Design thinking: Achieving insights via the "knowledge funnel"

Design Thinking for Innovation: Antecedents, Process, and Outcome

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2023
Eur J Int Manag

Design thinking has become an omnipresent process to foster innovativeness in various fields. Due to its popularity in both practice and theory, the number of publications has been growing rapidly. We aim to develop a research framework that reflects the current state of research and allows for the identification of research gaps. We conduct a systematic literature review based on 164 scholarly articles on design thinking. Our proposed framework identifies individual and organizational context factors, the stages of a typical design thinking process with its underlying principles and tools, and the individual and organizational outcomes of a well-performed design thinking project. Whereas previous reviews focused on particular aspects of design thinking, such as its characteristics, the organizational culture as a context factor, or its role on new product development, we provides a holistic overview of the current state of research.

OTIMIZAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO EM MÁQUINA MULTIPRODUTOS NA INDÚSTRIA DE PAPEL: UM ESTUDO UTILIZANDO O MÉTODO AHP – ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

Chapter

Dec 2022

A obra intitulada “Ciências exatas estudos e desafios vol.01”, publicada pela Brazilian Journals Publicações de Periódicos e Editora, apresentam um conjunto dezessete capítulos que visa abordar diversos assuntos relacionados com a área das ciências exatas. Entre eles, uma pesquisa com o intuito de testar a aplicabilidade da metodologia de medição da temperatura de corte do aço ABNT 1045 utilizando-se ferramenta de corte de carbeto metálico revestida com TiN em contato com termopar do tipo K conectado a um circuito de leitura composto de um Arduíno Uno e um computador. Também, uma proposta de análise experimental dos efeitos da técnica de diversidade aplicada na recepção móvel de sinal OFDM acústico submarino. Outra temática é um estudo de validação do desempenho lumínico de um edifício habitacional em Brasília através de simulação computacional e de medições. Assim como um estudo que tem por objetivo contextualizar o conceito da evolução tecnológica em respeito à neurociênciacomputacional a partir do funcionamento do sistema nervoso central humano, tendo comobase os sinais neurais elétricos, sua relação com o mundo no qual compartilhamos a vivência diária e a possibilidade do controle deste mesmo mundo. Um artigo com a finalidade de apresentar a modelagem matemática e simulação computacional do robô manipulador SCARA SR-6 iA da fabricante Fanuc. A demanda de conhecimento sobre robôs industriais, sua crescente utilização em diversos processos produtivos Entre outros. Gostaríamos de agradecer os autores que colaboraram no desenvolvimento dessa obra. Esperamos que a mesma auxilie na compreensão e argumentação dos assuntos aqui tratados.

Grundlagen der Untersuchung

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Jul 2022

Iphigenie Kiefer

Zusammenfassung Damit die nachfolgenden theoretischen Annahmen und empirischen Analysen inhaltlich nachvollziehbar sind und mit bestehenden Forschungserkenntnissen in Bezug gesetzt werden können, ist es erforderlich, zunächst die zentralen Phänomene der vorliegenden Arbeit näher zu erläutern. Die Literaturdurchsicht wird zeigen, dass es bereits eine Vielzahl von wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten gibt, die sich theoretisch sowie empirisch mit dem Konstrukt MO auseinandersetzen. Beim DT Mindset handelt es sich hingegen um ein neues Konstrukt, welches nicht eindeutig definiert und bislang eher weniger erforscht ist.

Schlussbetrachtung und Ausblick

Chapter

Full-text available

Jul 2022

Iphigenie Kiefer

Zusammenfassung Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit erfolgte eine theoretisch-konzeptionelle sowie empirische Analyse des Beitrags des DT Mindset zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg. Obwohl die vorliegende Arbeit primär explikativ ausgerichtet ist, steht neben der wissenschaftlich-analytischen Durchdringung des Phänomens DT Mindset auch die branchenübergreifende, empirische Erforschung seiner unternehmensspezifischen Einflussfaktoren und Wirkungsdimensionen im Augenmerk der vorliegenden Arbeit. Die empirische Analyse liefert wertvolle Erkenntnisse, um präskriptive Handlungsempfehlungen für die Implementierung von DT in biparadigmatischen Unternehmen ableiten zu können.

Der Beitrag des Design Thinking zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung, Ein mindsetorientierter Analyseansatz

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2022

Iphigenie Kiefer

Empirische Untersuchung zum Wirkungsbeitrag des Design Thinking Mindsets zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung

Chapter

Full-text available

Jan 2022

Iphigenie Kiefer

Zusammenfassung Nachdem im vorangegangenen Kapitel der theoretische Bezugsrahmen aufgezeigt sowie die Forschungshypothesen abgeleitet wurden, werden in den folgenden Abschnitten das Forschungsdesign und die methodischen Grundlagen der empirischen Untersuchung beschrieben.

Entwicklung eines integrierten theoretischen Bezugsrahmens und Ableitung von Hypothesen zur Erklärung des Wirkungsbeitrags des Design Thinking Mindset zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg

Chapter

Full-text available

Jan 2022

Iphigenie Kiefer

Zusammenfassung Wegen des zentralen Ziels der vorliegenden Arbeit, den Wirkungsbeitrag des DT Mindset zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg zu untersuchen, wurden in den vorangegangenen Kapiteln die theoretischen und konzeptionellen Grundlagen sowie die bisherigen empirischen Erkenntnisse zu den zentralen Konstrukten der MO und des DT Mindset systematisch analysiert und deren Verortung im Untersuchungskontext dargestellt. Aus dem vorgenannten Ziel ergibt sich als zentraler Anspruch an die vorliegende Untersuchung nun die Entwicklung eines integrativen Bezugsrahmens und die theoriegeleitete Ableitung von Hypothesen zur Erklärung des Wirkungsbeitrags des DT Mindsets zur marktorientierten Unternehmensführung und zum Unternehmenserfolg. Hierbei ist ebenso die Frage von Bedeutung, durch welche Einflussfaktoren der Wirkungszusammenhang zwischen dem DT Mindset und der MO systematisch gesteigert oder behindert wird.

