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Predictors of consumer trust: Likelihood to pay online
Abstract
Purpose
Using data relating to eBay transactions, investigates the economic, demographic, and geographic factors affecting willingness to pay for purchases online.
Design/methodology/approach
Carries out regression analysis of 3,386 eBay transactions, over a two‐year period, reported by two American sellers operating on the United States eBay site. In all auctions examined, consumers had the option of making payment online or by various traditional payment methods.
Findings
Analysis identifies several variables as reasonable predictors of the chosen payment method, including the value of the transaction, the buyer's gender, rural versus urban residence, and several other characteristics of the community in which the buyer lives.
Research limitations/implications
The general demographic, geographic, and economic variables of consumers can be used by researchers and planners to predict consumers' willingness to make online payments. The effect of income demands further investigation. Factors not identified – such as consumer personality and ethnicity or product category – might also influence this form of online consumer behaviour. The study is restricted to online consumer auction transactions in one country only.
Originality/value
Uses a larger sample than most previous studies of eBay to identify general demographic, geographic, and economic characteristics of an American sample of eBay consumers, which act as predictors of willingness to make online payments for purchases. Can be a departure point for further research in other countries.
... Using the terminology of Mayer et al. (1995: 715), we here assess the trustee's traits (e-vendor and website characteristics in our study) that can engender shoppers' trust therein. Following increased research into online contexts in recent years, the study of C2C sales systems is gaining ground, although most works explore the types and mechanisms of the auction system ( Kwon et al., 2002;Bradlow, 2005, Gopal et al., 2007), pricing ( Kung et al., 2002;Tu, 2008, Rice, 2007Lee et al., 2009), purchase behavior through auctions ( Weinberg and Davis, 2005;Peters and Bodkin, 2007), and the factors influencing auction purchasing ( Black, 2005;Shehryar, 2008). As pointed out in a number of recent works, further inquiry into these types of inter-individual exchanges is needed. ...
... Thus, firms that sell online should convey information on security and privacy to consumers clearly and accessibly ( Yousafzai et al., 2005;Wang et al., 2004). The importance of these policies has already been highlighted in the P2P (peer-to-peer) context ( Rice, 2007) and in the relationship between the likelihood of online payment and online trust in the auction system ( Black, 2005), and in the relation between perceived security and trust in online transactions ( Chellapa and Pavlou, 2002). Several works have pointed to security as a determinant of trust ( Lu et al., 2012) and satisfaction ( Jones and Leonard, 2007;Rauniar et al., 2009) in C2C online auctions. ...
... These systems strengthen website security systems by keeping fraudulent sellers away. Some studies point out that eBay is greatly concerned with privacy and security and that it invests in the latest hardware and software whenever a new security element becomes available ( Light, 2003;Black, 2005). However, C2C auction sites create a business environment characterized by a higher level of risk, uncertainty, and complexity for its users ( Yen and Lu, 2008). ...
One of the most important and the most difficult challenges in the context of an online as opposed to an offline purchase is how to generate consumer trust. It is likely that the signals that generate trust will differ in online C2C auctions from online B2C purchasing through other Websites. This chapter follows signaling theory and presents a model that attempts to capture the effects of Website signals and perceived risk on consumer trust and draws comparisons between C2C and B2C online contexts using multigroup analysis. Using information collected from a sample of online buyers, results show that vendors should stress the quality of information given to the client on C2C Websites, the offer of a wide variety of competitive prices, and the guarantee of meeting deadlines, whereas in the case of B2C sites there seem to be a series of factors that create trust in a balanced way.
... Using the terminology of Mayer et al. (1995: 715), we here assess the trustee's traits (e-vendor and website characteristics in our study) that can engender shoppers' trust therein. Following increased research into online contexts in recent years, the study of C2C sales systems is gaining ground, although most works explore the types and mechanisms of the auction system ( Kwon et al., 2002;Bradlow, 2005, Gopal et al., 2007), pricing ( Kung et al., 2002;Tu, 2008, Rice, 2007Lee et al., 2009), purchase behavior through auctions ( Weinberg and Davis, 2005;Peters and Bodkin, 2007), and the factors influencing auction purchasing ( Black, 2005;Shehryar, 2008). As pointed out in a number of recent works, further inquiry into these types of inter-individual exchanges is needed. ...
... Thus, firms that sell online should convey information on security and privacy to consumers clearly and accessibly ( Yousafzai et al., 2005;Wang et al., 2004). The importance of these policies has already been highlighted in the P2P (peer-to-peer) context ( Rice, 2007) and in the relationship between the likelihood of online payment and online trust in the auction system ( Black, 2005), and in the relation between perceived security and trust in online transactions ( Chellapa and Pavlou, 2002). Several works have pointed to security as a determinant of trust ( Lu et al., 2012) and satisfaction ( Jones and Leonard, 2007;Rauniar et al., 2009) in C2C online auctions. ...
... These systems strengthen website security systems by keeping fraudulent sellers away. Some studies point out that eBay is greatly concerned with privacy and security and that it invests in the latest hardware and software whenever a new security element becomes available ( Light, 2003;Black, 2005). However, C2C auction sites create a business environment characterized by a higher level of risk, uncertainty, and complexity for its users ( Yen and Lu, 2008). ...
One of the most important and the most difficult challenges in the context of an online as opposed to an offline purchase is how to generate consumer trust. It is likely that the signals that generate trust will differ in online C2C auctions from online B2C purchasing through other Websites. This chapter follows signaling theory and presents a model that attempts to capture the effects of Website signals and perceived risk on consumer trust and draws comparisons between C2C and B2C online contexts using multigroup analysis. Using information collected from a sample of online buyers, results show that vendors should stress the quality of information given to the client on C2C Websites, the offer of a wide variety of competitive prices, and the guarantee of meeting deadlines, whereas in the case of B2C sites there seem to be a series of factors that create trust in a balanced way.
... Entre las diferentes formas de compra a través de Internet, se encuentra la compra a una empresa en su sitio web B2C (business-to-consumer) y la compraventa entre particulares C2C (consumer-toconsumer ), siendo la más conocida la modalidad de subasta tipo eBay, que en los últimos años ha sufrido un gran desarrollo (Liberos, 2010). Tras el incremento de la investigación en el ámbito online en los últimos años, está adquiriendo interés el estudio del sistema de venta C2C, aunque la mayoría de trabajos se ocupan de analizar los tipos y mecanismos del sistema de subasta (Kwon et al., 2002; Park y Bradlow, 2005), de fijación de precios (Kung et al., 2002; Hou, 2007; Rice, 2007; Tu, 2008, Kumar y Maher, 2008), los comportamientos de compra mediante subasta (Weinberg y Davis, 2005; Peters y Bodkin, 2007) o los factores influyentes en la compra por subasta (Black, 2005; Finch, 2007; Shehryar, 2008). Como señalan varios trabajos recientes, es necesario estudiar más este tipo de intercambios entre particulares (Black, 2005; Jones y Leonard, 2007; Plouffe, 2008). ...
... Tras el incremento de la investigación en el ámbito online en los últimos años, está adquiriendo interés el estudio del sistema de venta C2C, aunque la mayoría de trabajos se ocupan de analizar los tipos y mecanismos del sistema de subasta (Kwon et al., 2002; Park y Bradlow, 2005), de fijación de precios (Kung et al., 2002; Hou, 2007; Rice, 2007; Tu, 2008, Kumar y Maher, 2008), los comportamientos de compra mediante subasta (Weinberg y Davis, 2005; Peters y Bodkin, 2007) o los factores influyentes en la compra por subasta (Black, 2005; Finch, 2007; Shehryar, 2008). Como señalan varios trabajos recientes, es necesario estudiar más este tipo de intercambios entre particulares (Black, 2005; Jones y Leonard, 2007; Plouffe, 2008). Precisamente el objetivo de este estudio es avanzar en el estudio comparado del comercio C2C frente al comercio B2C en lo que respecta a la generación de confianza en el consumidor. ...
... Así, los compradores que más creen en la seguridad y privacidad de datos cuando compran en un determinado sitio web tenderán a confiar en el sitio web, a proporcionar más información y a comprar online, por lo que las empresas de venta online deben comunicar la información sobre privacidad y seguridad de forma clara y accesible a los consumidores (Wang et al., 2004; Yousafzai et al., 2005 ). También se ha resaltado la importancia de estas políticas en el contexto P2P (peer-to-peer) (Rice, 2007) y la relación de la probabilidad de pago online con la confianza online en el sistema de subasta (Black, 2005) y de la seguridad percibida en la confianza en las transacciones online (Chellapa y Pavlou, 2002). Hay estudios que señalan que eBay se preocupa en gran medida por la privacidad y seguridad realizando grandes inversiones en hardware y software siempre que un nuevo elemento de seguridad está disponible (Light, 2003; Black, 2005). ...
