Article

Supply chain resilience in the global financial crisis: An empirical study

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Abstract

Purpose The objective of this paper is to conceptualise supply chain resilience (SCRES) and to identify and explore empirically its relationship with the related concepts of supply chain vulnerability (SCV) and supply chain risk management (SCRM). Design/methodology/approach From a review of the literature the conceptual domain of SCRES is defined and the proposed relationships with SCRM and SCV are derived. Data from a longitudinal case study with three supply chains are presented to explore the relationship between the concepts in the context of the global financial crisis. Findings The empirical data provide support for a positive impact of supply chain risk (SCR) effect and knowledge management on SCRES and from SCRES on SCV. SCR effect and knowledge management seem to enhance the SCRES by improving the flexibility, visibility, velocity and collaboration capabilities of the supply chain. Thereby, they decrease the SCV in a disruptive risk event. The positive effects manifest themselves in upstream supplier networks of supply chains as well as in distribution channels to the customers. Research limitations/implications The recession caused by the financial crisis has illustrated the importance of SCRES in today's interdependent global economy vividly. However, the concept is still in its infancy and has not received the same attention as its counterparts SCRM and SCV. The study confirms the benefit of resilient supply chains and outlines future research needs. Practical implications The paper identifies which supply chain capabilities can support the containment of disruptions and how these capabilities can be supported by effective SCRM. Originality/value To date, there has been no empirical study which has investigated supply chain resilience in a disruptive global event.

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... In contrast to the well-defined parameters of conventional supply chains, SCR exhibits a variety of diverse conceptualizations. Jüttner and Maklan (2011) define SCR as the capability of recovering better from a supply chain disruption than other supply chains. Ponomarov and Holcomb (2009) define SCR as the adaptive capability of a supply chain to prepare and react to a disruption while maintaining operations. ...
... According to Christopher and Peck (2004), collaboration also enhances various aspects of SCR, including velocity, the ability to adapt to changes in operations, and the capability to respond effectively to fluctuations in supply and demand. Previous research underscores the significance of collaboration in advancing SCR (Christopher & Peck, 2004;Jüttner & Maklan, 2011). However, Scholten and Schilder (2015) draw attention to the limited exploration of collaboration as an enabler for SCR in the existing literature and call for further research on the topic. ...
... Companies can practice sharing inherent risks in their supply chains, ultimately improving flexibility for all involved parties (Jüttner & Maklan, 2011;Tang, 2006). Jüttner and Maklan explore various methods for establishing risk-sharing agreements in their case study, ranging from negotiated pricing agreements designed to mitigate price volatility to outsourcing certain outbound logistics functions, which are collectively distributed among participating entities. ...
Thesis
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The paper investigates the factors affecting supply chain resilience in startups and small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in maintaining resilient supply chains amidst disruptions. Through quantitative analysis, I examine these businesses' strategies to mitigate disruptions caused by events, such as political tension or global pandemics, and sustain operational capabilities. The research utilizes an empirical approach. To interpret the collected data, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to draw insights. The quantitative survey was conducted with a sample of 154 supply chain professionals from startups and SMEs. The quantitative findings derived from the data analysis revealed that collaboration, flexibility, and organizational culture positively impact supply chain resilience. These company-level capabilities mutually reinforce each other, amplifying their overall effect. The paper provides practitioners with recommendations for creating a more resilient supply chain amidst the global economy and subsequent disruptions. The recommendations are tailored around enhancing the identified capabilities. The study also provides academic insights into the supply chain resilience of startups and SMEs, helping them better understand their unique situations. This thesis underscores the importance of studies conducted in different contexts, from company sizes to industries, to understand relevant insights for each context better. The research outcomes support ongoing efforts to enhance supply chain robustness in the face of disruptions.
... For example, flexibility is described by Peck, 2005 as "being able to bend easily without breaking" and has been taken as an inherent element of resilience. For Jüttner and Maklan (2011) flexibility describes how well a system responds when faced with a disruptive event by ensuring continuity. This capability ensures that changes in the face of disruptive events are absorbed by the supply chain, generating assertive responses (Skipper and Hanna, 2009). ...
... One significant challenge is the lack of a comprehensive framework that integrates various dynamic capabilities essential for resilience. For instance, while some studies emphasize flexibility as a critical capability, they may overlook the interplay between flexibility and adaptability, which can lead to incomplete conclusions about how organizations can effectively respond to disruptions (Jüttner and Maklan, 2011;Peck, 2005). ...
... At the literature review level, based on the perspective of Briano et al. (2009), Jüttner andMaklan (2011) and Ponomarov and Holcomb (2009), they take the elements of resilience and bring them to the level of dynamic capabilities, given that a resilient supply chain is underpinned by elements of resilience, which have been considered for the analysis of the chain under specific contexts of analysis, in order to establish strategies that allow it to learn from disruptive events, provide efficient responses and develop capabilities that make it less vulnerable to threats . Also, supply chain dynamism positively influences both disruption orientation and resilience, with resilience mediating the relationship between disruption orientation and financial performance (Yu et al., 2019). ...
Article
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This study investigates the escalating complexity and unpredictability of global supply chains, with a particular emphasis on resilience in the agricultural sector of Antioquia, Colombia. The aim of the study is to identify and analyze the dynamic capabilities, specifically flexibility and adaptability that significantly enhance resilience within agri-food supply chains. Given the sector’s vulnerability to external disruptions, such as climate change and economic volatility, a thorough understanding of these capabilities is imperative for the formulation of effective risk management strategies. This research is essential to provide empirical insights that can inform stakeholders on fortifying their supply chains, thereby contributing to enhanced competitiveness and sustainability. By presenting a comprehensive framework for evaluating dynamic capabilities, this study not only addresses existing gaps in the literature but also offers practical recommendations aimed at bolstering resilience in the agricultural sector.
... Resilience is intimately tied to supply chain risk and vulnerability in the supply chain literature, reflecting the idea that it is difficult to identify or mitigate all potential supply chain hazards, [64]. Among the various definitions of (SCRes) in the literature, the one proposed by [65] stands out as the most widely accepted. They define (SCRes) as "the adaptive capability of the supply chain to prepare for unexpected events, respond to disruptions, and recover from them by maintaining continuity of operations at a desired level of connectedness and control over structure and function", [65]. ...
... Among the various definitions of (SCRes) in the literature, the one proposed by [65] stands out as the most widely accepted. They define (SCRes) as "the adaptive capability of the supply chain to prepare for unexpected events, respond to disruptions, and recover from them by maintaining continuity of operations at a desired level of connectedness and control over structure and function", [65]. ...
...  As demonstrated by IKEA's demand for environmentally friendly practices from its suppliers, which are in line with IKEA's environmental strategy, collaboration helps reduce uncertainty by effectively allocating risks. In the face of risks, agility emerges as a key factor in Supply Chain Resilience (SCR), according to [65].  Organizations can improve their supply chain resilience and more adeptly handle the difficulties presented by disruptions in today's ever-changing business landscape by concentrating on five responsiveness elements. ...
Article
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Businesses need resilience in supply chain logistics to efficiently manage and minimize disruptions and maintain a smooth flow of goods and services. The present study aims to examine the elements influencing supply chain resilience to enhance overall supply chain performance. A thorough literature assessment served as the foundation for the study's methodology. Two methods were employed to examine the body of knowledge on supply chain resilience: first, databases and journals were searched using specific keywords; second, the publications' references were followed to find the literature that the databases and journals had not been able to locate. When building the sample for this analysis, only publications released after 2002 were included. This strategy provided 150 high-quality research articles that served as the basis for the literature evaluation reported in this study. The research article's conclusions state that manufacturers or businesses need to consider both internal and external factors when identifying and analyzing potential supply chain interruptions. To handle hazards that have been discovered, develop a comprehensive risk management plan and rank hazards according to likelihood and possible consequences. This information could prove vital for managers and supply chain experts in manufacturing companies with useful information that helps them improve the robustness of their supply networks. Moreover, because this study highlights the connection between supply chain resilience and an organization's overall performance, it occupies a significant position in the literature. The findings suggest that a company's reputation among supply chain partners and consumers is negatively impacted by frequent interruptions to business. This finding is consistent with the crisis literature, as stated by Coombs, which shows that a firm's reputation suffers more when it bears a larger portion of the blame for a crisis. The study emphasizes strategies for supply chain resilience, including diversifying suppliers, implementing robust risk management, enhancing transparency, investing in advanced technologies, fostering collaboration, and ensuring agility and flexibility in unforeseen disruptions.
... Width rising environmental uncertainties and business dynamics, enhancing SC resilience (SCR) and agility is critical in manufacturing. SCR is linked to adaptiveness and responsiveness [34,35], in VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous) [36] environments, risk management [37,38], and performance management [11,36,[39][40][41]. Industry initiatives like Catena-X and case study participants P1-P5, and P9 as outlined in Table A1 in the Appendix emphasize the need for collaborative, holistic solutions across ecosystems, which are currently insufficient. ...
... Qualitative research is necessary to examine target organizations [11,38] and the strategic impact of IT on their deep structures [53]. According to Friedenthal et al., SE requires a strong scientific foundation and formal shared ontologies to maximize its value [3]. ...
Article
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Globalization and growing business dynamics lead to weakly harmonized supply chain (SC) systems. While smart technology offers innovation opportunities, supply chains often lack the integration needed to fully leverage resources and collaboration. A comprehensive systems engineering (SE)-driven model for integrated innovation and optimization of smart SC business models is still missing. This study, through case research at SAP SE’s Industry 4.0 division and three automotive companies, identifies key digital transformation objectives and interoperability gaps hindering smart opportunities. Systems engineering, supply chain management (SCM), and artificial intelligence (AI) methods were synthesized into a holistic SE-driven model for transforming and optimizing SC business models. This model integrates management concepts like the theory of ambidexterity and dynamic capabilities, with SE methods capability engineering and complex adaptive systems, and semantic web concepts. Key SE contributions include meta-modeling multi-tier SC architectures, ensuring performance and resilience via simulations, and balancing value exploration and exploitation. Moreover, semantic harmonized and profit-optimized SC ecosystems enable collaborative innovation for flexible, efficient manufacturing—a core Industry 4.0 principle. This SE-driven model, validated by experts, provides a concise view of digital SC business models and a driver of generative design.
... This approach emphasizes building adaptive capacities-such as flexibility, speed, visibility, and collaboration-so that firms can respond swiftly and effectively to unforeseen disruptions [2,3]. Adaptive supply chain resilience focuses on achieving flexibility, velocity, visibility, and collaboration, which are crucial for responding to unexpected events [20]. By fostering these dynamic capabilities, organizations can not only withstand disruptions but also recover rapidly, ensuring operational continuity [14]. ...
... Unlike traditional risk management approaches, SCRES builds proactive capabilities within supply chains, such as agility, flexibility, and collaboration, enabling organizations to adapt to unforeseen challenges more effectively [126,127]. These capabilities are critical, especially as supply chains become more intertwined globally, relying on just-in-time production, international sourcing, and lean inventory strategies, which leave little room for error maintaining continuity of operations at the desired level of connectedness and control [20,128]. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how a single disruption could cascade throughout the supply chain, affecting multiple stages of production and distribution, ultimately highlighting the need for adaptive resilience strategies [129]. ...
Article
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Mitigating Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: A Bibliometric Analysis of Sustainable Logistics for Resilience and Risk Management with Perspectives on the Automotive Industry
... At the heart of this response lies the concept of readiness, which was introduced by Datta et al. (2007). Readiness assumes a pivotal role in enabling SCs to prepare for unforeseen events both at the internal level through strong organisational shared values and at the external level through strategic relationships with stakeholders (Desoutter and Lavissiere 2018;Jüttner and Maklan 2011;Osei et al. 2023;Ponomarov and Holcomb 2009). SC readiness, in essence, is a set of capabilities aiming to recognise, anticipate and prevent risks and disruptions before damage occurs (Chowdhury and Quaddus 2016). ...
... Hence, SC responsiveness equips SCs with the ability to recover quickly and to return to normal or stronger positions, sometimes through building inventories such as safety stocks (Etienne 2005). This ability to respond quickly to environmental forces can arguably be considered a distinctive capability and a unique source of competitive advantage (Jüttner and Maklan 2011). ...
Article
This study investigates the influence of organisational culture (OC) on supply chain (SC) readiness and SC responsiveness following the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as the moderation of disruption severity on those relationships. A survey was conducted in 2021 on French organisations, yielding 312 valid answers. Partial least squares structural equation modelling approach and multi-group analysis (MGA) are employed for the analysis. The results highlight the positive and significant impact of OC on both of SC readiness and SC responsiveness. Specifically, clan and market cultures affect SC readiness, whereas SC responsiveness is influenced by hierarchy as well as clan and market cultures. The moderating role of disruption severity was not found to be significant. However, the MGA revealed that organisations under low severity disruption had a bigger effect of OC on their SC responsiveness. This study is one of the few studies that examines the impact of OC on SC readiness and responsiveness in the context of unprecedented level of disruption.