Responsible Design Thinking for Sustainable Development: Critical Literature Review, New Conceptual Framework, and Research Agenda

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2024
J BUS ETHICS

In the 1960s, influential thinkers defined design as a rational problem-solving approach to deal with the challenges of sustainable human development. In 2009, a design consultant and a business academic selected some of these ideas and successfully branded them with the term “design thinking.” As a result, design thinking has developed into a stream of innovation management research discussing how to innovate faster and better in competitive markets. This article aims to foster a reconsideration of the purposes of design thinking moving forward, in view of the sustainable development challenges intertwined with accelerating innovation in a perpetual economic growth paradigm. To this end, we use a problematization method to challenge innovation management research on design thinking. As part of this method, we first systematically collect and critically analyze the articles in this research stream. We uncover a prominent focus on economic impact, while social and environmental impacts remain largely neglected. To overcome this critical limitation, we integrate design thinking with responsible innovation theorizing. We develop a framework for responsible design thinking, explaining how to apply this approach beyond a private interest and competitive advantage logic, to address sustainable development challenges, such as climate change, resource depletion, poverty, and injustice. The framework contributes to strengthening the practical relevance of design thinking and its theoretical foundations. To catalyze this effort, we propose an agenda for future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10551-023-05600-z.

Competitive Intelligence Empirical Validation and Application: Foundations for Knowledge Advancement and Relevance to Practice

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2023
J INF SCI

The Competitive Intelligence (CI) construct must be scientifically defined, characterised, empirically validated, and accurately measured to grow in science and business. This study aims at elevating the accuracy of the empirical validation of the CI construct suggested and confirmed by Madureira, Popovic, & Castelli1,2 to serve as the scientific foundation for CI praxis. This construct is selected due to its unmatched recency, thoroughness, and universality and identified limitations of its empirical validation. We relied on a multistrand design of fully sequential with equivalent status qualitative and quantitative mix-methods followed by the triangulation of the findings and the development of the metainferences. Validity, reliability, and applicability were tested using computer-aided text analysis and artificial intelligence methods based on 61 in-depth interviews with CI subject matter experts. Contributions to knowledge advancement and relevance to practice derive from the scientific grade empirical construct validation, providing undisputed levels of content, discriminant, external accuracy, reliability and triangulation of results. This study highlights three critical implications. First, the delimitations of the body of knowledge and recognition of the CI domain serve as the baseline for theory development. Second, the validated construct guarantees reproducibility, replicability and generalisability, laying the foundations for establishing a CI science, practice and education. Third, creating a common language and shared understanding will drive the much-claimed definitional consensus. This study thus stands as a foundational pillar in supporting CI praxis in improving decision-making quality and the performance of organisations.

Competitive Intelligence Science: Unified View, Modular Definition, Instruments, and Mindset

Thesis

Jul 2023

Luis Madureira

This research focuses on Competitive Intelligence (CI) as a precursor of sound decisions that improve and sustain the performance of organisations in an exponentially changing world. The absence of an empirically validated scientific definition is a foundational gap that hinders its art, practice and science. So far, the lack of conceptual consensus and delimitation of the body of knowledge inhibited the establishment of a profession, education, and the advancement of the discipline. Thus, the aim of this study is to lay down the foundations of CI science and the developments of its praxis. A mixed-methods approach was used to derive a scientific definition and provide an empirical validation grounded in the expertise of top subject matter experts. A meta-analysis supported the development of a unified, integrative, thorough maturity model, and a set of instruments to guide its implementation and development. Furthermore, the design thinking mindset was identified as appropriate in support of its practice. Overall, the empirically validate scientific definition, the maturity model, the implementation frameworks, and the design thinking mindset are expected to put the CI virtuous cycle in motion catapulting its praxis into a new era. More importantly, they should contribute to improving the performance of professionals, organizations, industries and countries, differentiating CI versus related disciplines, promoting admittance in academe, and mobilising all stakeholders towards the development of its practice, education, and theoretical advancement.

Design Thinking Project Management framework

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021

This article aims to propose a framework that integrates Project Management (PM) components with Design Thinking (DT), for minimizing the simplicity and superficiality of DT implementation. The research adopts an exploratory descriptive approach based on design science research (DSR) and uses a qualitative method, starting data collection through an interview by email, followed by an online discussion forum, a product development workshop, interviews with experts, an online framework development workshop, and finally a framework validation workshop. The result is a framework called Design Thinking Project Management framework, which contains five components - principles, roles, phases, events and tools - of PM integrated with those of DT. The relevance of the study is associated with filling an existing gap, as a result of the small number of studies integrating these two themes. It can be used by scholars and practitioners for a more complete implementation of DT projects.

An Interdisciplinary Double-Diamond Design Thinking Model for Urban Transport Product Innovation: A Design Framework for Innovation Combining Mixed Methods for Developing the Electric Microvehicle “Leonardo Project”

Preprint

Full-text available

Sep 2024

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions fosters the transport sector towards new technological perspectives on personal mobility. Addressing sustainable mobility through electric micromobility requires interdisciplinary design research methods and approaches. In the context of the LEONARDO project, funded under the Horizon 2020 framework, the paper addresses a critical literature review on the design thinking, design research models, tools, and mixed methods to be undertaken for driving product mobility innovation in a cross-disciplinary context. Following the “research through design” research strategy, the authors applied the Double-Diamond design thinking model to frame the design research process in 4 phases, aligning with 3 general objectives, 12 specific research objectives, and 24 tasks, supported by a total of 71 mixed methods and tools. As a result, the transdisciplinary process provides a co-designed energy-efficient stand-alone microvehicle and a scalable interdisciplinary design model for urban transport product innovation. In conclusion, this case study suggests the value of the Double-Diamond design thinking model as a design research instrument capable of addressing sustainable mobility and guiding interdisciplinary design research, design practice, and education in the Industrial Engineering and Design disciplinary sectors.

