ROOFER: Membrane and Flashing Condition Indexes for Single-Ply Membrane Roofs--Inspection and Distress Manual

Abstract

Because no procedures exist to inspect and evaluate the condition of single-ply membrane roofing systems within the ROOFER program, the U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USACERL) has developed this inspection and distress manual for these roofing systems. Included is the standardized information needed to conduct the visual inspection survey, including names, descriptions, severity levels, measurement criteria, causes and photographs of membrane and flashing distresses. Procedures for distress density calculations are also provided. Roof inspectors can use this information to objectively determine the indexes that reflect the (1) ability of the membrane and flashing to perform their functions, (2) needed level of maintenance, and (3) waterproof integrity.

Full text

USACERL
Technical Report
FM-93/11
AD-A272
573
April
1993
Roofing
Maintenance
Management
System
US
Army
Corps
~l
of
Engineers
Construction
Engineering
Research
Laboratoi
y
ROOFER:
Membrane
and
Flashing
Condition
Indexes
for Single-Ply
Membrane
Roofs-Inspection
and
Distress
Manual
by
David
M.
Bailey
Donald
E.
Brotherson
Tobasron
4T .I
Wayne
Tobiasson
Stuart
D.
Foltz
Al
Knehans
L
V
Because
no
procedures
exist
to
inspect
and
evaluate
the
condition
of
single-ply
membrane
rooting
systems
within
the
ROOFER
program,
the
U.S.
Army
Construction
Engineering
Research
Laboratories
(USACERL)
has
developed
this
inspection
and
distress
manual
for
these
roofing
systems.
included
is
the
standardized
informa-
tion
needed
to
conduct
the
visual inspection
survey,
including
names,
descriptions,
severity
levels,
measurement
criteria,
causes
and
photo-
graphs
of
membrane and
flashing
distresses.
Procedures
for
distress
density
calculations
are
also
provided.
Roof
inspectors
can
use
this
infor-
mation
to
objectively
determine
the
indexes
that
reflect
the
(1)
ability
of
the membrane
and
flash-
ing
to
perform
their functions,
(2)
needed
level
of
maintenance, and
(3)
waterproof
integrity.
93-27490
Approved
for
public
release;
distribution
is
unlimited.
93
1i
1I6

The
contents
of
this
report
are
not
to
be
used
for advertising, publication,
or
promotional
purposes. Citation
of
trade
names
does
not
constitute
an
official endorsement
or
approval
of
the
use
of
such
commercial
products.
The
findings
of
this
report
are
not
to
be
construed
as an
official
Department
of
the
Army
position,
unless
so
designated
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other
authorized
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DESTROY
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USER
EVALUATION
OF
REPORT
REFERENCE:
USACERL Technical
Report
FM-93/1
1,
ROOFER:
Membrane
and
Flashing
Condi-
tion
Indexes
for
Single-Ply
Membrane
Roofs-inspection
and
Distress
Manual
Please
take
a
few
minutes
to
answer
the
questions
below,
tear
out
this
sheet,
and
return
it
to
USACERL.
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CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING RESEARCH
LABORATORIES
ATTN:
CECER-IMT
P.O.
Box
9005
Champaign,
IL
61826-9005

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REPORT
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3.
REPORT
TYPE
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April
1993
Final
4.
TITLE
AND
SUBTITLE
5.
FUNDING NUMBERS
ROOFER:
Membrane
and
Flashing
Condition
Indexes for
Single-Ply
Membrane 4A
162784
Roofs-Inspection
and
Distress
Manual
AT41
MB-D92
6.
AUTHOR(S)
David
M.
Bailey,
Donald
E.
Brotherson,
Wayne
Tobiasson, Stuart
D.
Foltz,
and
Al
Knehans
7.
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION NAME(S)
AND
ADDRESS(ES)
8.
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
U.S.
Army
Construction
Engineering
Research Laboratories
(USACERL)
REPORT
NUMBER
P.O.
Box 9005
TR-FM-93./•
I
Champaign,
IL
61826-9005
9.
SPONSORING/MONITORING
AGENCY
NAME(S)
AND
ADDRESS(ES)
10.
SPONSORING/MONITORING
Headquarters,
U.S.
Army
Corps
of
Engineers
(HQUSACE)
AGENCY
REPORT
NUMBER
ATTN:
CEHSC-FB-S
20
Massachusetts
Avenue,
NW
Washington,
DC
20314-1000
11.
SUPPLEMENTARY
NOTES
Copies
are
available from the National Technical Information
Service,
5285
Port
Royal
Road,
Springfield,
VA
22161.
12a.
DISTRIBUTIONIAVAILABILITY
STATEMENT
12b.
DISTRIBUTION
CODE
Approved
for public
release;
distribution
is
unlimited.
13.
ABSTRACT
(Maximum
200
words)
Because
no
procedures
exist
to
inspect and
evaluate the
condition
of
single-ply membrane
roofing systems
within
the
ROOFER program,
the
U.S.
Army
Construction Engineering
Research
Laboratories
(USACERL)
has
developed
this
inspection
and
distress
manual
for
these
roofing systems.
Included
is
the
standardized information
needed
to
conduct
the
visual
inspection
survey,
including names,
descriptions,
severity
levels,
measurement
criteria,
causes
and
photographs
of
membrane and flashing
distresses. Procedures
for
distress
density calcula-
tions
are
also
provided.
Roof
inspectors
can
use
this
information
to
objectively
determine
the indexes that
reflect
the
(1)
ability
of
the
membrane and
flashing
to
perform their functions,
(2)
needed
level
of
maintenance, and
(3)
waterproof
integrity.
14.
SUBJECT
TERMS
15.
NUMBER
OF
PAGES
ROOFER flashing condition
index
(FCI)
100
single-ply
membrane inspection
16.
PRICE
CODE
membrane condition
index (MCI)
17.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION
18.
SECURITY
CLASSIFICATION
19. SECURITY
CLASSIFICATION
20.
LIMITATION
OF
ABSTRACT
OF REPORT OF
THIS
PAGE OF
ABSTRACT
Unclassified
Unclassified Unclassified
SAR
NSN
7540-01-280-5500
Standard
Form
298
(Rev.
2-89)
Pnsrbed
by
ANSI
Sid
239-18
298-102

FOREWORD
This
research
was
conducted
for
the
Directorate
of
Military
Programs, Headquarters,
U.S. Army
Corps
of
Engineers
(H-QUSACE)
under Project 4A162784AT41, "Military
Facilities Engineering
Technology";
Task
MB;
Work Unit
092.
"Roofing
Maintenance
Management System." The
technical
monitor
was
Al
Knehans,
CEHSC-FB-S.
The
work was
performed
by
the
Engineering
and
Materials
Division
(FM),
of
the
Infrastructure
Laboratory
(FL),
U.S.
Army
Construction
Engineering
Research
Laboratories (USACERL).
David
M.
Bailey
is
the
principal
investigator.
Dr.
Paul
Howdyshell
is
Chief,
CECER-FM
and
Dr. Michael
J.
O'Connor
is
Chief,
CECER-FL.
The
USACERL
technical
editor
was
Gloria
J.
Wienke,
Information
Management
Office.
Donald
E.
Brotherson
is
Director
of
the
Building
Research Council,
University
of
Illinois. Wayne
Tobiasson
is
a
Research
Civil
Engineer
in the
Experimental
Engineering
Division
at
the
U.S.
Army
Cold
Regions Research
and
Engineering
Laboratory (USACRREL).
-Special
acknowledgement
is
due
to
the
following
who
participated
as
members
of
the
develop-
ment/field validation
team:
Dr.
Robert
Alumbaugh,
Naval
Civil
Engineering Laboratory (NCEL), John
Bradford, roofing
contractor; Dwight
Jennings, roofing consultant;
Mark
de
Ogburn,
U.S.
Navy,
Southern
Naval
Facilities
Engineering Command (SOUTHNAVFACENGCOM);
and
Tom Wallace,
U.S.
Navy,
Northern
Naval
Facilities
Engineering
Command (NORTHNAVFACENGCOM).
COL
Daniel Waldo,
Jr.,
is
Commander
and
Director
of
USACERL
and
Dr.
L.R.
Shaffer
is
Technical
Director.
Accession
l or
FS
_7---S
-G-RA
& I
\
DTIC
TAB
Unan1o1i-
-Ced
03
Distribution/~
Availability
COdus
ýAvat1l
and/ar
IsLt
Speolal
D
s
2
I I I mnma 1
m m
n
m
IS

CONTENTS
Page
SF298 1
FOREWORD
2
LIST
OF
FIGURES
AND
TABLE
5
INTRODUCTION
................................................... 7
Background
............. ....................................... 7
O
bjective ....................................................... 7
Approach
....................................................... 7
Using
the
M
anual
................................................. 8
Mode
of
Technology
Transfer
........................................ 8
2
PROCEDURES
FOR
ROOF
INSPECTION
AND
CALCULATION
OF
INDEXES .. 10
Roof
Sections
................................................... 10
Roof
Plans
..................................................... 10
Inspection
Procedure
............................................. 14
Inspection
Guidelines
............................................. 16
M
CI
and FCI Calculations
......................................... 17
3
FLASHING
DISTRESSES
............................................
22
Index
.........................................................
22
Base
Flashing, Membrane
Material
(BF)
...............................
23
Base
Flashing, Coated
Metal
(BC)
....................................
28
M
etal
Cap
Flashing
(M
C)
..........................................
31
Embedded
Edge
Metal
(EM)
........................................
35
Flashed
Penetrations
(FP)
..........................................
39
Pitch
Pans (PP)
..................................................
42
Interior
Drains
and
Roof
Level
Scuppers
(DR)
..........................
45
4
MEMBRANE DISTRESSES
...........................................
49
Index
.........................................................
49
Splits
(SP)
.....................................................
50
Ridges
(RG)
...................................................
52
Holes,
Cuts,
and
Abrasions
(HL)
.....................................
54
Defective
Seams
(DS)
.............................................
57
Surface Coating
Deterioration
(SC)
...................................
61
Membrane
Deterioration
(MD)
......................................
63
System
Securement
Deficiencies
(SS)
..................................
65
Membrane
Support
Deficiencies
(MS)
.................................
69
Patching
(PA)
...................................................
71
Debris
and
Vegetation
(DV)
........................................
73
Improper
Equipment
Supports
(EQ)
..................................
76
Ponding
(PD)
...................................................
78
METRIC
CONVERSION
TABLE
80
REFERENCES
80
APPENDIX
A:
Deduct
Value
Curves
81
3

CONTENTS
(Cont'd)
Page
APPENDIX
B:
Inspection
and
Rating
Forms
93
DISTRIBUTION
4

FIGURES
Number
Page
I
Membrane
and
Flashing Condition
Indexes
(MCI
and
FCI) and
Ratings
9
2
Six-Step
Rating Procedure
I I
3
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet Showing
Example
Roof
Plan
12
4
Standard Symbols
for
the
Roof
Section
Plans
13
5
Completed
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet
15
6
Reverse
Side
of
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet
18
7
Roof
Section
Rating
Form
19
TABLE
Deduct
Values
in
Descending
Order
21
5

ROOFER:
MEMBRANE
AND
FLASHING
CONDITION
INDEXES
FOR
SINGLE-PLY
MEMBRANE
ROOFS
INSPECTION
AND
DISTRESS
MANUAL
I
INTRODUCTION
Background
The
U.S.
Army
has
over
300
million
square
feet*
of
low-slope roofing,
the
largest
portion
of
this
being
bituminous built-up
membranes.
Army
installations
spend
a
large
portion
of
their
infrastructure
maintenance dollars repairing
and
replacing
these low-slope
roofs.
Historically,
Army
Directorates
of
Engineering
and
Housing
(DEHs),
like
other
facility
managers,
have lacked
systematdc
procedures
for
evaluating
and
managing
their
inventory
of
roofs
to
make
the
bcst
use
of
limited
maintenance
funds.
The
U.S.
Army
Construction
Engineering
Research
Laboratories
(USACERL),
with
the
assistance
of
the
U.S
Army
Cold Regions
Research
and
Engineering Laboratory (USACRREL)
and
the U.S. Army
Engineering
and
Housing
Support
Center
(USAEHSC), developed
ROOFER,
an
Engineered Management
System initially for
bituminous
built-up
roofs
(Bailey
et
al.
1989;
Bailey.
Brotherson,
and
Tobiasson
1989).
The ROOFER procedures
with
a
microcomputer
application
(Bailey
et
al.
1990)
pnrvide
building
managers
with
a
decision
support
toc.
for
assessing
roof condition,
selecting
repair
strategies,
and
establishing planning
and
budgeting
needs
for
accomplishing
this
work.
Since
the early
1980s,
the
amount
of
single-ply membranes
being
used for
roofing
at
Army
installa-
tions
has
been
steadily
increasing.
DEHs.
Directorates
of
Public Works
(DPWs).
and
other
building
managers
need
to
be
able
to
use the
ROOFER
program
to
evaluate single-ply
roofing
systems.
Objective
The
objective
of
this
work
was
to
develop
condition
index
procedures
based
on
visual
inspection
of
the
flashing
and
membrane components
of
single-ply
roofs
as
part
of
the
program
to
extend ROOFER
to
other
types
of
roofing
systems.
This
report provides
roof
inspectors
with
a
standard reference
for
conducting
inspections
and
calculating
the
membrane
condition
index
(MCI)
and
flashing
condition
index
(FCI).
Approach
The concepts
and
theory
behind
the
condition
index
methodology
and
the
process
used
to
develop
and
field
validate
the
distress
definitions
and
deduct
value
curves
are
described
elsewhere
(Shahin,
Bailey,
and
Brotherson
1987a).
The
procedures for
determining
membrane
and
flashing
condition
indexes
for
built-up
roofs (BUR)
as
described
elsewhere (Shahin, Bailey,
and
Brotherson
1987b)
provide
the
basis
for
this work.
The
same
developmental
process involving
a
rating
team
of
experts
and field
tests
at
six
sites
(military
and
nonmilitary)
was used for this
effort.
"A
metric
conversion
table
is
on page
80.
7