... System-wide insights could point out bottlenecks and other potential pitfalls, enabling firms to take preventative action before disruption actually occurs. For Jüttner and Maklan (2011), transferring risk and knowledge between SCs increased SC resilience. ...
Article
The aim of this study is to develop an integrated model of the economic value of the of the supply chain integration (SCI) through resilience, in Jordan’s manufacturing sector, focusing on how internal integration, supplier integration, and customer integration drive firm performance, with particular emphasis on the mediating effect of supply chain resilience. Data were collected from 300 managers of various manufacturing firms through a structured questionnaire, and linear regression and SEM were used to test the hypothesized relationships. The results indicated that internal integration significantly improves operational efficiency and cost reduction, supplier integration improves the efficiency of purchasing cost, and customer integration enhances responsiveness to market trends. Supply chain resilience is important in enabling firms to maintain stability in performance despite disruptions. The findings have implications for practical investment in integration and resilience to achieve strategic performance by Jordanian manufacturers. This research extends the literature on how SCI influences performance in a developing economy, with an emphasis on the need for a balanced approach between integration and resilience. Future studies should investigate these dynamics across different contexts to better comprehend the interplay between SCI and resilience.
... The supply chain visibility capability ensures that essential information is readily available to those who need it, inside and outside to the organization, for monitoring, controlling, and adapting the supply chain operations and strategies (Kamble et al., 2020). Consequently, supply chains possessing the supply chain visibility, can coordinate effectively on the key operational decisions with their supply chain partners and mitigate the ordering and delivery discrepancies (Barratt & Oke, 2007;Brandon-Jones et al., 2014;Jüttner & Maklan, 2011). ...
Conference Paper
A critical element to managing food waste is having a robust food supply chain. This study aims to explore the impact of supply chain capabilities, as it relates to supply chain visibility and supply chain coordination on food waste at the retailing stage. A research model depicting the expected relationships is proposed based on literature review and an exploratory study on four grocery stores in the United States. The underlying themes of the aforesaid capabilities that emerged from the data are presented. The proposed model can be tested for its validity by future studies.
... Supply chain resilience (SCR) is defined as the ability to withstand difficulties as well as recover throughout disruptions through the deployment of synchronised planning, analytics of data, supplier diversifying activities, capacity, and inventory buffering (Jüttner & Maklan, 2011). Many industry studies emphasise the need for resilient supply networks, highlighting that higher resilience reduces risk and increases the capacity to invest in technological advancement and innovation (Shivajee et al., 2023). ...
Article
Sports tourism, involving various stakeholders, faces challenges in building resilience to disruptions, lack of coordination, and enhancing service quality. This study addresses these critical issues by exploring the resilience of the sports tourism supply chain (STSC), focusing on three key objectives: robust risk management, digitalisation, and sustainability. The study identifies the key stakeholders involved in the STSC and examines strategies to enhance supply chain resilience (SCR) by considering the viewpoints of stakeholders. To achieve this, a novel spherical fuzzy MACTOR (Matrix of Alliances and Conflicts: Tactics, Objectives, and Recommendations) approach is introduced, which analyzes the relationships between stakeholders and their alignment toward common goals. The findings indicate that the three dimensions of sustainability (environmental, financial, and social) are considered more important than risk management and digitalisation in achieving sports tourism supply chain resilience. These findings highlight that the industry should focus on aligning sustainability goals with risk management and digital transformation strategies to enhance long-term resilience and ensure sustainable growth. In sports tourism, effective communication and collaboration among STSC members are of great importance to strengthen stakeholder cooperation to adapt to future challenges and ensure resilience and growth.
... Dynamism, coupled with market volatility, continues to expose supply chains to disruptive events. The origins of these disruptions can be attributed not only to the complex, multi-tiered, and global nature of many supply chain configurations (Christopher, Peck, 2004;Jüttner, Maklan, 2011;Sheffi, Rice, 2005) but also to their inherent interconnectivity (Knemeyer et al., 2009;Bakshi, Kleindorfer, 2009). Consequently, supply chain disruptions are unavoidable occurrences, presenting a significant contemporary challenge regarding how organizations and their supply chains can recuperate while maintaining sustained performance outcomes (Ponomarov, Holcomb, 2009). ...
Article
Purpose: The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of investigating disturbances in the flow of materials for production and to select methods that can be used to identify, measure and evaluate disturbances that occur in the material logistics of companies. Design/methodology/approach: This paper proposes a self-developed methodology for identifying, measuring and analysing disruptions in material flows to the production process based on cause-and-effect analysis. Findings: The result of the research undertaken in this article is to present the application of the developed methodology for the identification and analysis of disruptions in the material logistics of a paint and plastering compound company. Practical implications: The developed methodology provides a versatile tool for identifying and analysing disruptions to material flows in the production process and can be applied to manufacturing companies in various industries. Originality/value: This article contains the results of the measurement and analysis of disruptions occurring in the material flows of a company specialising in the production of paints and plastering compounds, for which an in-house methodology based on cause-effect analysis was proposed. This resulted in the identification of disruptions in material flows, but also in the identification of the source of their occurrence and where they manifest themselves in the value added chain.
... Redundant Strategy. According to Jüttner & Maklan (2011), a redundant strategy is a strategy of additional capacity and/or inventory availability when needed. Redundancy is also a strategy to increase capacity by increasing safety stock or also with a multi-sourcing strategy to maintain the production process when there is a risk or disruption related to suppliers. ...
Article
The fashion industry in Bandung cannot be separated from various risks that will disrupt its supply chain. For the supply chain to endure risks, the fashion industry should develop a Supply Chain Design Strategy (SC Design Strategy) so that the supply chain is resilient to possible risks. SC Design Strategyis the ability to recover from disruptions by developing responsive capabilities, through redundancy and flexibility. So, this research aims to find out what form of SC Design Strategyis currently being implemented by fashion industry entrepreneurs in Bandung so that it can be used to create approaches towards resiliency. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation and interviews with company owners, managers, and employees of the enterprises. Data analysis uses a scoring rubric technique to measure the company's condition. Based on the results, the sourcing strategy dimension is the dimension that is most widely applied by ten fashion industry business actors in Bandung. Business actors said that they implemented strict supplier selection indicators to produce good quality products from suitable raw materials. Few business actors implemented global sourcing indicators, especially about supplying raw materials from abroad. In the redundant strategy dimension, most business actors use multi-sourcing indicators, namely alternative strategies for more than one supplier. For the flexible strategy dimension, several business actors use flexible transportation indicators to minimize transportation risks. Most business actors do not apply factory redesign indicators because most of them do not have their factories, so it will be hard to change the production system.
... Természetesen már korábban, a 2000-es és 2010-es években is foglalkoztatta a kutatókat az ellátási láncok rezilienciájának kérdése, hiszen mint kockázat, már akkor is azonosításra került a változó környezethez történő minél gyorsabb alkalmazkodás kérdése [9]; [24]. A globalizáció növekvő mértéke, a termékélet-ciklusok rövidülésével párhuzamosan a dinamikusan változó és megnövekedett fogyasztói igények, a készletek csökkentése iránt kialakult igény, illetve a teljes ellátási lánc ciklusidejének rövidülése mind az ezekhez a célokhoz történő igazodásnak a lehetőségeit tette a kutatások középpontjába. ...
Article
A tanulmány célja felállítani egy lehetséges beszállítóválasztási szempontrendszert, illetve az, hogy ezen paraméterek feltételrendszere mennyire rugalmasan változtatható. A tényezőkhöz jelen korunk változó környezete miatt nagyobb mértékű, rugalmas alkalmazkodás szükséges. A szempontok fontossága és a rugalmassági attitűd kérdőíves kutatás segítségével lett azonosítva, melynek eredménye alapján több szempontból is szükséges a reziliens hozzáállás az ellátási lánc beszállító-vevő kapcsolatában.
... It is evident that research on supply chain resilience has emerged as a rapidly growing field in recent years. Early studies primarily focused on models and methods using supply chain resilience as a context, such as system dynamics and directed graph matrix methods [30,31], as well as conceptual explorations related to supply chain resilience [32]. Subsequently, studies addressed organizational resilience at the individual enterprise level within supply chains [33]. ...
Article
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Against the backdrop of globalization, the complexity of supply chains has been increasing, making supply chain resilience a critical factor in ensuring the stable operation of enterprises, national economies, and international trade. This paper adopts a network modeling perspective to systematically review the theoretical foundations and research progress in supply chain resilience, focusing on the application of network modeling methods. First, the concept of supply chain resilience is defined, and its developmental trajectory is reviewed. Through literature visualization analysis, this study delves into the current state of research on supply chain resilience, addressing challenges and risk management, highlighting the importance of network modeling techniques in this field. Subsequently, it explores supply chain network modeling based on complex networks and agent-based modeling, analyzing their strengths and limitations in simulating the overall evolution of supply chains and the dynamic behavior of individual entities. By integrating network structural characteristics with resilience evaluation methods, this paper suggests potential directions for future research. These include enhancing the description of individual firm behavior, analyzing the dynamics of information networks, and emphasizing task-oriented model design, thereby offering new perspectives and pathways for managing supply chain resilience in a way that can generate significant positive externalities for global economies. This research also indicates that the enhanced resilience of supply chains can produce a multiplier effect, benefiting not only individual firms but also promoting economic stability and growth across multiple countries.
... It is widely recognised as a skill that allows for pinpointing underlying reasons for supply chain problems (Brandon-Jones et al., 2014). It's the degree to which supply chain participants have access to or promptly exchange information regarding supply chain activities, other participants, and management that they view as crucial or beneficial to their operations (Juttner and Maklan, 2011). Visibility is the ability to see through the entire supply chain and its status, which allows for better detection of incoming disruptions and vulnerabilities (Tukamuhabwa et al., 2015). ...
Article
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To secure a competitive advantage, modern supply chains need to swiftly, adeptly, and effectively fulfil client demands. This study investigates the effect of supply chain resilience strategy on the competitive advantage of medium- and large-scale bottled water manufacturing companies in Ethiopia. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were used. Data were collected from 347 employees using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analysed mainly using structural equation modeling (SEM). The SEM path analysis results indicate that supply chain flexibility, supply chain visibility, and supply chain efficiency exerted a positive and significant effect on competitive advantage with β = 0.513, 0.614, and 0.614, respectively. This further suggests that the competitive advantage of the companies will get a better position as they invest in resilience measures such as flexibility, visibility, and efficiency.
... The research on supply chain resilience has been spurred by the development of major crises. For example, the contribution of Jüttner and Maklan (2011) highlights through empirical research the impact of the global financial crisis of 2008-2012. Furthermore, the study of Purvis et al. (2016) suggests possible ways to develop a supply chain resilience strategy in unpredictable environments. ...
Article
Purpose-This study aims to investigate the efficacy of the supply network approach in bolstering supply chain resilience amidst escalating global uncertainty. With enterprises worldwide facing increasing threats that disrupt supply chains, this research explores how firms enhance supply network resilience during crises. Design/methodology/approach-Using a multi-case study design, this research thoroughly examines interactions within firms' supply networks to uncover new insights on supply network approach and how firms enhance supply network resilience against global uncertainty. The selection of cases was methodologically aligned to represent diverse industries and geographical locations to ensure a comprehensive analysis. Findings-This study's findings reveal how firms develop supply network resilience during global crises. The supply network perspective provides a deeper understanding of how firms manage supply chain interactions, interdependencies and strategic positions to survive and thrive during crises. The conceptual framework developed here provides insights that can foster improved coordination and facilitate effective temporary organising. The framework highlights the need for firms to proactively seize opportunities and mitigate risks within their global supply chains during crises to boost overall resilience. Originality/value-Offering novel insights into the domain of supply chain networks, this study underscores novel perspectives of the supply network approach when firms develop supply chain resilience during global crises. Highlighting the adaptive responses of firms that integrate these approaches enriches the understanding of strategic manoeuvres firms can use to navigate global uncertainty and secure supply chain continuity.
... According to research, a company must create logistical procedures and skills to enhance SCRES (Fiksel et al., 2015), and through the integration of SC capabilities, a SC develops resilience (Tang & Tomlin, 2008). Terms like SC capabilities (Blackhurst et al., 2011), resilience capabilities (Jüttner & Maklan, 2011), resilience strategies, logistics capabilities (Ponomarov & Holcomb, 2009), capability factors, SC characteristics are used interchangeably (Kochan & Nowicki, 2018), therefore, in this study, the term SC capability has been used. ...