An Interdisciplinary Double-Diamond Design Thinking Model for Urban Transport Product Innovation: A Design Framework for Innovation Combining Mixed Methods for Developing the Electric Microvehicle “Leonardo Project”

Article

Full-text available

Nov 2024

The increase in greenhouse gas emissions prompts the transport sector towards new technological perspectives on personal mobility. Addressing sustainable mobility through electric micromobility requires interdisciplinary design research methods and approaches. In the context of the LEONARDO project, funded under the Horizon 2020 framework, this paper addresses a critical literature review on the design thinking, design research models, tools, and mixed methods to be undertaken for driving product mobility innovation in a cross-disciplinary context. Following the “research through design” research strategy, the authors applied the Double-Diamond design thinking model to frame the design research process in four phases, aligning with three overarching objectives, four specific research objectives, and 24 research tasks, supported by a total of 71 mixed methods and tools. As a result, the transdisciplinary process provides a co-designed energy-efficient stand-alone microvehicle and a scalable interdisciplinary design model for urban transport product innovation. In conclusion, this case study suggests the value of the Double-Diamond design thinking model as a design research instrument capable of addressing sustainable mobility and guiding interdisciplinary design research, design practice, and education in the industrial engineering and design disciplinary sectors.

Addressing grand challenges through the bottom-up marketing approach: Lessons from subsistence marketplaces and marketplace literacy

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2024

We present a bottom-up marketing approach as a pathway to addressing the grand challenge of poverty and inequality for the marketing discipline. We derive this approach from the research stream on radically different contexts of subsistence marketplaces. Research on subsistence marketplaces has typically explored micro-level phenomena but also traversed upward and explained aggregate phenomena at higher levels. We present a conceptual framework to encapsulate general and granular elements of the bottom-up marketing approach. Study 1 demonstrates general elements of the framework through a retrospective examination of the global diffusion of a marketplace literacy program. Study 2 demonstrates the more granular elements of the framework through a qualitative analysis of five case studies of social enterprise start-ups. Though presenting a complementary counter-perspective to conventional thinking, we embed the process of interweaving the bottom-up with the macro level to present an actionable approach. We conclude with insights for marketing research and practice.

Tech to Organization. Assessing and designing technology adoption with design thinking

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2023

This article explores the adaptation of design thinking for technology adoption projects, focusing on its role in assessing technology value within organizations and designing fitting applications (i.e., products, services, processes, or systems that use the technology). Through a case study conducted at a European Design Factory, we investigated seven technology adoption projects managed with design thinking processes. Our results validate an exploratory framework called "Tech to Organization", an adapted design thinking process tailored to technology adoption projects, along with five purpose-built tools to tackle such projects. This research provides managers and designers with a structured approach to managing the complexities of technology adoption.

Integrating Analytical Thinking Skills into Physical Education to Improve Student Learning Outcomes

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2023

In the education curriculum in Indonesia, physical education is a medium for developing the potential of student learning outcomes in a comprehensive (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) and sustainable manner. However, at the same time, teachers have not maximized analytical thinking supplements in learning and mastering student movements to optimize their physical education learning outcomes. This research used quantitative methods to examine the effect of analytical thinking skills on student learning outcomes. The participants were 24 elementary school students (mean age = 10.17+0.38) who were determined using a purposive sampling technique. Data on thinking skills were collected using instruments and rubrics for assessing analytical thinking skills. While the learning outcomes data use the final value of physical education learning. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis. Descriptive analysis showed that students' analytical thinking skills were moderate (58.34%), and learning outcomes were good (100%). There is a significant influence between analytical thinking skills on student learning outcomes (t = 2.312, α = 0.031) with a determination value of 19.6%. Considering the essence of analytical thinking skills for learning outcomes and supporting students' life skills, the orientation of physical education learning outcomes parameters and the comprehensive and sustainable integration of analytical thinking into students' physical activities must be discussed further.

The contribution of strategic design, as intellectual capital, to organizational transformation

Article

Jul 2023
J ORGAN CHANGE MANAG

Purpose The present document presents the possible contributions of strategic design to organizational transformation, as a part of business intellectual capital. Design/methodology/approach A case study from a Colombian family business group, with three business units, industrial, commercial and service, were used. Interviews regarding critical events and semi-structured interviews were employed. Data were processed with NVivo software. Findings It was found that abductive, empathetic and creative competencies (human capital) that may facilitate the comprehension of nature, needs and alternatives to be employed in organizational change processes. Further, the importance of the participative design approach in co-creation, with interest groups, transformation projects (relational capital), and design thought, as a methodology for the implementation of the preceding (structural capital), was identified. Research limitations/implications The results revealed, in this case, suggest several future investigative routes. Firstly, increased empirical research, based on this proposal, is suggested. Specifically, it would be relevant to perform causal studies that report the contribution of each of the components of strategic design to the diverse organizational transformation processes. A third line of investigation might include delving into certain relationships that have already been identified, but require further comparison. One of these might be the role of design thought as a method to perform specific organizational transformation projects. Practical implications As a result of the present investigation, a model is established (see Figure 2) which may be useful to companies to address organizational transformation, capitalizing on the benefits offered by strategic design. In summary, the proposal considers four phases (see the central circle in Figure 2). Phase 1: understanding organizational occurrences and situations, the basis upon which to determine the nature of an organizational transformation. This activity alludes to the work that is collaboratively managed with different interest groups, in the systematic comprehension of the business organizational transformation chain of events. Phase 2: determining the path to be followed or the route for collaborative action. Doing so in participative fashion permits the representation of a diversity of ideas and opinions on a given problem/potential identified in the preceding process. This stimulates and strengthens the creative competency in company personnel (Jeffries, 2007). If this competency is incorporated into the corporate culture, differential factors may be established, in an environment with broad competency, thus achieving transformations appropriate for a competitive environment. Social implications Co-creation, the central axis of the organizational transformation process. At the base of all organizational transformation processes is an approach focused on human beings, whose principal questions include: What place do individuals have in strategic problem resolution, like those of organizational transformation, in companies? How are human competencies strengthened when applied to organizational transformation processes? What types of ties are made, beyond the establishment of natural relationships (work, purchase, sell), with interest groups? And most importantly: How do they achieve the construction of new business realities together? To do this, participative and co-creative methods must be employed as a scenario to jointly achieve multiple satisfaction realities, in which understanding the essence of the participative design approach becomes meaningful (Jones, 2015). Originality/value Design thought, as a methodological proposal for organizational transformation projects. The use of inspiration, ideation, and implementation stages, iteratively and permanently, is suggested. Continuous review of the point of departure, the path trodden and the goals to be achieved should be prioritized, such that they may act as compasses for organizational transformation, considering strategic design to be a key motor (Yee et al. , 2017).

