lives are being disrupted at a level of severity and frequency that seems to only increase. Most importantly, globalization and competitive market forces have created significant growth in the knowledge sector, a development that has a profound effect on society and higher education institutions. Together, these factors have accentuated a state of volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity that has been termed VUCA: volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. The interaction between the four VUCA elements can lead to the breakdown of order in almost every organization, including the education and higher education sectors. Since students today have grown up with technology, they expect to have instant access all the time and anywhere to their learning materials. As opposed to this, a black swan event is an abnormal behaviour outside the normal expected behaviour, an event that has an extreme impact and a response that is rationalized retrospectively (Taleb, 2007). Black Swan events, like the COVID-19 pandemic that has just been reported, can throw a wrench in the works in a VUCA world. The twenty-first century has experienced some Black Swan events, such as 9/11, and the 2008 financial crisis; however, the COVID-19 pandemic, a global phenomenon occurring over the next few years, will be a unique blend of VUCA and Black Swan events (Hadar et al. in Rethinking teacher education in a VUCA world: student teachers' social-emotional competencies during the Covid-19 crisis. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1–14, 2020). Therefore, in the coming years and decades, higher education has entered uncharted territory that will require a great deal of agility and profound astuteness to progress. In reviewing the current situation and future challenges in the learning innovation space, we found that there is a need for a new set of tools and an updated framework that will help educators support innovative learning initiatives. It is for these reasons that in the following chapter we propose a two-pronged approach: Integration of the Disruptive Innovation Framework (Bower & Christensen, 1995) and the Transformative Strategic Framework for Learning Innovation (Salmon, European Journal of Open, Distance and E-Learning 17:220–236, 2014). In order to accomplish this, the Gartner hype cycle and Roger’s Diffusion of Innovation Model (Roger, 2010) are combined to create a framework for strategic planning and to provide educators with a practical framework to improve the implementation of interventions.
This research is motivated by the existence of a new innovation related to waste management which aims to change the mindset of the community towards waste so that people know that waste can also be useful and has value and to increase citizens' interest in waste banks that can provide benefits to the community, one of which is in the form of long term investment. And with the innovation of this waste bank, it can reduce environmental pollution caused by the accumulation of indiscriminate garbage. The purpose of this study is to find out the innovation that is the Gade Clean and Gold at the Pearl Waste Bank of Pekanbaru City and identify the factors that hinder the innovation. This study uses a qualitative research method approach. The research data was obtained directly from the results of observations and interviews with informants and interactive data analysis. The results of this study explain that the innovation of the gade clean and gold at the pearl waste bank in the city of Pekanbaru is not optimal, this can be seen from several inhibiting indicators in the form of limited facilities and infrastructure such as press machines, chopping machines and waste storage warehouses and limited human resources that make the waste at the pearl bank that is received is not managed by the waste bank but is resold to the vendor
Rising healthcare costs force healthcare organizations worldwide to reconsider their business strategies. Hospital managers are tasked with lowering operating costs while upholding the high quality of care, two goals perceived as contradictory by many healthcare professionals. Attempting to contribute towards reaching these goals, the study explores the digitalization of the healthcare supply chain through the adoption of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and its impact on hospital supply chain costs. Established technology adoption theories (such as the TOE framework) are synthesized to develop a research model that investigates the adoption of hospital ERP systems and its impact on supply chain cost performance. The framework is validated via structural equation modeling (SEM) with data collected from public hospitals. The results indicate that technological and organizational readiness, hospital size, governmental policies, and perceived benefits have a significant influence on the extent of ERP systems adoption. They also demonstrate a statistically significant association between the use of ERP systems and hospital supply chain costs. The present study highlights the influencing factors of ERP systems adoption in hospitals and provides empirical evidence on the resulting cost benefits., This implies greater urgency for hospitals to digitalize their supply chain by implementing and fully exploiting the ERP systems’ functionality in order to reach their goal of delivering quality care at a lower cost.