Article
Healthcare supply chains are the foundation of modern healthcare systems, assuring the timely availability of vital drugs, equipment, and resources required for patient treatment. The efficiency and robustness of these supply chains, which are driven by the underlying risk culture, have a direct impact on patient outcomes, operational efficiency, and overall healthcare quality. This study investigates the significance of supply chain risk culture in order to identify its impact on supply chain capabilities and performance. This includes the attitudes, beliefs, and practices that determine a company's risk management strategy inside its supply chain, as well as how it perceives and responds to uncertainty. The research study gathered 294 samples from hospital employees in selected hospitals to evaluate the qualities that impact Supply Chain performance, with a focus on agility, collaboration, and adaptability. In the healthcare industry, supply chain capabilities have been shown to have a significant influence on hospital performance. Risk culture also had a substantial negative moderating effect on the connection between SC capability and SC performance. A severe aversion to risk, to put it simply. The relationship between supply chain capabilities and SC performance is weakened by risk culture when it takes a high value, and vice versa.
... Extant research has focused on discovering how supply chains (SC) prepare, respond and recover from the disruptions that shape their external environment (Pettit et al., 2010;Ponomarov and Holcomb, 2009;Christopher and Peck, 2004;Jüttner and Maklan, 2011;Sheffi, 2005). However, particularly after the COVID-19 pandemic, scholarly attention turned towards understanding how SCs should continuously transform to become more resilient in a multi-layered, dynamic environment (Wieland, 2021;Sarkis et al., 2020a;Sodhi and Tang, 2021;El Baz and Ruel, 2021). ...
Article
Purpose Drawing on panarchy theory and adaptive cycles, this study aims to investigate the role of reorganisation capabilities on firms’ supply chain resilience. The conceptual model underpinned by panarchy theory is tested in the agrifood supply chains disrupted by a geopolitical crisis and faced with material shortage. The study considers circularity as a core reorganisational capability and measures its interplay with two other capabilities: new product development and resource reconfiguration capabilities to achieve supply chain resilience. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research design is followed to test the relationships between circularity capabilities, resource reconfiguration capabilities, new product development capabilities and supply chain resilience. A cross-sectional survey is applied to a sample drawn from food manufacturers who are dependent on wheat and sunflower oil as raw material and who are faced with material shortages in the aftermath of a geopolitical crisis. Measurement models and hypotheses are tested with the partial least squared structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) based on 324 responses. Findings The results show that new product development and resource reconfiguration capabilities fully mediate the relationship between circularity capabilities and supply chain resilience. In other words, the food producers achieved supply chain resilience in response to agrifood supply chain disruption when they mobilised circularity capabilities in combination with new product development and resource reconfiguration capabilities. Practical implications The findings suggest that producers in the agrifood industry and even those in other industries need to develop circularity capabilities in combination with new product development and resource reconfiguration capabilities to tackle supply chain disruptions. In a world that is challenged by geopolitical and climate-related crises, this means leveraging 3R practices as well as resource substitution and reconfiguration in new product development processes. Originality/value The study explores the release and reorganisation phases of adaptive cycles in a panarchy by analysing the interplay between different capabilities for building supply chain resilience in response to disruptions challenging supply chains from higher levels of the panarchy. The results extend the theoretical debate between circularity and supply chain resilience to an empirical setting and suggest the introduction of new variables to this relationship.
... Planning for potential disruptions is part of risk management. As the complexity and frequency of disruptions grows, firms are increasingly focused on developing resilience to mitigate disruption impacts (Ambulkar et al., 2015;Jüttner & Maklan, 2011). Rice and Caniato (2003) introduced the concept of resilience in supply chains. ...
Article
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Supply-chain disruptions have numerous causes, including criminal actions, as well as natural disasters and human errors. The complexity of modern supply chains makes it challenging to detect, mitigate, or resolve disruptions. This paper presents an integrated framework for modeling pharmaceutical supply chains (PSCs), incorporating disruptions and mitigations. Based on extensive discussions with supply chain SMEs (subject matter experts) and federal government security officials, this framework unfolds in two steps: (1) a mapping process constructs a supply chain map from a focal firm’s perspective, and (2) the supply chain map is overlaid with various types of disruptions that can occur at supply chain locations. To this end, the paper systematically classifies PSC disruptions based on historical data and expert opinion. The paper discusses various pre-disruption and post-disruption mitigations and reports gleaned insights into their efficacy. Finally, the paper discusses the generalizability of this integrated framework to other supply chains, such as medical devices and satellite solar panels.
... Companies with resilient supply chains can adapt quickly, resume operations faster, and mitigate financial and reputational losses. For instance, during the pandemic, businesses that had diversified their manufacturing bases were better positioned to manage regional lockdowns (10). This proactive strategy translated into better customer service and enhanced long-term sustainability. ...
... Companies with resilient supply chains can adapt quickly, resume operations faster, and mitigate financial and reputational losses. For instance, during the pandemic, businesses that had diversified their manufacturing bases were better positioned to manage regional lockdowns (10). This proactive strategy translated into better customer service and enhanced long-term sustainability. ...
Article
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In an increasingly complex global landscape, supply chain resilience has become a critical focus for organizations aiming to maintain seamless operations. Enhancing project management through predictive modeling and root cause analysis provides a comprehensive framework for anticipating and addressing potential disruptions in supply chains. Predictive modeling leverages data analytics to forecast risks, identify patterns, and predict potential supply chain bottlenecks. This proactive approach enables project managers to develop strategic plans and allocate resources efficiently, thereby minimizing the impact of unforeseen challenges. On the other hand, root cause analysis serves as a robust tool for examining underlying issues that contribute to supply chain disruptions. By systematically identifying the fundamental causes of problems, project managers can implement targeted, long-term interventions that not only address immediate concerns but also prevent future occurrences. The integration of predictive modelling and root cause analysis empowers organizations to create more resilient supply chains by combining forward-thinking predictions with deep, solution-focused insights. This synergy supports the development of adaptive strategies that enhance project management effectiveness, leading to improved risk mitigation and operational stability. The study delves into practical applications of these methodologies, highlighting their benefits in terms of maintaining continuity, optimizing performance, and reinforcing the supply chain's ability to respond to both anticipated and unexpected disruptions. The article will feature real-world case studies and examples that showcase how leading companies utilize these tools to sustain supply chain resilience, outlining best practices for successful implementation and long-term benefits.
... The concept of adaptability has been discussed by several authors who note that there must exist conditions favoring the change or reinvention of business models (Hamel and Valikangas 2003;Sutcliffe and Vogus 2003). The high interdependence of supply networks requires applying design principles promoting resilience, flexibility, or agility, and the redundancy provided by the diversification of suppliers or multiple modes of transport or production (Ivanov and Dolgui 2021;Jüttner and Maklan 2011;Klibi, Martel, and Guitouni 2010). ...
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... Resilience in increasingly dynamic and uncertain environments is another important factor that influences the choice of global versus local sourcing, a logic that applies to both commercial and humanitarian sectors. In the commercial sector, improved responsiveness to disruptions is considered an advantage of local sourcing, while global sourcing adds complexity and puts the supply chains at higher risk of disruptions (Gunasekaran et al., 2015;Jüttner & Maklan, 2011). In an already complex environment, wherever possible, HOs use a strategy of combining global sourcing with more regional prepositioning to provide aid in regions affected by major disruptions. ...
... The strategy for improving supply chain resilience emphasizes capacity building in three aspects, incorporating the capacity of the supply chain to be ready to handle any unforeseen threats, the rapid response ability when the chain is interrupted, and the recovery and reconstruction ability (Ponomarov and Holcomb, 2009). Previous literature has paid particular attention to the study of preparation to deal with risks, such as suitable supplier selection, supplier diversity, supply chain flexibility, etc. (Futtner and Maklan, 2011)). However, the current study on "resilience" focuses on the perspective of management and lacks the perspective of economics. ...
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Based on the annual reports and input–output table data of Chinese listed companies from 2008 to 2020, this paper measures the level of digital transformation of enterprises by using the keyword word frequency index in the annual reports of listed companies and reveals the impact and mechanism of digital transformation of enterprises on industry chain elasticity by using a panel data model. Additionally, it provides a theoretical explanation of how the digital revolution of businesses affects industrial chain resilience. The outcome shows that improving industrial chain resilience can be facilitated by businesses undergoing a digital transition. Moreover, factor mismatch can be reduced by corporate digital transformation, which enhances industrial chain resilience. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of the digital revolution on industrial chain resilience will be enhanced by politically linked businesses. The main conclusions contribute to our understanding of the relationship between industrial chain resilience and enterprises’ digital transformation. It also offers crucial policy recommendations and guidance that the government can use to create sensible digital economy policies and successfully direct businesses’ digital transformations in order to strengthen the industrial chain resilience.
... Visibility entails the real-time monitoring of supply chain activities, allowing for the early detection of potential issues and swift corrective actions [6]. Collaboration emphasizes the importance of strong partnerships and communication among supply chain stakeholders to coordinate responses and share resources effectively [7]. Adaptability is the capability to learn from previous disruptions and continuously improve the processes and strategies to enhance resilience [8]. ...
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Background: Amid growing global uncertainty and increasingly complex disruptions, the ability of supply chains to rapidly adapt and recover is critical. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into supply chain management represents a transformative strategy for enhancing resilience. By harnessing advanced AI technologies, such as machine learning, predictive analyt-ics, and real-time data processing, organizations can more effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from disruptions.AI improves demand forecasting accuracy, optimizes inventory management , and increases real-time visibility across the supply chain, reducing the risks of stockouts and surplus inventory. Furthermore, I-driven automation and robotics enhance operational efficiency by minimizing human error and streamlining processes. Methodology/Approach: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for strengthening supply chain resilience through AI integration. The framework leverages AI technologies to improve key aspects of supply chain resilience, including risk management, operational efficiency, and real-time visibility. Result/Conclusion: Additionally, it underscores the importance of collaborative relationships with supply chain partners, enabled by AI-powered data-sharing and communication tools that foster trust and coordination within the network. Originality/Value: This comprehensive framework offers a strategic approach to integrating AI into supply chain management, highlighting its potential to significantly enhance resilience, operational efficiency, and sustainability, thereby empowering organizations to navigate the complexities of modern supply chains more effectively.
... 'IT bubble burst' was managed in global level taking interest rates down to lower levels, and keeping them there for some years. However, this did not solve global economical problems for longer period of time as in 2009 GFC took its major effects on global trade and supply chains (e.g., Blome & Schoenherr, 2011;Jüttner & Maklan, 2011), that consequently affected Swedish trade. In 2009, Swedish trade declined by 16.8%. ...
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International trade has experienced since Global Financial Crisis (GFC) numerous uncertainties and risks. There are some countries that have successfully navigated in this challenging environment, like Sweden. In this research, we analyze the changes in trade between 2010–2023. For imports, the role of Russia, United Kingdom (UK) and Denmark has declined, while the importance of the Netherlands, Norway, and Poland show increase. For exports, a diminishing role of UK and Russia could be detected, while the role of the USA, Poland, Germany and China has increased. Our interpretation is that these trade changes are due to global geopolitical, i.e. macro-level shifts. Both Brexit (2016 onwards) and Russian invasion of Ukraine (2014 onwards) show long-term trade effects. Prior both UK and Russia held high importance; however, in the recent years, especially exports to USA have played more important role, and it is providing growth and surplus. Despite the export growth to Poland, Germany, and China, the trade to these countries remains to show trade deficit. We also analyze the impact of trade changes on maritime trade. Although, the overall handling at sea ports has declined, but container based trade demonstrates clear growth. Direct container connections to UK and Russia have declined substantially in the observation period as Chinese show significant increase.