Single-ply
flashiag distresses
are
categorized
by
flashing
type,
as
was
done for BUR. Sonic
single-
ply
membrane
distresses
are
comparable
to
BUR
distresses.
For
these
similar
flashing
and
membrane
distresses,
the
corresponding
BUR
deduct
value
curves
were
determined
by
field
ratings
to
be
valid
fbr
single-ply
roofing.
Several
distresses,
different
from
those
encountered
by
BUR,
were
identified
for
the
single-ply
membrane component.
For
those
distresses,
new
defects
were
defined
and
deduct
value
curves
were
developed,
field
tested,
and
verified.
Using
the
Manual
Chapter
2
contains
the
inspection procedures. Distresses
for
flashings
and
membranes
are
presented
in
Chapters
3
and
4, respectively.
These
two
chapters
include
descriptions
of
distresses,
severity
levels,
defect
definitions,
photographs,
measurement
criteria,
and
causes. Inspectors should
study this
manual
and
carry
a
copy
for
reference
during inspections.
Results
of
roof
inspections
are
to
be
used
in
conjunction
with
the calculation
procedures
in
Chapter
2
to
determine
the
MCI
and FCI and
their
cespective
ratings
(Figure
1).
Deduct
Value
Curves
are
in
Appendix
A
and
samples
of
roof
inspection
sheets
are
in
Appendix
B.
These membrane
and
flashing
component
condition
indexes,
combined
with
an
insulation
condition
index
(ICI)
for
insulated
roofs,
are
used
to
determine
a
roof
condition
index
(RCI) and
provide
an
overall
assessment of
a
roof.
The
methods
for
calculating
the
single-ply
ICI
and
combining
it
with
the MCI
and
FCI
are
the
same
as
for
BUR
and
are
documented
in
USACERL
Techl,ical
Report
M-90/04,
ROOFER:
An
Engineered
Management
System
for
Bituminous Built-Up
Roofs.
Mode
of
Technology
Transfer
This
report
serves
as
the
ROOFER inspection
manual
for single-ply
roofs.
The
capabilities
for
performing
automated calculations
and
stonng
collected information
will
be
incorporated
into
the
Micro
ROOFER software
program.
USAEHSC
is
the
support
agency
that
has the
responsibility
for
assisting
in
implementing
the
ROOFER
program
at
Army
installations.
8

MCI
or
FCI RATING
100
*
EXCELLENT
85
VERY
GOOD
70
/
//
GOOD
• - . .
FAIR
40
POOR
25
,°°.. °..........
......
°°°o-,°...
VERY
POOR
FAILED
0
Figure
1.
Membrane
and Flashing Condition
Indexes
(MCI
and
FCI)
and
Ratings.
.. ... .

2
PROCEDURES
FOR
ROOF
INSPECTION
AND
CALCULATION
OF
INDEXES
As
defined
by
the
concepts
and
theories
in
previous
RCI
research
reports
(Shahin,
Bailey,
and
Brotherson
1987a,
1987b), the
condition
indexes
reflect
the
(1)
ability
of
the
membrane
and
flashing
to
perform
their
function,,
(2)
needed
level
of
maintenance
and,
(3)
waterproof
integrity.
Determining
the
MCI
and
FCI
requires
measurement
of
all
existing membrane
and
flashing
distresses.
A
thorough visual
inspection
must
be
conducted
to
determine
the
distress
type,
severity,
and
amount
of
each
defect
present.
A
distress
type
(e.g.,
defective seams)
may have
several
different
defects
(e.g.,
missing
lap
sealant,
wrinkled
seam)
for
a
given severity
level.
The inspection must
be
carefully
organized
and
planned
to
provide
the
necessary
information
for
determining
the
membrane
and
flashing
conditions.
This chapter
presents
the
overall
process
for
visually inspecting
single-ply membrane
roofs
and
computing membrane
and flashing
condition
indexes
as
shown
in
Figure
2.
Roof
Sections
The
inspector
should
divide each
building's
roof
into
sections
and
rate
each
section independently
to
determine
maintenance, repair,
and
replacement
(MRR)
needs.
Using
this approach,
a
roof
section
in
poor
condition
does
not
detract
from
the
assessment
of
a
roof
section
on
the
same
building
that
is
per-
forming
well.
Also
it
may
be
possible
to
replace
only
those sections
that
are
not
performing
well.
Roof
sections
are
assigned letter designations
(A,B,C,
and
so
on)
and
are
generally
delineated
by:
*
perimeter
details
such
as
firewalls,
expansion
joints,
or
area
dividers,
*
different
roof
levels,
*
areas
having different
roofing
systems, different
amounts
of
rooftop
equipment, or
significantly
different
conditions
below
the
roof,
or
*
areas
that
were
constructed
at
different
times.
If
a
roof
is
physically
divided
into
many
small areas,
it
may
be
possible
to
combine
several
similar
areas
(e.g.,
canopies
over
entrances)
into
one
section,
provided
the
areas
of
similar
age
and
construction.
However,
if
areas
have
different
structural systems
or
different
environments below
the
roof,
they should
be
treated
as
individual
sections.
Large
areas
without obvious
delineations
should
be
arbitrarily
divided
.nto
areas
of
25,000
to
40,000
sq
ft.
Roof
Plans
Each
roof
section
should have
a
roof
plan
drawn
to
a
scale
that
fits
on
the
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet (Figure
3).
A
blank version
of
the
worksheet
is
provided
in
Appendix
B.
The
plan
should
show
all
physical
roof
features, including
perimeter
conditions
(e.g.,
roof
edge,
expansion
joint,
parapet
wall),
rooftop equipment,
projections through
the
roof,
roof
drains,
walkways,
sign supports,
piping,
and
other
features.
The standard
symbols
shown
in
Figure
4
should
be
used
to
identify
these
items.
10

STEP
1:
Divide Building
Roof
Into
Sections
and
Develop
Roof
Plans.
STEP
2:
Inspect
Roof
Section.
Determine
Distress
Types,
Severity
Levels,
and
Defects
&
Measure
Quantities.
MEMBRANE
RIDGES
DEFECTIVE
SEAMS
STEP
3:
Determine
Deduct
Values.
RIDGES
(RG)
DEFECTIVE
SEAMS
(DS)
100
H
100:H
uj
.
i--
I--
° b
a
0
0
0.1
DENSITY
PERCENT
100
0.1
DENSITY
PERCENT
100
(Log
Scale)
(Log
Scale)
STEP
6:
Determine
Membrane
and
STEP
4:
Determine
Corrected
Deduct
Values.
Flashing
Condition
Ratings.
100
0 ,-2
III
OEXCELLENT
=Z) 0,8
coy
_J 1% h
LL --
C3
--
- -- - ------
I-<O
'0
00 Ow
=Nut
dm
ofDe,*wcz
0 .
Greater
Then
I PC~nt
0
EDV
=a+b
100
200
SUM
OF
DEDUCT
VALUES
(IDV)
/
oo2
STEP
5:
Compute
Membrane
and
Flashing
Condition Indexes.
0-
,-•
.
Figure
2.
Six-Step
Rating
Procedure.
]1

ROOF
INSPECTION
WORKSHEET
}
AGENCY/INST.:
fOgr
XXX
BUILDING
9
7
PER.
FLASHING
LF
DATE
SECTION
B
CURB
FLASILING
LF
NAME
BF-BASE
FL-MEM
PP
PITCH
PAN
DS-DEF
SEAMIS
PA-PATCHING
I U
S D
Q
BC-BASE
FL-METAL
DR
DRAIN
& SC
SC-SURF
COAT
DV DEB
&
VEG
D
I
E E
T
MC
METAL
CAP SP-SPLITS MD-MEM
DET
EQ-EQ
SUPPORT
S V
F
y
EM-
EMBEDDED
MET
RG-RIDGES
SS-SYSTEM
SEC
PD-PONDING
#
FP-
FLASHED
PEN
HL-HOLES
MS-MEM
SUPPORT
0 G1
35'-6I
0
4EC0 A-
7x8
i
.3,-
2x22
0 E,
4 x4
• iEl
SCALE:_____
NORTH
(This
formn
has
been
reduced
in
size.)
Figure
3.
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet
Showing
Example Roof
Plan.
12

[
HATCH
E
EQUIPMENT
P
PENTHOUSE
S
:SKYLIGHT
SC
=SOLAR
COLLECTOR
T
=
TRANSFORMER
V
=
VENTILATOR
Sor),
ANTENNA
A
CORE
SAMPLE
WITH
SAMPLE
IDENTIFIER
0
VENT
PIPE
*
DRAIN
OR
DOWNSPOUT
LADDER
S
SCUPPER
or
CHIMNEY
OR
FLUE
PITCH
PAN
0
FLASHED
PIPE
I
LIGHTNING
ROD
ROOF
EDGE
PARAPET
WALL
OR
ADJACENT
BLDG
EXPANSION JOINT
OR
ROOF
DIVIDER
Figure
4.
Standard
Symbols
for
the
Roof
Section
Plans.
13

Inspection
Procedure
Survey
Team
The
roof
inspection
should
be
performed
by
a
team
of
at
least
two people:
an
inspector
and
a
recorder. The inspector
surveys the roof,
identifying
distresses
and
determining
appropriate severity
levels,
defects,
and
quantities.
The
recorder
enters
the
data
on
the
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet
and
assists
in
measuring
distress quantities.
The recorder
also serves
as
the
safety
observer
for
the
team.
Supplies
The following
supplies
are
required
to
perform
the
inspection
and
can
be
carried
in
a
satchel
when
on
the
rooftop:
Inspection
and
Distress
Manual
(this
document)
Pencil
and
clipboard
Single-ply
Roof
Inspection
Worksheets
Small, 3-in.
pointing
trowel
Can
of
spray paint
Stiff
bristle whisk
broom
Pocket
knife
Measuring tapes
(12-ft and 100-ft
recommended)
Large
plastic
bag
(for
collecting
rooftop debris).
Survey
Preparation
It
may
be
necessary for
the
survey
team to
contact
the
building
superintendent
or
custodian
for
assistance
in
gaining
access
to
the
roof.
Once
on
the
rooftop,
the
roof
section plan should
be
developed
(or
verified,
if
a
plan already
exists).
Before
the
survey begins,
locate
all
penetrations,
projections,
rooftop
equipment,
and
perimeter
conditions on
the
plan.
Measure
and
record
dimensions
on the
roof
plan.
Measure
and
record the total
perimeter
flashing
length
(in
lineal
ft)
in
the
appropriate
space
in
the heading
of
the
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet.
Also
determine
and
record
on
the
worksheet
the
length
of
the base
flashing
on
all
curbed
penetrations.
Distress
Survey
Inspectors
must
be
able
to
iat
A.-•y
the
various
distresses
and
defects accurately
and
follow
the
inspection procedure closely
to
obtain
meaningful,
consistent,
and
repeatable
results.
When
performing
the
inspection,
identify each
distress
as
it
is
encountered;
determine
its
severity
level, the
specific
defect
present,
and
measure
its
quantity
using
the
criteria
defined
in
Chapters
3
and
4.
Enter
this
information
in
the
columns
on the
right
side
of
the
Roof
Inspection Worksheet. Each distress
encountered
is
assigned an identification
number,
starting
with
1
(ID
#
in
column
1)
and
numbering
consecutively.
Record
the
location
of
each
distress
on the
roof
plan
using
the
identification
number
as
shown
in
Figure
5.
If,
during
the
inspection,
the
Roof
Inspection Worksheet becomes
filled,
continue
recording on
a
second worksheet.
(Appendix
B
contains
an
abbreviated
list
of
idL,-tifiers
for
all
the
distresses/defects,
which
is
designed
to
assist
inspectors
in
rapidly
identifying
defects.
A
copy
of
the
list
can
be
attached
to
the
bottom
of
a long
[8
ir.
,
1A
in.]
clipboard,
so
it
is
exposed
below
the
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet,
as
a
ready reference
during
inspections.)
14