TECH TO MARKET. FINDING AND DESIGNING SUITABLE TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS WITH DESIGN THINKING

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2023

Although it's human centered focus, design thinking has proven to be effective also in technology-driven projects, both in education and business. Yet, scant research has investigated whether and how design thinking might be leveraged to find new opportunities based on emerging technologies and design new innovation concepts accordingly. To address this gap, we employed an Action Innovation Management Research framework and co-designed a program called Tech to Market with Oper.Space, the design factory for Open Innovation of the University of Bologna. We ran 5 iterations of the program from October 2018 to December 2022, in which we conducted 52 interviews, observed 10 presentations, and held 10 meetings with the main stakeholders involved. Our results show how to apply design thinking to find and design a suitable application for a given technology, contributing to the ongoing conversation about the implementation of design thinking in technology-driven projects.

The Competence of a Successful Designer

Article

Full-text available

May 2023

The designer’s practice is subject to ever-increasing demands in the accelerating transformations and complexities of our time. A designer's competence requires continuous renewal and realignment, yet it contains several permanent qualities. The purpose of this article is to create a holistic picture of the competence of a successful designer. This article shows how a designer's competence is constructed of four factors: cognitive, social, emotional, and functional. Cognitive factors include several characteristics required for design thinking, especially creativity, and the ability to produce new insights and the ability to cope with uncertainty. Design is a social process, where interaction skills and the ability to collaborate are crucial in a co-design approach to collective creativity. The designer's positive feelings, attitudes and enthusiasm promote design thinking, problem-solving and innovation. Functional factors, such as good knowledge and skills, are essential tools for the development of the design. These promote the designer's work satisfaction and well-being. The success of a designer requires multi-faceted competence, and success does not only depend on personal characteristics. Success is influenced by the environment in which the designer works. A good atmosphere of the work community, support and encouragement promotes success for all parties involved in the design process.

Um ensaio sobre o uso de design thinking em pesquisa em marketing

Conference Paper

Full-text available

May 2023

O oferecimento de recompensas pecuniárias por publicações em journals “qualificados” como A por parte das universidades e a demonstração de insatisfação do Governador do Estado de São Paulo com o resultado das pesquisas científicas acadêmicas são fortes indícios que vivemos um momento de alta produção científica com baixa relevância. Inspirados pelas correntes discussões sobre a proliferação de publicações de baixa relevância e pelo crescimento da aplicação do design thinking em outras áreas do conhecimento (além do Design), esse é um ensaio exploratório sobre como o uso do design thinking em pesquisa acadêmica científica em Marketing. O design thinking não substitui o processo de pesquisa tradicional – ele o encorpa com a aceitação do pensamento criativo abdutivo, com a formação de um time multidisciplinar e com o aumento do repertório dos pesquisadores nas fases iniciais, com potencial de melhorar a qualidade da pesquisa em extensão e profundidade.

Negotiating boundaries: Framing and sense-making in a design thinking project with an elderly community

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2021

In recent years Design Thinking has established itself as a popular methodology for unlocking the creative potential that drives innovation, and scholars have begun to apply it in the health sector. However, as a conceptual framework, the approach has been criticised for lacking coherence and empirical validation. Although few have explicitly highlighted the central role of frame management in Design Thinking, we propose that much of the innovative potential, as outlined in its founding principles, stems from a concern with mental processes that contextualise new information to give it meaning and significance. Here we sought to address this gap by studying the framing process in two design teams tasked with developing solutions to assist an elderly population with compliance with medication schedules. Findings from a qualitative analysis indicate that although Design Thinking has clear merit as a methodology for helping designers shift beyond their immediate field of expertise, feedback and observations gathered during engagement with stakeholders inevitably appear to make their way through a filtering process where specific interpretations and meanings become censored and constrained by dominant discourses. Especially in the health sector, where information is sensitive, critical attention to the underlying value systems and prevailing discourses that influence designers' implicit frames of reference is needed if Design Thinking is to gain credibility as a scientifically robust method for innovation.

Maker Competency Instrument for Elementary and Secondary School Science

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2023
J Sci Educ Tech

In this study, the Maker Competency Instrument (MCI) was developed to diagnose the level of Maker Competence of elementary and secondary students in South Korea. First, in this study, a draft of the test tool was adapted based on the Maker Competency Model developed as part of Yoon et al.’s research (2018). Then, two expert-level Delphi surveys examined the content validity of the MCI. To verify the construct’s validity, the exploratory factor analysis and the confirmatory factor analysis were conducted in two separate stages with the involvement of both teachers and professional Makers. As a result, it was confirmed by the MCI that 6 higher-order factors (Making mind, Making practice, collaboration, visual thinking, human-orientation, integrated thinking), 19 lower-order factors (observation, sense of challenge, interest in various areas, pleasure of the making process, understanding programming, understanding electricity, information searching, direct execution, understanding production tools, planning, hand knowledge, conflict management, communication, sharing, visual thinking and insight, humanity, user-oriented, analytical thinking, intuitive thinking), and 57 items were reasonable. From the outcome of this paper, it can be deduced that the MCI can be used from elementary to secondary school due to its proven reliability and validity.