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The stability of an enterprise's supply chains serves as a vital cornerstone in the progression of modern economic system development. New infrastructure, epitomized by network and information infrastructure construction, has emerged as a pivotal global strategy to stimulate economic growth. Its impact on the supply chain risk (SCR) of enterprises deserves in‐depth exploration. Employing the staggered difference‐in‐difference (DID) approach, this study investigates the influence and mechanisms of new infrastructure construction (NIC) on the SCR of enterprises from a perspective of supply–demand balance, leveraging the ‘Broadband China’ strategy as a quasi‐natural experiment. The results indicate that NIC can mitigate the SCR of enterprises, a conclusion that remains robust after rigorous endogeneity and robustness testing. Mechanism analysis suggests that the enhancement of the level of enterprises' intelligent manufacturing and the reduction of the concentration of upstream and downstream serve as two effective channels through which NIC reduces the SCR of enterprises. Heterogeneity analysis shows that NIC more effectively reduces SCR for large‐scale and high‐tech enterprises at the enterprise level. At the industry level, NIC is particularly effective in reducing SCR within highly competitive and technology‐intensive sectors. Additionally, at the regional level, NIC significantly inhibits SCR for enterprises in areas prone to high natural disaster risk. This study validates the fortifying effect of NIC on the supply chain security of enterprises, providing theoretical references and empirical evidence for enhancing the resilience of global micro supply chains.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of generative artificial intelligence (gen-AI) models on the operational resilience of third-party logistics (3PL) companies. The research explores how gen-AI supports 3PL companies in adapting to changing market conditions, managing supply chain disruptions, and building resilience across various operational dimensions. Design/methodology/approach: This study adopts the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology, integrating expert feedback to prioritize the influence of gen-AI models on four key resilience criteria: flexibility, velocity, collaboration and integration, and agility. Experts assessed the role of six gen-AI model types in enhancing these criteria. Findings: The study found that agility (0.322) and velocity (0.309) were the most significant criteria for enhancing 3PL resilience, underscoring the importance of rapid adaptation and operational flexibility in logistics. Among the six evaluated gen-AI models, Model 5, which generates sounds (such as speech or music) from text, consistently ranked highest across all criteria, particularly for flexibility and velocity. This suggests that sound-based AI technologies can play a crucial role in automating dynamic processes and real-time communications in 3PL operations. Research limitations/implications: The study was limited by a relatively small sample size and focused on four key criteria, which may have impacted the comprehensiveness of the findings. Future research could expand the analysis by incorporating additional criteria and increasing the respondent pool to minimize biases. Investigating the reasons for Model 5’s dominance and exploring why Model 6 (code and algorithm generation) scored lowest could offer deeper insights into the evolving role of AI in logistics. Originality/value: This study provides novel insights into the application of gen-AI in enhancing the resilience of 3PL companies. It highlights the strategic importance of AI-driven sound generation in logistics operations and offers a structured framework for prioritizing AI model investments. The findings are valuable for logistics companies, supply chain managers, and decision-makers aiming to optimize their operations and enhance resilience through AI technology.
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Supply chain disruptions regularly interrupt the normal operations of organizations, impairing their financial, operational, and service performance. Therefore, organizations must develop capabilities to enhance their resilience–their ability to anticipate, overcome, and transform after disruptions. The literature proposes that agility, adaptability, and alignment (AAA capabilities) enhance long‐term organizational success but does not explicitly link these AAA capabilities to resilience. Motivated by conversations with senior supply chain leaders, our research explores how organizations utilize practices, behaviors, and structures to build AAA capabilities in their pursuit of resilience over different phases of disruption. We use a grounded theory approach, conducting in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with supply chain executives. Our findings contribute to the supply chain resilience literature by (a) highlighting how distinct practices, behaviors, and structures support the development of distinct AAA capabilities, (b) demonstrating which AAA capabilities are most influential in enhancing resilience during specific phases of a disruption, and (c) illustrating how the AAA capabilities operate in a feedback loop to synergistically improve resilience over the lifecycle of a disruption.
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Purpose This study aims to develop an integrative framework for strategic intelligence (SI) tailored to guide companies navigating systemic disruptions within global supply chains, identifying key determinants for its effective deployment. Current literature on management systems addresses SI components individually, hindering a precise definition and implementation strategy. This systematic review aims to fill these gaps by establishing a conceptual model of SI capability, emphasizing the interdependence of its dimensions. Design/methodology/approach Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) mixed-method analysis approach and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, this systematic review synthesizes empirical studies, conceptual papers, mathematical models and literature reviews on SI capability dimensions. It adopts a flexible approach to explore SI within supply chain resilience during systemic crises. Findings The study enhances and broadens the field of dynamic capabilities (DCs) by advancing knowledge on SI as a dynamic capability inducing resilience within supply chains facing systemic risks. Additionally, it synthesizes and offers perspective on a rapidly expanding body of literature from the past three years, identifying emerging trends and gaps. Research limitations/implications This research focused on three capacities: Supply Chain Visibility (SCV), Environmental Dynamism (ED) and Timely Seizing and Detection-Making (TSDM). While other dynamic capabilities may enhance SC resilience (SCR), this study emphasized the analytical and decision-making dimensions critical for improving SCR. Originality/value This systematic literature review introduces a novel conceptual framework, providing a foundation for empirical investigations. By offering an integrated theoretical perspective, the study proposes actionable research propositions and insights into SI’s strategic role in crisis management within supply chains.
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Purpose This paper investigates whether resilience capabilities influence manufacturing performance dimensions. Specifically, it empirically analyses how supply chain agility, alertness, adaptability and preparedness affect manufacturing firms’ operational and sustainable (economic, social and environmental) performance aspects. Design/methodology/approach The paper employed a deductive approach and an explanatory design. It gathered survey data from 285 managers in 5,329 Ghanaian manufacturing firms and analysed it using structural equation modelling. Findings The study found resilience capabilities comprising agility, alertness and adaptability to significantly and positively predict changes in manufacturing firms’ sustainable (environmental, economic and social) and operational performance. However, the preparedness capability positively impacts the firms’ operational and environmental performance, not economic and social. Research limitations/implications This paper is restricted to Ghana’s manufacturing industry. Underpinned by the dynamic capabilities theory and extensive empirical reviews, the model was developed with four resilient capabilities and four manufacturing performance dimensions. Practical implications The study highlights the relevance of resilience in today’s highly disruptive manufacturing environment for achieving sustainable and operational performance. It encourages manufacturing firms to prioritise heavy investments in alertness, adaptability and agile capabilities to overcome supply chain disruptions and enhance sustainable and operational excellence. It also offers significant insights for policymakers, managers and industry players to advance resilience capabilities and swiftly detect and recover from emerging disturbances in manufacturing supply chains, leading to higher performance. Social implications The study contributes to resource conservation and a more sustainable future by projecting resilient capabilities in today’s disruptive environments. The shift towards SCR can influence public attitudes and opinions toward manufacturing and contribute to firms’ sustainability goals. Originality/value This study is the first to investigate the linkages between resilient capabilities and performance aspects simultaneously in less developed economies like Ghana. In these economies, manufacturing supply chains often face varying risks that continue to disrupt their operations and sustainability goals.
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COVID-19 has been defined globally as a pandemic that has affected every country and every sector positively or negatively. Supply chains in the global competitive environment have been subjected to sharp limitations and restrictions as they try to maintain their current existence with all their characteristics despite the pandemic period. Due to the pandemic, technological change and digital transformation mechanisms have completely changed the structure of the supply chain ecosystem. Businesses that could not keep up with this change have been observed to exhibit a weak, fragile, and inflexible attitude against adverse market conditions. It has been emphasized that the food and agriculture sector, in particular, should pay more attention to sustainability in the supply chain than ever before in a global pandemic environment where interruptions and disruptions are intense. Therefore, the content of this chapter consists of an assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on existing supply chain and policy recommendations determined in line with the measures that the food and agriculture sector should take to express the importance of the issue.
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The purpose of this article is to present a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications on knowledge management (KM) and supply chain (SC), provide an overview of research activities in this field and recognise its most substantial and fundamental aspects. In addition, this study aims to quantitatively analyse KM in SC in other words supply chain knowledge management (SCKM) research trends, forecasts and citations from 1999 to 2021 in Web of Science (WOS). A total of 499 documents related to SCKM research were collected from the following databases: SCI-EXPAND, SSCI, AHCI and ESCI. These documents were carefully reviewed and subjected to bibliometric data analysis techniques. We map the time trend, disciplinary distribution, high-frequency keywords and topics, major authors and influential publications to show emerging topics. Based on the findings of other researchers, many implications emerged that improve one’s understanding of the identity of SCKM as a distinct multi-discipline scientific field, and its publication has grown significantly since 2018. SC papers were published in engineering and Operations Research and Management Science journals, while the coverage of research topics related to KM and SCKM is broader and more interdisciplinary than those of SC papers. High-frequency keywords associated with SCKM research are listed. From the citation of 499 papers with both KM and SC as keywords, we find the most popular one.
Article
Purpose Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies are pivotal in enhancing supply chain resilience (SCRES). The extant literature identifies multiple antecedents of SCRES. However, the holistic impact of I4.0 technologies on all the antecedents of SCRES has not been rigorously studied. Practising managers have a limited understanding of the interrelationship of these technologies and their impact on each SCRES antecedent and its subfactors. This highlights the need for a comprehensive technology roadmap that integrates I4.0 technologies with SCRES antecedents and subfactors, benefiting both the pre- and post-disruption phases. Design/methodology/approach Interpretive structural modelling is used to develop the hierarchical structure of technologies based on their interrelationship. ANP-SVNTOPSIS (Analytic Network Process – Single Valued Neutrosophic Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach to quantify technology impact factors (TIFs) value of each technology corresponding to each antecedent of SCRES is applied. Findings The result reveals that data-driven technologies and additive manufacturing have the highest impact on SCRES. The detailed analysis of the TIF values identifies high-impacting technologies for each SCRES antecedent and subfactor. The results are used to propose a technology roadmap integrating I4.0 technologies with SCRES antecedents for pre- and post-disruption phases. Originality/value The positive impact of I4.0 technologies on SCRES is well established. However, many companies face challenges in their I4.0 implementation projects despite the manifold advantages. To the best of our knowledge, no previous research has conducted such a rigorous analysis at the individual technology level and SCRES antecedents to quantify the multifaceted dimensions of SCRES. The present study addresses this gap. Furthermore, it proposes a technology roadmap which incorporates pre- and post-disruption phases, which is its uniqueness.
Article
Purpose In a volatile and highly dynamic business environment, supply chain operations face various challenges. This study, grounded in dynamic capability theory (DCT), investigates how supply chain collaboration (SCC) and supply chain transparency (SCT) influence the relationship between supply chain finance (SCF) and supply chain resilience (SCR) in manufacturing firms. This demonstrates the intrinsic mechanism between SCF and SCR, which provides insights for relative research. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative research approach was utilized. Employing data collected from 289 Chinese manufacturing firms, structural equation modeling is conducted to test the theoretical hypotheses. Findings The research findings have revealed that SCF has a positive impact on SCC and SCT and SCC has a positive impact on SCT. Moreover, both SCC and SCT can improve SCR, and SCT plays a positive mediating role between SCC and SCR. Practical implications This study provides insightful ideas for managers in enhancing SCR by considering SCF. Moreover, this study highlights the concrete responses firms should do to improve SCC and SCT, thus managers can develop more effective strategies to optimize SCR. Originality/value This study contributes to the extant literature on improving SCR through SCF, considering the two dimensions of dynamic capability (i.e. SCC and SCT), which explains the intrinsic mechanisms by which SCF affects SCR. This study also broadens the scope of application of DCT.
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This chapter assesses the use of machine learning (ML) to estimate service process performance and outlines questions concerning the modeling process. In particular, this study focuses on experimentation with service networks using trained artificial neural networks (ANNs). The theory is based on proactive supply chain risk management studies, the core of which is the utilization of big data, ML, and predictive analytics concerning supply networks. This article presents the case of a rescue service assessment in residential areas, where societal changes and healthcare reforms drive the fire station network. Here, the managerial discussion connects to healthcare politics and safety risk management considering challenges emerging from decentralized home care plans. The empirical study contains a description of the datasets and process for ANN-based modeling and presents the empirical results. The data include emergency register data that are enriched with geospatial variables and are utilized to train the ANN. The trained model is then exploited in a scenario experiment process for response time estimates of rescue services in a specific region. The analysis revealed statistically significant differences between the scenarios at both the general level and the local means of response times. In conclusion, the applied analysis protocol has the potential to be expanded for use as an assessment tool to test the supply networks of other time-critical services.
Article
In a world increasingly shaped by global disruptions—ranging from pandemics and natural disasters to geopolitical tensions—the integration of sustainable logistics practices and supply chain resilience has become a cornerstone of modern supply chain strategies. This study undertakes a bibliometric analysis of 445 Scopus-indexed documents (2002–2024) using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny, offering a systematic exploration of critical research trends, thematic clusters, and knowledge gaps within this intersection. The analysis identifies several dominant themes, including green logistics, circular economy principles, digital transformation technologies, and adaptive risk management. Findings highlight the transformative role of digital tools—such as blockchain, IoT, and AI—in enhancing supply chain transparency, predictive analytics, and operational agility. The automotive sector emerges as a focal industry, facing unique challenges of resource dependency, regulatory compliance, and the need to align sustainability with resilience frameworks. Additionally, the study underscores the growing prominence of circular economy practices, such as reverse logistics and closed-loop supply chains, in addressing environmental goals while bolstering supply chain adaptability. However, significant gaps persist, particularly in the empirical validation of sustainable logistics practices and their measurable impact on resilience outcomes across diverse regions and sectors. The study calls for the development of integrated frameworks that align environmental sustainability with technological innovation and operational efficiency, supported by longitudinal studies and cross-industry comparisons. This research contributes to academic discourse by offering actionable insights for scholars and practitioners. It establishes a foundational roadmap for integrating sustainability and resilience, emphasizing the pivotal role of digitalization and circular economy principles in shaping robust, adaptable supply chains capable of withstanding the complexities of an increasingly volatile global environment.
