Content uploaded by Rammanohar Puthiyedath
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Rammanohar Puthiyedath
Content may be subject to copyright.
13
Thrmeric
in Ayurveda
P. Ram Manohar
and Srividya
Subramanian
Introduction
Turmeric has
been widely used in India
since time immemorial for culinary, medicinal,
cultural
and ritualistic
purposes.
Known in Sanskrit
popularly
as Haridra, which means to spread
a
deep
yellow
dye or colour, turmeric is well
documented in the literature
ofAyuweda.
In
medieval
Europe, turmeric was known
as Indian Saffron
on account of its widespread cultivation in
India and its
serving as a cheaper
substitute for the costlier saffron. InAyurveda, in
case saffron
is not available, turmeric
is the only herb that
can be used as a substitute in rnedicinal
formulations. This
cannot, however.
be used an excuse to reolace saffron with turmeric
for
commerical advantages.
The use of turmeric in Indian
tradition can be traced
to
Vedic
times. It is used for coloring skin
patches
in the Atharva Veda
and Taittiriya Brahmana.
There are also references to intake of
turmeric
powder
with honey to enhance memory
and with
ghee
to counteract snake
venom.
In
heart disease and
jaundice,
rice mixed with turmeric
is taken intemally and also applied all
over the
body.
In
the earliest writings ofAyurveda
dating several centuries before
the common era, the medicinal
properties
of turmeric have
been elucidated in
great
detail. Tbe Caraka Samhita,
Susruta
Samhita, Bhela Samhita
arrd Kasyapa Samhito make mention
of turmeric as an essential dietary
ingredient and medicine
as well.
Nomenclature
of Tirrmeric
Turmeric
is known by a variety
of synonyms in Sanskrit and these
synonyms sketch its main
characteristics. Apartfrcm
Haridra,thename Ranjani rneans
that which is used to dye clothes.
Pita indicates
the bright
yellow
color ofthe rhizome. The names Varavarnini
point
out that this
lue8und
pu?
fcualod
1oq
sll
Jo
lunoJJB
uo ot|doy
seleln8ar
fyurcu.r
tI
. .€l
alq€J)
srounl
pu?
suuo^{
'ei11adde
go
ssol
,srltsnurs
,sJaJln ,spuno,,r\
.Enueu?
,Auruosrod
,Buq1e,rs
,Burqclr
'sas?asrp
uDls
'seteq?lp
e{rl slueurlre
Jo
e8ue: apr,n
e ur
lngasn
sr
tI
.alsel
elrlse8rp
lsod
lue8und
€
s?q
U
suorlelJas
dn saup pup
fJuelod
ur
loq
sr
,ets€l
reltrq pu?
lua8und
e s?q
JrJauunl
'JrJouJnl
Jo
serpado:d pcrSoloczuueqd
eql pelsll
eleq epa,trn,{y
uo
slxet e^[?l
oqtn?
ar{J
JrJauJr\l
Jo
saprador4 ptr8olotaur.req;
'suorldnra
ulls pup
srruapoJnay
,q8noo
'sqtqcuorq
'sqBnocJtq
'sur€lds
,sesruq
JoJ sJneruoJ? pue
slue8urnsu
qlrm
uorleurquo3
ur
pasn
sr
(oJrtDuto.to
oun
n))
ID[uon
uwsoy to
rupttop
oKuD.ty
Jo
cuauunt pU,tr
se u,troul ,{1aue,t
Jeqloup puv
s1ue1d o,r1
eql uee,{\laq
ecu?lquresal yecr8oloqdrou
eql
Jo
tunoJJ?
uo sr
srql
'slxel
orpa^rn,{v
lEJrssp[J
aql
ur eJprJ€H
rqpue8eluy
se u,!\ou{
st Dpt wo
ownJJnJ,eldurexo
roJ
(Juaulnl
JoJ
'ISrrES)
etpu?H
lor{1rde
aq1 ,{q
o1
pa:ra;eJ
ueeq
oslu
o^pq ?runc:n3
;o
serceds
leqlo
Ul?UeJ
cueru:n1
,(poo,r
SE u,rouT
Jq ol
JuroJ oSlE
seq unp4saua!
unrutJsoJ
.slxel
ctpe,rrn,(y
pcrssel)
ur
(D!|D^O
DlpuDH)
onq
cuauunJ
eql sE
u,roul
eJ? cuaruJnl
,{poo16 pue
JUaurnJ
,{11uanbe:3
,ftaa
uouputquroo
ur pesn
ere
s1uz1d o,ra1
asaql
,esnBJaq
osle
prr?