ROOF INSPECTION WORKSHEET
I
AGENCY/INST.:
f•k
7-
X
XX
BUILDING
97
PER. FLASHING
Z7//
LF
DATE
23
3,(5 Y
'je
SECTION
•
CURB
FLASHING
70'
LF
NAME
.__,
'hOeoo-
BF
BA3E
FL-MEM PP-PITCH
PAN
DS-DEF
SEAMS
PA-PATCHING
D
S
D
Q
BC
BASE
FL
METAL
DR DRAIN
&
SC
SC-SURF
COAT
DV-DEB
&
VEG
D
1
E E
T
MC-METAL
CAP
SP-SPLITS
MD-MEM
DET EQ-EQ
SUPPORT
S V
F
Y
EM-EMBEDDED
MET
RG-RIDGES SS-SYSTEM
SEC
PD-PONDING
#
FP.FLASHED
PEN
HL-HOLES
MS-MEM
SUPPORT
j
61,
/1
f.e.
6101
t1
I /
35-6
46'i1
•-- .5
Et1
H
Z
/
Y,
/
7
d6A'
/1 2
,
L0+
IA)'
p•,
i-
Z
i
i~12f It l
H
-I
7x8
l 35
1
I
y
D2x2 /4- D w
5 rI
tO
1 '1'-
4
15
D$H
1z
15-
"2X2
4x4
04-
2
xx2
0
46--0
/
SCALE:___________
NORTH
Figure
5.
Completed
Roof
Inspection Worksheet.
15

Perform
the
distress
survey on each
roof
section
using
the
following
steps:
1.
Inspect
the
perimeter
flashing.
Establish
a
starting
point
at
one
comer
of
the
roof
section.
Walk
the
perimeter,
examining
the
base flashing,
embedded
edge metal
flashing,
and
metal
cap
flashing.
Fill
in the
worksheet
as
the
inspection
proceeds.
2.
After
inspecting
the
perimeter,
walk
the
roof
area, using
an
established pattern, inspecting
all
other
flashings.
This
includes curbed penetrations,
flashed
penetrations,
pitch
pans,
drains,
etc.
3.
Inspect
the
roof
membrane. Establish
a
starting point
at
one
comer
of
the
roof
section.
Using
10-
to 15-ft
wide
strips,
walk back
and forth across the
roof
section surveying
the
entire membrane.
Inspection Guidelines
Proper
inspection requires surveying
the
entire
roof
section.
However,
if
defects
occur
uniformly
over
a
large
area
or
if
the
roof
is
covered
with
ballast,
use
sampling
procedures.
Representative
Sampling
Technique
When specific
defects
occur
uniformly
on
a
large
area
of
the membrane
or
a
long run
of
flashing,
the
following
representative
sampling technique can
be
used.
Select
a
portion
of
the
roof
(e.g.,
1000
sq
ft
of
membrane
or
100
ft
of
flashing)
and
measure
the
distress
in
the
sample area.
Then,
by
extrapolation, estimate
the
quantity
of
that
distress
for
the
total
portion
of
the
membrane or
flashing
affected.
Record
the
distress
information
as
a
single
entry with
one
identification number
on
the
Roof
Inspection Worksheet.
The
boundaries
of
the overall
area
or
length
should
be
shown
on the
roof
section
plan.
Embedded
Edge
Metal
Joints
on
Ballasted
Roofs
As
a
method
of
sampling
the
embedded
edge metal
joints
for
ballasted
systems, determine
the
number
of
joints
by
dividing
the
total
length
of
embedded
edge
metal
flashing
by
the
length
of
the
edge
metal
sections (often
10
ft).
Move
the
gravel at
every
fourth
joint
to
inspect
for
splits
in
the stripping
material. Count the
number
of
inspected
joints
having
a
specific
defect
and
multiply
by
four
to
determine
the total
length
of
the
defect.
Replace
ballast after completing inspection.
Defective
Seams
on
Ballasted
Roofs
For
ballasted
roofs,
check
field
seams
at
five
different
locations
on each
roof
section.
Clear
the
ballast
from
a
5-ft
length
of
the
seam
at
each location
and
clean
the
exposed
seam
with
a
whisk
broom.
If
all
checked
seams
are
without
defects,
assume the
remaining
field
seams
are
satisfactory.
If
any
defects
are
found,
use
the
following sampling technique:
I.
For
roof
sections
with
sheet
widths
of
10
ft
or
less, inspect
2
percent
of
the
total
length
of
field
seams
(2
ft
every
100
ft
of
seam).
For
roof
sections
having
sheet widths
greater
than
10
ft,
inspect
4
percent
of
the
total
length
of
field
seams
(2
ft every
50
ft
of
seam). Measure
length
of
each specific
seam
defect
found.
2.
Extrapolate
to determine
the
total
length
of
seam
defects
for
the
entire
roof
section
from
the
total
length
of
defect
found. When
2
percent
of
the
seams
are
inspected,
multiply
the
actual
16

defect
length
by
50
to
compute
total
length
of
defect. When 4
percent
of
the
seams are
inspected,
multiply
the
actual
defect
length
by
25
to
compute
the
total
length
of
defect.
3.
Replace
ballast after
completing
inspections.
General
Guidelines
The
following
is
a
list
of
general
guidelines
for
the
roof
inspection:
0
When on
the
rooftop,
be
careful
not
to
damage
the
roof.
Do
not
step
on
unsupported
flashing
or
membrane.
"•
If snow
or
a
large
area
of
ponding
exist
on
the
roof,
postpone
the
inspection until
the
roof
is
clear.
"*
Wherever possible,
measure
lengths
and areas
to
determine
distress quantities.
Estimating,
instead
of
measuring,
compromises
the
rating
accuracy. Pacing
to
find
lengths,
or
some
other
numerical estimating
method,
is
preferable
to
"eyeball"
estimates.
-
If
more
than
one
severity
level
of
a
distress
exists
in
a
localized
area,
count
the
entire area
at
the
highest
severity
level
present.
-
Note
existing
problems that
are
not included
in
the
lists
of
flashing
and
membrane
distresses
in
Section
C
(Evaluation
of
Rooftop
Conditions)
or
in
Section
D
(Remarks)
on
the reverse side
of
the
Roof
Inspection Worksheet
(Figure
6).
A
blank
copy
of
this
sheet
is
provided
in
Appendix
B.
-
Walk
the
interior
of
the
building
and
examine
the
ceiling
for
water
marks
or
other
evidence
of
problems.
Note rusting
or
other
signs
of
water penetration
in
Section
A
(Evaluation
of
Interior
Conditions)
on
the
reverse
side
of
the
Roof
Inspection Worksheet. Occupants
can
often
provide
valuable
information.
•
Walk
the
outside
of
the
building
and
look
for
water stains, efflorescence,
missing mortar,
spalled
brick,
and
gutter
and
drainage
problems.
Note
any
findings
in
Section
B
(Evaluation
of
Exterior
Conditions)
on
the
reverse
side
of
the
Roof
Inspection Worksheet.
MCI
and
FCI
Calculations
The MCI
and
FCI
of
a
roof
section
are
determined
from the
information
recorded on the
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet.
The calculations
are
completed
on
the
Roof
Section Rating
Form (Figure
7)
using
the
following
procedure.
A
blank
copy
of
the
Roof
Section
Rating
Form is
provided in
Appendix
B.
Determine
Deduct
Values
Use
information
from
the
Roof
Inspection Worksheet
to
complete the
heading
section
of
the
Roof
Section Rating
Form.
Transfer
the
quantities for
each
combination
of
distress
type
and
severity
level
to
the
Roof
Section
Rating
Form.
Flashing distresses
are
tabulated
on
the
left
side
of
the
page
and
membrane
distresses
on the
right.
Total
the
quantities
for
each
severity
of
each distress,
calculate
each
density
using the
equations
in
Chapters
3
and
4,
and
determine deduct values
(DV)
from
the
Deduct
Value
Curves
in
Appendix
A.
17

ROOF
INSPECTION
WORKSHEET
-
COMMENTS
INSTRUCTIONS:
Circle
rosponse,
i.e., Y
=
yes,
N
=
no
or
U
=
unknown
or
not observed.
If Y
(yes),
circle the
type
of
problem.
A.
EVALUATION
OF
INTERIOR
CONDITIONS
1.
Does
the
roof
leak?
Describe:
Ye
N U
2.
Are
there
water
stains
on:
)N U
a.
walls
c.
deck
e.
structural
elements
@ ceilings d. floor f. other:
3.
Do
structural
elements
show
any
of
the
following:
Y (D U
a.
cracks
d.
alteration
g.
physical
damage
b.
splits
e.
rotting
h.
insect
damage
c. spalling f. settlement i. other:
4.
Does
the
underside
of
the
deck
show
any
of
the
following:
Y
N
a.
rusting
c.
spalling
e.
sagging
b.
rotting
d.
cracks
f.
other
B.
EVALUATION
OF
EXTERIOR
CONDITIONS
1.
Do
the
exterior
walls
show
any
of
the
follwoing:
N
a.
cracks
c.
spalling
0
water
stains
b. rusting
d.
movement
f. other:
2.
Does
the
fascia
or
soffit
show
any
of
the
following:
Y 2
a.
cracks
c.
spalling
e.
water
stains
b. rusting d. peeling f. other:
3.
Do
the
gutters
or
downspouts
show
any
of
the
following:
N
a.
loose
c.
missing
e.
clogged
(
damaged
d.
disconnected
f.
other:
C.
EVALUATION
OF
ROOFTOP
CONDITIONS
1. Is
there
any
unauthorized,
unnecessary,
or
improperly
Y
installed
equipment
on
the
roof?
a.
equipment
c.
antennas
e.
cables
b. signs d. platforms f. other:
2.
Do
adjacent
parapet
walls
show
any
of
the
following:
N
a.
cracks
c.
cap
cracked
e.
sealant
flaws
b. spalling @
cap
missing
f. other:
D.
REMARKS:
Figure
6.
Reverse
Side
of
Roof
Inspection
Worksheet.
18

ROOF
SECTION
RATING
FORM
BUILDING
97
SECTION
_ _
DATE
Z_-/
JLL
/2
CALC.
BY
PER.
FLASHING
Z7/
FT"
FLASHING
K
6
CHKD.
BY
CURB
FLASIIING
70
FT
TOTAL
34/
FT"
AREA -
SQFT
c.
FL4
SHING
MEMBRANE
BF
BASE FL
-
MEM
DR-DRAIN
&
SC SP
-
SPLITS
SS
-
SYSTEM
SEC
BC
_
BASE
FL
-
METAL
RG
-
RIDGES
MS
-
MEM
SUPPORT
MC
METAL
CAP
HL
-
HOLES
PA
- PATCHING
EM
-EMBEDDED
MET
DS
-DEF
SEAMS
DV
-
DEB
&
VEG
FP
-
FLASHIED
PEN SC
- SURF
COAT
EQ
-
EQ
SUPPORT
PP
PITCH
PAN
MD-
MEM
DET
PD
-
PONDING
TYP
SV
QUANTITIES
TOT
DEN
DV
TYP
SV
QUANTITIES
TOT
DENIDV
bc
It
zo
Zo
,,
b
L.
40
4
, 4
vi
H
14H
1 t-l/ /,4
z
1;
i ;
H
!o
c
/1,4
ý.3
Cm
iol
1,7 Z.
?
,'
rl
/0
10
5 5i
13F
rk
Z59 i
D
C,; H
1•-
~
113
3e
a•
tt
/ .z' z,
r'ie.
4,
4
/.Z
4
CORRECTED
DEDUCT
VALUE
(CDV)
33
CORRECTED
DEDUCT
VALUE
(CDV)
38
FCI
=
100
-
CDV
=
_ _
MCI
=
100
-
CDV
=
_ _
FLASHING RATING
=
Gcob"
MEMBRANE
RATING
=
Go01>
Figure
7.
Roof
Section
Rating
Form.
19