Background
Injuries and violence share many of the same risk and protective factors, which are rooted in the social determinants of health (SDOH) and the social determinants of equity. Addressing shared risk and protective factors (SRPFs)—common factors that make it more or less likely that a population will experience injuries or violence—is critical prevention efforts. The Safe States Alliance created the Connections Lab—a suite of web-based resources to help injury and violence prevention public health practitioners and their partners understand, describe, implement and evaluate SRPF approaches.
Design
A mixed-methods approach using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory assessed how the Connections Lab influenced users’ knowledge, abilities and work related to SRPF approaches. A web-based survey was administered to 234 participants in April–May 2021. Semistructured virtual group discussions were conducted with a subset of 15 survey respondents who volunteered to participate.
Results
The case study revealed three key findings. The Connections Lab: was diffused among practitioners across sectors within and outside of public health; it increased practitioners’ perceived proficiency across 10 skill sets related to describing, planning, implementing and evaluating SRPF approaches; and it increased understanding of the importance of upstream and structural drivers of injuries and violence.
Conclusion
The Connections Lab was a critical first step to expand the definition of SRPF approaches, connect SRPFs to concepts of equity and the SDOH, and provide strategies for engaging partners in public health and across other sectors in SRPF approaches.
In order for cooperation to succeed, every team needs to be set up like a football team. In project management, this is done by means of role clarification. As a non-trivial system, people have to be able to partially give up being in control of themselves in this process and make their own interests and convictions subordinate to the common goals. In this chapter, the authors Jürg Kuster, Christian Bachmann, Mike Hubmann, Robert Lippmann, and Patrick Schneider deal with fundamental aspects of teams and groups and the inner dynamics that can unfold during project work. The focus lies on procedures facilitating successful role clarification, on how the principles of positive psychology can have an effect on a team, and what the characteristics of a high-performance team are. The chapter concludes by describing change and resistance as well as by taking a comprehensive in-depth look at conflict management and crises. The topics are structured according to their relevance for the agile and the traditional approach.
The article describes a social network approach to understanding the relationships between academic library employees: knowledge use network and problem solving network with the division into strong and weak ties. The author collected the data based on a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire on a selected population of library staff in a major academic library in Poland. Then, collected data was analyzed through the non-parametric network statistics tests (quadratic assignment procedure [QAP] and multiple regression quadratic assignment procedure [MRQAP]) to test dependencies occurring in social networks of librarians. The results show a relationship between knowledge use and problem solving based on strong and weak ties between librarians, with the beta for weak ties higher than for strong ties. The network methodology is becoming a critical research approach used to understand the informal structures and complexity of the academic library. Thus, it is a valuable tool in the hands of library directors.
Service innovation is often viewed as the main source of growth in the modern economy. There is a general agreement that service innovation can provide a positive change for the environment, creating new types of jobs and making consumers’ lives easier. In this chapter, we challenge the positive view and provide arguments against service innovation. While service innovation might seem positive, there are negative effects on the financial development, the social development, and the environment. Service innovations do not replace existing services, but create complementary services and as a consequence most positive effects do not appear, which results in increased use of resources and negative effects on the environment. The lack of critical studies on service innovation has resulted in a flawed and somewhat overpromising picture of service innovations and what they can do.
The often-cited adage “If everything’s a priority, then there are no priorities!” takes on renewed meaning in school districts influenced by change forces. This is particularly true for the school board-administrative team, trying to lead districts in a complex sea of change. The change pressures beg the question, “What matters most if we are to continually improve?” Strategic planning is one comprehensive answer to this question, especially when informed by implementation science’s influence on systems change, communications, and organizational theory (Albers et al., 2020). Strategic planning provides a framework for deliberate actions toward agreed-upon priorities, minimizing things that serve to distract an organization from its priorities. Basic strategic plans for continuous improvement share common elements. However, local context dictates differences with no one-size-fits-all template. Planning may be thought of in terms of Phase I and Phase II. Phase I includes the vison, mission, values/beliefs, and priorities. Phase II includes measurable outcomes, objectives, key performance indicators, person(s) responsible, and determinations of measuring success. Before undertaking strategic planning, understanding change is necessary, because strategic plans are roadmaps for change and the impact of change cannot be underestimated. Step-by-step supports and resources are detailed to undergo a strategic planning process.