Studies on electronic Internet commerce are an important part of the research in marketing, bur there are still few works that have dealt with auction systems. Because of the especial characteristics of online buying, one of the most important and the most difficult challenges in the context of an online purchase as opposed to offline purchases is how to generate consumer trust. Nevertheless, it is likely that the signals that generate trust will differ in online auctions from online purchasing through other websites. This work presents a model that attempts to capture the effects of web-site signals on consumer trust and draws comparisons between auction and the rest of online shopping contexts. The main results and implications are presented using information collected from a sample of online buyers.
... In the first phase, we observed the dependence of the perceived value of the transaction (Black, 2005) concerning green and traditional products on the use of minimal and technological PoPs. The 4-items scale that measures the value of the transaction was adapted from Black (2005) to test through a one-way ANOVA to what extent the consumers think it is worthy of spending time and effort in the elaboration of the stimuli delivered by the PoP. ...
... In the first phase, we observed the dependence of the perceived value of the transaction (Black, 2005) concerning green and traditional products on the use of minimal and technological PoPs. The 4-items scale that measures the value of the transaction was adapted from Black (2005) to test through a one-way ANOVA to what extent the consumers think it is worthy of spending time and effort in the elaboration of the stimuli delivered by the PoP. Since we expected the value of the transaction to vary among low-involvement and high-involvement decisions (see Study 1) and the latter to depend on both the product category and the green nature of the displayed product, we randomly assigned a total of 217 respondents to one of the following manipulations: functional appeals for green/non-green AAA batteries through a minimal PoP and emotional appeals for green/non-green running shoes through a technological PoP (see Annex 2 for details). ...
This paper presents two empirical studies that investigate various combinations of different products and types of Point-of-Purchase displays (PoPs) from self-regulation and operant conditioning theoretical perspectives. The results reveal that PoPs’ effectiveness depends on the congruence between, on the one hand, the type and the content of the PoP and, on the other hand, the perceived product attributes. After discussing how to engage consumers with product-related signals that help perceive an adequate control over the in-store purchasing experience, the paper contributes to the literature by offering theoretical and managerial implications on designing effective green products display strategies.
... Previous studies have also indicated that users are found to have a positive attitude when they believe that the technology they use will improve their productivity (Chau and Hu, 2001). Attitude has been found to be a strong determinant of continuance intention (Black, 2005) and other studies related to technology have also confirmed that attitude has a strong impact on continuance use intention (Amoroso and Ogawa, 2011;Cheng, 2011). Therefore, the following hypothesis was proposed: ...
... Therefore, attitude is the one of the main drivers of users' continuous desire (Daragmeh et al., 2021). In addition, this study echoes with previous studies which found that attitude had a strong impact on continuance intention (Black, 2005;Amoroso and Ogawa, 2011;Cheng, 2011). Thus, the participants of this study have positive attitude in using Apple Watch for guided respiration and are willing to continue using the product. ...
COVID-19 mortality rates are increasing worldwide, which has led to many highly restrictive precautionary measures and a strong sense of anxiety about the outbreak for many people around the world. There is thus an increasing concern about COVID-19 anxiety, resulting in recommending approaches for effective self-care. From a positive psychology perspective, it is also important for people to have positive affect when dealing with this pandemic. According to previous literature, respiration is considered to be an effective way to enhance people’s mental health. Among all the wearable devices, Apple Watch has the largest market share, so this study recruited Chinese users that use respiration exercise function on Apple Watch; a total of 316 valid data were retrieved. Meanwhile, to understand one approach related to using Apple Watch to practice respiration to reduce COVID-19 anxiety about being infected during the COVID-19 outbreak, this study used a web-based cross-sectional survey to examine anxiety about being infected by COVID-19 among Chinese people who had been using the Apple Watch to practice respiration during the period of the COVID-19 outbreak. The study was based on the Health Theoretical Model, and the model was developed with four dimensions and was validated with structural equation modeling. The results of this study showed that practicing few minutes had a positive relationship on positive attitude, and positive attitude had a negative relationship on pandemic anxiety and a positive relationship on continuance use intention. Anxiety about the pandemic had a negative relationship on the intention to continue using the function. This showed that respiration practice can help to suppress the increase in anxiety levels regarding this pandemic.
... This is maybe in light of the fact that the significance of perceived risk to online buying was not clear around then. To date it is clear that a purchaser's perceived risk is one of the significant obstructions to the development of online trade (Awad, 2004;Culnan, 1999;FTC, 2000;United Nations, 2001, 2005, there have been various examinations tending to this issue. Miyazaki and Fernandez (2001) characterized online risk perceived as the risks identified with shopper's online experience, and buyer's stress over the security and privacy issues when managing on the web exchanges. ...
... Studies like Eastlick et al. (2006) have additionally introduced a negative connection between risk perceived and trust. Along these lines, decreased perceived risk builds trust and great attitude towards web based shopping (Black, 2005; Van der Heijden et al., 2003). The correct harmony between risk perceived and trust is important for the success of web based business (Grabner-Krauter and Kaluscha, 2003). ...
... Sikap direpresentasikan dalam banyak cara, diantaranya melalui evaluasi, representasi dalam memori atau struktur pengetahuan (Olson & Zanna, 1993). Sikap terhadap peng gunaan memiliki pengaruh yang kuat pada continuance intention (Black, 2005). ...
... Dimana sikap direpresentasikan salah satunya melalui evaluasi yang dilakukan oleh pengguna layanan transportasi ride-hailing. Hasil temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitian Amoroso & Lim (2017); Black (2005) bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara attitude dengan continuance intention. ...
Abstrak. Moda transportasi berbasis teknologi digital ride-hailing merupakan salah satu bisnis transportasi yang masih bisa bertahan dalam kondisi pandemi COVID-19. Di Indonesia layanan ini tidak sepenuhnya di non aktifkan tetapi hanya membatasi beberapa fitur layanan yang disesuaikan dengan protokol penangan COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh attitude, customer satisfaction, trust, dan subjective knowledge terhadap continuance intention pada jasa ride-hailing selama periode Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Dengan pertimbangan jumlah keseluruhan dari populasi dalam penelitian ini tidak diketahui, maka sampel diambil menggunakan sampel non probabilitas dan diperoleh jumlan sampel sebanyak 225 responden pengguna layanan ride-hailing. Pengujian hipotesis menggunakan teknik Strukktural Equation Model. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian trust berpengaruh signifikan terhadap attitude, customer satisfaction berpengaruh signifikan terhadap trust, konstruk trust secara langsung maupun tidak langsung berdampak signifikan terhadap continuance intention yang dimediasi oleh attitude, customer satisfaction secara langsung maupun secara tidak langsung memiliki dampak positif signifikan terhadap attitude melalui trust, attitude berpengaruh signifikan terhadap continuance intention, customer satisfaction secara langsung secara tidak langsung memiliki dampak signifikan pada continuance intention yang dimediasi attitude serta trust, dan subjective knowledge berpengaruh signifikan terhadap continuance intention. Selanjutnya Hasil penelitian ini memberikan dukungan empiris terhadap Theory of Reasoned Action dengan menambahkan konstruk trust, subjective knowledge, dan customer satisfaction pada model penelitan. Dimana dari ketujuh hipotesis yang diajukan keseluruhannya dapat diterima. Kata kunci: Trust, attitude, subjective knowledge, customer satisfaction, continuance intention
... Both genders appreciate the usefulness of VTO and PVT technologies. Black (2005) identified a buyer's gender as a significant predictor of the chosen payment method to the online vendor. Alshurideh et al. (2021) found the moderating effect of gender on relationships of consumers' perceived ease-of-use and trust to develop their intention to use electronic payment systems. ...
... 1. Lesser effect of online trust on men intentions to purchase online than women 2. Value their ability to post content online 1. More substantial effect of online trust on women intentions to purchase online 2. Value the responsive participation of other consumers to their posted content Black (2005) Willingness to make online payments More likely to make an online payment Less likely to make online payments Cyr et al. (2007) 1. Loyalty toward an e-service website 2. What type of online content men and women seek? ...
... Kramer (1999) is of the view that trust is a complex state that result from individual's inadequate knowledge about the motives of the other party in a relationship. In the case of e-commerce, trust is not just about the merchant, but even the online platform itself (Bianchi and Andrews, 2012;Harridge-March, 2006;Black, 2005). Studies have shown that trust in third-parties positively influenced attitude towards online purchases, and this includes third-party assurance seals (McCole et al., 2010;Park et al., 2010). ...
... Studies like Eastlick et al. (2006) have also presented a negative relationship between perceived risk and trust. Thus, reduced perceived risk increases trust and favourable attitude towards online shopping (Black, 2005;Van der Heijden et al., 2003). The right balance between perceived risk and trust is therefore critical for the success ofecommerce (Grabner-Krauter and Kaluscha, 2003), including m-shopping. ...