Determine
Corrected
Deduct
Values
Tabulate
flashing deduct
values
in
descending
or(I.r
as
shown
in
Table
1.
Determine
the
sums
ol
flashing
deduct
values
(XDV)
and the
number
of
distresses
with
deduct
values
greater
than
I
(q),
then
use
these
two values
and
the
appropriate
graph
in
Appendix
A
to
determine corrected
deduct
values
(CDV)
for
the flashing
distresses.
Circle
the
maximum
value
of
CDV
as
shown
in
Table
1.
Repeat
this
process
using
the
appropriate graph
in
Appendix
A
to
determine
the
maximum
corrected
deduct
for
the
membrane.
Compute
Membrane
and Flashing
Condition
Indexes
Calculate
flashing
and
membrane
condition
indexes
using
the
following equations:
FCI
=
100
-
Max.
CDVfasg
MCI
=
100
-
Max.
CDVmembrae
Determine
Membrane
and
Flashing
Condition
Ratings
Determine
the
corresponding
descriptive
condition
ratings
from
Figure
1
for
both
indexes.
20

Table
1
Deduct
Values
in
Descending
Order
Flashing
(Distress
data
from
the
completed
Roof
Section
Rating
Form,
Figure
7)
DV
I')V
q
CDVnwhv
28
28
1
28
22
50
2
32
11
61
3 0
7
68
4
33
6
74
5
32
4 78
6
32
4
82
7 29
Maximum
CDV..
=
33
Membrane
(Distress
data
from
the completed
Roof
Section
Rating Form,
Figure
7)
DV
IDV
q
CDV
U,...
32 32
1 32
23
55
2
5
60
3 37
4 64
4
34
Maximum
CDVnm_
=
38
21

3
FLASHING
DISTRESSES
Index
Distress
Page
Base
Flashing
-
M
embrane
M
aterial
............................................. 23
Base
Flashing
-
Coated
M
etal
.................................................
28
Metal
Cap
Flashing
. ........................................................ 31
Em
bedded
Edge
M
etal
...................................................... 35
Flashed
Penetrations
........................................................ 39
P
itch
Panrs
. . .. . . .. . . . . .. . . ... .. . . .. . .. . .. . . ... .. . ... . .. . . .. . .. .. . . . .. . .. .
42
Interior
Drains
and
Roof
Level
Scuppers
.........................................
45
22

BASE
FLASHING,
MEMBRANE
MATERIAL
(BF)
Description:
Base
flashing
is
composed
of
membrane material
or
other
flexible
material.
The
base
flashing
extends
from
the
roof
surface
upward
above
the
plane
of
the
membrane
to
provide
a
SEALMT
watertight
termination
of
the
membrane.
METAL C
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following defects:
I.
Light
crazing
or
eroding
of
the
base
T
flashing.
2.
Top of
base
flashing
is
less than 6
in.
above
the
membrane.
3.
Nailing strip
or
flashing
batten
with
exposed
fasteners
is
less
than 6
in.
above
the
roof
surface.
4.
Seam
o;
side
lap
is
open
less
than
1/2
in.
5.
Flashing
has
repairs
made
with
compatible
materials.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following defects:
I.
Crazing
or
eroding
of
the
base
flashing that
has
worn
through
to
a
reinforcement or
scrim
sheet
or
down
to
another
layer
of
different
color,
or
has
resulted
in
obvious
loss
of
sheet
thickness.
2.
Slippage, wrinkling, blistering,
pulling, unbonding,
or
bridging
of
base
flashing
material
that
does
not allow
water
to
penetrate.
3.
The
presence
of
solvents,
oil,
or
other chemicals
with
deterioration
of
the
base
flashing
but
does
not
allow
water
to
penetrate.
4.
Flashing
has
repairs
made
with
dissimilar
materials.
5.
Seam
or
side
lap
is open
more
than
1/2
in.
but
does not allow
water
to
penetrate
the
flashing.
6.
Loose
or
missing termination
bar
where
no
counterflashing
is
used.
7.
Loose
or
missing
nailing
strip.
High:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
I.
Crazing or
eroding
of
the
base
flashing
that
has
worn
through
the
flashing
allowing
water
to
penetrate.
2.
Holes, splits,
or
tears
in
base
flashing,
allowing
water
to
penetrate.
3.
Exposed
gaps
at
top
of
the
base
flashing.
4.
Seam
or side lap
is
open
through
its
entire
width,
allowing
water
to
penetrate
the
flashing.
5.
Holes
through
the
base
flashing caused
by
solvents,
oil,
or
other
chemicals.
Measurement:
Measure
length
(ft)
of
base
flashing
having
the
above
conditions.
Holes,
open
side laps,
and seams
count
as
I
ft
each.
BASE
FLASHING,
MEMBRANE
MATERIAL
(BF)
23

Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem
Density
B
where
A
=
length
of
base flashing
defects
(ft)
B
=
total
length
of
flashing
on
roof
section
being
rated
(including
perimeter
flashings
and
flashings
for
penthouses,
courtyards,
and
curbed
projections).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing severity
level.
Causes:
1.
Flashing
splits
or
tears can
result
from
construction
defects,
mechanical damage,
material
shrinkage,
unattached
membrane pulling
the
flashing,
or
differential
movement
between
the
wall
and
the
deck.
2.
Slippage,
wrinkling,
or
pulling
of
base
flashing
may
result
from weak
or
no
attachment between
the flashing
and
the
substrate. This
can
result
from
any
of
the
following conditions:
-
adhesive
or
flashing material
was
improperly
applied
or
substrate
was
not properly
prepared,
-
adhesive
used
was
improper
type
or
poor
quality,
or
-
fasteners
were
improper
or
too
few
to
hold
flashing
to
the
substrate.
BFL2
BFL3
<Low Severity>
<Low Severity>
Top
of
base
flashing
is
less
than
6
in.
above
the
Nailing
strip
with
exposed
fasteners
is
less
than
membrane
6
in.
above the
roof
surface
BASE
FLASHING,
MEMBRANE
MATERIAL
(BF)
24

BFL4
BFMI
<Low Severity>
<Low
Severity>
Scam
is
open
less
than
1/2
in.
Crazing
or
eroding
of
base
flashing
through
to
another
layer
BFM2
BFM2
<Medium Severity>
<Medium
Severity>
Wrinkling
of
base
flashing Blistering
of
base
flashing
BASE
FLASHING,
MEMBRANE
MATERIAL
(BF)
25

BFM5
BFM6
<Medium
Sevenity>
<Medium
Sevenity>
Side
lap
is
openl
more than
112
in.
but
is
not
Loose
termination
har
where
no
countertlashing
allowing
water
to
penctrate
is
used
BFH
I
BFH2
<High
Sevenity>
<High
Severity>
Eroding
of
base
flashing
that
allows
water
to
Splits
in
the
base
flashing
penetrate
BASE
FLASHING,
MEMBRANE
MATERIAL
(BF)
26

BFH2
BFH3
<High Severity> <High
Severity>
Tears
in
the base flashing Exposed
gap
at
the
top
of
base
flashing
BFH3
<High
Severity>
Exposed
gap
at
top
of
base
flashing
on
ballasted
roof
BASE
FLASHING, MEMBRANE
MATERIAL
(BF)
27

BASE
FLASHING,
COATED
METAL
(BC)
Description:
Base
flashing
material
is
composed
of
membrane-coated
metal. The
metal
extends
from
the
roof
surface
upwards
above
the
plane
of
the mem-
brane
providing
a
watertight
termination
of
the
membrane.
,.T.. CAP
RA&ING
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
I.
Loss
of
protective
coating
or
light corro-
sion.
2.
Distortion
of
joint
covers.
3.
Top
of
flashing
is
less
than
6
in.
above
the
roof
surface.
4.
Exposed
fasteners.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
Joint
cover
is
unbonded
to
metal
base
flashing,
but
does
not
allow
water
to
penetrate.
2.
Coated
metal base
flashing
fasteners
are
loose.
3.
Coated
metal base flashing has
pulled
away
from
the
wall
or
curb
or
has lifted up
but
top
termination
is
watertight.
4.
Crazing
or
eroding
of
the
joint
cover
material that
has
not
worn
through
and
does
not
allow
water
to
penetrate.
5.
Coated
metal base
flashing has
repairs
made
with
dissimilar
materials.
High:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Holes
in
metal
base
flashing.
2.
Hole
in
joint
cover
or
unbonding
of
joint
cover
from
metal
base
flashing, allowing
water
to
penetrate.
3.
Exposed
gaps
at
top termination
of
the
base
flashing.
4.
Coated
metal base
flashing
has
pulled
away
from the wall
or
curb
or
has lifted up,
allowing
water
to
penetrate
(rate
full
section
of
metal,
normally
a
10-ft
length).
Measurement:
Measure
length
(ft)
of
base
flashing
having
the
above
conditions.
Holes,
open
side laps,
and
seams
count
as
1
ft
each.
Each
joint
cover
having a hole
is
counted
as
1
ft.
As
a
method
of
sampling
the
joint
covers
for
ballasted
systems,
determine
the
total
number
of
existing
joints
by
dividing
the
total
length
of
coated metal base
flashing
by
the
length
of
the
metal
sections
(usually
10
ft).
Every
fourth
joint
should
be
inspected
for
defects
in
the
cover
strip.
Count
the
number
of
inspected
joints
having
a specific
defect
and
multiply
by
4
to
determine
the
total
length
of
the
defect.
BASE
FLASHING,
COATED
METAL
(BC)
28

Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem
Density
B
where
A
=
length
of
base
flashing
defects
(ft)
B
=
total length
of
flashing
on
roof
section being
rated
(including perimeter
flashings
and
for
penthouses, courtyards,
and
curbed
projections).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated for
each
existing severity
level.
BCL1
BCH2
<Low
Severity>
<High
Severity>
Loss
of
protective
coating Split
in
joint
cover
allowing
water
to
penetrate
BASE
FLASHING,
COATED
METAL
(BC)
29

BCH4
<High
Severity>
Base flashing
has
pulled
away
from
curb,
allowing
water
to
penetrate
BASE
FLASHING,
COATED
METAL
(BC)
30

METAL
CAP
FLASHING
(MC)
Description:
Metal
cap flashing
includes
any
sheet
metal
that
serves
to
counterflash
or
cover
a
detail
such
as
a
parapet,
firewall,
roof
area
divider,
equip-
ment
curb,
raised
roof
edge,
or
an
expansion
joint,
protecting
the
top termination
of
the
base
flashing
and
shedding water
away
from
it.
The
metal
cap
flashing
should
be
free
to
expand
and
contract.
Note:
Not
all
single
plys
are
installed
with
counterflashing
to
protect
the
top
of
the
base
flashing.
I
SEALM,
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Loss
of
protective coating
or corrosion
without
holes.
2.
Top
of
counterflashing
or
metal coping
is
deformed
and
allows
water
to pond
on the
top.
3.
Metal
cap
flashing
is
deformed
but still
performing
its
function.
4.
Metal
cap
flashing
has
been
sealed to
base
flashing.
Medium:
Any
of
the following
defects:
1.
Corrosion
has
caused
holes
in
the metal on
a sloping
or
vertical
surface.
2.
Metal
cap flashing has
loose
fasteners,
failure
of
soldered
or
sealed
joints,
or
loss
of
attachment.
3.
Metal
cap
flashing
has
rough edges
that
are
in
contact
with
base
flashing.
High:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
Metal
cap
flashing
is
missing
or displaced
from
its
original
position.
2.
Corrosion
has caused
holes
in
the
metal
on
a
horizontal
surface.
3.
Metal
cap
flashing
has
open
joints
or missing
joint
covers
where
covers
were
originally
installed.
4. Sealant
at
reglet or
top
of
counterflashing
is
missing
or
no longer functional,
allowing
water
to
channel behind
it.
5.
Counterflashing
is
loose
at
the
top
allowing
water
to
channel
behind
it.
6.
Metal
cap
flashing
does
not extend over
top
of
base
flashing.
Measurement:
Measure
length
(ft)
of
metal
cap flashing having the
above
conditions.
Individual
defects
(i.e.,
joints,
holes)
count
as
1
ft
minimum.
METAL
CAP FLASHING
(MC)
31

Density:
A
A
x
100
=
Problem
Density
where
A
=
length
of
metal
cap
flashing
defects
(ft)
B
=
total
length
of
flashing on
roof
section
being
rated
(including perimeter
flashings
and
flashings for
penthouses,
courtyards,
and
curbed
projections).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
MCL1
MCLI
<Low
Severity>
<Low
Severity>
Corrosion
without
holes
Loss
of
protective
coating
METAL
CAP FLASHING
(MC)
32