There are many potential factors that are causing challenges in using emerging technologies in accounting and auditing in developing economies. This study focuses specifically on the transitional emerging economy of Vietnam and just some of the factors are discussed that have been identified as limiting the implementation and usage of emerging technologies in accounting and auditing. To focus on this aim, prior literature was used to collate, summarize, and analyze studies, which broadened the usual goal of directed content analysis, which is to extend theory. The strategy of selecting relevant articles (both academic and from practice) to be reviewed, consisted of a combination of the main concepts of the challenges in using emerging technologies in accounting and auditing. As research relating to emerging technology is still gaining prominence, where necessary, online searching for supplementary information were accessed from the websites of accessible sources such as the ‘Big Four’ audit firms and professional accounting bodies. We report that in this developing economy, in the Vietnamese context, there are some major challenges we believe are significantly related to emerging technology adoption and usage in the accounting and auditing fields.
Dissemination and implementation (D&I) science can be described as the scientific study of the strategies and mechanisms by which scientific evidence is disseminated and implemented in community or clinical settings to improve outcomes for a specified population. This paper provides an overview of D&I science as it relates to health and physical activity promotion. It provides definitions and specifications for D&I strategies and an overview of the types of theories, models, and frameworks used to advance this work. Finally, this review demonstrated the need for physical activity researchers to (a) test relationships between changes in D&I explanatory constructs and D&I outcomes; (b) determine the utility of D&I strategies, based on explanatory theories, to improve intervention reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance; (c) develop strategies to take interventions to scale and reduce disparities; and (d) develop interventions and D&I strategies, in collaboration with those who would ultimately be responsible for implementation.
AbstrakTujuan – Penelitian ini menganalisis skalabilitas sistem teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) Universitas Terbuka (UT), menganalisis penyebab UT belum mampu mencapai transformasi proses bisnis pada level yang tinggi, dan mengetahui potensi penerapan audit berkelanjutan (CA).Metode penelitian – studi kasus digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data bersumber dari data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara. Peneliti menggunakan teknik analisis data model Miles dan Huberman (2014), yang terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Selanjutnya peneliti melakukan triangulasi dan member checking. Temuan – Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan sistem TIK UT tidak cukup terskalakan (unscalable) untuk menangani berbagai penambahan beban. Terdapat beragam fitur permintaan pengguna, namun TIK UT belum sanggup memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Terdapat ketimpangan antara strategi dengan kapabilitas yang dimiliki. Selain itu sistem TIK UT saat ini baru sebagian saja yang terotomatisasi dan terintegrasi sehingga audit berkelanjutan belum dapat diterapkan di UT.Originalitas – Penelitian-penelitian terdahulu banyak mengkaji hubungan antara penggunaan TIK dengan kinerja organisasi. Penelitian ini akan dititikberatkan pada pengujian skalabilitas sistem TIK; kasus ketertundaan transformasi dan pengidentifikasian potensi penerapan CA di UT.
Examinamos a percepção contemporânea da catástrofe, marcada pela dissociação entre conhecimento de risco e o afeto de prudência. Para tal, elaboramos o conceito de zona cinza: espaço enfumaçado, em que as fronteiras entre legal e ilegal, causa e efeito, se baralham em nome das exigências da destruição criativa. Associando arte e literatura à desastres como a lama que inundou Brumadinho, o fumaceiro que sufocou São Paulo e a pandemia do Covid19, examinamos as várias facetas econômicas, sociais e estéticas que corroboram com o sentimento de impotência face a um futuro sombrio.