JuauunlJo
leql
ot r?lnurs
e^p ^ro11e,{
e
sp1ar,{ osp
tr
esneceq
JueuunJ
^pool6
Jo
sJpu€H nrq
sp ulroul
sr
DtoJSttD
suaqtag
tueld
aq1
s1xe1 pcrss?lJ
eql ur
seteueA
s?
petsrl
ueoq aleq
s1ue1d purcrpsru
;o
sercads petelar-uou
pue
palsler
l€Ja^as
.srql
ruo:g
uedy.s,{ep
luercue
ul peqsrn8urlsrp
aJe,\\
Juauunl
Jo
(srpueqew^)
serleuE^ plr^\ pue
pel?^rtlnJ
aql
,la^alAoH
.Dguol
t)un
nJ
sE
pagnuepr
{lqelndsrpur
,,r,rou
sr qcrq,tr
epa,rrn,{y
ur paquJsep
sr ouauunl go
serceds
auo flug
JITAIIIJIU
JO
SEIIOIJBA
'sluerpar8ur
ennce
pue
sprolellp
Jo
uoqertueJuoJ
req8rq
p
eleq
1p,u
lq8ru
1e
pelJelloc
Jueurnl
laqlaq,n
,{1pcr;rluarcs
paqslJq?lsa
3q
ol sureurer
lI luelod
arour
e:z
lr{3lu
le
patcelloJ
sorrrozrql
Juaru:n1
1eq1
1urod,,,rer,r
D sr
eJeql
lnq
'epa,r:n,{y;o
s8uqu,,,r pcrssep
eql ur
trclldxa
1ou
sr Jrreuunt pue
tq8ru
uee,r,ileq
uollJouuoo
or{J
lq8ru
Sunreaur qloq
,ruofoy
ptm
osryil
se u \onl
smuaurnl,q8noue,{18ur1sare1uy
.tut13oqa
y,1
se
u^loul
eroJalaqt
sr
pue
salaq?rp
Jo
lueue8eueru
eqt ur uoqecrldde
prcads
spur;
t1
.uDIs
eqt
Jo
uorxelduroc
aq1 se,ro.ldrur
cueru:n1
1eq1
selelrpur
lulsolt^ou-tor1
.ryuios11eueu
eq1
ur
palecqdrur
se uoslodroj
elopllu?
u€ sr
lr,os[E
oS
s1sa33ns outl?ttuty
aueu
eq1 se
sergedord plqorcnuque
puz
Jrluauleqlu?
wq ouauJnJ
.seruedord
purcrpau
s1r o1
senlc a,rr8
cuauunl
Jo
saur?u
Jeqlo
'Brpul
luerJUE
Jo
aJrl
leJnllnJ-orJos
aq1 ur acuegodu:r
sll
pu?
JuorrrJnl
;o
sseusnonrdsne
eql alpJrpur
D,tlt^DJ pve
nusTa1
,o,!oqun|,g
e{rT saueN
',{poq
aq1 Surturoup
JoJ uerxo^r
Suoue
relndod
se,,n
Jueuunt
leqt
seleJrpur ofutd1rtqsotr.le{rctrr
aql
ul seurqs qorq,r
lerll
su?eu
t4lrqtl' rutsDlt^o
DH
eur?u
eql ,{q
pelecrpur
sr do:c
lzrc:aruuroJ
€ sz^r
JrJeurnl
1eql loEJ
eqJ
'luttJuDx
euJeu
ar4
ecuaq
pue
enq uaplo8
e o1
peuelrl
sr
Juauunl
Jo
Jolo3
^1o11a,t
aql
edeqs palSuelua
u? etunss"
sauozrql
aql
l€ql
ele Jrpur DJpltol.lDpurd
pue
frleq
sr eurozrql
olp
l?ql
sueeu
rryrynruDszuto7
.sr.orldsne
pe.raprsuoc
puz:elndod
sr roloc
LIZ
epaNnIV
utcuaurnl
I
-
l!
rl
tn
E
IB
q
I
If
I
al
I
E
E
212
Twmetic Production and
Utilization
taste. Due to bitter
taste,
it
also
normalizes
Pitto. To some
extent, it can
also balance Vata
Kapha,
Pitta andUatd
represent the three
categories
in Ayurveda under
which all
physiological
functions can be subsumed.