Purpose: This study investigates the influence of perceived online risk on m-shopping behaviour in an immature market, and how consumer trust could moderate that relationship. Design/methodology/approach: University students in Ghana represents the sample for the study. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to check for validity and reliability of the measurement items. After which a hierarchical regression model was performed. Findings: Findings revealed that, perceived financial and product risks had negative effects on m-shopping behaviour. Trust also had positive effect on m-shopping behaviour. Consumer trust however significantly reduced the negative effects of perceived financial and product risks on m-shopping behaviour. Practical/social implications: Effective addressing system is a prerequisite for m-shopping survival, and the government must intensify efforts in making citizens register for the digital address. A mandatory digital address would be useful for assessing facilities like banking, application for employment, admission to educational institutions, and company registration.
... The findings suggest that our expanded model serves as a very good predictor of consumers' online purchasing behaviors. Black (2005) investigated whether various factors influence consumer willingness to make online purchases. This study was conducted using regression analysis of 3,386 eBay transactions over a two-year period. ...
... Several studies found that Figure 2. Initial conceptual model attitude toward using was not significant in explaing or predicting behavioral intention to use (Sun, 2003;Todd & Taylor, 1995). Other studies found that the attitude construct was a strong indicator of the performance of behvaioral intention to use (Mathieson, 1991;Chau & Hu, 2001;Wu, 2003;Athiyman, 2002;Black, 2005). Wu (2003) found that consumers who shop online have higher attitude scores, which are directly related to online purchase decisions. ...
This research examines the constructs of high and low trust on consumers' behavior with online shopping. The authors developed a research model and instrument to study the trust construct in the acceptance online shopping applications. The authors hypothesized that trust positively influences a person's intention to purchase from a virtual store and that trust positively affects the consumer's attitude toward using the e-store. Consumers who trust an online company feel more committed to it. Previous research showed that the causal antecedents of customer confidence in e-tailers included the site's ease of use, the level of online shopping resources, and existence of a trusted third party seal. The authors developed a survey instrument where in a sample of 940 respondents the constructs yielded respectable reliability and construct validity. The authors conducted analysis for the measurement reliability and validity by Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients and confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS 21. The measurement scales for this instrument showed strong psychometric properties. Average Variance Extracted AVE was extracted for assessing convergent and discriminant validity showing strong support for the research model. The causal structure of the research models was tested using a Structural Equation Model SEM. The authors found that intrinsic motivation was more important for attitude toward online purchasing among high truster persons, and under low institution environments, people tended to form positive attitudes mainly based on preserved usefulness without intrinsic motivation. The authors found that attitude toward using acts as a strong predictor of behavioral intention to use and actual usage of online shopping technologies. According to the authors' results, trust provides the foundation with which intrinsic motivation will work well. In other words, trust may have long-term effects on online shopping behavior.
... Matemba and Li (2018) and Grabner-Kräuter and Kaluscha (2003) have asserted that customer trust directly affects willingness to accept new technologies. Previous studies have highlighted the significance of trust as a key driver of technology adoption (Black 2005; Fleischmann and Ivens 2019; Kumar et al. 2021;Ofori et al. 2017;Sas and Khairuddin 2015). ...
Cryptocurrency has gained popularity as a potential new global payment method. It has the potential to be faster, cheaper, and more secure than existing payment networks, making it a game-changer in the global economy. However, more research is needed to identify the factors driving cryptocurrency adoption and understand its impact. We use social network analysis (SNA) to identify the influencing factors and reveal the impact of each on cryptocurrency adoption. Our analysis initially revealed 44 influential factors, which were later reduced to 25 factors, each exerting a different influence. Based on the SNA, we classify these factors into highly, moderately, and least influential categories. Discomfort and optimism are the most influential determinants of adoption. Moderately influential factors include trust, risk, relative advantage, social influence, and perceived behavioral control. Price/value, facilitating conditions, compatibility, and usefulness are the least influential. The factors affecting cryptocurrency adoption are interdependent. Our findings can help policymakers understand the factors influencing cryptocurrency adoption and aid in developing appropriate legal frameworks for cryptocurrency use.
... (Chau & Hu, 2011). Attitude toward using was found to have a strong impact on continuance intention (Black, 2005). Affective commitment, a type of consumer attitude, was related to intention to purchase from the same vendor. ...
How do the behavioral-cognitive-emotional constructs of attitude, satisfaction, and habit drive consumer con-tinuance intention of incumbent mobile technologies? From a survey of 528 consumers, we ran two structural equation models: model #1 is a base model of direct effects of attitudes and satisfaction on continuance intention ; model #2 adds habit as a mediator variable. We show that consumer attitudes are stronger predictors of continuance intention, without mediation effects from habit. Consumer satisfaction only weakly predicts con-tinuance intention and is mediated by habit. While satisfaction is correlated with consumer attitude, and satisfaction is correlated with habit, consumer attitudes seem unrelated to any habits. Attitude seems to be the strongest determinant of continuance intention; second, in the absence of compelling rational data, or given beliefs that competitors are largely undifferentiated, consumers might continue using the same product. Such complex interactions between variables may not be adequately captured in a straightforward variance model, however this study extends research in habit and continuance intention and provides for future research exploring the importance of habit over satisfaction and predominance of consumer attitudes in predicting con-tinuance intention.
... Los compradores que llegan a tener mayor confianza acerca de la privacidad de sus datos son aquellos que compran en un sitio web y tienden a repetir la compra, debido a la confianza en la seguridad y privacidad de los datos entregados (Yousafzai et al., 2005). Al respecto, existen estudios que señalan que los sitios web que tienen una preocupación exhaustiva en su política de privacidad, realizando, por ejemplo, grandes inversiones en mecanismos informáticos de protección a sus fuentes de información, llegan a mantener a sus usuarios confiando de manera más fuerte y por periodos más prolongados de tiempo (Black, 2005). ...
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo probar un modelo de formación de intención de compra en el comercio electrónico en periodo de pandemia, con el fin de establecer las similitudes y diferencias que se podrían desarrollar en la relación de estas variables en un contexto de normalidad. Para llevar a cabo ese objetivo, se propone un modelo donde la confianza y la facilidad de uso son los antecedentes más relevantes de la Intención de compra online. La disposición a confiar, la privacidad y la seguridad son consideradas como variables determinantes de la confianza, mientras que, las características utilitarias y hedónicas se consideran determinantes de la facilidad de uso. Para probar el modelo, se consideró una muestra de 242 usuarios de plataformas de comercio electrónico en Chile; esas relaciones se analizaron utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Como resultado de la investigación, se pudo constatar que el efecto de la confianza y la facilidad de uso se comprueban en este contexto, pero llama la atención un mayor efecto de la segunda variable con respecto a la primera; además, se determinó que el efecto de la disposición a confiar y la privacidad sobre la confianza no es significativo, al igual que el de las características hedónicas sobre la facilidad de uso, dando un rol protagónico a la seguridad y las características utilitarias en el modelo. Los resultados del estudio contribuyen a que los administradores orienten sus objetivos de gestión hacia estas variables en pos de mejorar la Intención de compra de los consumidores.
... argued that thinking is a natural process, but when left to it, can often be biased, distorted, partial, uninformed and potentially prejudiced however; excellence in thought must be cultivated. Black (2005) also found that students are able to improve their thinking skills if they were taught how to think. Biggs (2003) also added that the teaching methods must be aligned with assessment methods and learning goals for teaching effectiveness to be enhanced On the other hand, the least indicator is the utilization of instructional materials that sustains learners' attention in achieving teaching objectives which is to a very high competence wherein it also indicates that the teachers also manifest the pedagogical content and skills all the time. ...
This study determined the correlation of teaching behavior and instructional competence of public elementary school teachers in the District of Talisayan, Division of Misamis Oriental during the school year 2020-2021. It focused on the different areas of teaching behavior namely: instructional, socio-emotional, and organizational. Instructional competence focused on different domains such as: mastery of the subject matter, teachings skills, classroom management, and evaluation skills. The relationship of the abovementioned dimensions were also determined as to the public school teachers’ teaching performance. This study used the descriptive correlational method of research and data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, and Pearson-r moment correlation. The participants of the study were the 89 randomly chosen public school teachers of Talisayan District. The research instrument used to conduct the study on the aspect of teaching behavior was adopted from Connor et al. (2009); while the instructional competence facet was adopted from Barnuevo et al. (2012). Generally, the public elementary school teachers Always exhibit all the dimensions of teaching behaviors. Further, their level of instructional competence is very high. In general, there was a significant relationship between the teaching behavior and instructional competence of the teachers. However, among the dimensions, it was specifically revealed that there was a high significant relationship between organizational teaching behavior and evaluation skills.