A blockchain is an open, distributed ledger that can record transactions between two parties in an efficient, verifiable, and permanent way. Once recorded in a block, the transaction data cannot be altered retroactively. Moreover, smart contracts can be put in place to ensure that any new data added to the blockchain respects the terms of an agreement between the involved parties. As such, the blockchain becomes the single source of truth for all stakeholders in the system. These characteristics make blockchain technology especially useful in the context of Industry 4.0, distributed in nature, but with important requirements of trust and accountability among the large number of devices involved in the collaboration. In this chapter, we will see concrete scenarios where cyber-physical systems (CPSs) can benefit from blockchain technology, especially focusing on how blockchain works in practice, and which are the design and architectural trade-offs we should keep in mind when adopting this technology both for the design and operation of CPSs.
Usually, innovative products came to market with no standardization in their characteristics, resulting in frequent incompatibilities among similar products from different manufacturers. Thus, it is important to have standards available to industry as soon as possible. However, if standards are developed too early, maybe products finally do not succeed in the market and standardization efforts are lost, or maybe the technology continues evolving before it achieves some stability. If standards are developed too late, then probably their impact and usefulness for industry is much more limited. Basing in the adoption curve for innovative products, we formulated a proposal about the right moment to develop new standards for such products. To facilitate comparisons, we have defined an adequate common metric scale. This proposal has been verified by the analysis of some cases of innovative products, in which we have reviewed the adoption process and the starting of the standardization activity.
This entry provides an overview of Sidney G. Winter’s academic career, some of his early work, and the ideas it built on. The evolution of the program that he and his collaborators launched more than 50 years ago is briefly described. We point out that Winter’s work is a goldmine of inspiration for those who wish to understand and address many of the problems that are challenging today’s businesses and policy-makers across the globe.
The chapter offers a descriptive analysis of an enhanced integration project in Hervanta, one of the largest multicultural suburbs in Finland. The focus of this chapter is on how social work competencies developed in a process of collaborative learning. The three-year pilot project aimed at enhancing refugee integration into Finnish society through community social work and two-way integration. The project established a community drop-in centre, Kototori, where a social worker and social instructor worked to develop community initiatives and local projects. Social work basic competencies transformed in the dialogical process of collaborative learning and emancipatory social development. This required analytical thinking and stepping outside the city’s institutional framework for adult social work. This meant deconstructing power relations between individuals, community members and social workers. The approach included analysing both the community and individual residents’ needs, treating people as equal partners, developing possibilities to participate and offering new meaningful roles to service users, in effect creating an experimental working culture. The transformation of professional competence was classified into four competency elements: forming relationship-based social work, promoting a sense of community and community-based social work, experimentation and shared action for social change and finally creativity and analytical thinking.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the diffusion of one sport innovation to forecast a second. Contextualized within the diffusion of innovations theory, this study investigated cumulative business analytics diffusion as an analog for cumulative natural language processing (NLP) diffusion in professional sport. A total of 89 teams of the 123 teams in the Big Four North American men’s professional sport leagues contributed: 21 from the National Football League, 23 from the National Basketball Association, 22 from Major League Baseball, and 23 from the National Hockey League. Utilizing an analogous forecasting approach, a discrete derivation of the Bass model was applied to cumulative BA adoption data. Parameters were then extended to predict cumulative NLP adoption. Resulting BA-estimated parameters ( p = .0072, q = .3644) determined a close fit to NLP diffusion (root mean square error of approximation = 3.51, mean absolute error = 2.98), thereby validating BA to predict the takeoff and full adoption of NLP. This study illuminates an ongoing and isomorphic process for diffusion of innovations in the professional sport social system and generates a novel application of diffusion of innovations theory to the sport industry.