Kaphd stands
forfunctions
that build structure,
secretions,
immunity
and llke.
Pitta stands for
digestion, metabolism
and other
biochemical
transformations.
yatd
represents
control,
movement and
regulation of
physiological functions
Table
13.1.
Some
uses ol Turmeric,
as single and or combinalion
drug and orwith
adjuncts)in
Ayurveda
(A)Horne Remedies
(H.B)
Ta
au
SL No Main Dtug
Conbn: Drug
TwneicDry C/Adjunct
Ad
D/Raw F
Use(s)Exlernal(E)
Funclion
Oral(O)
Docun
(A)
Relercnces
Ont(HB)
1
2
1.
2
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Powder
(D)
Paste
(R)
Paste(D)
Powder
{D)
Powder
(D)
Mustard
paste (C)
Neem
(
C) leaves
Gooseberry
juice
(C)
Jaggery(Ad)
Cow's
urine(Ad)
Leech therapy
Ring worm,Scabies,
chick€n
pox (E)
Antidiabetic
(O)
Flush the calculus(O)
Anli-loxic(O)
Weaning
leech
&
to
disinfectwound
Womicidal,
Anti-f ungal,
Skin
remedy
l\,,licrovasculardamage
prevenlion
Dislodging Urinary stones
Nullifies the
plant
& animalpoisons
Cauterizes the
hemolhoids
Nasal
decongeslant
DigesliveAnli-diarhoeal
Anti-microbial
Aids wound
healing
especially over
the
joints
HR
Powder
(D)
Euphorbia species
(C)Alkalifying
etfecl
(E)
Bhizornes
(D)
Oil
(Ad) Inhalalion
(E)
Powder
{D)
Buttermilk
(Ad)
Diel
(O)
Concentraied
jelly
Berberis aristata
Applicalion of
Pasle
like substrate ol
concenlrated
Jelly
overthe
wound
(E)
decoction
ol extract
Rhizomes
4
5.
b.
7
8.
lul
ofl
lst
agf
wt(
chi
14
A
15
A
13
A 14
n-
n-
'18
9
D
=
Dry rhizome R{J):Raw
(Juice);
[4.0
=
Major
Drug;
C.D
=
Combination
Drug; Kal
=
Kalkan; PC
=
Prakshepa'churnam;
0=oral;
E
=
Extenal;
Kash
=
kashayam; Drug
W T
=
woody Turme c
The officinal
part
used is the rhizome
of turmeric,
which is chopped
into
pieces
or
made into a
paste
in the fresh state.
If dried, it is
powdered and used both
intemally and
extemally. The
rhizome that
is bulky and revealing
a
saffron
color
when sliced is recommended
for
medicinal use.
[12]
Turmeric is not
known to cause any
significant side
effects on
prolonged use.
But there is a
very interesting
reference to a method
for
purifying turmeric before
use in Ayurveda
Turmeric
is
to be
boiled in cow's
urine, the
jrtice
of
Luffa acutangula
and the
group of five tender
leaves
which
Mangifera indica,
Syzygium cuminii,
Limonia acidissima,
Citrus
qcida
and Aegle
marmelos.Thenitis to be
steamed in the
vapours
of the
group of aromatic
plants which include
Abies
spectabilis, Cinnamomum
tamala,
Vetiveriq
zizanioides,
Cyperus
rotundus, Saussurea
lappa, Sida
rhombifulia.Tbis
procedure makes it completely
non-toxic.
[13]
Excessive amount of
turmeric can
render food bitter
It can also cause
thinning
of blood and
hence used
carefully with anticoagulants.