... Holub and Johnson (2018) noted in their comprehensive literature review on the topic of crypto-currencies across various disciplines that the majority of the research is focused on technological and business aspects, such as economics, finance, accounting, and taxation, with only a small amount of work dedicated to trust. Previous study has underlined the importance of trust (Black, 2005 Kumar et al., 2020), indicating that it is essential and a significant driver of customer adoption of the technology. A significant exception is Marella et al(2020) .'s research on trust, which examined online Bitcoin debates and identified functionality, dependability, and helpfulness as essential variables. ...
The purpose of this study is to examine investors' perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor's perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
... Therefore, the importance of promoting a trustworthy brand should not be underestimated. A study of uptake of online payment options in United States eBay transactions (Black, 2005) found that trust in online payment systems increased according to a number of demographic factors: Internet exposure and experience; Gender (males are more likely to trust online payment systems); Level of education; Income; Geographic location (rural dwellers are less likely to trust online payment systems). Other factors including culture and website type are also known moderators of the online trust relationship (Kim and Peterson, 2017). ...
It is estimated that more than half of all online transactions are abandoned before completion. This paper investigates the psychological factors that influence online shopping behavior, with a view to improving transactional success rates. Through a review of the literature, we identify a range of factors which predict abandonment of online shopping, highlighting affective and motivational dimensions in addition to processing style and characteristics of the consumer, device, and product. We conclude that online purchasing and payment systems that boost consumers’ motivation to buy and prevent or attenuate negative affective states will demonstrate the greatest rates of transactional success. However, with rapid advancement in technology, continued research is needed to fully understand the potential impact on future online purchasing behavior.
... The importance of trust has been highlighted by past research (Black, 2005;Fleischmann and Ivens, 2019;Ofori et al., 2017;Sas and Khairuddin, 2015;Kumar et al., 2020), suggesting that it is fundamental and constitutes a key driver of consumer adoption of the technology. A notable exception is the study of trust by Marella et al. (2020), who analysed online discussions of Bitcoin and identified functionality, reliability and helpfulness as key constructs. ...
Purpose
In this study, we focus on consumer perceptions of cryptocurrencies. We hypothesize that knowledge of cryptocurrencies, trust in government, and the speed of transactions are the main factors contributing to consumers' trust in cryptocurrencies.
Design/methodology/approach
451 MTurk workers, a convenient sample incentivized with a small monetary payment, participated in a cross-sectional online study with cryptocurrencies serving as the focal product category.
Findings
We obtained support for our hypothesized notion that knowledge of cryptocurrencies, trust in government, and the speed of transactions are the main factors contributing to consumers' trust in cryptocurrencies. Our research makes several important theoretical contributions. First, we demonstrate that consumers who understand and know how cryptocurrencies work are more likely to trust and invest in the currency. Next, we demonstrate that consumers are more likely to trust cryptocurrencies and their peer-to-peer transactions if, preferably, they take place via a central issuer and are regulated by their respective governments.
Originality/value
This study is the first known paper to focus on cryptocurrencies from the consumers' perspective. Next, we identify key antecedents of trust towards cryptocurrencies. Second, we reveal the role of government concerning cryptocurrencies. Finally, FinTech firms and banks (should they choose to enter the cryptocurrency market) need not spend time and money on marketing, advertising, and promotions in order to try to allay consumers' anxiety when it comes to their uptake in the different digital currencies. Rather, this would allow the FinTech firms and banks to allocate resources to focus their attention on marketing, advertising and promoting the factors (i.e. knowledge, trust in government, and speed of transaction) that drive intent to invest in cryptocurrencies.
... Further, it is evident that there is a positive relationship between trust and consumers' perception of E-Payment Systems. These findings are consistent with prior research done by Abrazhevich, (2001), Kurnia and Benjamin, (2007), Black (2005); Abrazhevich (2004); Özkan et al., (2010) and . ...
Electronic payment systems (EPS) provide an alternative for traditional payment systems. Even though EPS provide a more convenient method for performing transactions, customers have not switched to EPS as expected. Researchers have investigated this issue over the past and they have identified that there are a variety of factors hindering the usage of EPS by customers. Literature review reveals that there are contradictory findings between researchers on this matter and hence it is evident that there is no agreement among the researchers as to which factors really affect the usage of EPS by customers. Therefore, this study aimed at identifying critical factors affecting the customer perception towards the use of EPS. Through a thorough literature review, the researchers could identify five antecedents which have been cited by many researchers as important factors determining the usage of EPS. Amongst them, the present research revealed that "benefits", "trust" and "compatibility" as significant antecedents to the adoption of electronic payment systems in Sri Lanka.
... On the other hand it has several disadvantages in medium of transaction. Several studies have pointed out the advantages (Pingjun, 2002;Hsin and Hsin Wei Wang, 2011) and disadvantages such as product risk, delivery and return risk etc. (Russell, 1999;Gregory, 2005;Anita Lifen etal., 2008;Rajasree et al., 2009 andKrishnan, 2017). ...
The present study is undertaken to explore perception among the consumers towards shopping of household products through online. In this regard a sample size of 680 consumers was selected through main survey. This descriptive study is adopted non-probability snowball sampling technique for obtaining consumer perception. The variables of the study are: Perceived Risks and Perceived benefits (independent variables), Consumer Attitude is mediating variable and online shopping behavior is the outcome variable. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to test the conceptual framework, the result shows good fit to the sample data. Hence, finding of the study shows that majority of the respondents perceive insecured transactions in online payments and risks on the online stores. Hence, the online stores would try to gain the faith on the consumers in online transactions.
... Due to absence of salesperson and direct interactions (Black, 2005), online shoppers were unable to physically monitor security and privacy while entering personal credentials during online transactions Turban, 2001 in Monsuwe, Dellaert andRuyter, 2004). Ultimately, the higher degree of perceived risk, the fewer likely shoppers to purchase goods and services online (Kuhlmeier and Knight, 2005). ...
The purpose of this study is to understand relationships between factors of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and online shopping adoption in Malaysia, by focusing on BERJAYA University College of Hospitality as a study field. Specifically, the original Technology Acceptance Model is extended by applying new constructs, demographic, trust and perceived risk. The model is used to investigate relationships across the targeted samples, provided that they are current Internet subscribers. A total of 127 Questionnaires were distributed among students and staffs at the study field using convenience sampling approach. The data gathered was tabulated using SPSS version 17. Three types of analysis; T-Test, One-Way ANOVA, and Pearson Coefficient Correlation were administrated. The findings of this study support previous literatures in regards to demographic, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness; but differ in regards to trust and perceived risk.
... Further, it is evident that there is a positive relationship between trust and consumers' perception of E-Payment Systems. These findings are consistent with prior research done by Abrazhevich, (2001), Kurnia and Benjamin, (2007), Black (2005); Abrazhevich (2004); Özkan et al., (2010) and Zhou (2011). ...
Rapid developmentsinField Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technologieshaveled tointroducing various types of complex chips over the past years from various vendors with different programming technologies;such as Static RAM (SRAM), Anti-fuse and Flash. Hence, today'scutting-edge FPGAs are highly complex in design whilebeing manufacturedon extremely narrow geometries usingadvanced transistor processing technologies such as 7nm FinFet technology. Configurable Logic Blocks(CLBs) and dedicated hard blocks (such asDigital Signal Processors), Block RAMs (BRAMs) and configurable I/O Blocks (IOBs) connected via a complex routing network, all form the full architecture of an FPGA chip. Consequently, thisincreased complexity of currently available FPGAscalls for anup-to-datesurvey which is the aim of this paper where the authors endeavor to give a comprehensive overviewof these available FPGA architectures. This is achieved by following a chronological flowstarting fromthe early history of programmable logicdesigns to today's cutting-edge hybrid FPGA architectures.Also, this paper includes adetaileddiscussion about fundamental elements of reconfigurable logic. This is followed by the discussion of major FPGA architectural challenges and future FPGA trends. This paper concludes how FPGAs can dominate Artificial Intelligence(AI) inference and adaptive data centers by outperforming conventional techniques.
... It was found that any change in attitudes and beliefs will likely have a corresponding impact on, and may even reverse user's continuance intention and behaviour (see Bhattacherjee and Premkumar [15], Bhattacherjee and Sanford [14]). Prior research on information technology usage shows evidence of a strong relationship between attitude and continuance intention (see Amoroso et al. [6] and Black [16]). In particular, in terms of smartphone and mobile technologies, attitude was found significantly linked to continued intention and usage. ...