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Purpose Given the sudden disruption caused by COVID-19, knowledge sharing between organizations has become a meaningful way to improve supply chain resilience. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research on how to reduce the threat to knowledge sharing caused by increased levels of relational risk. With the emergence of new digital technologies, whether blockchain governance can control relational risk and replace traditional relational governance remains to be demonstrated. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a cross-sectional survey approach in which quantitative data are collected from 300 participants from Chinese manufacturing enterprises to test the hypotheses. Findings The results show that relational and blockchain governance can significantly and complementarily reduce the level of relational risk in knowledge sharing. When the relational risk is at a low, medium or high level, the best matches of relational and blockchain governance are low-level relational governance–low-level blockchain governance, high-level relational governance–low-level blockchain governance and high-level relational governance–high-level blockchain governance, respectively. Practical implications The findings of this study have important practical implications for manufacturing enterprises in terms of how to choose reasonable governance modes to manage relational risk behaviour according to different relational risk levels to better understand the positive role of knowledge sharing in supply chain resilience. Originality/value The antecedent variables of knowledge sharing in previous studies are based on transaction cost theory or relational theory and have not moved beyond the original theoretical framework. This paper addresses this limitation, puts knowledge sharing in the academic context of digital technology, considers blockchain governance into the process of relational risk-knowledge sharing and defines blockchain governance, which is a novel approach in the supply chain resilience management literature.
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Changes in the environment and the speed with which many companies adapt to them lead to exploring the adaptation process. In other words, the authors question the development of dynamic capabilities and how it is linked to resilience and organizational ambidexterity. Companies that effectively address these challenges will be better positioned to thrive in the environment. This chapter attempts a detailed analysis of the interactions between dynamic capabilities, resilience, and ambidexterity.
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Cities worldwide are not immune from a vast array of threats from natural hazards to man-made and health-related disasters. Smart cities have become more vulnerable to new forms of risks due to digital vulnerabilities. In order to make smart cities more secure, smart cities need to embed digital resilience as one of the cornerstones of overall urban resilience. This chapter will explore concepts such as resilience, smart cities’ architecture, and threats facing smart cities. Using the dynamic capabilities approach, this chapter will explore how smart cities can be more digitally resilient by building specific dynamic capabilities. Three dynamic capabilities were found to make cities digitally resilient, namely, anticipating, withstanding, and adjusting. Strategies to help smart cities build these dynamic capabilities will be explored with relevant actions to be undertaken.
Article
Purpose This study explores how establishing an agile supply chain ecosystem (ASCE) during the COVID-19 pandemic impacts three listed auto firms’ financial and customer performance in China. Drawing on the theory of supply chain resilience, responsiveness and restoration (3R capabilities), we collect, mine and analyze unstructured social media data from Dongfeng Motor Corporation (DFM), BYD Company Limited (BYD) and SAIC Motor Corporation Limited (SAIC), all of which have production plants in Wuhan. Design/methodology/approach Data mining was conducted on 3,528 comments involving DFM, BYD and SAIC from 190 uploaders in the stages of “Early COVID-19 Period (January 23-May 31, 2020)” and “Enhanced Preparedness and Vaccine Launch Period (September 8, 2020–January 15, 2021)”. Our conceptual model of an ASCE was tested by adopting structural equation modelling and verified by the DFM case study. Findings The study finds that the 3R capabilities of the supply chain have a positive effect on establishing an automotive agile supply chain ecosystem. Establishing the automotive agile supply chain ecosystem has promoted corporate financial performance and customer performance, but the mechanism of action presents a delayed feature. Originality/value This study refines the definitions and application of the 3Rs concerning an ASCE in the automotive industry. Through text mining technology and statistical analysis methods, we uncover and discuss the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of three auto companies in China and examine how ASCE establishment plays a role. Constructing an ASCE provides a theoretical basis and realistic approach for the long-term and healthy development of the automotive supply chain.
Article
Purpose In an era where global supply chains are increasingly susceptible to disruptions, this study aims to unlock the potential of IT integration within the supply chain in enhancing supply chain resilience. It investigates how this integration, combined with IT-driven capabilities, acts as a cornerstone in strengthening supply chain resilience (SCRs). The research navigates through the intricate dynamics of supply chain management to chart a strategic pathway for managers, illuminating the investments necessary to cultivate a resilient supply chain. Design/methodology/approach Grounding their investigation within the theoretical lens of dynamic resource-based theory, the authors designed a conceptual model to investigate the relationship between IT integration and SCR. Through the survey responses from supply chain professionals, the authors applied partial least squares-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to unravel the complexities of building a resilient supply chain. Findings Their investigation reveals that IT-driven supply chain capabilities (SCCs) are not just beneficial but essential in bridging IT integration with SCR. These capabilities emerge as vital, fully mediating the relationship between IT integration and SCR. Moreover, the significance of robust supply chain risk management (SCRM) in harnessing these IT-driven capabilities to bolster resilience is undeniable, offering organisations a sustainable advantage during times of turbulence. Research limitations/implications The primary limitation of this study is that data collection occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the results may not be representative of different circumstances or periods. This study uncovered several noteworthy findings. The authors found that SCCs fully mediate the relationship between Supply Chain Management IT Integration (SCMITI) and SCR. In addition, the authors found that SCRM positively moderates the relationship between SCMITI and SCCs. The authors observed that Supply Chain Structural Complexity (SCSC) has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between IT-driven SCCs and SCR. Practical implications The results of this study offer managers a clear path forward for investing in SCR. Businesses must invest in SCMITI and SCRM to boost their SCR through developing IT-driven SCCs to ensure consistent business continuity. SCMITI does not necessarily increase SCR resilience when it is done poorly and does not lead to SCCs effectively. In this regard, managers must rely on collective wisdom to determine which technologies and IT applications will best meet their business needs and their peers’ requirements in the supply chain. Originality/value This study sheds light on the mechanisms through which IT enhances SCR. It fills a critical knowledge gap, focusing on the synergy between IT integration, risk management and the cultivation of IT-driven capabilities to navigate supply chain disruptions.
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Key words: 1) Supply chain Management 2) Entrepreneurship 3) Logistic Capabilities 4) Resilience 5) Marketing & 6) Aquaculture Products Fishery trade has expanded considerably in recent decades, and the fisheries sector operates in an increasingly globalised environment. The way fishery products are produced, marketed, and delivered to consumers has changed significantly, and commodities may cross national boundaries several times before final consumption. Demand for Indian fish products in the international market has led to an increase in seafood export which may provide great opportunities to the people of Kerala. The trend of aquaculture practices in Kerala retarded, contrary to that in India. Even after encompassing complementary settings in climatic, environmental, and technological segments, the State's aquaculture is declining. The literature review demanded further studies to achieve sustainability, but research on aquaculture products' supply chains was barely found. Empirical studies in intra-firm and intra-functional relationships to acquire proactive capabilities recommend further research. The constant rise in the demand for fish and fish products does not tend to avail profits to aquaculture farmers; it became essential to conduct a study about the supply of fish products across the State. A study on the supply chain of aquaculture products may reveal the scope of value addition to increase the market value of aquaculture products from the State. The present study is to gain knowledge about the supply chain of aquaculture products from Kerala. It also aims to recognise the potential for entrepreneurship development across supply chain operations of aquaculture products from Kerala. The specific questions to address are: (i) Are the existing supply chains vulnerable to changes? And (ii) Can entrepreneurship development improve supply chain resilience in the sector? The study framed four objectives to carry out this research, viz. (i)To understand the supply chain linkages in the selected aquaculture sector of Kerala. (ii)To assess the entrepreneurial orientation and risk management orientation of the aquaculture supply chains in Kerala. (iii)To comprehend the resilience and vulnerability status of aquaculture supply chains and (iv)To understand the extent of entrepreneurial orientation in achieving supply chain resilience in the aquaculture supply chain. The study proposes fifteen hypotheses to attain the following objectives. H1-Essential aquaculture inputs are catered by other states. H2-The profitability of the supply chain is associated with the species cultured. H3-Kerala's supply chain for aquaculture products still has untapped potential for entrepreneurship. H4-In an entrepreneurial supply chain, farmers tend to substitute the role of other agents. H5-Supply chains that effectively manage their risks are profitable to their supply chain partners. H6-An entrepreneurial supply chain manages its risks pretty well. H7-Resilient supply chains are less vulnerable. H8-Resilient supply chains are profitable to the supply chain partners. H9-Improving Integrated logistics capabilities reduces the vulnerability of the supply chain. H10-Entrepreneurial orientation is composed of proactiveness, innovation and risk-taking tendency. H11-Integrated logistics capabilities is composed of supply management capabilities and information management capabilities H12-Entrepreneurial orientation in the system is positively linked with the supply chain resilience capabilities of aquaculture supply chains in the State. H13-Entrepreneurial orientation reasons for the development of integrated logistics capabilities in the supply chain system. H14-Integrated logistics capabilities of the aquaculture supply chain augment supply chain resilience in the system. H15-Integrated logistics capabilities mediate the influence of entrepreneurial orientation over supply chain resilience in Kerala's aquaculture supply chain. The focus was exclusively on the characteristics of the aquaculture supply chain from the producers' viewpoint. Aquaculture production and supply is a vast area, and so the supply chain from the harvest of aquaculture products to the consumer was examined. A combination of exploratory and descriptive designs was employed due to its uniqueness. In order to accomplish the objectives of the study, a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis is used. The research was conducted in a three-step sequence. The initial stage consists of observation of farms, processing centres, markets, etc., to understand the existing supply channels and operations from February 2018 to March 2019. The second stage of the research from August 2019 to November 2020 was by conducting interviews and observing detailed sessions. The third step was through conducting semi-structured Interviews (Feb. 2021 to Sep. 2021) with 105 responses. A comprehensive interview of each respondent was summarised and reported. Demographic profiles, detailed analysis of recognised supply chains, and SWOT analysis were carried out to support H3. Eight different parametric/nonparametric tests were utilised to analyse 14 hypotheses proposed in the study. Exploratory factor analysis, Confirmatory factor analysis, Independent sample t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, Structural Equation Modeling, Chi-square test for goodness for fit, Chi-square test for independence, and Friedman test were the tests used in the study. The supply chains operating in the sector were found to have a high entrepreneurial orientation and offer numerous opportunities. The study identified 12 different supply chains of aquaculture products in Kerala and many entrepreneurial opportunities, viz. fresh stalls near farms, certifying agencies, quality control stations, transportation, and storage facility, cost-effective pre-processing centres with retail outlets (with GMP certification), small-scale cost-effective processing centres, ERP systems, designers and training centres, etc. Tourism-related ventures also have good entrepreneurship potential. Seed availability for aquaculture production was denoted as an immediate problem, followed by the escalating costs of feed. A successful supply chain foresees, manages, and turns risky situations into profitable opportunities. Entrepreneurial supply chains always meet problems or inadequacies with viable solutions, thereby adding to resilience, reducing risk, and making the system more profitable. A competent supply chain focuses on being resilient. Resilient systems always are prepared to face the vulnerabilities associated with them and therefore offer profits to all segments. Resilient systems easily overcome vulnerabilities. The logistic capabilities of supply chains were found to be at a medium threshold. A supply chain system keeps improving its capability to overcome disturbances. Overall entrepreneurial success requires developing dynamic capabilities to become resilient. A supply chain that offers entrepreneurship opportunities should develop its capacity to manage its flows: information, materials, and money. The study presented a model relating entrepreneurial orientation and supply chain resilience via integrated logistics capabilities. According to the study, supply chains should focus on developing their logistic capabilities to be more resilient to maintain stability in turbulent environments.
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As the business environment is becoming increasingly volatile and uncertain, building of resilient supply chains through which SMEs can ensure continuous operations and competitiveness. This paper, therefore, is conceptualized with the main aim of knowing the degree to which entrepreneurial orientation and transformation through entrepreneurship can affect SC's resilience in SMEs. The framework documents illuminating linkages, leaning on previous literature as well as empirical evidence, so the owner-managers can be realized to be highly instrumental in championing adaptive and very resilient SCs through their entrepreneurial attributes such as proactiveness, risk-taking propensity, and innovativeness. Finally, the study emerges with information technology combined with continuous monitoring programs as another critical enabler of resilience, allowing real-time decision-making and agility when disruption occurs in supply functions. The proposed conceptual model explains the dynamic interaction effects of entrepreneurial orientation, technology adaptation, and supply chain resilience. This gives valuable insights into the knowledge that practitioners and policymakers could use to improve SM sustainability and performance. This proposed framework is therefore advanced with gas-added future research directions and practical implications for application in different industrial contexts.