Speed Dating with Design Thinking:: An Empirical Study of Managers Solving Business Problems with Design

Conference Paper

Full-text available

May 2019

Design thinking capabilities in the digital world: A bibliometric analysis of emerging trends

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2023

Recent research suggests that design thinking practices may foster the development of needed capabilities in new digitalised landscapes. However, existing publications represent individual contributions, and we lack a holistic understanding of the value of design thinking in a digital world. No review, to date, has offered a holistic retrospection of this research. In response, in this bibliometric review, we aim to shed light on the intellectual structure of multidisciplinary design thinking literature related to capabilities relevant to the digital world in higher education and business settings, highlight current trends and suggest further studies to advance theoretical and empirical underpinnings. Our study addresses this aim using bibliometric methods—bibliographic coupling and co-word analysis as they are particularly suitable for identifying current trends and future research priorities at the forefront of the research. Overall, bibliometric analyses of the publications dealing with the related topics published in the last 10 years (extracted from the Web of Science database) expose six trends and two possible future research developments highlighting the expanding scope of the design thinking scientific field related to capabilities required for the (more sustainable and human-centric) digital world. Relatedly, design thinking becomes a relevant approach to be included in higher education curricula and human resources training to prepare students and workers for the changing work demands. This paper is well-suited for education and business practitioners seeking to embed design thinking capabilities in their curricula and for design thinking and other scholars wanting to understand the field and possible directions for future research.

Scaling Local Bottom-Up Innovations through Value Co-Creation

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2022

Bottom-up initiatives of active citizens are increasingly demonstrating sustainable practices within local ecosystems. Local urban farming, sustainable agri-food systems, circular supply chains, and community fablabs are exemplary ways of tackling global challenges on a local level. Although promising in accelerating towards future-proof systems, these hyper-localized, bottom-up initiatives often struggle to take root in new contexts due to embedded socio-cultural challenges. With the premise that transformative capacity can be co-created to overcome such scaling challenges, the current work addresses the identified gap in scaling bottom-up initiatives into locally embedded ecosystems. While how to diffuse such practices across contexts is not straightforward, we introduce a three-phased approach enabling knowledge exchange and easing collaboration across cultures and ecosystems. The results allowed us to define common scalability criteria and to unfold scaling as a multi-step learning process to bridge identified cognitive and context gaps. The current article contributes to a broader activation of impact-driven scaling strategies and value creation processes that are transferable across contexts and deemed relevant for local ecosystems that are willing to co-create resilient socio-economic systems.

Inductive research in last‐mile delivery routing: Introducing the Re‐Gifting heuristic

Article

Aug 2022

The last‐mile problem presents a daunting challenge for many logistics service providers, especially some 7000 small, localized operations for whom the cost of complex software solutions is often prohibitive. As a result, last‐mile dispatchers rely on simple heuristics to ensure adequate customer service at an acceptable cost. This research effort extends prior qualitative work by developing and testing a simple vehicle routing heuristic, based on behaviors observed in practice, that prioritizes customer service over cost against other simple vehicle routing heuristics across a variety of environments using simulation. The results support the inclusion of a customer service focus in vehicle routing and the addition of such heuristics to existing algorithm portfolios, specifically in urban areas with well‐developed highway systems.

A methodological approach to co-design citizen science communication strategies directed to quadruple-helix stakeholders

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022

Citizen Science (CS) can help change the paradigm of science communication. To test this, 38 ongoing CS projects from Italy, Portugal and Spain have been selected by the H2020 NEWSERA project to act as pilots in the development of communication strategies, specifically targeting stakeholders in the quadruple helix. The projects, together with stakeholder representatives and science communication and journalism professionals participated in a series of workshops-#CitSciComm Labs-where communication strategies were co-designed, using adapted design-thinking methods. The innovative methodological approach is hereby presented and can be an inspiration for others willing to implement improved communication strategies to target different stakeholders. Abstract Citizen science; Science communication: theory and models Keywords https://doi.

Architect's role and Entrepreneurship in the startup of architecture firms in Egypt

Thesis

Full-text available

Jun 2022

Investigating Tools for Multi-Stakeholder Decision Making to Improve the Spatial Performance in Transport Interchanges

Conference Paper

Jan 2013

Formative Journeys: Formative Assessment With Journey Mapping Through Hero Stories, Gamification, Computational Thinking

Chapter

Full-text available

May 2022

The general purposes of this chapter are to provide a related literature review and share current pedagogical practices supporting formative digital-based assessments, especially as pertains to online/hybrid environments shared among a variety of educational community members (preservice teachers, in service teachers, undergraduate and graduate students, university faculty, K-12 students and family members). The authors have implemented a cross-course collaborative model in which university undergraduate and graduate students collaborate with each other toward greater service to community family events. The literature review includes 1) pedagogies in online/ blended learning environments, 2) top inquiry-based learning digital tools within collaborative learning systems, 3) digital-based formative and summative assessment, 4) gamification and computational thinking. The authors then present frameworks of a cross-course collaboration model: 1) pedagogical applications of their journey storytelling as digital formative assessments, as well as 2) empathy and journey mapping.