The move from traditional technologies such as desktop computing environment to ubiquitous media systems (UMS) including ubiquitous and mobile computing essential to analyze decision-making process in order to forecast and understand the continued use of multi-context UMS. As these applications provide easy access across multiple channels, it is of particular interest to explore factors that may affect the continuous intention toward UMS, particularly among generation Z. In this vein, continuous intention is a key indicator of long-term success for information system survival. This study proposed to employ the integrated model of technology readiness (TR) and technology acceptance model (TAM), as well as the mediation effect of technology acceptance model on continuance intention. Understanding the influential factors of continuance intention towards using UMS would assist policymakers to support programs on promoting information technology (IT). Using a sample of 261 adult consumers of ubiquitous media systems in Taiwan and SEM analysis, significant positive direct and indirect influences were found.
... For mobile applications, consumer attitude toward adopting an application is the consumer's evaluation of the desirability to use the application. Black (2005) found that attitude toward using a technology or application was found to have a strong impact on continuance intention. Several studies found a strong relationship between consumer attitudes and repurchase intention of mobile applications. ...
This study builds on existing loyalty literature and theories, and extends to include consumer attitudes impact on continuous intention and loyalty based on relationship marketing and information systems. Three structural equation models built from a survey of 458 mobile Thai consumers revealed that inertia was the strongest factor among all constructs in predicting consumer loyalty and continuance intention, either as mediator or antecedent. Support was found for all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile wallet apps, except for the path between loyalty and continuance intention. Though the direct effects of consumer attitudes were more or less constant, satisfaction became insignificant when inertia acted as a mediator. As an antecedent to both consumer attitudes and satisfaction, inertia significantly increased the explanatory power of continuance intention and loyalty. This study provides new insights into factors that influence loyalty and continuance intention in the context of mobile wallet applications.
... (Chau & Hu, 2011). Attitude toward using was found to have a strong impact on continuance intention (Black, 2005). Affective commitment, a type of consumer attitude, was related to intention to purchase from the same vendor. ...
... related to loyalty to purchase from the same vendor (Marshall, 2010). This relationship study showed a predecessor relationship between one or more consumer attitudes and loyalty as the outcome variable. For mobile applications, consumer attitude toward adopting an application is the consumer's evaluation of the desirability to use the application.Black (2005)found that attitude toward using a technology or application was found to have a strong impact on continuance intention. Several studies found a strong relationship between consumer attitudes and repurchase intention of mobile applications. (Lopez-Nicolas et al., 2008;Park et al., 2007). Shih (2011) and Amoroso and Ogawa (2013) found rel ...
This study builds on existing loyalty literature and theories, and extends to include consumer attitudes impact on continuous intention and loyalty based on relationship marketing and information systems. Three structural equation models built from a survey of 458 mobile Thai consumers revealed that inertia was the strongest factor among all constructs in predicting consumer loyalty and continuance intention, either as mediator or antecedent. Support was found for all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile wallet apps, except for the path between loyalty and continuance intention. Though the direct effects of consumer attitudes were more or less constant, satisfaction became insignificant when inertia acted as a mediator. As an antecedent to both consumer attitudes and satisfaction, inertia significantly increased the explanatory power of continuance intention and loyalty. This study provides new insights into factors that influence loyalty and continuance intention in the context of mobile wallet applications.
... Athiyaman that consumers might avoid online purchasing items such as airline tickets because of their attitudes concerning the security of the Internet. Black (2005) found that attitude toward using was found to have a strong impact on repurchase intention. Park et al. (2007) found a strong relationships between attitude and repurchase / use intention of mobile applications. ...
The use of global mobile technology has increased exponentially. In particular, a survey of consumers in the Philippines showed that 83% “could not live” without their mobile phones. We investigated factors, such as ease of use and personal innovativeness, to elucidate the consumer adoption of mobile technologies in the Philippines, to integrate existing adoption theories for academics and provide recommendations to practitioners based on our findings. Our research questions are as follows: (1) What key factors drive adoption of mobile technologies by Filipino consumers?; (2) Are Filipino consumers innovative in their use of mobile technologies?; And (3) How can telecom companies retain their customers? A structural equation model, which was built from a survey of 528 mobile Filipino consumers, showed support for repurchase intention to use mobile technologies.
The hypotheses were generally supported by variables related to mobile phone usage with the Philippine consumer sample. Results support all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile technologies. Personal innovativeness did load on both attitude and repurchase intention for mobile applications as originally hypothesized but was strongly loaded for attitude toward using. This research is a first step in understanding the adoption of mobile applications by Filipino consumers. We initially hypothesized that consumer behavior toward mobile applications would involve constructs of innovativeness, ease of use, and satisfaction; however, we found that
ease of use was less significant in understanding repurchase intention to use mobile technologies. Personal innovativeness was more important in explaining satisfaction with mobile application attitudes and repurchase intention. The Filipino context of this study also provides other interesting implications. As the Philippines transitions into a more international market, western products start to guide market behavior, particularly consumer adoption.
... Athiyaman (Athiyaman, 2002) found that consumers may avoid online purchasing items such as airline tickets because of their attitudes concerning the security of the Internet. Black (2005) found that attitude toward using was found to have a strong impact on behavioral intention. ...
RATIONALE Mobile technologies have grown tremendously in the past ten years, in every country of the world. In the Philippines, consumers were surveyed and stated that over 83% cannot live without their mobile phone. Our study is looking at the factors for understanding the consumer adoption of mobile technologies in the Philippines. Based on these factors, we are looking to make recommendations to both academics and practitioners on the findings. OBJECTIVES The research questions that we attempted to address include: • What are the key factors for adoption of mobile technologies by the Filipino consumer? • Are Filipino mobile consumers more innovative in the personal use of mobile technologies? METHODOLOGY We developed a survey instrument to measure the adoption factors of mobile technologies by Filipino consumers. Over 725 mobile consumers in the Philippines completed the online survey. Data was downloaded initially as an Excel file from SurveyMonkey then exported to SPSS 20. All cases with " biased " responses and any cases with any missing responses were eliminated from yielding a final sample of 528 Filipino responses. RESULTS The linear regression models show an impressive amount of variance explained for behavioural intention (R 2 =.621) and attitude toward using (R 2 =.372). In both models personal innovation was found to have a statistical impact on both attitude toward using (p<.000) and behavioural intention to use (p<.000). When looking at attitude toward using, the loadings of innovativeness, ease of use, and satisfaction were all important and equally strong with the coefficient loading >0.410. CONCLUSIONS This research takes an important first step in understanding the adoption of mobile applications by Philippine consumers. In general, all of the hypotheses were supported by variables related to mobile phone usage with the Philippine consumer sample. We found strong support for the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile technologies. We found that innovativeness did load on both attitude and behavioral intention for mobile applications as originally hypothesized, but was strongly loaded for attitude toward using.
... Athiyaman (Athiyaman, 2002) found that consumers may avoid online purchasing items such as airline tickets because of their attitudes concerning the security of the Internet. Black (2005) found that attitude toward using was found to have a strong impact on behavioral intention. ...
In this chapter, the authors study factors such as ease of use and personal innovativeness in order to
understand the consumer adoption of mobile technologies in the Philippines in order to build on existing
adoption theories for academics and make recommendations to practitioners. The research questions
include: (1) What key factors drive adoption of mobile technologies by Filipino consumers? (2) How
are Filipino mobile consumers personally innovative in their use of mobile technologies? The authors
surveyed 725 mobile Filipino consumers. The resulting linear regression model shows a significant
amount of variance explained for behavioral intention to use mobile applications. Personal innovation
had a strong statistical impact on both attitude toward using and behavioral intention to use.
... Several studies found that attitude toward using were not significant in explaining or predicting behavioral intention to use (Sun, 2003, Todd & Taylor, 1995. Other studies found that the attitude construct was a strong indicator of the performance of behavioral intention to use (Mathieson, 1991, Chau and6 Hu, 2001, Wu, 2003, Athiyman, 2002Black, 2005). Wu (20030 found that consumers who shop online have higher attitude scores, which are directly related to online purchase decisions. ...
This paper develops a research model that examines online purchasing by consumers. A research model was built to focus on the role of trust and its impact on inertia, loyalty, satisfaction of online consumers. 1,896 consumers in the United States were surveyed using an instrument and structural equation model that yielded respectable reliability and validity. It was discovered that certain sub-constructs of trust play an important role in influencing consumers' behavioral intention toward online shopping. Both institution-based trust and structural assurances-based trust positively influence inertia and satisfaction. The data showed that greater levels of institution-based trust leads to greater levels of online shopping satisfaction using mobile devices. However, a person's perception of structural assurances-based trust does not significantly influence his/her loyalty toward shopping with an online vendor. This paper adds to the understanding of online purchasing. Future researchers can refine the model and instrument to further explain consumers' acceptance of mobile online shopping applications.