Article
Purpose This empirical study investigates the direct and indirect effects on managers’ perceptions of cyber risks, the implementation of cyber resilience strategies and the perceived effectiveness of these strategies for supply chains. Cyber risks pose significant threats to organisations and supply chains. Yet they remain insufficiently addressed and managed. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were collected from a sample of Italian organisations using a survey. The structural equation modelling methodology was employed to empirically investigate cyber resilience strategies in supply chains. Findings Results indicate that effective cyber resilience is linked to awareness of the negative impacts of cyber risks, particularly supply chain disruptions. This awareness leads to the adoption of various cyber resilience strategies. According to managers' perceptions, several strategies are identified in the study as the most effective in enhancing the cyber resilience supply chains. The findings offer insights for managers regarding the relationship between cyber risk perceptions, supply chain cyber resilience strategies and their effectiveness. These relationships are studied using the theory of perceived risk and the dynamic capabilities theory. Originality/value This study advances knowledge for academics and practitioners in the fields of supply chain resilience and supply chain risk management. It contributes to the development of a risk-based thinking model in organisations and supply chains by drawing upon a dual theoretical perspective.
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Contingency where exogenous and dramatic factors (i.e. Covid) impact not only on political and social life but also on economy is changing the way business is managed. Grounded on recent works studying the relationship between digitalisation and resilience, this work aims to systematize the links between the two dimensions at Supply Chains (SC) and at ecosystem level. A conceptual framework for manufacturing companies and policy makers is proposed to cope with disruptions thanks to digital technology implementation. The work is based on the results of an explorative analysis held with the support of practitioners from the manufacturing sector, IT providers and policy makers in Italy to systematise results and to demonstrate that public–private partnership can help to face disruptions. This paper contributes to the theory of ecosystems to establish a systemic framework to go beyond the border of each SC proposing a cross-collaboration model.
Article
The importance of food processing industry in a developing country like Tanzania is vital for the nation’s economy as it impacts both individual owners of the business, consumers and the country’s GDP. Despite all this, the industry still faces demand unpredictability, undesired processing infrastructures and environment, problems of storage and costs associated with, distribution, transportation and logistical risks and challenges. To improve the industry, the analysis of the impact of supply chain risk management strategies on the performance of food processing companies was inevitable. This explanatory designed survey included all registered and licensed food processors in the country (TBS, 2022). The regression results revealed all four analyzed supply chain risk strategies have a significant impact on the performance of the processing companies. This implies that the supply chain risks should always be intact and established in line with the firm’s culture, structure, resources and working conditions to enable effective risk management processes and improve the performance of the industry in general. Key Words: Food processing, Risk Management, Performance, Risk Management Strategies
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Many companies leave risk management and business continuity to security professionals, business continuity planners or insurance professionals. However, the authors argue, building a resilient enterprise should be a strategic initiative that changes the way a company operates and increases its competitiveness. Reducing vulnerability means both reducing the likelihood of a disruption and increasing resilience. Resilience, in turn, can be achieved by either creating redundancy or increasing flexibility. Redundancy is the familiar concept of keeping some resources in reserve to be used in case of a disruption. The most common forms of redundancy are safety stock, the deliberate use of multiple suppliers even when the secondary suppliers have higher costs, and deliberately low capacity utilization rates. Although necessary to some degree, redundancy represents pure cost with no return except in the eventuality of disruption. The authors contend that significantly more leverage, not to mention operational advantages, can be achieved by making supply chains flexible. Flexibility requires building in organic capabilities that can sense threats and respond to them quickly. Drawing on ongoing research at the MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics involving detailed studies of dozens of cases of corporate disruption and response, the authors describe how resilient companies build flexibility into each of five essential supply chain elements: the supplier, conversion process, distribution channels, control systems and underlying corporate culture. Case examples of Land Rover, Aisin Seiki Co. (a supplier to Toyota), United Parcel Service, Dell, Baxter International, DHL and Nokia, among others, are offered to illustrate how building flexibility in these supply chain elements not only bolsters the resilience of an organization but also creates a competitive advantage in the marketplace.
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Purpose Although a lot of attention has been paid to demand information sharing in the recent decade, few studies look at the value of supply information sharing. The purpose of this paper is to address the importance of timely supply information sharing to the supply chain management under disruption is addressed. Design/methodology/approach By introducing a Directed Acyclic Supply Network (DASN) model and an Impact Network (INet) model, the impact of a disruption on the performance of the supply chain is quantified. A comprehensive algorithm is developed to calculate the time and cost impact of the disruption. Insights about the value of timely supply information sharing are further discussed, based on quantitative relationships of material flows. Finally, an application of the above model in a main manufacturer of China is introduced. It is then compared to its performance in the case of timely supply information sharing with cases where information is not shared or is shared late. Findings By timely sharing of supply information, firms at downstream stages can alert a disruption at an upstream stage, derive the correct early warning time, and make proper decisions to offset the impact of the disruption. Information sharing therefore enhances the agility of firms while improving the stability and performance of the whole supply chain. Research limitations/implications This paper only considers the time and cost impact from a single source of disruption. Further work may investigate other disruptions, which may arise from multiple sources. Practical implications This paper provides an effective method to quantify the impact of a disruption. The method has been successfully applied in a supply chain management information system. Originality/value This paper is among the initial studies of understanding and quantifying the value of supply information sharing. The work indicates the importance of timely supply information sharing to improve the performance of a supply chain.
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Purpose – Facing uncertain demand and supply, customers and suppliers are encouraged to make their supply chain more flexible and adaptive to the environment. The primary objective of this paper is to gain an understanding of the issues surrounding flexibility and adaptability in supply chain management from an industrial practitioner. Design/methodology/approach – A semi-structured interview and follow up interviews were conducted with a logistics manager of a renowned international company. Findings – The study supports that the aforementioned characteristics, flexibility and adaptability, are useful in practical supply chain applications. Some practical advice is also reported. Originality/value – This paper bridges the gap between academic theoretical studies and the expectations from an industrial practitioner regarding flexibility and adaptability in supply chain management. A similar study could be extended to more industrial practitioners in order to collect more useful opinions from them.
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Despite its infancy, some authors are already suggesting that the writing may be on the wall for supply chain collaboration. It has been reported that supply chain collaboration has proved difficult to implement; there has been an over-reliance on technology in trying to implement it; a failure to understand when and with whom to collaborate; and fundamentally a lack of trust between trading partners. This paper proposes that a supply chain segmentation approach, based on customer buying behaviour and service needs, is the most appropriate context for collaboration. The paper also proposes the need for a greater understanding of the elements that make up supply chain collaboration, and in particular how the relevant cultural, strategic and implementation elements inter-relate with each other.
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Dynamic demands and constraints imposed by a rapidly changing business environment make it increasingly necessary for companies in the food supply chain to cooperate with each other. The main questions individual (food) companies face are whether, why, how and with whom they should start supply chain management activities. Presents a qualitative research method for analyzing a supply chain network and for identifying effective chain redesign strategies. Presents a generic list of supply chain redesign strategies based on a multi-disciplinary literature review. Proposes that in order to identify the most effective strategies in a specific chain scenario one should focus on the identification and management of the sources of uncertainties in the supply chain’s decision-making processes. The application of the research method in three food supply chains resulted in a valuable tool that can be used in supply chain redesign projects, as it indicates potentially effective redesign strategies when a specific source of uncertainty is encountered in a supply chain.
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Natural disasters, labor disputes, terrorism and more mundane risks can seriously disrupt or delay the flow of material, information and cash through an organization's supply chain. The authors assert that how well a company fares against such threats will depend on its level of preparedness, and the type of disruption. Each supply-chain risk - to forecasts, information systems, intellectual property, procurement, inventory and capacity - has its own drivers and effective mitigation strategies. To avoid lost sales, increased costs or both, managers need to tailor proven risk-reduction strategies to their organizations. Managing supply-chain risk is difficult, however. Dell, Toyota, Motorola and other leading manufacturers excel at identifying and neutralizing supply-chain risks through a delicate balancing act: keeping inventory, capacity and related elements at appropriate levels across the entire supply chain in a rapidly changing environment. Organizations can prepare for or avoid delays by "smart sizing" their capacity and inventory. The manager serves as a kind of financial portfolio manager, seeking to achieve the highest achievable profits (reward) for varying levels of supply-chain risk. The authors recommend a powerful what if? team exercise called stress testing to identify potentially weak links in the supply chain. Armed with this shared understanding, companies can then select the best mitigation strategy: holding "reserves," pooling inventory, using redundant suppliers, balancing capacity and inventory, implementing robust backup and recovery systems, adjusting pricing and incentives, bringing or keeping production in-house, and using Continuous Replenishment Programs (CRP), Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR) and other supply-chain initiatives.
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Today's marketplace is characterised by turbulence and uncertainty. Market turbulence has tended to increase for a number of reasons. Demand in almost every industrial sector seems to be more volatile than was the case in the past. Product and technology life-cycles have shortened significantly and competitive product introductions make life-cycle demand difficult to predict. At the same time the vulnerability of supply chains to disturbance or disruption has increased. It is not only the effect of external events such as wars, strikes or terrorist attacks, but also the impact of changes in business strategy. Many companies have experienced a change in their supply chain risk profile as a result of changes in their business models, for example the adoption of “lean” practices, the move to outsourcing and a general tendency to reduce the size of the supplier base. This paper suggests that one key element in any strategy designed to mitigate supply chain risk is improved “end-to-end” visibility. It is argued that supply chain “confidence” will increase in proportion to the quality of supply chain information.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to describe the current practices and research trends in managing supply chains in crisis. This paper also provides directions for future research in supply chain crisis management. Design/methodology/approach Articles published prior to August 2008 are analyzed and classified. Findings A unique five‐dimensional framework to classify the literature is provided. The study reveals that there has been extensive research done in this area in recent years. Much of the research is focused on proactive approaches to crisis in supply chains. Management during various internal crises such as supplier bankruptcy or loss of key clients is a new, challenging area that requires further investigation. Research limitations/implications This paper does not include articles that are not peer‐reviewed. Practical implications This paper will serve as a guide to supply chain managers who would like to know how crises, disasters, and disruptions in supply chains have been handled in existing academic literature. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first literature review in the area of managing supply chains during crisis that looks at both SCM and operations research/management science journals. This paper identifies the various methods that have been used to handle crisis situations and provides a framework to classify the literature. Additionally, this paper identifies gaps in the literature that can provide ideas for future research in this area.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate a model of collaboration based on the notion of firms having strong working relationships with their suppliers and customers. Whilst issues associated with collaborative relationships between firms and their trading partners are a key theme currently being addressed in the supply chain management literature, there appears to be a lack of clear guidelines as to how such capability can be developed in a practical sense. Design/methodology/approach – Data from 418 Australian manufacturing plants are used to test the model. Two key constructs, customer relationship and supplier involvement, are developed. For predictive validity purposes, these constructs are regressed against firm performance construct. Findings – Results of structural equation modeling analysis show, inter alia, that there is some support for this collaboration model, with both collaboration‐based constructs influencing performance. Originality/value – The results provide an insight into how firms can develop a level of collaboration capability.
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On the morning of September 11th, 2001, the United States and the Western world entered into a new era - one in which large scale terrorist acts are to be expected. The impacts of the new era will challenge supply chain managers to adjust relations with suppliers and customers, contend with transportation difficulties and amend inventory management strategies. This paper looks at the twin corporate challenges of (i) preparing to deal with the aftermath of terrorist attacks and (ii) operating under heightened security. The first challenge involves setting certain operational redundancies. The second means less reliable lead times and less certain demand scenarios. In addition, the paper looks at how companies should organize to meet those challenges efficiently and suggests a new public-private partnership. While the paper is focused on the US, it has worldwide implications.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the architecture of supply chain collaboration and to propose a design for supply chain collaboration (DfC), which enables participating members to create and develop key elements of the proposed architecture. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a concept for designing the five elements of the architecture of supply chain collaboration, namely collaborative performance system, decision synchronisation, information sharing, incentive alignment, and innovative supply chain processes. A case study was carried out to illustrate the applicability of the framework. Findings DfC was confirmed using a case to evaluate a supply chain system in which the chain members concurrently designed the architecture of supply chain collaboration. The findings show that design for collaboration facilitates the chain members to have a broader view to develop and ensure an effective collaboration. Research limitations/implications Secondary data were collected to describe the collaborative practice in the company. Future research is required to elicit primary data using interview or focus group representing key players of collaboration for the purpose of model enhancement and action research. Practical implications The concept of DfC can be used by the chain members in the discussion forum to (re)design appropriate settings of the five elements of the architecture that lead to better overall performance. Originality/value Previous research has indicated the emerging school of design for collaboration. However, current researchers pay little attention to integrating and revealing the interactions of key design elements that drive the effectiveness of the chain members to realise better performance. The paper, for the first time, offers a novel framework for understanding DfC.
