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Turmeric in Ayurveda

Authors:
13
Thrmeric
in Ayurveda
P. Ram Manohar
and Srividya
Subramanian
Introduction
Turmeric has
been widely used in India
since time immemorial for culinary, medicinal,
cultural
and ritualistic
purposes.
Known in Sanskrit
popularly
as Haridra, which means to spread
a
deep
yellow
dye or colour, turmeric is well
documented in the literature
ofAyuweda.
In
medieval
Europe, turmeric was known
as Indian Saffron
on account of its widespread cultivation in
India and its
serving as a cheaper
substitute for the costlier saffron. InAyurveda, in
case saffron
is not available, turmeric
is the only herb that
can be used as a substitute in rnedicinal
formulations. This
cannot, however.
be used an excuse to reolace saffron with turmeric
for
commerical advantages.
The use of turmeric in Indian
tradition can be traced
to
Vedic
times. It is used for coloring skin
patches
in the Atharva Veda
and Taittiriya Brahmana.
There are also references to intake of
turmeric
powder
with honey to enhance memory
and with
ghee
to counteract snake
venom.
In
heart disease and
jaundice,
rice mixed with turmeric
is taken intemally and also applied all
over the
body.
In
the earliest writings ofAyurveda
dating several centuries before
the common era, the medicinal
properties
of turmeric have
been elucidated in
great
detail. Tbe Caraka Samhita,
Susruta
Samhita, Bhela Samhita
arrd Kasyapa Samhito make mention
of turmeric as an essential dietary
ingredient and medicine
as well.
Nomenclature
of Tirrmeric
Turmeric
is known by a variety
of synonyms in Sanskrit and these
synonyms sketch its main
characteristics. Apartfrcm
Haridra,thename Ranjani rneans
that which is used to dye clothes.
Pita indicates
the bright
yellow
color ofthe rhizome. The names Varavarnini
point
out that this
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212
Twmetic Production and
Utilization
taste. Due to bitter
taste,
it
also
normalizes
Pitto. To some
extent, it can
also balance Vata
Kapha,
Pitta andUatd
represent the three
categories
in Ayurveda under
which all
physiological
functions can be subsumed.
Kaphd stands
forfunctions
that build structure,
secretions,
immunity
and llke.
Pitta stands for
digestion, metabolism
and other
biochemical
transformations.
yatd
represents
control,
movement and
regulation of
physiological functions
Table
13.1.
Some
uses ol Turmeric,
as single and or combinalion
drug and orwith
adjuncts)in
Ayurveda
(A)Horne Remedies
(H.B)
Ta
au
SL No Main Dtug
Conbn: Drug
TwneicDry C/Adjunct
Ad
D/Raw F
Use(s)Exlernal(E)
Funclion
Oral(O)
Docun
(A)
Relercnces
Ont(HB)
1
2
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Powder
(D)
Paste
(R)
Paste(D)
Powder
{D)
Powder
(D)
Mustard
paste (C)
Neem
(
C) leaves
Gooseberry
juice
(C)
Jaggery(Ad)
Cow's
urine(Ad)
Leech therapy
Ring worm,Scabies,
chick€n
pox (E)
Antidiabetic
(O)
Flush the calculus(O)
Anli-loxic(O)
Weaning
leech
&
to
disinfectwound
Womicidal,
Anti-f ungal,
Skin
remedy
l\,,licrovasculardamage
prevenlion
Dislodging Urinary stones
Nullifies the
plant
& animalpoisons
Cauterizes the
hemolhoids
Nasal
decongeslant
DigesliveAnli-diarhoeal
Anti-microbial
Aids wound
healing
especially over
the
joints
HR
Powder
(D)
Euphorbia species
(C)Alkalifying
etfecl
(E)
Bhizornes
(D)
Oil
(Ad) Inhalalion
(E)
Powder
{D)
Buttermilk
(Ad)
Diel
(O)
Concentraied
jelly
Berberis aristata
Applicalion of
Pasle
like substrate ol
concenlrated
Jelly
overthe
wound
(E)
decoction
ol extract
Rhizomes
4
5.
b.