... Kim et al. (2004) offers another example, they found that while there are many sources for trust, for repeat customers who have previously engaged in a process of exchange with the organization, the primary determinant of trust for them in customer satisfaction is based on how that prior process turned out and their ability to deliver the product/service in the past exchange. Likewise Black (2005) demonstrated that internet exposure and online experience lead to greater trust in online security and thus a greater willingness to make online payments. ...
This paper develops a framework and model for building trust by combining research on the creation of trust with the dimensions of trust: ability, benevolence and integrity. By combining these dimensions in a matrix with the types of trust production based on characteristics, process and institutions, the paper develops a robust 3 x 3 matrix with which to categorize and understand trust production. The framework is developed and analyzed in the light of literature on consumer trust. This framework can help researchers, practitioners and consumers understand trust creation and assist businesses in developing a comprehensive strategy for managing trust.
... Dholakia and Chiung (2003) investigated the role of gender in the differences in attitude towards online shopping. Black (2005) identified how age, income, gender, education, cost of living, crime index affect purchase intention. Venkatesh and Agarwal (2006) in their seminal work identified how age and gender affect website usability. ...
Lack of trust in online transactions has been cited, by scholars in the past, as the main reason for the dislike of online shopping. The objective of this paper is to develop a framework for studying the influence of website characteristics on Trust in online travel portals and empirically validate it. In the first phase, a causal model is developed in which the relative importance attached to the different website characteristics, to generate trust in online travel portals, are identified. In the next phase, a set of models has been proposed, that focus on the customers' personal variables, i.e., demographic and psychographic—that moderate the relationship between these antecedents of trust, and trust. Our empirical model offers insights into the relative importance of the website characteristics contributing to trust in travel portals across customers of varying psychographic and demographic values in India.
... Athiyaman (2002) found that consumers may avoid online purchasing items such as airline tickets because of their attitudes concerning the security of the Internet. Black (2005) found that attitude toward using was found to have a strong impact on behavioral intention. ...
... The findings suggested that referenced consumer intent to make unplanned purchases was inconclusive but rather that various other individual and environmental factors can also strongly influence consumers' cognitive and emotional responses. Black (2005) found that factors as economic and geographic factors, along with trust, responsiveness, and attitude toward using had an impact on behavioral intention to use and was found to have an effect on consumer willingness to make online purchases. Cheung and Limayem (2005) examined whether prior Internet behavior has a strong and significant effect on continued usage. ...
This research looks at the adoption of Internet and mobile applications comparing the factors that influence
loyalty and satisfaction. It is the intent of this exploratory study to examine factors of adoption that are common in both Japan and the United States. After a comprehensive review of the literature, we derived a research model for and tested related hypotheses with data collected from consumers in both Japan and the United States. The authors used online shopping as the common application between Internet and mobile technologies.
They found that the original technology acceptance model factors to be less important in explaining the
overall variance of satisfaction, especially with mobile applications, than expected. This research takes an
important first step in understanding the adoption of online shopping by differentiating mobile and Internet
factors. Inertia was found to be critical in explaining satisfaction only with mobile applications. This factor
is important for online retailers who count on repeat sales as a major part of their revenue. Loyalty is key to
online retailers identifying the factors that will enhance the satisfaction of the online consumer. This study
provides managers with a framework for online shopping which areas they need to focus upon when launching new online products, such as shaping and/or changing their consumers’ attitude toward using the Internet, making their Website easier to use, and enhancing the perceived usefulness of the technologies that allow consumers to access their products online.
... Athiyaman (2002) found that consumers may avoid online purchasing items such as airline tickets because of their attitudes concerning the security of the Internet. Black (2005) found that attitude toward using was found to have a strong impact on behavioral intention. ...
Global mobile technology use has grown exponentially. A survey of Philippine consumers in particular showed that more than 83% cannot live without their mobile phone. We study factors such as ease of use and personal innovativeness in order to understand the consumer adoption of mobile technologies in the Philippines, in order to build on existing adoption theories for academics and make recommendations to practitioners based on our findings. The research questions that we attempted to address include: (1) what key factors drive adoption of mobile technologies by Filipino consumers? (2) Are Filipino mobile consumers more personally innovative in their use of mobile technologies? We surveyed 725 mobile Filipino consumers, and resulting linear regression models show a significant amount of variance explained for behavioral intention and attitude toward using. In both models personal innovation had statistical impact on both attitude toward using and behavioral intention to use. Innovativeness did load on both attitude and behavioral intention for mobile applications as originally hypothesized, but was strongly loaded for attitude toward using.
... Rather than selling products or services, some web services charge service fees for the transactions made at their sites. Black (2005) examined over three thousands eBay auction transactions and studied how the likelihood to pay online is affected by consumer demographic, economic, and geographic factors. The results pointed to several significant variables, including the value of transaction, buyer gender, rural versus urban residence, and several characteristics of the community in which the buyer lives. ...
A subscription-based business model provides a stable source of revenue for Web 2.0 services. In order to understand why website users are willing to pay for online contents, this study explored the factors that influence users’ decisions to pay for subscriptions online. Eleven important variables were identified, and a survey was conducted to group them into three factors representing the aspects of general service, Web 2.0, and Web 1.0, respectively. As a result, the willingness to pay for subscriptions was classified with a high degree of accuracy. In addition, a Web 2.0 site which charged its heavy users subscription fees provided samples for the second survey. The research construct was validated and the paying members were successfully distinguished from regular members. The results show that the aspects of general service, Web 2.0, and Web 1.0 are all important factors; of these the Web 2.0 aspect had the highest impact on the decision of whether or not to pay for subscriptions. Furthermore, implications for management in operating Web 2.0 websites are discussed and suggestions are provided.
... Monsuwe et al. (2004) found out that that attitudes toward online shopping and intention to shop online are not only affected by ease of use, usefulness and enjoyment, but also by exogenous factors like consumer traits, situational factors, product characteristics, previous online shopping experiences and trust in online shopping. Black (2005), Miyazaki and Fernandez (2001) proved that people who are more educated are more technology oriented and more willing to try out new technologies. Li et al. (1999) argued and empirically showed that customers who do online shopping are more educated than the ones who do not. ...
Online shopping is an innovative option of distribution available in the hands of marketers. It is innovative and creative because marketers can experiment with it in form, content, visibility and availability. In India online shopping is considered as a relevant alternative channel for retailing and it is now an important part of the retail experience. This research study is an empirical study to find out the motivators and decisional influencers of online shopping. The sample has been selected from the youth population as this group of people actually use internet to buy online. The study highlights that reliability, accessibility and convenience are the major motivator factors which motivate the Indian consumer to buy online. Similarly, reluctance and preference are the two decisional factors which influence the decision of the consumer to buy online or offline. It is recommended that marketers must give a thought to these factors when they design their online strategy.
Municipal solid waste (MSW) is a problem in many big cities worldwide. Treating the MSW with better waste management, i.e., bioreactor plant, can turn the waste into a useful thing, i.e., energy; waste to energy (WtE): Converting the methane gas produced during the decomposition of the organic waste compounds to electricity. In addition, the bioreactor also saves landfill space, and minimizes spoiling the environment. However, benefits come with costs, i.e., the magnitude of the investment involved, and the complexity of running the bioreactor project compared to conventional landfill. This study proposes a business model for sustainable bioreactor landfills based on resident participation (RSLFG), and shows the model’s applicability. The study was carried out on the basis of regulations, and mechanisms to implement the model. As a result, a limited liability company is proposed as the best suit entity type to run the project. Even though all types of funding collection mechanisms are feasible, direct-personal collection by collector officers is better than indirect-machine collection, virtual account whether using ATM, internet banking, or mobile banking.
Purpose
The goal of this paper is to critically review studies on trust in e-commerce from the gender perspective.
Methodology
This paper is based on a systematic literature review (SLR) and applies the bibliometric technique. SLR reduces selection bias, which helps to produce more accurate scientific conclusions. We examine 148 published studies in the Scopus database using VOSviewer and the bibliometrix package in the R statistical software program. We summarize previous findings in the form of theories and methodologies in the literature.
Findings
The findings show that trust in e-commerce from the gender perspective is underexplored. Specific underexplored areas include gender differences, information systems, and consumer trust and consumption patterns on social-networking sites, among others. Also, there is considerable scope for developing theories and models of cross-country variations in trust, e-commerce, and gender.
Originality
The previous literature did not identify the methods and the structural research constructs. This study for the first time develops generates scientific insights that will contribute to future research.