Innovations (adoption of laws by states) were studied in three “have-not” oriented policy areas: education, welfare, and civil rights. A model of the diffusion process based on user interaction was constructed; it performed fairly well under evaluation by several common criteria. Graphical analysis showed, however, that diffusion patterns do differ by issue area and by degree of federal involvement. Political and economic explanations proved to be useful in determining which states are the first to adopt laws. A brief case history of the adoption of Mothers’ Aid legislation pointed up the strong effect of Progressive sympathies on early adopters. Finally, it was shown that “innovativeness” is not a pervasive factor; rather, it is issue-and time-specific at best. © 1973, American Political Science Association. All rights reserved.
Scitation is the online home of leading journals and conference proceedings from AIP Publishing and AIP Member Societies
Analyzing data gathered in studies of three different “news breaks,” the authors describe apparent regularities in the diffusion process and note differences in the functions of the newspaper and broadcast media. Other findings suggest that person-to-person “relay” may be of limited importance.
This paper discusses a number of complex and currently unresolved conceptual issues arising in research on innovation in complex organizations. In an effort to link the issues they are approached through an exploration of the factors responsible for instability in empirical findings. Four separate sources of instability are defined and their theoretical and methodological implications are treated at some length. The analysis of the relative adoptability of innovations and the innovativeness of organizations are found to be related by mirror-image theoretical symmetry. The four sources of instability are seen to have the same implications for the development of a theory of adoptability. Seven prescriptions for research on innovation are suggested. Although this study suggests how one might arrive at a general theory of innovation, it does not actually construct any specific theory.
This is a study of factors responsible for the wide cross-sectional differences in the past and current rates of use of hybrid seed corn in the United States. Logistic growth functions are fitted to the data by states and crop reporting districts, reducing differences among areas to differences in estimates of the three parameters of the logistic: origins, slopes, and ceilings. The lag in the development of adaptable hybrids for particular areas and the lag in the entry of seed producers into these areas (differences in origins) are explained on the basis of varying profitability of entry, "profitability" being a function of market density, and innovation and marketing cost. Differences in the long-run equilibrium use of hybrid corn (ceilings) and in the rates of approach to that equilibrium (slopes) are explained, at least in part, by differences in the profitability of the shift from open pollinated to hybrid varieties in different parts of the country. The results are summarized and the conclusion is drawn that the process of innovation, the process of adapting and distributing a particular invention to different markets and the rate at which it is accepted by entrepreneurs are amenable to economic analysis.
Network externalities — the requirement that there be a group of subscribers if communications are to occur — play a central role in the demand for new networks. And as telecommunications evolve, new networks have increasingly taken attention. In an effort to describe the demand for new networks, this paper investigates the critical mass phenomena that characterize network externalities. The experience to date with the Minitel information service in France serves as an informal empirical check on conclusions. With this base, the paper then draws implications for the domain appropriate to regulation and for universal service pricing under liberalization. It concludes with a speculation about the role of mixed economy, illustrated by the construction of Japanese universal service.
A qualitative study of end-user computing applications in five departments in three organizations was undertaken. The study was designed to develop an empirically grounded model of the adoption process for intellectual technologies—technologies that are inherently flexible, enabling the user to take on the role of developer. Detailed analysis of 43 user-developed computing applications resulted in a model consisting of five stages: Resource Acquisition, Application Development, Adoption/Renewal, Routinization/Enhancement, and External Adoption. By comparing this model with two prior models of the adoption process, aspects of the adoption process requiring futher research were identified.
The diffusion theory literature offers a fairly well-developed conceptual framework for the study of communications. As developed across a number of disciplines, diffusion applies to the flow of information, ideas, and products; its uniqueness is its focus on interpersonal communication transfer. This paper offers new theoretical propositions to advance consumer diffusion research and to provide a foundation for diffusion modeling.
Social Learning Theory
- Albert Bandura
- A Bandura
The Propagation of Innovation Waves
- Torsten Hägerstrand
- T Hägerstrand
Innovative Behavior and Communication
- Thomas S Robertson
- TS Robertson
The Snowmobile Revolution: Technology and Social Change in the Arctic
- Pertti J Pelto
- PJ Pelto
Communication Technology
- Everett M Rogers
- EM Rogers