Article
To understand the role of supply chain visibility in creating strategic value, this study uses the dynamic capabilities view to uncover the nature of supply chain visibility. The study identifies four important constructs of supply chain visibility that are helpful in driving supply chain reconfigurability and thus improving supply chain strategic performance. They are visibility for sensing, visibility for learning, visibility for coordinating, and visibility for integrating. The results show that visibility for sensing has direct impact on supply chain strategic performance. Empirical evidence also supports that visibility for learning, visibility for coordinating, and visibility for integrating are important for enhancing supply chain reconfigurability, thus creating strategic value in supply chains. Supply chain visibility therefore enables firms to reconfigure their supply chain resources for greater competitive advantage. Implications of the results regarding the nature and the role of supply chain visibility in enhancing supply chain strategic performance are provided.
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The toy industry faces relentless change and an unpredictable buying public, which creates immense challenges in anticipating best sellers and predicting volume. Like the high-technology industry, toys also suffer from many supply chain ailments including short product life, rapid product turnover, and seasonal demand. Coupled with long supply lines and ongoing political and economic turmoil in Asia, toy makers face an unusually complex set of risks. Managers in many businesses can learn valuable lessons in managing uncertainty from toy makers. This article describes supply chain lessons focused on reducing risk by actively managing both demand and supply variability. These lessons include product variety strategies based on product extensions; rolling mix strategies; leveraged licensing agreements; coordinated outsourcing strategies; and hedging against political and currency risk by producing in many different countries.
Book
Business Research Methods contains new and revised chapters on quantitative methods and visual research, while cutting-edge material on inclusivity and bias in research, feminist perspectives, and decolonial and indigenous research is also introduced. The book is composed of four parts. The first part looks at the research process. It covers research strategies and designs, as well as ethics in business research and writing up business research. Part 2 looks at quantitative research and details the nature of quantitative research, sampling, structured interviewing, and questions. It also looks at secondary analysis and statistics. The next part is about qualitative research. This part examines ethnography, participant observation, interviewing, focus groups, language, and document data. The final part is about mixed methods of research.
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Purpose – The research on supply chains concerning disaster and crisis situations is in its infancy, but rapidly expanding on the backs of top researchers in the field. As with most young research streams there is very little theoretical grounding in extant studies. The purpose of this research is to integrate four prominent existing theoretical perspectives to provide a concise yet holistic framework for grounding future research. Design/methodology/approach – The development of the disaster recovery pyramid is completed following an extensive review of the resource, risk and crisis/disaster recovery, and preparedness literature. Additionally, literature from the resource‐based view (RBV) of the firm, communication theory, competing values theory, and relationship management theory are canvassed. Business professional and academics are also interviewed to validate the pyramid. Findings – The proposed framework is a call for future studies in the supply chain management and logistics disaster, and crisis management arena. The findings suggest that much of the work in supply chain disaster and crisis preparedness and recovery can be theoretically supported in combination of four mature theoretical perspectives: the RBV of the firm, communication theory, competing values theory, and relationship management theory. Originality/value – This is the first attempt to theoretically support the areas of supply chain disaster and crisis preparedness and recovery. The motivation of this paper is to both develop a framework and support a drive for growing multiple research streams in the area. Avenues of future research and theoretical grounding are suggested in a graphic representation.
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the constructs underpinning risk management and explores its application in the supply chain context through the development of a framework. The constructs of performance and risk are matched together to provide new perspectives for researchers and practitioners. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual and empirical work in the supply chain management field and other related fields is employed to develop a conceptual framework of supply chain risk management (SCRM). Risk in the supply chain is explored in terms of risk/performance sources, drivers, consequences and management responses, including initial approaches to categorization within these. Two empirical cases are used to illustrate the application of the framework. Findings A new framework is presented that helps to integrate the dimensions of risk and performance in supply chains and provide a categorisation of risk drivers. Research limitations/implications SCRM is at an early stage of evolution. The paper provides a clarification of the dimensions and constructs within this field together with directions for future research and development. Practical implications The focus on performance in terms of efficiency and effectiveness linked to risk drivers and risk management responses provides insights to managing and measuring risk in supply chains. Originality/value The paper consolidates the work in an emerging strand of supply chain management. Two key challenges facing the research community are addressed, the ability to prescribe strategies to address particular risk drivers and the interaction of risk management and performance.
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Due to increasing turbulence in global sales and supply markets, today's supply chains are exposed to numerous risks. Companies have discovered that a systematic management of potential incidences, e.g. supplier failures and unexpected demand changes, holds a competitive advantage. However, risk management in global supply chains is very complex. This article contributes to the existing literature by making this complexity more manageable through the introduction of a system-oriented view into supply chain risk management (SCRM). Two new, interrelated modelling approaches are proposed: a Supply Chain Risk Structure Model describes the system that determines the causes and effects of supply chain risks, i.e. the factors and their relationships. The second model, the Supply Chain Risk Dynamics Model, is used to model the possible dynamics of the risk development. This article also demonstrates how these models integrate into a SCRM process framework. A case study with three companies shows the feasibility of the approach.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an instrument to measure supply chain agility. Design/methodology/approach – The development of this supply chain agility scale utilizes an examination of supply chain agility literature, experience surveys, and expert judges. The result is a 12‐item instrument with six dimensions. Findings – The instrument has been rigorously tested and validated, which generates a high degree of confidence in the scale's validity and reliability. Originality/value – This paper fulfills an identified need for the development of an empirically validated instrument to measure supply chain agility. This reliable and validated instrument enables and facilitates future studies in the supply chain agility research stream.
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Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is of growing importance, as the vulnerability of supply chains increases. The main thrust of this article is to describe how Ericsson, after a fire at a sub-supplier, with a huge impact on Ericsson, has implemented a new organization, and new processes and tools for SCRM. The approach described tries to analyze, assess and manage risk sources along the supply chain, partly by working close with suppliers but also by placing formal requirements on them. This explorative study also indicates that insurance companies might be a driving force for improved SCRM, as they now start to understand the vulnerability of modern supply chains. The article concludes with a discussion of risk related to traditional logistics concepts (time, cost, quality, agility and leanness) by arguing that supply chain risks should also be put into the trade-off analysis when evaluating new logistics solutions – not with the purpose to minimize risks, however, but to find the efficient level of risk and prevention.
Article
The reason for this research originates from the time- and functional dependencies between firms’ activities and resources in supply chains. These dependencies cause vulnerability. The principal objective of this research is to conceptualize the construct of vulnerability in firms’ inbound and outbound logistics flows. The vulnerability construct of this research consists of two components: disturbance and the negative consequence of disturbance. This research is based upon a two-phase process utilizing sequential triangulation. It is proposed that the vulnerability in the inbound logistics flows from sub-contractors, and the vulnerability in the outbound logistics flows to customers, may be measured and evaluated by four principal dimensions, namely: service level, deviation, consequence and trend. In addition, a model of inbound and outbound vulnerability scenarios in supply chains is introduced for teaching and training purposes, as well as to position and compare the outcome of replication studies of vulnerability in firms’ inbound and outbound logistics flows.
Article
Purpose The purpose of the paper is to determine if owners of small manufacturing companies manage supply risk in similar ways and identify the practices constituting this potential joint approach. Design/methodology/approach An interpretive case based methodology was applied in this research. Interview data on the supply risk management practices of 11 SCOs (small company owners) were analysed. Findings The findings confirm that the 11 studied SCOs apply largely the same supply risk management practices, which can be characterised as defensive. The approach covers risk elimination practices such as knowledge protection and local sourcing as the major practices, combined with relational practices such as fairness, loyalty, and seeking out responsive, dependable, and like‐minded suppliers. Research limitations/implications The study focuses exclusively on small manufacturing companies. Studies of other types of companies, such as trade or hi‐tech companies might reveal other practices. Practical implications The SCO supply risk management approach is optimised to simultaneously reduce supply risks and resource and time consumption. Especially the relational practices may be feasible alternatives and valuable to supply chain managers and purchasers. Local sourcing and knowledge protection are effective practices, but tend to work at the expense of supply chain opportunities. Originality/value No studies of small company supply risk management exist in the literature, despite the increased focus on supply risk management and small company purchasing/SCM. The study addresses this gap by offering insights into small company supply risk management practices.
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a framework for the implementation of clinical governance (CG) within a mental health and addictions service at all functional levels within the system (consumer, clinician, team, service and unit level). It aims to include and enlarge on the functional subdivisions of CG (as practised in the National Health Service (NHS)) by identifying 11 component domains of interest. Design/methodology/approach The paper briefly reviews the varying interpretations of the concept of CG in the literature and associated difficulties in its implementation. Findings Several authors have pointed out the difficulties in the implementation of CG at the operational level. In particular, CG is often seen as top‐down, “managerial” in its focus rather than providing clinicians at the coal‐face with a device for quality assurance and improvement. Practical implications The framework asserts that the 11 component domains are relevant at all levels within a healthcare delivery system; in fact, conversations already occur around these domains at all levels with variable frequency, with a focus that is relevant to that level, determined by the needs at each level. Originality/value The paper describes a practical framework for implementation of CG within a mental health and addictions service that addresses some of the criticism levelled against the concept of CG in the literature. This conceptualisation provides a seamless merging of the so‐called managerial and clinical imperatives around clinical governance.
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe miscommunication about the ubiquitous term “supply chain visibility” (SCV), to propose a precise definition for it and identify its salient characteristics. Design/methodology/approach A literature search was conducted to describe the widespread use of the term SCV and the miscommunication that occurs surrounding its use. The proposed definition and the salient characteristics of SCV are original conceptual contributions. Findings The study finds that the term SCV is widely used in the supply chain management and logistics communities Many vendors, third party logistics providers, transportation and other companies profess to have or provide it, yet SCV remains one of the top issues consistently mentioned in surveys of supply chain management professionals. This occurs in part because of the confusion surrounding its meaning. Research limitations/implications Usage of the term SCV is ubiquitous and a complete review of all sources is not possible, revealing over 348,000 sources from internet and academic database searches. Only selected, key results are from these sources are reported. The proposed definition for and characterization of SCV are the author's conceptual contributions, open to discussion and debate. Practical implications A precise definition of SCV along with its important attributes helps to promote consistent understanding, interpretation and to clarify communications, especially between vendors and logistics service providers. Originality/value The proposed definition is new, as well as the discussion of its important attributes and implications.
Article
Purpose Supply chain risk management assumes importance in the wake of organizations understanding that their risk susceptibility is dependent on other constituents of their supply chain. The purpose of this paper is to present an approach to effective supply chain risk mitigation by understanding the dynamics between various enablers that help to mitigate risk in a supply chain. Design/methodology/approach Using interpretive structural modeling the research presents a hierarchy‐based model and the mutual relationships among the enablers of risk mitigation. Findings The research shows that there exists a group of enablers having a high driving power and low dependence requiring maximum attention and of strategic importance while another group consists of those variables which have high dependence and are the resultant actions. Practical implications This classification provides a useful tool to supply chain managers to differentiate between independent and dependent variables and their mutual relationships which would help them to focus on those key variables that are most important for effective risk minimization in a supply chain. Originality/value Presentation of enablers in a hierarchy and the classification into driver and dependent categories is unique effort in the area of supply chain risk management.
Article
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the increasingly important issue of the impact of product design on supply chain risk management in an era of global supply arrangements. The need to include product design considerations in the development of global supply chain strategies is highlighted. Design/methodology/approach – The research methodology is based on an in-depth longitudinal case study of a major UK retailer. Data collection tools included observation of supplier meetings/workshops, semi-structured interviews and access to key company documentation and archives. Findings – This paper provides a framework for design-led supply chain risk management and thus presents a case for recognising design as more than a creative function but as a platform to manage risk in supply chains. Research limitations/implications – The empirical research reported in this paper is specific to the clothing manufacturing and fashion retail industry. Though the findings will most likely apply to all industries and supply chains where design has an integral role and plays an important part in the competitiveness of the final product, there would be benefit in extending the research into other sectors. Practical implications – The increased trends to outsourcing and offshore sourcing and the elimination of trade barriers have added to the competitive pressures faced by clothing retailers, hence frameworks to manage supply chain risks are significant to the survival of companies from this sector. Originality/value – Whilst there is a growing literature in the field of supply chain risk there is less empirical evidence providing practical examples of the impact of product design on risk. Design-led risk management offers a novel approach to mitigating supply chain risk.