This chapter builds on existing loyalty literature and theories, includes impact of habit on continuous intention and loyalty, and makes recommendations to practitioners based on the findings. This research identifies the factors that will increase brand loyalty by consumers and examines the strength and effect of habit in predicting brand loyalty. Five regression models revealed that habit was the strongest factor among all constructs in predicting continuance intention and consumer loyalty to mobile wallet brands. Support was found for all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile apps. Although the direct effects of consumer attitudes were more or less constant, satisfaction became insignificant when habit is introduced in the model. As an independent variable with both consumer attitudes and satisfaction, habit significantly increases the explanatory power of continuance intention and loyalty. This chapter provides new insights into factors that influence loyalty in the context of mobile wallet applications.
In this research, we study factors such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and personal innovativeness in order to understand the consumer attitude construct to affect loyalty, satisfaction and repurchasing intention of mobile wallet applications in Thailand. We developed a research model based upon previous research where we propose and examine seven constructs. In general, thirteen out of fifteen hypotheses are supported by variables related to mobile technology adoption, usage and retention with the 461 Thai consumers sampled. Personal innovativeness, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use strongly loaded on consumer attitudes for mobile wallet applications as originally hypothesized. It was found that consumer attitudes are the key factor that drives satisfaction, increases loyalty and improves repurchase intention of mobile wallet applications in Thailand.
O crescimento do uso da internet no Brasil tem levado também ao aumento do e-commerce. Pesquisas na área de marketing demonstram que confiança e intenções de recompra são variáveis-chave nesse contexto. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre as principais variáveis que influenciam a recompra on-line, em especial os aspectos influenciadores da confiança. Por esse motivo, neste trabalho serão identificados fatores influenciadores da recompra e da confiança. O artigo apresenta duas surveys realizadas com consumidores on-line. No primeiro estudo, o custo-benefício e a confiança se destacaram como antecedentes da recompra. No segundo estudo, que teve como intuito aprofundar a compreensão sobre o tema confiança no ambiente virtual, a privacidade foi o fator-chave para confiar em um site, a segurança e a extensão de canal foram críticos para confiar na internet e o principal influenciador da confiança em terceiros foi a confiança na própria internet.
Global mobile technology use has grown exponentially. In Thailand in particular a survey of consumers showed that 70% " could not live " without their mobile phone We study factors such as ease of use and personal innovativeness in order to understand the consumer adoption of mobile technologies in Thailand, in order to build on existing adoption theories for academics and make recommendations to practitioners based on our findings. Our research questions were: (1) what key factors drive adoption of mobile technologies by Thai consumers? (2) Are Thai mobile consumers more innovative in the personal use of mobile technologies? and (3) How can telecom companies retain their customers? We developed a research model based upon previous research and collected data from a survey of 505 mobile Thai consumers showed support for repurchase intention to use mobile technologies. In general, the hypotheses were supported by variables related to mobile phone usage with the Thai consumer sample. We found support for all of the hypothesized relationships for consumers using mobile technologies. Personal innovativeness did load on both attitude and repurchase intention for mobile applications as originally hypothesized, but was strongly loaded for attitude toward using.
Increasing use of ICT technologies in medical practices has led to a number of studies examining their use in rural as well as urban settings. The purpose of this study is to examine how GPs in rural and urban practice group and prioritise the driving forces for ICT adoption. Correlation and factor analysis was performed on the data sets (198 GPs, 122 Rural - 76 urban) obtained by means of a survey questionnaire. Not only do the results show that the drivers can be 'simplified' from 16 to 2 or 3, but they also show that there are differences both in the grouping and priorities placed on certain drivers between rural and urban GPs. Whereas rural GPs consider that there are 3 distinct underlying reasons for ICT adoption (medical/business efficiency, external pressure, enhanced communication), urban GPs couple external pressure with enhanced communications as a single driver for ICT adoption.
Electronic commerce (EC) transactions are subject to multiple information security threats. Proposes that consumer trust in EC transactions is influenced by perceived information security and distinguishes it from the objective assessment of security threats. Proposes mechanisms of encryption, protection, authentication, and verification as antecedents of perceived information security. These mechanisms are derived from technological solutions to security threats that are visible to consumers and hence contribute to actual consumer perceptions. Tests propositions in a study of 179 consumers and shows a significant relationship between consumers’ perceived information security and trust in EC transactions. Explores the role of limited financial liability as a surrogate for perceived security. However, the findings show that there is a minimal effect of financial liability on consumers’ trust in EC. Engenders several new insights regarding the role of perceived security in EC transactions.
This study investigates transactions of two eBay sellers of consumer goods to determine if certain demographics and geographics related to individual American consumers can be utilised to predict retail sales and the average value of those sales. The average value of each sale is equivalent to the sum of the amount bid for each item and the shipping cost for that item. A sample of 753 transactions of these two eBay retailers was analysed. The significant variables include consumer gender, whether the consumer lives in a rural or urban area and the region in the US in which the consumer resides. The implications of these results are significant to both eBay retailers and scholars alike as this study presents findings that bring us nearer to understanding consumer internet buying behaviour.
Understanding the various variables that influence the success of eBay auctions has recently received much interest from academic researchers. Most studies concentrate on the effects of auction characteristics on the success of eBay auctions. A few studies identify consumer demographics that help predict the likelihood of consumers participating in eBay auctions. To date, however, no study has attempted to identify consumer personality traits, values and attitudes that may help predict whether or not a consumer will participate in eBay purchasing. This study examines a set of consumer demographics, values, attitudes and personality traits to assess these variables’ impact on eBay participation by consumers. Findings indicate that a consumer's family size and consumption motivation have an impact on their participation in eBay. Also this study finds that eBay consumers have a more positive attitude towards eBay than do eBay nonconsumers.Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice (2007) 9, 16–29. doi:10.1057/palgrave.dddmp.4350066
A number of governments and public policy institutes have developed ``Quality of Life Indexes'' – statistics that attempt to measure the quality of life for entire states or regions. We develop 14 criteria for determining the validity and usefulness of such QOL indexes to public policy. We then review 22 of the most-used QOL indexes from around the world. We conclude that many of the indexes are successful in that they are reliable, have established time series measures, and can be disaggregated to study subpopulations. However, many fall short in four areas: (1) indexes vary greatly in their coverage and definitions of domains of QOL, (2) none of the indexes distinguish among the concepts of input, throughput, and output that are used by public policy analysts, (3) they fail to show how QOL outputs are sensitive to public policy inputs, and (4) none have examined convergent validity against each other. We conclude that many of these indexes are potentially very useful for public policy and recommend research to further improve them.
Electronic commerce (EC) transactions are subject to multiple information security threats. Proposes that consumer trust in EC transactions is influenced by perceived information security and distinguishes it from the objective assessment of security threats. Proposes mechanisms of encryption, protection, authentication, and verification as antecedents of perceived information security. These mechanisms are derived from technological solutions to security threats that are visible to consumers and hence contribute to actual consumer perceptions. Tests propositions in a study of 179 consumers and shows a significant relationship between consumers’ perceived information security and trust in EC transactions. Explores the role of limited financial liability as a surrogate for perceived security. However, the findings show that there is a minimal effect of financial liability on consumers’ trust in EC. Engenders several new insights regarding the role of perceived security in EC transactions.
The World Wide Web has significantly reduced the costs of obtaining information about individuals, resulting in a widespread
perception by consumers that their privacy is being eroded. The conventional wisdom among the technological cognoscenti seems
to be that privacy will continue to erode, until it essentially disappears. The authors use a simple economic model to explore
this conventional wisdom, under the assumption that there is no government intervention and privacy is left to free-market
forces. They find support for the assertion that, under those conditions, the amount of privacy will decline over time and
that privacy will be increasingly expensive to maintain. The authors conclude that a market for privacy will emerge, enabling
customers to purchase a certain degree of privacy, no matter how easy it becomes for companies to obtain information, but
the overall amount of privacy and privacy-based customer utility will continue to erode.
This study examines the lifestyle characteristics of on-line households. By means of a U.S. national probability sample of on-line heads of households, this descriptive research is the first of its kind to provide a lifestyle perspective of who is using the Internet to shop, who does not shop, and why. It is hypothesized and shown that, compared with on-line nonshoppers, on-line shoppers are younger, wealthier, better educated, have higher computer literacy, spend more time on their computer, spend more time on the Internet, find on-line shopping to be easier and more entertaining, and are more fearful of financial loss from on-line shopping. The study further hypothesizes that on-line shoppers, and on-line nonshoppers, are heterogeneous groups comprised of particular market segments having unique Internet-related lifestyles. Four on-line shopper segments and four on-line nonshopper segments are identified. Each segment is profiled and its marketing implications discussed. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Government and industry organizations have declared information privacy and security to be major obstacles in the development of consumer-related e-commerce. Risk perceptions regarding Internet privacy and security have been identified as issues for both new and experienced users of Internet technology. This paper explores risk perceptions among consumers of varying levels of Internet experience and how these perceptions relate to online shopping activity. Findings provide evidence of hypothesized relationships among consumers’ levels of Internet experience, the use of alternate remote purchasing methods (such as telephone and mail-order shopping), the perceived risks of online shopping, and online purchasing activity. Implications for online commerce and consumer welfare are discussed.