Tổ chức dạy học một số kiến thức chương “Mắt. Các dụng cụ quang học” - Vật lí 11 theo định hướng giáo dục STEAM

Thesis

Full-text available

Jul 2020

Trung Thanh Ta

Những năm gần đây, các nhà giáo dục trên thế giới đề xuất rằng để cho ra một sản phẩm công nghệ có thể thương mại được thì việc tích hợp các kiến thức STEM là chưa đủ mà phải cần có tư duy thiết kế, yếu tố nghệ thuật hay thẩm mĩ được tính đến trong quá trình sáng tạo sản phẩm và giải quyết vấn đề. Với định hướng giáo dục gắn với sự phát triển tư duy thiết kế của HS, quan điểm giáo dục STEAM ra đời. Yếu tố Nghệ thuật (Arts) được thêm vào để nhấn mạnh vai trò của trí tưởng tượng, sáng tạo trong qua trình học tập của học sinh (Henriksen, 2017). Tuy nhiên, yếu tố Nghệ thuật (Art) trong giáo dục STEAM chưa được chú trọng nghiên cứu, mặc dù cần thiết trong giáo dục phổ thông. Thực trạng trên đòi hỏi một nghiên cứu tổng quan về giáo dục STEAM nhằm thúc đẩy mô hình này ở nước ta. Bên cạnh đó, yêu cầu về các chủ đề STEM/STEAM mang tính giáo dục, thiết thực, phù hợp với định hướng của chương trình giáo dục mới cũng là vấn đề vô cùng cấp thiết. Trong môn vật lí, quang hình học ở cấp THPT là một lĩnh vực quan trọng và mang nhiều ứng dụng trong đời sống. Kiến thức của lĩnh vực này góp phần hình thành ở HS những hiểu biết cơ bản về cơ sở của quang kĩ thuật với các định luật truyền thẳng ánh sáng, định luật khúc xạ ánh sáng, … Những kiến thức cơ bản này là nguyên lí bên trong một số thiết bị có tính ứng dụng cao như mắt kính, máy chiếu, kính thiên văn, … Tuy nhiên, các chủ đề dạy học định hướng STEAM thuộc kiến thức về quang hình học trong chương “Mắt. Các dụng cụ quang học” vẫn chưa được khai thác tối ưu để đưa vào dạy học, gây trở ngại lớn đối với HS phổ thông khi tiếp cận những kiến thức này. Với những lý do trên, chúng tôi lựa chọn thực hiện đề tài: Tổ chức dạy học một số kiến thức chương “Mắt. Các dụng cụ quang học” - Vật lí 11 theo định hướng giáo dục STEAM.

The History of Design Thinking

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2021

Daniel De Salles Canfield

This article aims to carry out a historical research of Design Thinking (DT). Based on a bibliographic research, a DT timeline was structured and its main events were described: its precursors; the emergence in the world and Brazil. The results demonstrate a conceptual transformation of DT over time, originating from an academic discourse and, currently, a managerial recognition and implementation.

STEAM education and the applicability of design thinking as an approach to integrate Art-liberal into STEAM education

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2021

STEAM education is increasingly attracting greater attentions from educators and researchers worldwide, including Viet Nam. This education model is considered as the evolution of the STEM approach by integrating the Art-Liberal element. Despite numerous researches on STEAM education, there has yet been a consensus on how to emphasize the Art-Liberal element in the application of such an education model. In this paper, design thinking teaching process is proposed as one viable method to implement STEAM education with an emphasis on Art-Liberal element. Firstly, an overview of STEAM education is presented followed by the clarification of different features of Art-Liberal element in STEAM education. Secondly, the design thinking process is examined as an effective means of incorporating students’ intuitive and analytical thinking via the open and close phases within the process. The study suggests the applicability of the design thinking teaching process for STEAM education in Vietnamese High School curriculum, which greatly contributes to the students’ competency development.

Design Thinking for Innovative Learning: Crafting a Collaborative Activity Package to Enhance Teamwork Skills in Science Education

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2024

This study aims to enhance teamwork skills among lower secondary school science students through a Learning Activity Package (LAP) using the design thinking process. The research evaluates the experiences of science teachers and students to identify areas for improvement in teamwork skills, which is achieved through interviews and observations in the Empathise & Define phase. Insights from this phase are used in the Ideate & Prototype phase to develop and refine collaborative learning activities, focusing on communication, collaboration, and problem-solving. Rooted in cooperative learning theory and utilising a design thinking framework, the study employs a user-centred approach with tools like personas and user journey maps. The project, through expert evaluations and an iterative design process, aims to contribute significantly to the development of teamwork skills, preparing students for future workforce demands.

Human-centered design approach to building a transition readiness mHealth intervention for early adolescents

Article

Aug 2024
J PEDIATR PSYCHOL

Objective Mobile health (mHealth) interventions may be an efficacious strategy for promoting health behaviors among pediatric populations, but their success at the implementation stage has proven challenging. The purpose of this article is to provide a blueprint for using human-centered design (HCD) methods to maximize the potential for implementation, by sharing the example of a youth-, family-, and clinician-engaged process of creating an mHealth intervention aimed at promoting healthcare transition readiness. Method Following HCD methods in partnership with three advisory councils, we conducted semistructured interviews with 13- to 15-year-old patients and their caregivers in two phases. In Phase 1, participants described challenges during the transition journey, and generated ideas regarding the format, content, and other qualities of the mHealth tool. For Phase 2, early adolescents and caregivers provided iterative feedback on two sequential intervention prototypes. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis in Phase 1 and the rapid assessment process for Phase 2. Results We interviewed 11 youth and 8 caregivers. The sample included adolescents with a range of chronic health conditions. In Phase 1, participants supported the idea of developing an autonomy-building tool, delivering transition readiness education via social media style videos. In Phase 2, participants responded positively to the successive prototypes and provided suggestions to make information accessible, relatable, and engaging. Conclusions The procedures shared in this article could inform other researchers’ plans to apply HCD in collaboration with implementation partners to develop mHealth interventions. Our future directions include iteratively developing more videos to promote transition readiness and implementing the intervention in clinical care.