Uses
of Ttrrmeric
in Ayurveda
Turmeric
is
used
singly or in
combinations but
the instances
of its use in combination
with
other herbs and
drugs outnumbers
its single uses
(Table
13.2)
Tur
ola
inr
Tur
the
Tur
The
aPp
[8 1]
sproqroueq ur uortelldde
IcuJelxo
.ro.J pcsr^pB
sr serceds erqroqdng
Jo
xelrJ
aql ur
pexlul
Juoulnl
Jo
.lap,,[od aqJ
ILlluosndJospurlllI?ro.letoprtuplpjeue8esneur:ns,,rooqlr^\ua{rlaqolpesr^pcslJueuunJ
[9]I
.eur.rn
eql
tuoIJ
seuols
lno
qsnll
ot
perurclc
sr Jatc,\\ ur
Isnq Jo
uortnlos qlr^\
uc{?l {lJ88pf
pue
JuaulnJ
's1a,la1
:rins
poolq
Suupln?er uBqt,{le^rtJeJJa eloru:-elaqprp ur
e8eurep .rulnrsr:,ro:lur
'1uc.rl:d
,{?ru Ju?ulnt
tEql tseSSns
suort€^Jesqo
l?lrurlJ
IglIseleqclp
ur csn reln8ar .rog pepueuuo3eJ
sr slrn:j ,{:raqasoo?
Jo
altnl eqt ur etsud e otur apetu ttlotulnJ
'suorlElse.]ur
ruro,r Sur3euuur
ur a,rr1oa1;e sr ,{llprualul ua{pl uoq?urquoJ euzs aql xod ualcrqJ
Puu
:^elq€Js
ru:o,tr8uu e1r1 :^uortdnra ur:1s;o a8ue:
e a8eurur ot elpul
lo
cldood aqt ,{q ,{lepr,tr
p3sn
sr seleel tueau qlr,tt rrJerrr]nl
Jo
uoq€urquroJ r?lndod ,{le^
V
puno,\l
eqt esolJ ot
tueS!
iurpaq
puu
Jlldesrlup ue sB se^les rl:erurnl
',{1r-tepuoJos
qJccl
Jql
.}o
du8 eql asrelal ot st
uorlualur ,(.Irurr:d
aqJ esodrnd
lunp
u seq :crlcerd s rql
[71 ]:^esodrnd
Jnnad€Jeql JoJ
sluorl€dlo
{poq eqt ruo.r1
poolq
Ilns
ol aprur sr
tr
JeUr ^E,,rrB
qceel
aqt uee,,lr 01 pesn
sr.lap,rod
crraru:n1
3uslrrnltrpoo/'\
=
1M
6nrc luleleqspf
=
qsey
:lEualxf
=
f
:lplo=
O
:rlpurnqc-pdoqstprd
=
Cd:Lrrlley
=
E):bntc Lloll€LltquoC
=OC
l6nr0 rolefit
=
Ct{
:(o.nf) ^^eU:(l)E
eurozrql /iic
=
C
lcell
snoinlstt u
puP
s.rac n cruo]llc u
ItZ] Inlasn
0ureer.lsp e
pue
sosueatC
u0.rp []c seqs Jnou
'slapros
p
tuolelrdsat
.roddn
pup
tstl
p
oc
lueaatd
esn c
4eepeed
ro3
I]rllralur
u
pue
s.roplos
p
[0Zj
€or60 oqc,{sd
]o
obu€l ur
pol€ctpul
palPco^pp
s asn
luelsuoc
[02]
siepros
p
crqo^sd u
pup
Isdol dl
[Bt]
Ilr^lo6uo
solourold'upuplpsp!