I,?
MCL3
MCM2
<Low Severity>
<Medium Severity>
Metal
cap flashing
is
deformed
Metal
cap
flashing has loose
fasteners
MCM3 MCH2
<Medium Severity> <High Severity>
Metal
cap
flashing
has
rough
edges
that
are
in
Corrosion
holes
have
occurred
through
the
metal
contact
with
the
base
flashing on
a
horizontal surface
METAL
CAP
FLASHING
(MC)
33

MCH3
<High
Severity>
Metal
cap
flashing has
missing
joint
cover
METAL
CAP
FLASHING
(MC)
34

EMBEDDED
EDGE
METAL
(EM)
S1RPP
-IN SYS11E COATED
METATL SYSTEld
• lMEMBR~ANE
WEDE
TO
COATED
METAL
COATED
METAL
•-CONI~UO.S
CL.EAT
•-CON'INUOUS
U.,..AT
Description:
Embedded
edge metal
is
a
formed
strip
of
metal
at
the
edge
of
the
roof
that continues
down
the
vertical
part
of
the
wall
to
form
a
fascia
or drip
edge.
This stripped-in flashing provides
a
finished
termination for
the
roofing
membrane.
On
all
but
coated-metal
flashing
systems, the metal
is
placed
on
top
of
the
membrane
and
fastened
to
the
deck through
it.
To
make
that
area
watertight,
the
metal
is
covered
with
membrane or flashing
material
(i.e.,
it
is
stripped
in).
Coated
metal
systems
have
their
edge
metal
placed
before the
membrane.
The
membrane
is
adhered to
the
top
of
the
coated
metal,
thereby
eliminating
the
need
to
have
it
stripped
in.
A
formed
vertical
projection
(gravel
stop)
may
be
incorporated
to
prevent
ballast
from
rolling or
washing
off
the
roof.
Exterior
and
interior gutters, which
are
embedded
in
the
membrane,
are
considered
embedded
edge metal.
(An
interior
gutter
is
a
built-in
trough
of
metal
or
other
material
that
collects
water
from
the
roof
and carries
it
to
a
drain
or
downspout.)
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Loss
of
protective coating
or
light
corrosion.
2.
Termination
battens have
exposed fasteners.
3.
Stripping
material
is
open
less than
1/2
in.
4.
Distortion
of
joint
covers.
5.
For
coated
metal
edge
flashings
that
are
not
stripped
in,
membrane
is
open
less
than
1/2
in.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Joint
cover
is
unbonded
to
embedded
edge metal,
but does not allow water
to
penetrate.
2.
Nails
under stripping
material
are
backing
out.
3.
Stripping
material
is
crazing, checked,
or
cracked.
4.
Stripping
material
is
open
more
than
1/2
in.,
but
edge
metal fasteners
are
not
exposed.
5.
Loose
or
lifted
metal
with
deterioration
of
the
stripping
material.
EMBEDDED
EDGE
METAL
(EM)
35

6.
Embrittled
joint
stripping
material.
7.
The
entire
length
of
interior
gutter
is
rated
medium
as a
minimum
due
to
the
potential
for
leak
damage.
8.
For
coated
metal
edge
flashings
that
are
not stripped
in,
membrane
is
open more
than
1/2
in.
but
does
not allow
water
to
penetrate.
High:
Any
of
the
following defects:
I.
The stripping
material
is
missing
or
open and edge metal
fasteners
are
exposed, or
stripping
material
has
holes, cuts
or
tears,
allowing
water to
penetrate.
2.
Hole
in
joint
cover
or
unbonding
of
joint
cover
from
embedded
edge metal,
allowing
water
to
penetrate.
3.
Holes through
the
metal.
4.
Holes
associated
with
loose
or lifted
embedded
edge
metal.
5.
Holes
in
the
interior
gutter.
6.
For
coated
metal edge
flashings
that
are
not stripped
in,
membrane
is
open
allowing
water
to
penetrate.
Measurement:
Each
split
above
a
joint
is
counted
as
1
ft.
As
a
method
of
sampling
the
embedded
edge
metal
joints
for
ballasted systems, determine
the
number
of
joints
by
dividing
the
total
length
of
embedded
edge metal
flashing
by
the
length
of
the
edge
metal sections
(often
10
ft).
Gravel should
be
moved
at
every fourth
joint
and the
stripping
material
inspected
for
splits.
Count
the
number
of
inspected
joints
having
a
specific
defect
and
multiply
by
four
to
deterntine
the
total
length
of
the
defect.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem Density
B
where
A
=
length
of
embedded edge
metal
flashing defects
(ft)
B
=
total
length
of
flashing
on
roof
section
being rated
(including
perimeter
flashings
and
flashings
for
penthouses, courtyards,
and
curbed
projections).
Note:
A
problem density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
Causes:
1.
Splits
in
the
stripping
material and loose
stripping
material
are
caused
by:
-
insufficient or improper
nailing
of
the
metal,
allowing
it
to
move,
-
insufficient bonding
of
the
stripping
material
to
the
embedded
metal,
or
-
embrittlement
or
hardening
of
stripping material.
2.
Exposed
metal
flanges
can
result
from
stripping
material
deterioration or
the
flange
may
have
never
been
stripped-in.
3.
Loose or
lifted metal
edge
is
caused
by
insufficient
fasteninp,
rotting
or
lack
of
a
wood
perimeter nailer,
membrane
shrinkage,
or
high
winds.
EMBEDDED
EDGE
METAL
(EM)
36

EML4
EMM7
<Low
Severity>
<Medium
Severity>
Distortion
of
joint
cover
Interior
gutter
EMH
I
EMHI
<High Severity>
<High Severity>
Stripping
material
is
open
Stripping
material
is
tom
EMBEDDED
EDGE
METAL
(EM)
37

EMH2
<High
Severity>
Hole
in
joint
cover
EMBEDDED
EDGE
METAL
(EM)
38

FLASHED
PENETRATIONS
(FP)
PWYEFABMjCAU
SY'18d
AM
ASDLED
SYS1nN
PREFAMCED
SOT
f.ASHNO
aim
MEWBRANE
MAYMAI.
SEALANTSELN
Description:
This
category includes
pipes,
plumbing vent
stacks, flues,
ducts,
conduits,
guy
wires,
drain
sumps,
and
other penetrations
through
the
roof
membrane (excluding
pitch pans but
including
metal
curb-
ing
for
hatches
and
ventilators,
where
the
metal
flange
is
stripped
into
the
membrane or,
in
the
case
of
some
coated
metal flashing systems,
the
membrane
is
adhered
to
the
top
of
the
coated
metal
flange,
thereby
eliminating
the
need
to
have
it
stripped
in).
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Flashing
sleeve
is
deformed.
2.
Stripping
material,
boot,
or
membrane
(for coated
metal
flashing sleeves)
is
open
less
than
1/2
in.
3.
Top
of
flashing
is
less
than
6
in.
above
the
membrane.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Stripping
material
is
crazing,
checked,
or
cracked.
2.
Stripping
material,
boot,
or
membrane
(for coated
metal
flashing
sleeves)
is
open more
than
1/2
in.
but
does
not
allow
water
to
penetrate
the flashing.
3.
Top
of
flashing
sleeve
or boot
is
not
sealed
or
is
not rolled
down into
the
existing
plumbing
vent
stack.
4.
Clamping
band
is
loose
or
missing
(where
required).
5.
Umbrella
is
open
or
no
umbrella
is
present
(where
required).
6.
Corrosion
of
metal
or
delamination
of
coating.
High:
Any
of
the following
defects:
1.
Stripping
material has
holes, cuts,
or
tears.
2.
Stripping
material,
boot, or
membrane
(for
coated
metal
flashing
sleeves)
is
open,
allowing
water
to penetrate.
FLASHED
PENETRATIONS
(FP)
39

3.
Holes, cuts,
or
tears
in
flashing sleeve
or
metal
curb.
4.
No
flashing
sleeve present.
5.
Incompatible
flashing
material
has
been
used.
Measurement:
Count
each
small
distressed
flashed
penetration
as
1
ft
at
the
highest
severity level
present.
For
metal
curbs
and
ducts
with
more than
1
ft
of
perimeter,
measure
the
length
(in
ft)
of
the
distressed
perimeter.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem Density
B
where
A
=
length
of
distressed
flashed
penetrations
(ft)
B
=
total
length
of
flashing
on
roof
section being
rated
(including
perimeter
flashings
and
flashings
for
penthouses, courtyards,
and
curbed
projections).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated for
each
existing severity
level.
FPL2 FPL3
<Low
Severity>
<Low
Severity>
Stripping
material
is
open
less
than
1/2
in.
Top
of
flashing
is
less
than
6
in.
above the
ballasted
roof
surface
FLASHED
PENETRATIONS
(FP)
40

FPL3
FPH2
<Low
Severity>
<High Severity>
Top
of
flashing
is
less
than
6
in.
above the
Stripping
material
is
open
membrane
FPH4
<High
Severity>
No
flashing
sleeve
present
FLASHED
PENETRATIONS
(FP)
41

PITCH
PANS
(PP)
COATED
MTAL
SYSIIIlS
%MpPW
-.
4N
SS1B4
SUDFLL
SLOPD
RLL
SCOATED
MELTAL DAM4
METAL
DAM
MEMtBRANE
W4ELDED
TO
STIPN
1MTRA
META
FLSNO
Description:
A
pitch
pan
is
a
flanged
metal
sleeve piaceu
around a
roof-penetration element
and
tuieu
with
a
sealer.
For
pitch pans
on
ethylene-propylene-diene
monomer (EPDM) and
Hypalon
roofing
sys-
tems,
stripping
material
should
cover
the
sides
of
the metal
pan
and
terminate
within
the pan
below
the
sealer.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
t.
All
pitch
pans
are
low
severity
at
a
minimum
due
to
the
maintenance
requirements.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
Stripping
material
is
crazing, checked,
or
cracked.
2.
Stripping
material
or
membrane
(on
coated
metal pitch
pans)
is
open more than
1/2
in.
but
does
not
allow
water
to
penetrate
the
flashing.
3.
Loss
of
protective coating or
corrosion
of
metal.
4.
For
EPDM
and
Hypalon, stripping material
is
not
covering
the
top
of
the metal
pan
or
does
not
terminate
below
the
sealer.
High:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Stripping
material
has
holes,
cuts,
or
tears,
allowing
water
to
penetrate through.
2.
Edge
of
stripping
material
or
membrane
(on
coated
metal pitch pans)
is
open,
allowing
water
to penetrate.
3.
Sealer
is
below
the
metal
rim,
allowing ponding
in
the
pan.
4. Sealer
has
cracked or
separated from
the
pan or
penetration.
5.
Corrosion
through
the metal
pan.
PITCH
PANS
(PP)
42

Measurement:
Each
distressed pitch
pan should
be
counted
once
at
the
highest
severity
level
present.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem Density
B
where
A
=
number
of
distressed
pitch
pans
(ea)
B
=
total
length
of
flashing
on
roof
section being
rated
(including
perimeter
flashings
and
flashings for
penthouses,
courtyards,
and
curbed
projections).
Note:
A
problem density
is
calculated for
each
existing
severity
level.
PPL
1
PPM3
<Low Severity>
<Mediumn
Severity>
Pitch
pan
installed
and
maintained
correctly
Loss
of
protective coating
PITCH
PANS
(PP)
43

PPM4
PPH-3
<Metdiumn
Severity>
<High
Severity>
Stripping
material
is
not
covering
metal
pan
onl
Scaler
is
below
metal
rim
an
EPDM
system
PITCH
PANS
(PP)
44