The impact of design thinking and its underlying theoretical mechanisms: A review of the literature

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2024

Design thinking (DT) is of growing interest to academics and practitioners as a practice to approach problem‐solving and innovation Its influence extends beyond the realms of innovation and corporate performance, yet a comprehensive overview of its multifaceted impact remains surprisingly elusive in DT research. Furthermore, explanations for how DT generates such impact are scattered and inadequately grounded in existing literature. Understanding DT impact, therefore, requires a more robust integration with existing literature, synthesizing interdisciplinary research streams. Conducting a systematic literature review to assemble and elucidate the current knowledge and theoretical foundations of DT and its impact, we following a rigourous search process. We screened 1035 publications and included 69 articles for our review. Synthesizing the theories underpinning these papers, we identified four theoretical mechanisms that explain the impact of DT—integration, reframing, enablement and collaborative engagement. We further provide a structured overview of four levels of DT impact that research has examined so far—organizations, teams, individuals and society. Our study advances innovation management research through a holistic overview of the what and how of DT impact. Furthermore, we provide three future perspectives for advancing research on DT impact, aiming to encourage further exploration and understanding in this critical area.

Soft Design Science Methodology

Chapter

Jul 2014

A handbook of situated design methods, with analyses and cases that range from designing study processes to understanding customer experiences to developing interactive installations. All design is situated—carried out from an embedded position. Design involves many participants and encompasses a range of interactions and interdependencies among designers, designs, design methods, and users. Design is also multidisciplinary, extending beyond the traditional design professions into such domains as health, culture, education, and transportation. This book presents eighteen situated design methods, offering cases and analyses of projects that range from designing interactive installations, urban spaces, and environmental systems to understanding customer experiences. Each chapter presents a different method, combining theoretical, methodological, and empirical discussions with accounts of actual experiences. The book describes methods for defining and organizing a design project, organizing collaborative processes, creating aesthetic experiences, and incorporating sustainability into processes and projects. The diverse and multidisciplinary methods presented include a problem- and project-based approach to design studies; a “Wheel of Rituals” intended to promote creativity; a pragmatist method for situated experience design that derives from empirical studies of film production and performance design; and ways to transfer design methods in a situated manner. The book will be an important resource for researchers, students, and practitioners of interdisciplinary design.

Overview and Selection of Research Methodology and Methods

Chapter

May 2023

Research is not just the “gathering of facts or information”, “moving facts from one situation to another”, or “a word to get your product noticed” (Walliman, Your research project: a step by step guide for the first-time researcher, Sage Publication Inc., 2005, p. 8), it is rather a procedure that “includes the components for collective inquiry, research design, methodology, data collection and analysis, concluding with the communication of the findings” (Juznic and Urbanija, Library Management 24:324–331, 2003, p. 324).

METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYSIS OF DEMAND IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN BASED ON THE STUDY OF PURCHAS-ING EXPERIENCE FOR ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS COMPETITIVENESS

Article

Nov 2021

В статье изложены методологические подходы к анализу спроса в цепи поставок, формируемого предприятием-производителем готовой продукции. В качестве исходной базы для анализа факторов, влияющих на формирование первичного спроса, выбрана модель дизайн-мышления, учитывающая когнитивно-эмоциональное состояние потребителей при совершении покупок. Представлены результаты исследования покупательского опыта работающих и учащихся онлайн-покупателей о влиянии когнитивных и эмоциональных факторов на принятие решения о покупке различных потребительских товаров, производимых участниками цепи поставок. Внедрение данного подхода к анализу спроса позволит не только оптимизировать операционные расходы участников цепи поставок, но и повысить их конкурентоспособность за счёт производства товаров, отражающих когнитивно-эмоциональные ожидания потребителей. The article outlines methodological approaches to the analysis of demand in the supply chain, formed by the manufacturer of finished products. As a starting point for the analysis of factors influencing the formation of primary demand, a design thinking model was chosen that takes into account the cognitive and emotional state of consumers when making purchases. The article presents the results of a study of the purchasing experience of working and student online shoppers on the influence of cognitive and emotional factors on the decision to purchase various consumer goods produced by participants in the supply chain. The introduction of this approach to the analysis of demand will not only optimize the operating costs of participants in the supply chain, but also increase their competitiveness through the production of goods that reflect the cognitive and emotional expectations of consumers.

Advancing Community Engagement in Higher Education Institutions in South Africa: Addressing the Leadership Gap

Chapter

Full-text available

May 2023

Globally, higher education institutions are charged with the responsibility to play three roles, which are teaching and learning, research, and community engagement. This chapter focuses on the third mission, community engagement. Reviewed literature has revealed that teaching and learning and research in higher education have had greater attention and support from the government, while community engagement remained at the periphery of this support. The success in teaching and learning and research in higher education in South Africa stems from its astute leadership, whereas the same cannot be said with community engagement. A plethora of literature has revealed that the challenges experienced in community engagement in higher education in South Africa include among others lack of, and leadership, lack and insufficient funding, and lack of outcome evaluation for example. This chapter focuses on the leadership gap in community engagement with specific attention given to four (n = 4) purposively selected institutions of higher education. The main objective was to identify the challenges impacting the successes or lack of it in community engagement efforts in higher education in South Africa. This is desktop qualitative document analysis conducted to analyse the alignment between the strategic plan and the annual reports.

Design thinking mindset: scale development and validation

Article

Feb 2023

Expectations from Higher Education institutions are increasing towards the education of professionals able to face complex societal issues. In this context, traditional thinking is losing ground, and scholars agree on the importance of promoting a Design Thinking (DT) Mindset in educational settings to address wicked problems. However, an explanation of and measurement for the DT mindset still needs to be adequately developed. We developed and validated a scale to measure DT mindset to fill this gap. After a comprehensive literature review, quantitative research was performed on two samples of professionals (N = 151) and students (N = 201). We employed confirmatory factor analysis, which yielded a 31-item scale based on ten dimensions. Overall, this study supports the conceptualization and operationalization of the DT mindset as a second-order factor that reflects uncertainty and risk, empathy, holistic thinking, collaboration and diversity, learning orientation, experimentation, critical questioning, abduction, creative confidence, and impact. Our findings advance knowledge that facilitates new research paths and has practical implications for educational and management fields.