[1t]
satoq€ro
siopros
p
PUaponp
u
l€
c0ds0
sroprosrp culP
pod
lo
o6uPl
lzd
uInlosn'razrtaddE'o^rlso6r0
uo
lPc
paur
alqrleduo.u
Jo
osn
ot anp
posnPc
puP
u0llelu
0ur0q l0lBM 0l anp AllPrce0se
[zd
s.ra^a]lo spur]
lle
urclartrd-r]uv
[9t]
erecrpl
ur nlesqcr0tele,rluy
cc
03
cc
0'c
cd
0c
0
urEl eql
rpPlqtEf
urelrPqt
6
0
uelrPql rpeqslPl urelrPL.ll
ulelIq0
0
eleuElE)l
Llelrqe
ur€luqO eI^P6e
C
cuPoeqefrl uleuqe
C
urPue{eseu Eurqer€ urPlqol
u.rPIPr.lse)1
0
rpqelE)iPL]srN l.lre,{eqse}
ueuinqc
0
rpeluele!
ureurnqC
urEurnqc
0
PuPL.lSrPpnS UJpUrnqC
c
urepuPL.ly Prpr]PH
palcrleq
0t
o
o
siPp
1r0l
o
'I
,9
n
z
I
l
0
o
o
o
cc
cc
0 ti'{
swlel9
ecuaalaS
ctlnalelaql
J/A
paa
-lslu!apv
ctacd
/1e)4qsey/
oJ/owse
pappe
c!.tau.tnf
U /tA
L
!^)
'n!'l
butcpary)
clawJnJ uouelnuo! l.rcoapC oN
lo
uJa!
loaueN
eutstpew
/s
l!arper6u
(,4ltsour)
fu Efl xnP
/.roleL!
sp cre!!rnl bu urpluoc so
pauau
crpoNntrV
pelndag
malelosarrooaleceslo^plo(lluo)saldLlexeer-uog:7g1a1qe1
e lZ
epa^rn^V ut
cr]orunl
214
Turmeric
Production
and Utilization
It is a
common
practice in India
to inhale
the smoke
generated by buming
dry
rhizomes
of
turmeric
dippedin
oil
to relieve
nasal
congestion.
In
some texts
ofAyurveda,
turmeric
is used
along
with oiher
herbs
for the
same
purpose. Caution
is to be
exercised
when inhaling
turmeric
smoke
as excessive
inhalation
can
lead
to bleeding.
Buttermilk
boiled
with
turmeric
is a household
remedy
for diarrhoea.
This
recipe acts
as a
digestive
stimulant,
antimicrobial
and
anti-diarrheal.
The decoction
made out
of turmeric
and
woody
turmeric
is an
excellent
agent
for
healing all
kinds of
wounds
[19].
Important
Formulations
of
Tirrmeric
in
Alurveda
Turmeric
is an
irnportant
ingredient
in
many importdnt
formulations
in
Ayurveda
that are
widely
used
in cunent
clini
cal
practice. Horidra
Khanda
is a formulation
that is used
for
management
of allergies
and
worm
infestations
1201.
Rajanyani
Churnam
is a
formulation
with turmeric
as
the
key ingredient
which
is used
in management
of
a wide
range
of
pediatric diseases
[21].
I-al<shsdi
Tailam
\s an oil
with turmeric
as
an ingredient
that
is used
for
prevention of colds
and
upper
respiratory
disorders,
especially
in children
123).
Jatyadi
Tailam
is an
important
oil
for
tt"utlng
&.onic
wounds
[23].
Nisha Katakadi
Kasayam
is an
important
formulation
for
.-ugi*"nt
of diabetes
[24].
Some
of the other
important
formulations
in
which
turmeric
is
an
inlredient
arc
Brahma
Rasayanam
(to
enhance
memory
and
immunity)
1251,
Kalyanaka
Ghrtim
(for
mental
diseases
and
as anti-inflammatory)
[29],
Mahapancagavya
Ghrtam
(for
enhancement
of mental
functions)
[27]
,
Punamaya
M anduram
(for
anemia)
128)
axld sudarsana
Cumam
(for
fever).
Multifaceted
Uses
of
T[rmeric
in Ayurveda
A review
of classical
literature
on
Ayuweda
reveals
that
turmeric
has
multifaceted
uses
in
medicine.
Turmeric
improves
skin tone
and complexion.
It
heals wounds
and
works
as an
antiseptic
and antimicrobial
agent.
It is useful
in the
management
of
chronic wounds
and
skin
lesions
like ringworm,
erysepalis
etc.
Turmeric
is a
good carminative
and
liver tonic.
It
promotes digestion
and kills
worms. It
is an
effective
antidote
for
food
poisoning.