INTERIOR
DRAINS
AND
ROOF
LEVEL
SCUPPERS
(DR)
Description:
A
drain
is
a
penetration
of
the
roof
membrane
that
allows
water
to
flow
into a piped
drainage
system.
The
drain
fixture
at the
roof
has
a
flange
and/or
clamping
arrangement to
which
the
MOMMM
roofing membrane
is
attached. Stripping
material
may
also
be
present
at
the
drain.
A
scupper
is
a
channel
through
a
parapet
or
raised
roof
edge
that
is
designed
to
drain
the
roof.
Roof-level
scuppers are
for
primary
drainage. Elevated
(overflow)
scuppers
are
for
emergency drainage.
I"'--
&W
Note:
Most
single-ply roofing
systems
do
not
re-
quire
stripping
material
around
the
drain.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Field
seam
within
1
ft
of
a
drain or
roof-level
scupper.
2.
Stripping
material
or membrane
is
open
less than
1/2
in.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
I.
Stripping
material
is
crazing, checked,
or
cracked.
2.
Stripping
material
or
membrane
is
open
1/2
in.
or
more,
but
does
not
allow
water
to
penetrate.
3.
Strainer
is
broken
or
missing.
SScupper
shows
loss
of
protective coating
or
start
of
metal
corrosion.
5.
Drain
has
a
field
seam
in
the
clamping
ring.
High:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
I.
Stripping
material
has
holes, cuts,
or
tears, allowing water
to
penetrate.
2.
Stripping
material
or
membrane
is
open,
allowing
water
to penetrate.
3.
Clamping
ring
is
loose
or
missing from
drain
or
bolts
are
missing.
4.
Drain
is
clogged.
5.
Scupper
is
broken
or contains
holes.
6.
Holes,
cuts,
tears,
or
abrasions through the membrane
within
2 ft
of
the
drain
or
scupper.
Measurement:
Each distressed
drain and
scupper
should
be counted
once
at
the
highest
severity
level
present.
INTERIOR
DRAINS
AND
ROOF LEVEL
SCUPPERS
(DR)
45

Density:
A
Sx
100
=
Problem Density
where
A
=
number
of
distressed interior drains
and
roof
level
scuppers
B
=
total length
of
flashing
on
roof
section being
rated
(including
perimeter
flashings
and
flashings for
penthouses,
courtyards,
and
curbed
projections).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated for
each
existing
severity
level.
41-
DRLI
DRM5
<Low
Severity>
<Medium
Severity>
Field
seam
is
within
1
ft
of
a
drain
Drain
has
a
field seam
in
the
clamping
ring
INTERIOR
DRAINS
AND
ROOF
LEVEL
SCUPPERS
(DR)
46

<High
Severity>
<High
Sevenity>
Membrane
is
not
clamped, allowing
water
to
Clamping
ring
is
broken
penetrate
'
SM
DRH3
DRH4
<High Severity>
<High Severity>
Bolts
are
missing
from
clamping
ring
Drain
is
clogged
INTERIOR
DRAINS
AND)
ROOF
LEVEL
SCUPPERS
(DR)
47

DRH6
<High Severity>
Membrane
tear
within
2
ft
of
drain
INTERIOR
DRAINS
AND
ROOF
LEVEL SCUPPERS
(DR)
48

4
MEMBRANE
DISTRESSES
Index
Distress
Page
S
p
lits
..................................................................
50
R
idges
.... . . . ..........................................................
52
Holes,
Cuts,
and
Abrasions
...................................................
54
Defective
Seam
s
.......................................................... 57
Surface
Coating Deterioration
.................................................
61
M
em
brane
Deterioration
.....................................................
63
System
Securement
Deficiencies
...............................................
65
Membrane
Support Deficiencies
...............................................
69
Patching
.....
......... ............................ ........... ......... ..
7
1
Debris
and
Vegetation
......................................................
73
Improper Equipment Supports
.................................................
76
Ponding
.. .. .................. ....... ................. ........... .......
78
49

SPLITS
(SP)
Description:
Splits
are
cracks
or
tears
that
extend through
the
membrane. They
vary
in
length
from
a
few
inches
to
the
length
of
the
roof
and
in
wiJth
from
hair-line
to
more
than
I
.a.
Note:
Cuts
are
rated
as
Holes,
Cuts,
and
Abrasions
('HL)
distresses.
Severity
Levels:
High:
1.
All
splits
in
the
membrane
are
considered
high severity
due
to
their
leak
potential.
Measurement:
Measure
length
of
split.
Density:
A
A
x
100
=
Problem Density
where
A
=
total length
of
membrane
splits
(ft)
B
=
total area
of
roof
section
being
rated
(sq
ft).
Causes:
1.
Membrane
shrinkage
or embrittlement.
2.
Movement
of
the
substrate.
3.
Warping
of
insulation boards.
4.
Thermal contraction
of
the
membrane.
SPLITS
(SP)
50

-z
4 -J
0,
w
r"r
SPH
I
SPH
I
<High
Severity> <High
Severity>
Membrane
split
Membrane
split
on
ballasted
roof
SPLITS
(SP)
51

RIDGES
(RG)
Description:
Ridges
are
long,
narrow (usually
less
than
3
in.).
raised
portions
of
the
roof
membrane.
Usually
ridges
occur
directly
above
the
insulation
board
joints.
Note:
Wrinkles
in
the
membrane
are
no[
rated
as
ridges.
Wrinkles
that
block
drainage
and
cause
ponding
are
rated
as
Ponding
(PD).
Wrinkles
occurring
on
fully-adhered systems
are
rated
as
System
Securement
Deficiencies
(SS).
Severity
Levels:
Low:
1.
All
ridges
are
rated
low
severity
as a
minimum.
High:
1.
Open breaks
have
developed
in
the
ridge
allowing
water
to
penetrate.
Measurement:
Measure
length
of
ridges
running
in
all
directions.
When
many
ridges
are
present, the
representative
sampling technique
may
be
used.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem
Density
B
where
A
=
total length
of
membrane
ridges
(ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing severity
level.
Causes:
Ridging
can
result
from
internally generated moisture collecting
at
insulation
joints
and
affecting
the
membrane
or
from
movement
of
the
substrate.
RIDGES
(RG)
52

AW
RGL
1
RGH1
<Low Severity> <High
Severity>
Watertight
ridges
having
no open breaks Open
breaks
have
developed
in
the ridge
RIDGES
(RG)
53

HOLES,
CUTS,
AND
ABRASIONS
(HL)
Description:
Holes and cuts
are
membrane distresses
caused
by
physical abuse from
tools,
traffic,
debris,
gravel,
wind,
etc.,
or
manufacturing defects
such
as
pinholes.
Holes
and
cuts
can
be
of
various
shapes
and
sizes. Abrasion
is
physical damage
that
has
roughened
or
worn the
membrane
surface.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
1.
Surface scratches
or
abrasions
with
no
significant
loss
of
membrane thickness.
Medium:
i.
Cuts,
gouges,
or
abrasions
with
loss
of
membrane
thickness
but not
fully
penetrating
the
membrane.
High:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Holes, cuts,
gouges,
or
abrasions that penetrate
the
membrane.
2.
Holes through
the
membrane
caused
by
underlying
mechanical
fasteners.
Measurement:
1.
Count
the
total
number
of
scratches, gouges, holes,
and
cuts
in
the
membrane.
If
the
dista,,ce
between distresses
is
less than
1
ft,
count
the
distresses
as
one.
If
the
distress
is
longer
than
I
ft,
measure
the
length. Measure
area
of
abrasion
in
square
feet.
2.
When
large
quantities
of
this problem
are
present,
the
representative sampling technique
may
be
used.
Density: A
A
x
100
=
Problem
Density
where
A
=
total
number and/or
length
of
membrane
scratches, gouges,
holes
and
cuts
(ft)
or
total area
of
abrasion
(sq
ft)
B
=
total area
of
roof
section
being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note: A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
Causes:
1 Roof
traffic.
2.
Debris.
3.
Broken or
sharp ballast, especially
at
wrinkled
areas.
4.
Manufacturing
defects
such
as
pinholes.
5.
Mechanical fasteners.
6.
Wind-borne
objects.
HOLES,
CUTS,
AND
ABRASIONS
(HL)
54

HLH
HL
I
I
I
FILL
1
HLMI1
<Low
Scverity> <Medium
Severity>
Surface scratches
and
abrasions
Gouges
nlot
penetrating
the
membrane
p
ILHI
1
HLH
I
<High
Severity>
<High Severity>
Cut
penetrating
the
.aembrane
Membrane
hole
HOLES,
CUTS,
AND
ABRASIONS
(HL)
55

I -
HL12
HLH2
<Hligh
Severity>
<High
Severity>
Nail
protruding through
membrane
Screw
backing
out
through membrane
HOLES.
CUTS,
AND
ABRASIONS
(HL)
56

DEFECTIVE
SEAMS
(DS)
Description:
Defective
seams
include
incomplete,
damaged,
or
weak
seams that
join
two
sheets
of
a
membrane.
Note:
For
EPDM
and polyvinyl chloride
(PVC)
membranes,
all
field
seams
should
have
lap
sealant
at the
edges.
All
other
membranes should
have lap
sealant
at
cut
edges
of
seams
that have
exposed
reinforcement
material.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
Missing
lap
sealant
at
field
seam
(EPDM
and
PVC membranes
only).
2.
Missing
lap
sealant
at
field seam
which
has
exposed
reinforcement
material
at
seam
edge
(usually
at end
laps
and
field-cut
edges
of
sheets).
3.
Seam
is
open less than
1/2
in.
4.
Wrinkling
at seam
that
is
watertight.
5.
Seam
intersections
(e.g.,
T-joints)
on
EPDM
that
do
not
have
a
patch
covering them.
6.
Blisters
within
the seam.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Seam
is
open
1/2
in.
or
more,
but
does
not
allow
water
to
penetrate
the
membrane.
2.
Pinch wrinkle
at
seam.
High:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Seam
is
open
through
its
entire depth, allowing
water
to
penetrate.
2.
Fishmouths,
wrinkles,
or
bunches
at
the
seam
that
allow
water
to penetrate.
Measurement:
For
exposed
membranes (no overlying
ballast),
inspect
all
seams visually.
For
ballasted
roofs,
check
field
seams
at five
different
locations
on the
roof
section.
Clear
ballast
from
5
ft
of
the seam at each
location
then clean
the
exposed
seam
with a
whisk
broom.
If
all
checked
seams
are
without
defects,
assume
the remaining
field
seams
are
satisfactory.
If
any
defects
are
found,
use the
following sampling
technique:
I.
For
roof
sections
with
sheet widths
of
10
ft or
less,
inspect
2
percent
of
the
total length
of
field
seams
(2
ft every
100
ft
of
seam).
For
roof
sections
having sheet widths
greater
than
10
ft,
inspect
4
percent
of
the total
length
of
field seams
(2
ft
every
50
ft
of
seam).
Measure length
of
each
specific
seam
defect found.
2.
Extrapolate
to
determine
the
total length
of
seam
defects
for
the entire
roof
section
from
the
total
length
of
defect
found.
When
2
percent
of
the
seams are
inspected,
multiply
the
actual
defect
length
by
50 to compute
total
length
of
defect.
When
4
percent
of
the
seams
are
inspected, multiply
actual defect
length
by
25
to
compute
total length
of
defect.
DEFECTIVE
SEAMS
(DS)
57

Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem Density
B
where
A
=
total
length
of
defective seams
(ft)
B
=
total area
of
roof
section being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
Causes:
1.
Seams
improperly
made.
2.
Seams damaged
in
use.
3.
Wrinkles
in
the
membrane
at
the
seam.
DSL1
DSL2
<Low
Severity>
<Low
Severity>
Missing
lap
sealant Missing
lap
sealant with exposed reinforcement
material
DEFECTIVE
SEAMS
(DS)
58

DSL3
DSL4
<Low Severity>
<Low Severity>
Seam
is
open
less
than
1/2
in.
Wrinkling
at
seam
DSL5
DSL6
<Low Severity>
<Low Severity>
EPDM
seam
intersection
does
not
have
a
patch Blisters within
seam
DEFECTIVE
SEAMS
(DS)
59

Ak
DSM
I
DSM2
<MNediumi
Severity>
<Medium Sevenity>
Seam
is
open
more than
1/2
in.
Pinch wrinkle
at
the
seam
DSH
I
<High
Severity>
Seam
is
open
through
its
entire depth
DEFECTIVE
SEAMS
(DS)
60

SURFACE COATING
DETERIORATION
(SC)
Description:
Surface
coating
deterioration
includes
wear,
blistering,
or
peeling
of
any
surface
coating
applied
for
fire
protection
(such
as
adhesive coating
and
sand
on
an
EPDM
membrane) or
solar
reflectivity,
but
not
waterproofing.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
1.
Color
of
underlying
membrane
can
be
seen through
the
coating
or
membrane
has
lost
coating
protection
(for
membrane with
coating
protection
that
does
not
have sand
or
mineral
matter
embedded).
Medium:
I.
Membrane
area
has
lost
the
sand
or
mineral
matter portion
of
the
coating
protection
(for
membrane
with coating
protection
that has
sand
or
mineral
matter
embedded).
Measurement:
1.
Measure the
square
feet
of
each
affected
area
and
rate
at
the
highest
severity
level
present.
2.
When
large
quantities
of
this problem
are
present,
the
representative
sampling technique
may
be
used.
Density:
A
Sx
100
=
Problem
Density
T
where
A
=
total
area
of
surface
coating
deterioration
(sq
ft).
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity level.
Causes:
1.
Weathering.
2.
Roof
traffic.
3. Poor
adherence
of
coating
to
membrane
due
to
material
or
application
problems.
SURFACE
COATING
DETERIORATION
(SC)
61