7
8.
lul
ofl
lst
agf
wt(
chi
14
A
15
A
13
A 14
n-
n-
'18
9
D
=
Dry rhizome R{J):Raw
(Juice);
[4.0
=
Major
Drug;
C.D
=
Combination
Drug; Kal
=
Kalkan; PC
=
Prakshepa'churnam;
0=oral;
E
=
Extenal;
Kash
=
kashayam; Drug
W T
=
woody Turme c
The officinal
part
used is the rhizome
of turmeric,
which is chopped
into
pieces
or
made into a
paste
in the fresh state.
If dried, it is
powdered and used both
intemally and
extemally. The
rhizome that
is bulky and revealing
a
saffron
color
when sliced is recommended
for
medicinal use.
[12]
Turmeric is not
known to cause any
significant side
effects on
prolonged use.
But there is a
very interesting
reference to a method
for
purifying turmeric before
use in Ayurveda
Turmeric
is
to be
boiled in cow's
urine, the
jrtice
of
Luffa acutangula
and the
group of five tender
leaves
which
Mangifera indica,
Syzygium cuminii,
Limonia acidissima,
Citrus
qcida
and Aegle
marmelos.Thenitis to be
steamed in the
vapours
of the
group of aromatic
plants which include
Abies
spectabilis, Cinnamomum
tamala,
Vetiveriq
zizanioides,
Cyperus
rotundus, Saussurea
lappa, Sida
rhombifulia.Tbis
procedure makes it completely
non-toxic.
[13]
Excessive amount of
turmeric can
render food bitter
It can also cause
thinning
of blood and
hence used
carefully with anticoagulants.
Uses
of Ttrrmeric
in Ayurveda
Turmeric
is
used
singly or in
combinations but
the instances
of its use in combination
with
other herbs and
drugs outnumbers
its single uses
(Table
13.2)
Tur
ola
inr
Tur
the
Tur
The
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214
Turmeric
Production
and Utilization
It is a
common
practice in India
to inhale
the smoke
generated by buming
dry
rhizomes
of
turmeric
dippedin
oil
to relieve
nasal
congestion.
In
some texts
ofAyurveda,
turmeric
is used
along
with oiher
herbs
for the
same
purpose. Caution
is to be
exercised
when inhaling
turmeric
smoke
as excessive
inhalation
can
lead
to bleeding.
Buttermilk
boiled
with
turmeric
is a household
remedy
for diarrhoea.
This
recipe acts
as a
digestive
stimulant,
antimicrobial
and
anti-diarrheal.
The decoction
made out
of turmeric
and
woody
turmeric
is an
excellent
agent
for
healing all
kinds of
wounds
[19].
Important
Formulations
of
Tirrmeric
in
Alurveda
Turmeric
is an
irnportant
ingredient
in
many importdnt
formulations
in
Ayurveda
that are
widely
used
in cunent
clini
cal
practice. Horidra
Khanda
is a formulation
that is used
for
management
of allergies
and
worm
infestations
1201.
Rajanyani
Churnam
is a
formulation
with turmeric
as
the
key ingredient
which
is used
in management
of
a wide
range
of
pediatric diseases
[21].
I-al<shsdi
Tailam
\s an oil
with turmeric
as
an ingredient
that
is used
for
prevention of colds
and
upper
respiratory
disorders,
especially
in children
123).
Jatyadi
Tailam
is an
important
oil
for
tt"utlng
&.onic
wounds
[23].
Nisha Katakadi
Kasayam
is an
important
formulation
for
.-ugi*"nt
of diabetes
[24].
Some
of the other
important
formulations
in
which
turmeric
is
an
inlredient
arc
Brahma
Rasayanam
(to
enhance
memory
and
immunity)
1251,
Kalyanaka
Ghrtim
(for
mental
diseases
and
as anti-inflammatory)
[29],
Mahapancagavya
Ghrtam
(for
enhancement
of mental
functions)
[27]
,
Punamaya
M anduram
(for
anemia)
128)
axld sudarsana
Cumam
(for
fever).