Turmeric
is an
ingredient
of a formulation
that
purifies breast
milk
[30].
It
has also
been ascribed
with
immunomodulatory
properties
[3
1].
Turmeric
prevents build
up of
fat in the
body.
It improves
blood
circulation'
Turmeric
is ingredient
of
formulations
that
are used
in the
management
ofbenign
and malignant
tumors
in
Ayurveda
[32].
Turmeric
regulates
activities
of the
uterus
and reduces
pain during
menstruation
[33]
It is also
formulated
with other
herbs
for management
of respiratory
diseases.
Powder
of
Turmeric,
Black Pepper,
Raisins,
Jaggery,
Galangal
Root,
Long
Pepper and
Ka empferia
galanga
mixed
with oil
is a
good remedy
for obtaining
quick relief
from
respiratory
distress
[35].
lu?^ntp'
pooJ
^qll?eq
€ s?
oueurnlJo
r?nuerod
aqr
lrordxe
pm
re^orsrp
01
:faff:l"j$Td,:;;
JIJqua'S
tuaJe.l
qlr.{r
epa,rrn(y
go
uoqrp?4
eqt
ur polueun3op
eapey^oo1go
,;n"ri;;;j
uolsnJruoJ
ur srseuesor8ue
Buurqrqur,{q
uorr{:rl
lr]l.lr
ur,{poq
oql
ur
plgo
lrsodap
eql
,n,U";t:T:lrilj
ueeq
osP
seq
lI
srount
ur
3ur.ro.r8
ruor3
slesse^
poolq
lue^".r-d"ot u^oq.
uaaq
s?q
JuaulJnl
'[gt]
saseasry
lofetu
tue,re.rd ol
):om
,{eur
1r
1eq1
Burueaul
.g
edde;q_dN
sanpqns
urutncJnc
leql
,{\oqs
sarpnrs
.ses?esrp
Jaqlo
3o
e8uer
ap_ral
"
p*
i.n,rqui
leru?c
ot p?el
uec
,{poq
eql
ut
asuodsa:
,{:oleruuegur
puuouqe
satouord
1eqt
ulerora
ynp"^oO
"
.[
"ad"yigpg".rrffi
o{rr pTro.n
eqr
ro
sued
ur
eru"r"",
;tjjlo',",jjt;j:T"H"::iHil;l,T:H
:;1H:::
'eruralnal
pooqplrqc
Jo
aJueprcur
aqt
lue^eJd
,{eu
cFeru:n1
go'esn
re]n8ar
rnq1
p"u1Ao
anni
a4ua3
potpatrrg.
lts:e,rrun e1o[o1aq1l?
sJellcJ?-esad
.?rIII"1n"I"1q
,uoqrpuoc
JrllleerJe
sapnlJur
''trJrrlt
'npuDd
se
u^\oD[
a$esry
eql
Jo
luaue8eueur
eqt
o,
",r",_n,
el?clpul
stxal
clpa,r:ru(y
'O'Z^ulurnonr
Jo
uopd:osqe
eq1 p:sear"r,
"r""u,ffi
tJi#i"]:Irf
T",','"1',:il:XTjf,
fffi]
aropSueg
'a3e1103
lzclpew
suqof
,s l?
sreqrr?eseu
'suo4eredard
poo3
ur
reddad
1ce1q
q1r,r
Jueuunt
aurquoJ
ot
uoqrppJl
u?Ipul,eqt
ur
,{reurolsnc
sem
1,
.."11rq"
u""i';o
1u"np,
,qf
"roy"g
'Juaur:nl
ur
tuarparaur a,rqcz
luegodurr
lsoru
eqt
sr
urrunJmrpql
i"i""n"r.nq
qJJ?eser
cuquerrs
'[zt]
sarrunor
Burdolerrap
aqt
uro:y
Burpur8uo
a8pel,uoul
tguorlrp?Jl
uo paszq
lualed
sfl
P
Jo
uon?Jo^er
lsru
eql
puE
.peluJp;J
dr
^JlnJssaJrns
sp/r\
(
lOrs
.l0r,gdsn)
lurl?d
sn,
'V
d
Jo
e^q?uur
eql
lV
."pe^rn,{V
Jo
uollrpeJl
pele4uelsqns
Suraq
sr
l?ql
cuarrrrnl
Jo
sesn,{wW
I
sergedo:d
purcrparu
oql
uo
apeu
sur?lJ
eq11o,{ueur
pap4trqsqns
wq q
?asal
Jgnuerrs
ruepo4
s8qpu;g
rulfuolrs
qf!.n
uollEroqqrof,
.