Evidence exists that service quality delivery through Web sites is an essential strategy to success, possibly more important
than low price and Web presence. To deliver superior service quality, managers of companies with Web presences must first
understand how customers perceive and evaluate online customer service. Information on this topic is beginning to emerge from
both academic and practitioner sources, but this information has not yet been examined as a whole. The goals of this article
are to review and synthesize the literature about service quality delivery through Web sites, describe what is known about
the topic, and develop an agenda for needed research.
The public lack of confidence in online information technology (IT) is not merely about security of value, but also about trust in the information society. Privacy and security concerns are the number one reason Web users are not purchasing over the Web. Proposes to investigate the privacy and security concerns of IT users in order to establish a consensus among them. Uses data from 158 participants to come to a conclusion that the following major concerns (in the descending of importance) exist: privacy, security and threats, impersonation and forged identity, children protection, e-mail safety, and censorship. The results also show that privacy and security concerns are the main impediment to shopping on the Internet. The implication is that the successful organizations will be those who expend their resources and efforts to ensure that IT users’ concerns are adequately addressed.
Using the theory of planned behavior as the theoretical base, data collected through a semi-annual survey of Web users were used to determine if beliefs about privacy and Internet trustworthiness helped determine attitudes towards the Internet, which were thought to affect intent to make Internet purchases. Intent, in turn, was thought to affect actual purchasing behavior. Taking Internet experience into account, general support for the model was found.
Like most businesses, online pharmacy companies will only be successful if they make sure customers are satisfied with the service they receive. But what attributes of service quality lead to satisfaction and dissatisfaction? This study identified 19 Internet pharmacy service quality dimensions in three categories: (1) product cost and availability, (2) customer service, and (3) the online information system. Our analysis uncovered attributes that tend to determine consumer satisfaction and points out ways to improve overall service quality in the Internet pharmacy arena.
E-commerce not only has tremendous potential for growth but also poses unique challenges for both incumbents and new entrants.
By examining drivers of firm performance in e-commerce from a capabilities perspective, the authors conceptualize three firm
capabilities that are critical for superior firm performance in e-commerce: information technology capability, strategic flexibility,
and trust-building capability. The extent and nature of market orientation is conceptualized as a platform for leveraging
e-commerce capabilities. The authors test the effects of e-commerce capabilities on performance (e.g., relative profits, sales,
return on investment) using data from 122 e-brokerage service providers. The results indicate that information technology
capability and strategic flexibility affect performance given the right market orientation.
Research was undertaken to assess the level of fraud and precautions against fraud in Internet auctions. A trial run was also carried out of placing items for auction with eBay and then bidding for them. It is concluded that Internet auctions are severely disadvantaged in comparison to traditional auctions because of their inability to check the quality or provenance of items on offer. The attempts of Internet auction houses to prevent potential fraud have loopholes and can therefore be manipulated of the unscrupulous.The current checks Internet auction houses impose are therefore not enough to eradicate this growing problem. Recommendations are made to a number of di ¡erent stakeholders,such as the government and the auction industry.
Although auctions have been examined extensively in economics, and to some degree in marketing, on-line auctions are only beginning to receive research attention. Further, in both economics and marketing the research on auctions has relied primarily on rational, economic theories. This article investigates how particular on-line auction features impact two important outcomes: auction success and final closing price. Traditional economic theories as well as theories from marketing and psychology are employed to provide a broader picture of on-line auctions. Specifically, several key factors related to auction success and closing price for four types of sterling flatware in an on-line auction site (eBay) are examined. The findings show that, across all four piece types, a reserve auction format, the relative opening price, and the number of bids unexplained by a low or high opening price are associated with both auction success and final closing price. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Internet retailing has significantly changed the character of retail competition. More and more often, ordinary consumers, not just the technologically savvy ones, are making purchases over the Internet. The extent to which e-tailers can build trust will significantly influence the willingness of consumers to make purchases over the Internet. As a result, it is important to better understand the factors that influence consumers' trust in e-tailers. This research models the effects of store name, on-line security guarantee, and money-back guarantee on price expectations and willingness to buy. The results suggest that value-enhancing approaches, like assurances of security encryption and money-back guarantees, are more important for less well-known e-tailers than for their more famous competitors. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
This article provides an overall picture of crime and crime control in Korea over the past 30 years. By using official crime data, we examined general trends and characteristics of crime, crime rates, and crime control practices in each stage of the criminal justice system in Korea during that period. The relative seriousness of crime problems in Korea is also examined from a comparative perspective by engaging in a cross-national comparison. The findings of this research indicate that the overall crime problem in Korea is not as serious as that in Japan and in the United States. Recent data, however, show an alarming increase in the crime rates in Korea during the past several years. These results are interpreted within a social context, and we can determine that economic, political, and socio-cultural factors have played and continue to play a crucial role in crime and crime control practices. Recent phenomena, such as the financial crisis that hit Korea in the late 1990s, and the current political stalemate in Korea, seem to have contributed to the disturbing increase in crime and crime rates.
The authors discuss the motivations for this special issue and propose a conceptual framework pertaining to the issue’s theme.
Using this framework as a backdrop, they then offer an overview of the remaining articles by segmenting them into categories
and discussing their relationship to the framework. They conclude by highlighting research avenues for augmenting our understanding
of marketing to and serving customers through the Internet.
While much attention has been given to reputation mechanisms to deter fraudulent behaviour in online auctions, we know little about the nature of disputes or the types of problems that users face. This is an exploratory analysis of 129 disputes for five different types of products that were sold on eBay. In the analysis we find seven different types of disputes including poor quality, slow shipping, seller withdrawal, fraud, poor communications, misunderstanding, and non‐paying bidders. Each type of dispute is affected by different factors.
This research finds that used products tend to have problems related to misrepresentation and fraud. A buyer with a better reputation is less likely to fail to pay and the likelihood to pay appears to be related to the auction process. Sellers are also more likely to avoid delays in the shipping of products if these have a higher price. Business‐related products are more likely to result in less disputes related to slow shipping. Seller withdrawal disputes are related to the ratings of the seller and misunderstanding related disputes are less likely to occur when a more detailed description is provided.
The role of transparency and trust in providing security assurances is discussed. One must ascertain whether the level of transparency provided is sufficient to ensure trust in the system, since computers are inherently somewhat opaque. Cryptographic approaches have been considered to enhance security with e-cash, e-voting and other transactional applications. The consideration of a trust-centric approach may help achieve the transparency needed to ensure confidence and reduce perceived risks in transactional experiences.
The article focuses on the different ways in which web-based shopping is perceived by men and women of the U.S. Women have yet to welcome web-based shopping as readily as men as of August 1, 2002. Understanding differences in perception of men and women will help vendors address this vital pool of consumers. Despite the dot-corn collapse, online retail sales continue to grow. According to the U.S. Department of Commerce, online retail sales increased over 19% from 2000 to 2001. The New York Times argued the Internet gender gap is disappearing. However, empirical evidence indicates that although men and women are equally likely to use the Internet for business and personal purposes, men are more likely than women to purchase products or services from the web. If the business community is equipped with an understanding of what motivates, encourages and discourages the female consumer from purchasing online, steps may be taken to meet these expectations and reach this growing segment of web users.
This paper presents findings from a study investigating the knowledge students acquire from and apply to an online auction assignment. As part of an E-Business and E-Commerce module students were asked to buy and sell goods in an online marketspace and report on their experience for an assignment on the module. A content analysis of a sample of the students’ assignments was conducted. The main finding of the study is that, given a framework of professional knowledge and competence, there are considerable imbalances in the knowledge that students acquire from and apply to the online auction assignment. The paper concludes that learning and teaching strategies that recognize and work with such imbalances are appropriate, in order that students’ professional capacities in the domain of e-commerce are developed. Recommendations for future research and practice in e-commerce education are provided.
An auction with a buyout option is modelled. Such an option allows a bidder to purchase the item being auctioned at a pre-specified buyout price, instead of attempting to obtain the item through the traditional auction procedure. This analysis is motivated by internet auctions where such options are present. If all auction participants are risk neutral, the seller will choose a buyout price high enough so that the option is never exercised. However, a risk averse seller facing risk neutral bidders will choose a price low enough so that the option is exercised with positive probability. Further, if bidders are risk neutral and the seller is risk averse, this option may result in a Pareto improvement compared to a sealed bid second price auction. Copyright Springer-Verlag Berlin/Heidelberg 2006
Personal data liability
- J Wade
A project module of e-commerce planning”
- S Wang
- H Wang
EBay is emerging as the new channel to market
- A Aldridge
The world according to eBay
- E Schonfeld