Article
Purpose This paper aims to report on findings of a cross‐sector empirical study of the sources and drivers of supply chain vulnerability. Design/methodology/approach The research was undertaken in accordance with the realist tradition. It begins with a descriptive exploratory stage involving an in‐depth exploratory case study of aerospace industry supply chains, validated through in‐depth interviews with managers representing other “critical sectors” of the UK economy. This is followed by an explanatory theoretical stage. The work is supported throughout with reference to relevant literature sources. Findings The findings highlight the absence of any widespread understanding of the scope of and dynamic nature of the problem, which should be considered from multiple perspectives and at four levels of analysis: value stream/product or process; asset and infrastructure dependencies; organisations and inter‐organisational networks; and social and natural environment. Research limitations/implications The paper is normative rather than positive, so focuses on understanding why supply chains are vulnerable to disruption, rather than presenting itself as a prescription for management. The paper does not investigate academic definitions or existing taxonomies of risk. Practical implications The work provides some useful insights for practising managers and policy makers. Originality/value The paper reports on empirical research, then draws as appropriate on network theory and complex systems perspectives to produce a conceptual model of a supply chain as in interactive adaptive system.
Article
Purpose The purpose of this research is to examine the relationships among strategy, flexibility, and performance in the supply chain context. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a quantitative approach using a questionnaire survey and personal interviews from a total of 175 small and medium‐sized Canadian manufacturing companies. The identified constructs have been utilized to test a theoretical model using the path analysis technique. Findings First, the findings provide evidence of direct effects of strategy on flexibility and flexibility on performance. Second, innovative strategy firms must invest time and resources in developing new product and delivery flexibility; while customer‐oriented strategy firms are required to invest heavily in developing sourcing, product, and delivery flexibility and follower strategy firms need no investment in any specific type of flexibility. Third, results demonstrated that Canadian manufacturers must reconsider how they use information technology to enhance information systems flexibility and improve overall performance. Research limitations/implications The measures of flexibility and strategy dimensions used to rate the supply chain organizations are a possible limitation of the research study. Practical implications Managers need to think seriously about which type of flexibility they implement and that they should not increase all dimensions of flexibility in their power; some dimensions of flexibility may not significantly contribute to the overall performance. Considering that small and medium‐sized enterprises have limited resources, it is important for managers to carefully assess their strategic needs before getting involved in any flexibility program; otherwise the result can be competitively negative. Originality/value No empirical study was found in the supply chain literature that specifically investigates the relationships among strategy, flexibility and performance in the supply chain context; the paper fills an important gap in the supply chain literature.
Article
Supply chain vulnerability has become a fashionable area of management research. The purpose of this paper is to provide a critique of the extant canon and to review of the positioning of research in the field, together with literature drawn from several relevant and overlapping fields of research and practice. The aim is to foster a more explicit understanding of the relationships between supply chain vulnerability, risk and supply chain management, and in turn their relevance to related fields such as corporate governance, business continuity management, security and emergency planning. The ultimate objective is to clarify the agenda for further research. The paper begins with an examination of the concept of a “supply chain” and the scope and nature of supply chain management (SCM), then the fusion of SCM with the many and varied interpretations of “risk” and its faltering relationship to risk management. It is argued that attitudes to risk and approaches to risk management vary greatly within SCM and between related disciplines. It is concluded that although more work is needed within the SCM discipline, the issue of supply chain risk and vulnerability should not be addressed solely from a functional SCM perspective. Supply chain vulnerability is a concern for many other managerial disciplines. Research agendas should therefore strive to inform and support the needs of all those with a legitimate interest in supply chain risk and vulnerability management.
Article
Purpose This paper aims to assess the current practice in research on supply chain management applying a case study method. Two particular research fields, namely sustainable supply chain management (SustSCM) and performance supply chain management (PerformSCM), are used as examples. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a content analysis, where quality criteria for documenting case study research are analyzed. A total of 68 papers from the two research fields (51 SustSCM and 17 PerformSCM) forms the sample. The criteria of analysis chosen are taken from the case study research process. Findings There are two major findings: first, supply chain researchers have to make a greater effort to collect data from supply chains (i.e. at least two, or better, three or more stages of the supply chains). Second, the research process needs to be more comprehensively documented in related peer‐reviewed journal publications. This way, the value of case study based research might be appreciated more, as well enabling stronger conclusions to be drawn on the individual piece of research. Research limitations/implications The research presented focuses on two particular fields inside SCM. However, the observations made that methodological rigor is often lacking in the papers holds for both fields. Originality/value The paper contributes to the further development of appropriate empirical research strategies for supply chain management.
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the use of a strategic approach (contingency planning) to minimize risk exposure to a supply chain disruption. Specifically, the relationship between several attributes of a contingency planning process and flexibility are examined. Design/methodology/approach This effort develops a model that will provide both researchers and practitioners a means of determining the attributes with the highest relationship to flexibility. The model is then tested using multiple regression techniques. Findings Based on the sample used in this survey, top management support, resource alignment, information technology usage, and external collaboration provide the largest contributions to flexibility. Flexibility has been shown to enhance the ability to minimize risk exposure in the event of a supply chain disruption. Research limitations/implications In this research effort, the multiple regression results produced an R ² of 0.45, indicating that additional variables of interest may need to be identified and investigated. Furthermore, a wider range of respondents could make the results more generalizable. Practical implications This effort will help to allow managers at multiple levels to understand the primary planning attributes to use to increase flexibility. Originality/value The paper develops a model that can be used to identify the specific areas that can lead to improved flexibility. Based on the model, managers, and planners can develop appropriate strategies for minimizing risk exposure in the event of a supply chain disruption.
Article
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the growing literature examining supply chain risk management (SCRM) and to develop a typology of risks in the supply chain. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws its insights and conclusions from a review of the literature on supply chain risk, and a synthesis of the broader domain of risk management. Findings – While the literature on SCRM is growing, the literature lacks an organized structure for the sources of supply chain risk. The current paper bridges this gap by synthesizing the diverse literature into a typology of risk sources, consisting of environmental factors, industry factors, organizational factors, problem-specific factors, and decision-maker related factors. Practical implications – The paper devises a typology that can be used by managers to measure and assess the vulnerabilities of their company and supply chain. The typology also provides avenues for future research that further guides practitioners in the management of their supply chain risk portfolio. Originality/value – SCRM is rapidly developing into a favored research area for academicians as well as practitioners, especially after the attacks of September 11 and the recent array of natural disasters. This paper develops a methodology for structuring academic inquiry in this important research area.
Article
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the interface between product design and the supply chain and to develop a roadmap to the design centric business through better management of this interface. Design/methodology/approach A case study approach is adopted. This enabled the development of a roadmap to inform businesses on how to develop a design centric business integrated with the extended supply chain. Findings The research shows that successful companies will be those which seek to extend and develop the contribution of design into all aspects of their business. The roadmap to a design centric business enables firms to better position product design within their business processes and helps facilitate better integration between product design and the supply chain. Research limitations/implications The findings from this research have been derived from a scoping study of a relatively small sample. However, the findings are grounded by a structured literature review and are generalisable to other industry sectors. Originality/value Design for the supply chain is an under‐explored area. The conceptual framework highlights the importance of the product design‐supply chain management interface and offers a roadmap for companies to develop a more design centric business.
Article
Purpose This paper seeks to understand business requirements for supply chain risk management (SCRM) from a practitioner perspective. Design/methodology/approach Based on the findings from an exploratory quantitative survey and qualitative focus group discussions with supply chain managers, some issues of SCRM are derived and structured along the three conceptual levels of “philosophy”, “principles” and “processes”. Findings The survey showed that 44 per cent of all eight responding companies expect the vulnerability of their supply chains to increase in the next five years. However, the concept of SCRM is still in its infancy. Originality/value The paper contributes to our knowledge on SCRM by presenting the business requirements from a practitioner perspective and by deriving a structure for an integrated approach to SCRM which can guide further research.
Article
Purpose Global supply chains are more risky than domestic supply chains due to numerous links interconnecting a wide network of firms. These links are prone to disruptions, bankruptcies, breakdowns, macroeconomic and political changes, and disasters leading to higher risks and making risk management difficult. The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of risk management and risk management strategies in global supply chains. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on an extensive literature review and a qualitative study comprising 14 in‐depth interviews and a focus group meeting with senior supply chain executives. Findings The study provides insights into the applicability of six risk management strategies with respect to environmental conditions and the role of three moderators. Research limitations/implications The model is developed in a global manufacturing supply chain context. It should be tested in other contexts and with other methods to provide generalizability. The study takes a much needed step toward building a theory of risk management in global supply chains, which opens important future research directions. Practical implications This research provides direction to managers for choosing risk management strategies based on the global supply chain environment. Moderators have practical implications for global supply chain managers. Originality/value The paper addresses an identified gap in the literature for selecting risk management strategies in global supply chains. It employs grounded theory, a methodology appropriate for theory‐building, to explore a phenomenon with an inadequate theoretical base.
Article
A conceptual framework for the analysis of vulnerability in supply chains is developed. The conceptual framework is limited to the inbound logistic flow of manufacturers. The study has been performed as a two-step process. Step one explores the concept of vulnerability from the point of view of an inductive approach. The conceptual framework is generated and based on the empirical findings from a case study of a Swedish car manufacturer in the automotive industry. Step two is deductive in terms of testing in other industries the generated conceptual framework that originates from step one. The conceptual framework consists of two dimensions, namely categories of disturbance and sources of disturbance. Principally, categories of disturbance are divided into quantitative and qualitative disturbances. Sources of disturbance are divided into atomistic (direct) and holistic (indirect) disturbances. In addition, the specific criteria of an inbound logistic flow indicate how vulnerability in supply chains is proposed to be analysed according to the developed conceptual framework of vulnerability.
Article
Purpose In the emerging disciplines of risk management and supply chain management, resilience is a relatively undefined concept. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated perspective on resilience through an extensive review of the literature in a number of disciplines including developmental psychology and ecosystems. In addition, the paper identifies and addresses some of the current theoretical gaps in the existing research. Design/methodology/approach Supply chain resilience has been defined by a number of disciplines. An integrative literature review is conducted in an attempt to integrate existing perspectives. This review also serves as the basis for the development of a conceptual model. Findings The key elements of supply chain resilience and the relationships among them, the links between risks and implications for supply chain management, and the methodologies for managing these key issues are poorly understood. Implications for future research advocate testing the proposed model empirically. Practical implications Supply chain disruptions have adverse effect on both revenue and costs. Resilient supply chains incorporate event readiness, are capable of providing an efficient response, and often are capable of recovering to their original state or even better post the disruptive event. Originality/value Supply chain resilience has yet to be researched from the logistics perspective. Even in well‐developed disciplines the unified theory of resilience is still under development. This research leverages existing knowledge and advances an interdisciplinary understanding of the concept.
Article
Supply chain vulnerability is an important but underdeveloped area of management research. The need for appropriate methods to investigate the issue in greater depth and with regard for the wider context of supply chain networks had been identified by recent studies, as had the need for appropriate tools and methodologies to assist practitioners in the task of managing supply chain risk. This paper reports on a study that draws on risk management methods developed in other mature management disciplines and investigates their suitability for supply chain risk management. It does so through a single in-depth case study involving five tiers of a supply chain network involved in the manufacture of high performance military aircraft. The paper is the first of a series of three which describe the initial research behind the development of a high-level methodology and operational-level tool-kit for the identification and management of supply chain risk.
Article
As markets become more volatile and the business environment more turbulent, supply chains become more vulnerable to disruption. This paper maintains that organisations need to manage supply chain risk in a systematic way, identifying and continuously monitoring the risk profile, assessing critical paths through the network and, if necessary, building in safeguards. It is argued that because of the financial risk to the business of supply chain disruption, it is essential that these issues receive top management attention on an on-going basis.
Article
Global supply chains face a multitude of risks. A review of the recent literature reveals a few structured and systematic approaches for assessing risks in supply chains. However, there is no conceptual framework that ties together this literature. The purpose of this paper is to integrate literature from several disciplines - including logistics, supply chain management, operations management, strategy, and international business - to develop a model of global supply chain risk management. The implications for stakeholders and how future research could bring more insights to the phenomenon of global supply chain risk management are also discussed.
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This research examined how operational outcomes, relational outcomes and business performance are affected by a collaboration project between buyers and suppliers in a supply chain. It is hypothesized that interdependence of knowledge and process, supply chain partner insight, and the level of collaboration between the firms affect the outcomes of a collaboration project. Survey data from buyers and suppliers from a wide range of industries and organizations were used in this analysis. Among these participants, higher levels of collaboration led to improvements in operational and relational outcomes, which together led to improvements in asset utilization, competitive position, organizational performance, and profitability.
Article
Supply chain design is frequently performed from the perspective of a single supplier-customer relationship. However, as a supplier provides value to different supply chains, it becomes increasingly difficult to optimize each supply chain. Each supply chain has different requirements, procedures, and formats. A member may have requirements placed upon them by one member that contradicts another member. The competitive success of a supplier depends on its ability to participate in different supply chains. This, in turn, affects the competitiveness of each of the other supply chains. This paper presents a generic prescriptive methodology for mitigating risks in an aerospace supply chain and proposes five activities. The methodology provides a mechanism to minimize conflicting objectives. A hypothetical case study is then presented on how the methodology can be applied.