[0t]
?uraue papcrperx
roJ
suolelnuuoJ
Jo
luelpa:Eur ue
oslp
sl
lI
.[6€]
eTI
aql pue
uo{
.errl
l
'urJ
e{r
eurJrpou
s?
pesn
spreuru
pu€
spleur
,{3rxo1ap
o1
s,
"rr",,in1go
ern
Eupserelur
reqlouv
sr resns
pue
c'auunl
Jo
epeu
{uup
e-,?qd?x
Jo
lueuaa*r"o
o,
"no
,,
i'3ilT::r1"j"j#:?
er
ere!^erp
or p,"s
sr arqJo
pau,,litJJffi1"-,*y"t##d"l:joflil::.ij]".]ii.,#
^.[9€]
eotpun€lJo
]ueure8uuzru
ro3 pal?Jrpur
st )
rut
olqJnq
Jo
1no
ep?ur
aeqd
pue
llrlx
qlt,h
Suop
too:
ecponbJl
pue
ogollptii
rplg
,ilpat
Drqrt)ttpDzv
11Dur4[o
DJUqwg
'oJuapq
Drpulutal
.DInqaqJ
o1Dutxu.t;
q1r^
"r"_n1
Jo
uone1nurJoJ
eydurrs y
gtZ
ppeNn^V
ut cDeurn_t
1.
2.
3,
3a.
3b.
4.
216 Turmeric
Production and Utilization
Relerences
Taranatha, Tarka Vachaspati,
Vachasp atyam,
Vol. Vl, Chaukhambha
Sansk
t
Series,
Varanasi'
1970'
p
54'18.
Sastri,
Ambikadatta
,
Bhaisajya Ralnavali, Chaukhambha
Sanskrita
Sansthana,
Varanasi,
2002
p.
39
Sharma,
Priyavrat, History of
Medicine
in India, Indian National Science
Academy,
New Delhi,
1992'
p
50.
AVS.1.23-1-5,20.135.2 and
Tait.Br.3.4.7.1.
Sam.8r.12.7.9.
Kesava on
KSS 26,14,
22.24, 30-10.31.5,
KSS 26.18,22,28.4,32.7,389
Trikamji, Yadavji, Caraka Samhila,
Munshiram
Manoharlal
Publishers, Delhi,
1992,
p.
32 Trikamji,
Yadavii, Sushruta
Samhita,
Chaukhambha
Orienlalia,
Varanasi, 1980,
p.
166 Bhishagacharya,
Satyapala,
Kashayapa Samhita,
Chaukhambha
Sanskrit
Sansthan,
Varanasi,2O00,
p.
98. Shukla,Girijadayalu,Bhela
Samhita,
Chaukhambha
Bharat Academy
,
Varanasi,1999,
p.2.
5. Sharma,
Priyavrat, Namarupavijnanam,
Satyapriya
Plakashan,
Varanasi, 2000,
p.
195.
6. Balachandran,
Indira and sivaraian,
v.v.,
Ayurvedic Drugs and
their Plant sources, oxtord
and
IBH Publishingco.
Pvl.
Lld., New Delhi,2002
p.
169
7. Sharma,
Priyavrat, Kaiya deva
Nighantu, Chaukhambha
0 entalia,
Varanasi,1979,
p
206
8.
Tripathi,
Indradeva, Chakradatta, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit
Sansthan,
Varanasi, 1991,
p.466
L
Sharma,
Priyavrat, Kaiyadeva
Nighantu, Chaukhambha
Orienlalia,
Varanasi, 1979,
p.
207
10. Indian Medicinal
Plants
in
5
volumes
,
a compendium by
Kottakkal Arya
Vaidya Sala:
Vol.2
page:
254-6
1 1. Mishra, Brahmashankar,
Bhavaprakasha
Nighanlu, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sanslhan,
2002,
p.