Multifaceted
Uses
of
T[rmeric
in Ayurveda
A review
of classical
literature
on
Ayuweda
reveals
that
turmeric
has
multifaceted
uses
in
medicine.
Turmeric
improves
skin tone
and complexion.
It
heals wounds
and
works
as an
antiseptic
and antimicrobial
agent.
It is useful
in the
management
of
chronic wounds
and
skin
lesions
like ringworm,
erysepalis
etc.
Turmeric
is a
good carminative
and
liver tonic.
It
promotes digestion
and kills
worms. It
is an
effective
antidote
for
food
poisoning.
Turmeric
is an
ingredient
of a formulation
that
purifies breast
milk
[30].
It
has also
been ascribed
with
immunomodulatory
properties
[3
1].
Turmeric
prevents build
up of
fat in the
body.
It improves
blood
circulation'
Turmeric
is ingredient
of
formulations
that
are used
in the
management
ofbenign
and malignant
tumors
in
Ayurveda
[32].
Turmeric
regulates
activities
of the
uterus
and reduces
pain during
menstruation
[33]
It is also
formulated
with other
herbs
for management
of respiratory
diseases.
Powder
of
Turmeric,
Black Pepper,
Raisins,
Jaggery,
Galangal
Root,
Long
Pepper and
Ka empferia
galanga
mixed
with oil
is a
good remedy
for obtaining
quick relief
from
respiratory
distress
[35].
lu?^ntp'
pooJ
^qll?eq
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ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Trikamji, Yadavii, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhambha Orienlalia
  • Yadavji Trikamji
  • Caraka Samhila
Trikamji, Yadavji, Caraka Samhila, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers, Delhi, 1992, p. 32 Trikamji, Yadavii, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhambha Orienlalia, Varanasi, 1980, p. 166 Bhishagacharya, Satyapala, Kashayapa Samhita, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi,2O00, p. 98. Shukla,Girijadayalu,Bhela Samhita, Chaukhambha Bharat Academy, Varanasi,1999, p.2.
Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant sources, oxtord and IBH Publishingco
  • Indira V Balachandran
Balachandran, Indira and sivaraian, v.v., Ayurvedic Drugs and their Plant sources, oxtord and IBH Publishingco. Pvl. Lld., New Delhi,2002 p. 169
  • Mishra
  • Bhavaprakasha Brahmashankar
  • Nighanlu
Mishra, Brahmashankar, Bhavaprakasha Nighanlu, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sanslhan, 2002, p. 1 14
  • Bhaisaiya Sastri
  • Ratnavali
Sastri, Bhaisaiya Ratnavali, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi, 2002 p. 409. 13. tbid, p,404, p.36,p.433,434,,
Chaukhambha orientalia
  • Yadavji Trikamli
  • Sushruta Samhita
Trikamli, Yadavji, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhambha orientalia, Varanasi, 1980, p 57.
  • Ambikadatta Sastri
  • Bhaisaiya Ratnavali
Sastri, Ambikadatta, Bhaisaiya Ratnavali, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi' 1980, p.641.
Caraka Samhila, lvlunshilal Manoharlal Publishers Pvt
  • Yadavji Trikamii
  • Acharya
Trikamii, Yadavji Acharya, Caraka Samhila, lvlunshilal Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.Ltd, Delhi, '1992' p 377
  • Yadavji Trikamji
  • Sushruta Samhita
Trikamji, Yadavji, Sushruta Samhita, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Varanasi' 1980, p. 471
  • Ambikadatla Sastri
  • Bhaisajya Ralnavali
Sastri, Ambikadatla, Bhaisajya Ralnavali, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sanslhan, Varanasi, 1980, p 695. 35, lbid. D. 331. 36. lbid, p. 276.
Munshild lvanohadal Publishers Pvt Ltd' Delhi' 1992
  • Yadavjiacharya Tikamji
  • Caraka Samhita
Tikamji, YadavjiAcharya, Caraka Samhita, Munshild lvanohadal Publishers Pvt Ltd' Delhi' 1992, P 581.