SCL
1
SCM I
<Low Severity>
<Medium
Severity>
Loss
of
protective coating
Loss
of
protective
sand
coating
SURFACE
COATING
DETERIORATION
(SC)
62

MEMBRANE
DETERIORATION
(MD)
Description:
This
category includes
erosion
or
crazing
of
the
membrane.
Erosion
is
the
wearing
away
of
the
membrane
surface creating
a
rough texture.
Crazing
is
hairline cracking
of
the
membrane.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
1.
Light
crazing
of
the membrane
surface.
Medium:
1.
Crazing
or
eroding
of
the
membrane
surface
that
has
worn
through
to
a
reinforcement
or
scrim
sheet
or
down
to
another layer
of
different
color,
or
has
resulted
in
obvious
loss
of
sheet
thickness.
High:
1.
Crazing
or eroding
of
the membrane
surface
that
has
worn
through
the
membrane allowing
water
to
penetrate.
Measurement:
I.
Measure
the square
feet
of
each affected
area
and
rate at
the
highest
severity
level
present.
2.
When
large
quantities
of
this problem
are
present,
the
representative
sampling
technique
may
be
used.
Density: A
Sx
100
=
Problem
Density
B
where
A
= total area
of
the
membrane
deterioration
(sq ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section being
rated (sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
MEMBRANE
DETERIORATION
(MD)
63

MDLI
MDLI
<Low Severity>
<Low
Severity>
I
ight
crazing
of
mnembrane
surflace
Light
crazing
of
membrane
shown
bý
-olor
change
;No-.-.-.-.
.
-rdngo
mebae wt exoedscri Sci cmlteyexoe
MEMBRANEa DEERIORATION (MD)
o
0 0 C 0
*
S 0 S
s64

SYSTEM
SECUREMENT
DEFICIENCIES
(SS)
Description:
For
fully
adhered
membranes,
system
securement
deficiencies
include
membrane
areas
(including
blisters)
that
are
unattached
to the
substrate.
For
mechanically attached
membranes,
this
category
includes
failed
mechanical
fasteners. For
partially
adhered
membranes,
the
category
includes
membrane
that
is
not
adhered
at
points
of
attachment.
For ballasted
membranes,
the
membrane
has
areas
where ballast
is
missing
or
displaced.
Note:
Holes
in
the
membrane
caused
by
mechanical fasteners
are
rated
as
Holes
(HL).
Note:
If
ballast
is
redistributed
by
the
inspector
to
cover
bare
areas,
these areas
should
not
be
counted
as
defects.
Note:
For
defect
definitions,
"building
perimeter"
is
the
area
within
10
ft
of
a
roof
edge. These
areas
experience
high
wind
uplift pressures.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
For
fully
adhered
systems,
an
area
of
unattached
membrane
or
substrate
of
2
sq
ft
or
less.
2.
For
ballasted
systems,
a
bare
area
of
4
sq
ft
or
less.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
For
fully
adhered
systems,
an
area
of
unattached
membrane
or
substrate
of
greater
than
2
sq
ft
but
less
than
100
sq
ft
(less
than
25
sq
ft
at
building
perimeter).
2.
For
mechanically
attached systems,
an
isolated mechanical
fastener
that has
lost
its
attachment
capability
or
backed
out causing
bridging
of
the
membrane.
3.
For
partially
adhered
systems,
an
isolated
point
of
attachment that
has
lost
adherence.
4.
For
ballasted systems,
a
bare
area
of
greater
than
4
but
less
than
100
sq
ft
(less
than
25
sq
ft
at
building
perimeter).
High:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
For
fully
adhered
systems,
an
area
of
unattached
membrane
or
substrate
100
sq
ft
or
greater
(25
sq
ft
at
building perimeter).
2.
For
mechanically
attached
systems,
adjacent mechanical fasteners that
have
lost
their
attachment
capability
or
backed
out
causing bridging
of
the
membrane.
3.
For
partially
adhered
systems,
adjacent
points
of
attachment
that have
lost
adherence.
4.
For
ballasted
systems,
a
bare
area
of
100
sq
ft
or
greater
(25
sq
ft
at
building perimeter).
Measurement:
1.
Measure
square
feet
of
membrane
having
the
above
conditions.
For
mechanically
fastened
and
partially
adhered systems,
count
the
effective
area
of
unattached membrane.
2.
When
large
quantities
of
this
problem
are
present,
the
representative
sampling technique
may
be
used.
SYSTEM
SECUREMENT
DEFICIENCIES
(SS)
65

Density:
Ax
100
=
Problem
Density
where
A
=
total
area
of
attachment
defects
(sq
ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section
being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing severity
level.
Causes:
1.
Overdriven,
underdriven, or
crooked
placement
of
fasteners.
2.
Membrane
was
adhcred
before
the
solvent
had flashed
off
from the
contact
adhesive.
3.
Wind
damage.
4.
Traffic
damage.
5.
Moisture
within
the
system.
~ire
-~ ~ ~ ~ W -:00,~f -
1' 6
SSL
I
SSL2
<Low
Severity>
<Low
Severity>
Unattached membrane
of
less
than
2
sq
ft
Ballasted
system.
bare
area
of
less
than
4
sq
ft
SYSTEM
SECUREMENT
DEFICIENCIES
(SS)
66

SSMI
SSM2
<Medium
Severity> <Medium
Severity>
Unattached
membrane
of
more
than
2
sq
ft
but
Unattached
mechanical
fastener
less
than
100
sq
ft
&/
lw.~ ~
,-,
.:
- .. .-.
SSM4
SSH
1
<Medium Severity> <High
Severity>
Ballasted
system,
bare
area
of
less
than
25
sq
ft
Unattached
membrane
greater
than
1X)
sq
ft
at
building
perimeter
SYSTEM
SECUREMENT
DEFICIENCIES
(SS)
67

--- ~4 Io•
"
SS
H2
SSH4
<High
Severity>
<High
Severity>
Adjacent
mechanical fasteners
have
lost
their
Ballasted system,
bare area
more than
1
)0
sq ft
attachment
capability
SYSTEM
SECUREMENT
I)EFICIENCIES
(SS)
68

MEMBRANE
SUPPORT
DEFICIENCIES
(MS)
Description:
The
surface
on which the
membrane
rests
may
not
be
smooth
and
continuous.
For
fully
adhered
membranes,
partially
adhered
membranes,
and
mechanically
attached
membranes, this category
includes
warping,
bowing,
or
shrinkage
of
insulation
boards.
For ballasted
membranes,
it
includes
dis-
placed
insulation
boards.
Localized
absence
of
membrane
support may
be
due
to
missing
components
below.
Note:
Mechanical
fastener
defects
and
loose
insulation
boards
are
rated
as
System
Securement
Deficiencies
(SS).
Severity
Levels:
Low:
Any
of
the following
defects:
1.
Membrane
tension
caused
by
warping
or
bowing
of
substrate.
2.
Uneven
joints
or
gaps more than
1/2
in.
wide,
but
less
than
2
in.
between
insulation
boards.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Uneven
joints
or
gaps more
than
2
in.
wide
between insulation
boards
or
absence
of
substrate
support
for
width
of
2
in.
or
more.
2.
For
ballasted
systems,
insulation boards
have
been
displaced.
3.
Lumps
indicating presence
of
foreign
material
between
membrane
and
substrate.
Measurement:
1.
Measure square
feet
of
membrane
area
having the
above
conditions.
2.
When
many
of
these
deficiences
are
present,
the
representative
sampling
technique
may
be
used.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem
Density
B
where
A
=
total
area
of
membrane support distress
(sq
ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section
being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity level.
Causes:
I.
Poor
attachment
of
substrate.
2.
Dimensional instability
of
insulation, decking,
or
other
support materials.
3.
Wind
displacement
of
insulation
boards.
4.
Construction debris.
MEMBRANE
SUPPORT
DEFICIENCIES
(MS)
69

NISL1
MSMI
<Low Severity>
<Medium
Severity>
Membranc
tension
caused
by
warping
or
bowing Uneven
support
more than
2
in,
wide
of
the
substrate
MSM2
MS
NI3
<Medium
Severity> <Medium
Severity>
Insulation
boards have
been
displaced
Lumps
indicating
foreign
material
MEMBRANE
SUPPORT
DEFICIENCIES
(MS)
70

PATCHING
(PA)
Description:
Patching
is
a
localized
temporary
or
permanent
repair
of
the
membrane
using
dissimilar
materials.
Repairs
made
with
similar
materials
are
not
counted
as
patches;
distresses
associated
with
these
repairs should
be
recorded
in
the
appropriate category (often defective
seams)
and
not
as
patching
distresses.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
1.
All
patches
that
are
not made with
similar
materials
as
that
of
the
original
construction
are rated
as
low
severity
as a
minimum.
Medium:
1.
All
patches
made with
temporary materials
(i.e.,
duct
tape.
caulkings,
and
sealants)
are
rated
medium
severity
as a
minimum.
High:
1.
Other distresses
of
high severity
are
present
within the
patched
area
(count
as
patching distress
only).
Measurement:
1.
Measure square
feet
of
each
patch having
the
above
conditions.
2.
When
large
quantities
of
this
problem
are
present,
the
representative
sampling technique
may
be
used.
Density: A
Sx
100
=
Problem
Density
where
A
=
total
area
of
patching
(sq
ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
PATCHING
(PA)
71

PAL
I
PAH
I
<LowA
Severitv>
<High
Severity>
Patch
made
with
dissimilar
material
Other distresses
(i.e..
fishniouths)
alonlg
edge
of
patch
PATCHING
(PA)
72

DEBRIS
AND
VEGETATION
(DV)
Description:
Debris and vegetation
includes
the
presence
of
foreign
objects,
vegetation,
fungal growth,
solvents,
oils,
or other chemicals
that
could
damage, puncture,
or
degrade
the
membrane.
Note:
Accumulation
of
oils
and grease
can present
a
significant
fire
hazard and
should
be
reported
immediately.
Note:
Do not
rip
out
vegetation that
is
growing
into
the
waterproofing
system,
as
that
may
allow
water
to
penetrate.
Severity
Levels:
Medium:
Any
of
the following defects:
I.
Vegetation
that
has
not
penetrated
the
membrane.
2.
Degradation
of
the
membrane caused
by
solvents,
oil,
or
other
chemicals.
3.
Foreign
materials
that
are
not removed
from
the
roof
during
the
inspection.
High:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
Vegetation that
has penetrated
the
membrane.
2.
Degradation
of
the
membrane
caused
by
solvents,
oil,
or other chemicals allowing
water
to
penetrate.
Measurement:
Measure square
feet
of
debris
and
vegetation having
the
above
conditions.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem Density
B
where
A =
total
area
of
debris
and
vegetation
(sq
ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section
being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
Causes:
Lack
of
preventative maintenance.
DEBRIS
AND
VEGETATION
(DV)
73

DV\I IDVM%2
<MIedium
Severity>
<Meldiumi
Severity'>
Vegetation
that
has~
not
penctrated
the
mcmhrance
Degradation
ol
membrane
caused
by
solvents
or
oil
DVNI
DVH
I
<Medlium
Severitv>
<Hligh
Se%,erity>
Foreign materials
that
were not
removed
dlurnng
Veoctation
that
has
penetrated
the
mcnmbrane
inspectlion
DEBRIS
AN)
VEGETATION
(DV)
74

DVH2
<High
Severity>
Degradation
of
membrane
by
oils
has
caused
a
hole.
allowing
water
to
penetrate
DEBRIS
AND
VEGETATION
(DV)
75

IMPROPER
EQUIPMENT SUPPORTS
(EQ)
Description:
Improper equipment supports
or
pipes,
conduits,
and
mechanical
equipment supports
(wood
sleepers, channels,
etc.)
that
are
placed
directly
on
the
membrane
with
no
protective
pad
or
are not
placed
high
enough
to allow
for
maintenance
of
the
membrane
below
the
equipment. Repairing
this
distress
may
require
replacing
the
surrounding
insulation
and
membrane.
Note:
Terminations
for
guy
wires
are
rated
as
Flashed
Penetration
(FP)
distresses.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
1.
All
improper equipment
supports
are
rated
low
severity
as
a
minimum
due
to
the
maintenance
problems
associated
with
them.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
I.
Movement
of
the
support
has
displaced
the
membrane
but
has
not
cut
or
punctured
it.
2.
Equipment
is
bolted
through
the
membrane
but
the
membrane
is
sealed
and
watertight.
High:
Any
of
the
following defects:
1.
Movement
of
support has cut
or
punctured
the
roof
membrane.
2.
The equipment
is
bolted
through
the
membrane
and
the
membrane
is
not
sealed,
allowing
water
to
penetrate.
Measurement:
Measure
square
feet
of
each
improper
equipment support.
The
minimum
dimensions
for
length
and
width
of
a
support
shall
be
1
ft.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem
Density
B
where
A
=
total area
of
improper equipment supports
(sq
ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
Causes:
I.
Inadequate design.
2.
Poor construction.
IMPROPER
EQUIPMENT
SUPPORTS
(EQ)
76