Design thinking for entrepreneurship: An explorative inquiry into its practical contributions

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2023

Design thinking (DT) is expanding its horizons across a variety of different domains. One of the early and debated contributions regarding DT addressed its relationship with the entrepreneurial field. Today, there are numerous contributions that design thinking can offer in the creation of new ventures. However, there are few examples in the literature that discuss the concrete impacts and benefits of adopting DT in this field, demonstrating it through entrepreneurial projects. This paper aims to explore practitioners’ experiences with the application of theories from design thinking inside an entrepreneurial context. The impacts of the learning and the relative application of the main design thinking principles are evaluated via a sample of 50 participants in an international summer academy that offered education on DT concepts and practices. Through this research, a deep understanding of how design thinking can contribute to entrepreneurship is provided, highlighting which specific DT abilities enable the development of entrepreneurial activity.

Human-centred Design Thinking as a Framework for Sport Event Coordination

Chapter

Oct 2022

The Hidden Values Related to The Variety of Design Thinking Models

Conference Paper

Full-text available

Jan 2019

Design Thinking (DT) is spreading in business community as a relevant innovation practice to change product and services. The term is more and more used and discussed, so this article-leveraging a literature review of 15 years-aims to find and to show the explicit value generated by the different DT patterns as recognized by literature and-going through a more deepening and complementary literature analysis-it expresses some hidden values associated to the four main patterns of DT. A growing stream of literature in last years-on one hand-deepened the underpinning constructs and the founding principles of DT intended in a first frame as a "Creative Problem Solving" approach-on the other hand-it stretched the application of DT to novel scopes and fields embracing novel principles and practices. Creative problem solving-for instance-is mostly recognized for the value of "ideating", recognizing the variety and the number of different ideas to solve a user problem. On the other hand, the principles embedded in it-as abductive reasoning, "reframing", quick prototyping-seem to recall the same principles of "lean entrepreneurship". Moreover, the emerging need related to digital environments to quickly test and grasping feedbacks from the user induced a new way to apply DT mostly pushing on the execution phase. "Sprint" is a process-oriented to produce insights from mapping and analyzing user behaviours, to take a fast decision about new interactive concepts and rapidly build "Minimum Viable Products" to accumulate learning and iteratively change the outcomes. Even this aspect seems to be connected and strengthen the lean entrepreneurial literature stream. DT, furthermore-leveraging people creativity-needs to continuously engage employees and stakeholders in compelling and motivating ways. Given that everyone assumes a personalized role in contributing to the creative process, an emerging challenge of DT consists to increase the "creative confidence" of individual and teams. At this level, DT seems to be more internally oriented-nurturing the knowledge and human capital of organizations-instead of placing novel solutions on the marketplace.

An Empirical Study on the Improvement of Design Thinking Ability Based on Virtual Reality Technology

Chapter

Jun 2022
Lect Notes Comput Sci

Design thinking has the characteristics of people-oriented and goal-oriented, and it has become an indispensable way of thinking to cultivate innovative talents. Virtual reality technology coincides with the training mode of design thinking with its characteristics of immersion, interactivity and conception. Through the study of existing literature, the researchers learned that virtual reality technology has been widely used in various design courses, but there are few researches applied to design thinking courses. This study explores two questions: “Will virtual reality-based design thinking courses improve students’ design thinking ability compared to the control group?”, “How would students describe their approach to problem solving in the design thinking course? “In this study, 66 postgraduate students in educational technology were divided into two groups for quasi-experimental study: virtual reality-based design thinking teaching group (n = 33) and conventional design thinking teaching group (n = 33). At the same time, with the help of the design thinking model of Stanford University, the relevant scale is designed, and the data are collected and analyzed in both qualitative and quantitative ways. The experiment shows that learning design thinking course based on virtual reality technology is helpful to improve students’ design thinking ability. KeywordsDesign thinkingVirtual reality technologyInnovation

Rethinking the Campus Experience in a Post-COVID World: A Multi-Stakeholder Design Thinking Experiment

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2022

In a post-COVID world, rethinking the campus experience is critical for defining new pedagogical strategies. As higher education moves toward more student-centred action learning models, university leaders should engage in democratic design methods that empower students and professors. Design thinking (DT) is a user-centred design approach that can aid in the creation of future learning environments. While DT has been used in innovative space design, we know little about how students, professors, and other community members can act as codesign partners. To understand their role in codesign and how their experiences are incorporated into new building design decisions, we need a conceptual model. To develop this model, we examined a case study of the evolutionary co-design process of a new building for a leading information management school in Europe. Using the concept of three phases of design thinking defined by Brown (2009): Inspire, Ideate, and Implement, we collaborated with a group of 50 design thinking students and more than 500 members of the community representing different stakeholders, to create new spaces and rethink the learning experience. Our discussion will centre on the creation of a participatory design thinking model that positions students as design partners alongside university decision makers. The findings conclude that, by applying design thinking methods, it was possible to unveil new dimensions of the success of future campuses that go beyond the building design. Creating meaningful learning spaces that inspire creativity and critical thinking requires an alignment between human centred design, organizational change management and new pedagogical strategies.

Design thinking and project management: an analysis of the relationship between its characteristics

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2021

Design thinking and project management: an analysis of the relationship between their characteristics

Article

Jan 2021

Design Thinking: A Tool to Increase the Competitiveness of an Online Store: An Empirical Study

Chapter

Mar 2022

This article studies the issues of increasing the competitiveness of an online store using a design thinking model to study consumers’ behavior under the conditions of the pandemic; in particular, empirical data on the economic situation and the purchasing experience of online consumers (young Russian students and workers) are provided. The choice of design thinking as the basic study model is justified by the fact that it became possible to take into account the emotional reaction of a consumer when buying a product as an important criterion for the competitiveness of an online store. To assess the level of emotions, the respondents were offered various products that require rational or emotional decisions on purchase. Empirical data on purchaser journey route depending on the type of goods purchased in online stores are provided. The results obtained can be used for development of measures to increase the company’s competitiveness.

Development of Design Thinking Class Program Applying Creative Problem Solving(CPS) in College Classes

Article