1
14
12.
Sastri,
Bhaisaiya
Ratnavali, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan,
Varanasi,
2002
p.
409.
13. tbid,
p,404,
p.36,p.433,434,,
14. Trikamli, Yadavji, Sushruta
Samhita, Chaukhambha
orientalia,
Varanasi,
1980,
p
57.
15. Vaidya,
Harisastri, Ashtanga Hridayam, Chaukhambha
orientalia,
Varanasi,
2002,
p.
943.
16.
Joshi,
Sadashiva Shastry,
Yogaralnakara, Chaukhambha
Sansklit
Series otfice,
Benares,
1939,
p.
505
17. Sharma,
Pdyavrat, Chikitsakalika,
Chaukhambha
Surabharati
Prakashan, 1987,
p.
87.
18. T kamji,
Yadavii, Susruta Samhita,
Chaukhambha orientalia,
Varanasi, 1980,
p.432
19.
lbid.0.403.
20. Sastri,
Ambikadatta, Bhaisaiya
Ratnavali, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan,
Varanasi' 1980,
p.641.
21. Vaidya,
Harishastry, Ashlanga
Hridayam, Chaukhambha
Orientalia,
Varanasi, 2002,
p
783.
22. lbid,
p.784.
23. lbid,
p.641.
24. Sharma,
RamNivas, Sahasrayogam,
Chaukhambha
Sanskril
Pratishthan, Delhi,2004'
p.275.
25. Trikamji,
Yadavji, Caraka Samhita,
Munshiram
lllanoharlal Publishers,
Delhi, 1992,
p.378
26. lbid,
p.
471.
27. lbid,p.475,
28.
1
lbid,
p.475,
29. Sastri,
Ambikadatta, Bhaishaiya
Ratnavali, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit
Sansthan,
Varanasi,
1980,
p.
79.
30
Yadavii Trikamji, Sushruta Samhita,
Chaukhambha
Orientalia,
Varanasi, 1980,
p.
168
31.
Trikamii, Yadavji Acharya, Caraka
Samhila,
lvlunshilal Manoharlal
Publishers
Pvt.Ltd, Delhi,
'1992'
p
377
32.
Trikamji, Yadavji, Sushruta Samhita,
Chaukhambha
Sanskrit Sansthan,
Varanasi'
1980,
p.
471
33.
Tripathi, hdradeva, Chakradatta,
Chaukhamba Sanskrit
Sansthan,
Varanasi
'1991
p.
577.
34. Sastri,
Ambikadatla,
Bhaisajya Ralnavali, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit
Sanslhan,
Varanasi,
1980,
p
695.
35,
lbid.
D.
331.
36.
lbid,
p.
276.
37.
Tikamji,
YadavjiAcharya, Caraka
Samhita,
Munshild lvanohadal
Publishers
Pvt Ltd' Delhi'
1992, P 581.
38.
Trikamji, YadaviiAcharya,
Caraka Samhita,
Munshilal
lvlanoharlal Publishers
Pvt,Ltd,
Delhi' 1992'
P.569
39. Satpute,
Ashok D,
Rasaratnasamucchaya,
Chaukhambha Sanskrit
Pralishthan,
Delhi'
2003,
pp.23'
31'
50' 51,
131,141,144,',l49,155.
40. Trikamii,
Yadavji,
Sushruta
Samhita, Chaukhambha
Sanskrit
Sanslhan,
Varanasi,
1980'
p
541.
41.
Sukh
Dev
-,'A
selection
of Prime Ayurvedic
Drugs
-ancient-
modern concordance',
Anamaya Publishers,
New Delhi
screur)iooeu,reqdoqluoeuuaddroacuonlursa,r"^,rrs'1d,,]lii'r]:[l;9il]j,|:;ii;::iili:'i:]t**
*
'bL''
d
';661
|an1ce
g
Ie r14
"{6olouqcal
urapoyrl
pue
sesrnosou
ErntEN
]no
,luouluor
^uf aql
.g
seuoql
,ro0or
goc
z,
t0z_16t
dd
,(900z.uPf)
1le
epa^ln^V
u
cuaLUnI