EQL
I
EQL
I
<Low
Severity>
<Low
Severity>
Equipment
stand
supported
by
wood
blocking
Pipe
supported
by
wood
blocks
EQL
I
EQH
Il
<Low
Severity>
<High
Severity>
improper
equipment
supports
Movement
of
support
has
cut
the
membrane
IMPROPER
EQUIPMENT
SUP'PORTS
(EQ)
77

PONDING
(PD)
Description:
Ponding
includes
standing
water or
evidence
of
standing
water
by
the
presence
of
staining
or
accumulation
of
debris.
Water
that
remains longer
than 48 hr
is
considered ponded
water.
Severity
Levels:
Low:
I.
General ponding
is
rated
low
severity.
Medium:
Any
of
the
following
defects:
1.
Ponding
caused
by
wrinkies
or folds
in
the
membrane
that
block
drainage.
2.
Ponding
caused
by
warping or bowing
of
the
substrate
beneath
the
membrane.
Measurement:
Measure
square
feet
of
affected
are,.
Density:
A
x
100
=
Problem Density
B
where
A
=
total
area
of
ponding
(sq
ft)
B
=
total
area
of
roof
section
being
rated
(sq
ft).
Note:
A
problem
density
is
calculated
for
each
existing
severity
level.
Causes:
1.
Improper
design
or
construction.
2.
Irregularities
Qf
membrane
surface.
3.
Clogged
roof
drains
or
scuppers.
4.
Deck
deflection.
PONDING (PD)
78

*D I.
<\Ilediui
Svei
*odn casdb rnls&rflsi h
*4nit ail
PODNG(D
I ~
79

METRIC
CONVERSION
TABLE
I
ft =
0.305
m
1
sq
ft
=
0.0929
m2
I
in.
=
25.4
mm
REFERENCES
Badilcy.
D.M,
D.
Brotherson,
and
W.
Tobiasson,
ROOFER:
A
Management
Toolfor
Maintaining
Built-up
Roofs,
USACERL
Technical
Manuscript
M-90/02/ADA214032
(USACERL. October
1989).
Bailey,
D.
M.,
D.
Brotherson,
W.
Tobiasson,
and
A.
Knehans,
ROOFER:
An
Engineered
Management
System
(EMS)
For
Bituminous
Budt-Up
Roofs.
USACERL Technical
Report
M-90/O4/ADA218529
(U.S.
Army
Construction
Engineering
Research
Labtratory
IUSACERLI, December
1989).
Bailey,
D.
M.,
B.
Young,
S.
Hansen,
and
J.
Elston,
Micro
ROOFER
User's
Guide,
USACERL
ADP
Report M-90/12 (USACERL.
April
1990).
Shahin,
M.
Y.,
D.
Bailey, and
D.
Brotherson,
Membrane
and
Flashing
Condition
Indexes
for
Built-Up
Roofs
Volume
I:
Development
if
the
Procedure,
Technical
Report M-87/13/ADA190367
(USACERL,
September
1987a).
Shahin.
M.
Y.,
D.
Bailey. and
D.
Brotherson,
Membrane
and
Flashing
Condition
Indetes
for
Built-Up
Roofs
Volume
II:
Inypection
and
Distress
Manual,
Technical
Report
M-87/13/ADA190368
(USACERL,
September
1987b).
80

APPEND)IX
A:
Deduct
Value
Curves
BASE
FLASHING
-
10-MEMBRANE
MATERIAL
(BF)
FLASHING
90---
80J --- J
t
-4
D
70-- -H
60
_-
~
~-
50)
10
0---
2
0---0 ý 0
-
L0
0.01
0.1
110
100
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
8081

10-METAL
CAP
FLASHING
(MC)
FLASHING
80
-=4_.<-
40---
6
0--
M
20--
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
10-EMBEDDED
EDGE
METAL
(EM)
FLASHING
90---- -H
80--- -
30-
IF-r7
20
!_
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
82

FLASHED
PENETRATIONS
(FP)
FLASHING
100-
-
---
--- -•
--
•
•-- --
-•-..
.••H
•4
-
90-
80
H
0I ,
>
60-,
I
'
I-
50-
t.............I.
o
40-
..
"o
30-
,
__
1..
...
f
-
-•-
_ _--+
" r
20
-T---- -__---
10-
0.01
0.1
1 10
DISTRESS
DENSIlY-PERCENT
108_-'---
•._PITCH
PANS
(PP)
FLASHING
00--
Ii
2
0 m
90
80-
-
MII
H
H
80
_i ý I .. ..
o40-
'
w
>
10
-
---------
;j'
-=+
0.01
0.1
1
10
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
83
20 -•

INTERIOR
DRAINS
AND
ROOF
LEVEL
SCUPPERS
(DR)
FLASHING
100-
90-
80-
S70-
•>
60--
t50---
o
40
H
030-
20-
0 L
0.01
0.1
1
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
84

-0
0*0
_ _ ___ _ _
0~E
__ _
-
_
-N
I
0r
w
LL
U)
6 6 0 0
OD0 (0C
(AOO 3nlAin13 3080
_ _ _ _ _
.

SPUTS
(SP)
MEMBRANE
100I
90
80+-
;~r
-T
1-
pt
w
_
_
3
0-
-I- --
2
0-----
0
i
0.0 .10.1 1 1
DISTRESS
DENSITY-
PERCENT
10-RIDGES
(RG)
MEMBRANE
80--H
~50-
L....
~40-
wL
030..
2
0-
10-
1
0
0.001
0.01
0.1
1010
DISTRESS
DENSITY-
PERCENT
86

HOLES,
CUTS,
&
ABRASIONS
(HL)
MEMBRANE
100
-jj'I I ý, I
90-
7
0-
w
___
50
100-
00
20--
10-L
0
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
200
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
8087

SURFACE
COATING
10-DETERIORATION
(SC) MEMBRANE
90-
80-
~70-
>
60-
350-
40
C330-
20-
10-
L
0.01
0.1
110
100
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
MEMBRANE
DETERIORATION
(MD)
MEMBRANE
100-
90-
H
80-
w
20 L
0.001
0.01
0.1
110
100
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
88

SYSTEM
SECUREMENT
(SS)
MEMBRANE
100-
90-T7
80-
T ; H
w
>670-
.-
50-
L
40---
20---
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
DISTRESS
DENSIlY-PERCENT
MEMBRANE
SUPPORT
(MS)
MEMBRANE
100
-T- 1
9
-F_ T~
rrT
w
0.0T014
10
1001
DITES0ES-YPECN
30 189

PATCHING
(PA)
MEMBRANE
100-,
90
40-
_
t-4-
-t-+
90-
14
-H
80-
0w
egl
I I11 11
10I0-
990

IMPROPER
EQUIPMENT
SUPPORTS
(EQ)
MEMBRANE
100-
- - - -
-.....
, r - - '
•
-t-4+ . . .+
•--
-
90-
80-
ITT-,
650
-, T
50O-
S40--
I• L
o
30-
20-
-
0.01
0.1
1 10
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
PONDING
(PD)
MEMBRANE
100
-• !¶!Il'
90--
80
-
4
70-
--
L&M
50
Z
it
!'I
C.)_-
40-
3
0
--- Hz
t --
20--
10-
=
0.01
0.1
1
10 100
DISTRESS
DENSITY-PERCENT
91

0
4
04
NlJ -0 5
U)
LL
100
92.

APPENDIX
B:
Inspection
and
Rating
Forms
On
the
following pages
are
a
Roof
Inspection Worksheet
(front
and
back)
and
a
Roof
Section
Rating
Form
that
may
be
photocopied
for
use.
Also
included
is
an
abbreviated
list
of
single-ply
distresses,
severity
levels,
and
defects
for
attachment
to
inspection clipboard.
93

ROOF
INSPECTION
WORKSHEET7
AGENCY/INST.:
BUILDING
PER. FLASHING
LF
DATE
SECTION
CURB
FLASHING
LF
NAME
BF-BASE
FL-MEM
PP-PITCH
PAN
DS-DEF
SEAMS
PA
PATCHING
I
D
S
D
Q
BC-BASE
FL-METAL
DR-DRAIN
& SC
SC-SURF
COAT
DV-DEB
& VEG
D
I
E E
T
MC-METAL
CAP
SP-SPLITS
MD-MEM
DET
EQ-EQ
SUPPORT
S
V
F
Y
EM-EMBEDDED
MET RG-RIDGES
SS-SYSTEM
SEC
PD-PONDING
FP-FLASHED
PEN
HL-HOLES
MS-MEM SUPPORT
SCALE:
NORTH
94

ROOF
INSPECTION
WORKSHEET
-
COMMENTS
INSTRUCTIONS:
Circle
response,
i.e., Y
=
yes,
N
=
no
or
U
=
unknown
or
not
observed.
If Y
(yes),
circle
the
type
of
problem.
A.
EVALUATION
OF
INTERIOR
CONDITIONS
I.
Does
the roof leak? Describe:
Y
N
U
2.
Are
there
water
stains
on:
Y N U
a.
walls
c.
deck
e. structural
elements
b. ceilings d. floor f. other:
3.
Do
structural
elements
show
any
of
the
following:
Y
N
U
a.
cracks
d. alteration g.
physical
damage
b. splits e. rotting h. insect
damage
c. spalling f. settlement i. other:
4.
Does
the
underside
of
the
deck
show
any
of
the
following:
Y
N
U
a.
rusting c. spalling e.
sagging
b.
rotting d.
cracks
f.
other
B.
EVALUATION
OF
EXTERIOR
CONDITIONS
1.
Do
the
exterior
walls
show
any
of
the
follwoing:
Y N
a.
cracks
c. spalling e.
water
stains
b. rusting d.
movement
f. other:
2.
Does
the
fascia
or
soffit
show
any
of
the
following:
Y N
a.
cracks
c. spalling e.
water
stains
b. rusting d. peeling f. other:
3.
Do
the
gutters
or
downspouts
show
any
of
the
following:
Y N
a.
loose
c.
missing
e.
clogged
b.
damaged
d. disconnected f. other:
C.
EVALUATION
OF ROOFTOP
CONDITIONS
1. Is there
any
unauthorized,
unnecessary,
or
improperly
Y N
installed
equipment
on
the
roof?
a.
equipment
c.
antennas
e.
cables
b. signs d. platforms f. other:
2.
Do
adjacent
parapet
walls
show
any
of
the
following:
Y N
a.
cracks
c.
cap
cracked
e. sealant
flaws
b. spalling d.
cap
missing f. other:
D.
REMARKS:
95

ROOF
SECTION
RATING
FORM
BUILI)fNG
SECTION
DATE
CALC.
BY
PER.
FLASHING
1`7
FLASHING
CHKD.
BY
CURB
FLASHING
FT
TOTAL
_
FT
AREA
SQFT
_____B
FLASHING
MEMBRANE
B|l
-
BASE
FL
-
MEM
DR-DRAIN
&
SC
SP
-
SPLITS
SS
-
SYSTEM
SEC
BC
BASE
FL
-
METAL
RG
-
RIDGES
MS
-
MEM
SUPPORT
MC
-
METAL CAP
HL
-
HOLES
PA
-
PATCHING
EM
-
EMBEDDED
MET
DS-DEF
SEAMS
DV
-
DEB
&
VEG
FP
-
FLASHED
PEN
SC
-
SURF
COAT
EQ
-
EQ
SUPPORT
PP
-
PITCH
PAN
MD
-
MEM
DET
PD
-
PONDING
TYP
SV
QUANTITIES
TOT
DEN
DV
TYP
SV
QUANTITIES
TOT
DEN
DV
CORRECTED
DEDUCT
VALUE
(CDV)
CORRECTED
DEDUCT
VALUE
(CDV)
FCI
=
100
-
CDV
=
MCI
=
100
-
CDV
=-
FLASHING
RATING
-
MEMBRANE
RATING
=
96

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aa
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e
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ca z a
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LU.
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c
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ik ; oM -i.4
SE'.
4!
i*
4
0.
of!
iul
-
rI~FE
Kagj me
~~~.~a
k
.. .
97

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