European cardiovascular disease statistics
Abstract
This is the third edition of European cardiovascular disease statistics. The first edition was published in 2000 when the European Union (EU) consisted of 15 Member States. After enlargement in 2004 and then again in 2007, there are now 27 Member States. Much has changed in the last seven years, but cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the main cause of death in the EU. The European cardiovascular disease statistics was the first publication to bring together all the available sources of information about the burden of CVD in Europe, including data on death and illness, treatment, the prevalence of behavioural risk factors for CVD (smoking, diet, physical inactivity and alcohol consumption), and the prevalence of medical conditions associated with CVD (raised cholesterol, raised blood pressure, overweight and obesity, and diabetes). It
has become an indispensable resource for anybody working on reducing the burden of CVD in Europe or in public health generally.<br /
... Risk factors for CVD include smoking, hypertension, obesity, and lack of physical activity [5]. Cardiac rehabilitation is associated with a reduction in both cardiac mortality (26-36%) and total mortality (13-26%) [6]. ...
Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary artery disease are common treatable and preventable chronic diseases. Rehabilitation is now considered an important part of the long-term management in both diseases and includes exercise, education, and smoking cessation.
Patients and methods
This study included 40 patients with COPD and coronary artery disease referred to the cardiac rehabilitation unit at Ain Shams University hospitals. Patients were assessed by clinical assessment, ECG, ECHO, modified Bruce protocol, spirometry, and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). Then, patients were divided into two groups: a cardiac rehabilitation group and a cardiopulmonary rehabilitation group. All patients received 8–12 weeks of rehabilitation and were reassessed by spirometry, the modified Bruce protocol, and SGRQ.
Results
Both groups improved in terms of spirometric parameters (forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity), SGRQ, and metabolic equivalents of tasks, but there was a statistically significant in resting heart rate in the cardiopulmonary rehabilitation group.
Conclusion
The inclusion of upper limb exercise and inspiratory muscles training in pulmonary rehabilitation improves exercise tolerance in patients suffering from both COPD and coronary artery disease compared with cardiac rehabilitation alone.
... Rate of death with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was found higher in women in this phase of life than men. 5 A number of studies have reported that women between age 40-49 i.e. at the time of the menopause transition or perimenopausal period, had significantly greater risk of mortality. 6,7 Peri-menopausal/postmenopausal women had generally higher lipid level. 3,4,8 It is suggested that the ovarian function i.e. reduced production of estrogen might be one of the causative factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases in this period of life in female. ...
Background : One of risk factors for increased rate of cardiovascular diseases and development of menopausal symptoms in perimenopausal/postmenopausal women is reduced estrogen production. Yoga practice improved menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women. Whether yoga practice had effect on estrogen in perinomopausal/postmenopausal women was not known. Thus, this study was conducted to assess the effect of yoga on female hormones; estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) in perimenopausal women. Methods : The study included 60 perimenopausal women, grouped into yoga (n=30, age 44±2.64 years) and control (n=30, age 46±5.09 years) groups. The yoga group practiced meditation, pranayama and few simple asanas for 40 min/day, 6 days/week for 4 weeks. The control group did not practice any kinds of exercise. Levels of female hormones were assessed in all subjects at the beginning of the study and after four weeks of the study, and compared statistically. Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study. Results : Age, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), Heart rate (HR), and respiratory rate were comparable between the groups at the beginning of the study. Hormones LH and FSH showed no significant changes within and between group comparisons. Serum estrogen [11.95 (5.05-41.32) vs 24.47 (12.54-64.90) pg/ml, p=0.036] and progesterone [0.24 (0.10-1.02) vs 2.0 (0.25-9.73) ng/ml, p=0.012] increased in yoga group after yoga practice in within group comparisons, whereas, the control group showed no changes. Conclusion : Estrogen and progesterone levels increased in perimenopausal women after four weeks of yoga practice, whereas, LH and FSH showed no changes. It reveals that yoga practice can have cardio protective effects in perimenopausal women.
Alkol ve SporEmine AYTİŞErgen Sağlığı ve Fiziksel OkuryazarlıkHAKAN GÜÇLÜFiziksel Aktivite, Sağlıkta Hakkaniyet ve Sağlığın Sosyal BelirleyicileriEsma ATALANMerve UCAKardiyovasküler Hastalıkların Sporla ÖnlenmesiYunus Emre GÜLERKoşu Yaralanmalarını Önlemede Ayakkabıların Rolü ve Minimalist AyakkabılarNilgün ÇIRAKSporcularda Pelvik Taban SağlığıBeyza Nur YUMAKSporu Bırakan Sporcuların Karşılaştıkları SorunlarGıyasettin BAYDAŞMerve UCA
Introduction. Special indicators of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system allow studying in depth the nature, intensity and formulating reasoned program decisions aimed at reducing this pathology. The purpose of the study. Assess the mortality of the population by gender and age from diseases of the circulatory system in the Irkutsk region over the period of 2000–2020. Materials and methods. The subject of the study was mortality according to the class of circulatory system disease. Continuous observation was used using the statistical accounting form C51. The calculation of gender and age mortality tables and the elimination of differences in the age composition of the population was carried out by the direct method of standardization. Age-gender mortality was studied using complex time series analysis. Results. Calculations of ordinary and standardized mortality rates showed the mortality rate of the male population to be higher in almost all age groups. The mortality rate reaches a 4.5-fold excess in the 30–34 age group among men in 2000. Calculation of the expected number of deaths in the standard over the twenty-year study period revealed a higher gap in mortality rates from circulatory diseases in the male population and its shift to older age groups. The multiplicity of the expected number of deaths in the standard was a higher gap in the indicators in the male population for the age of 15–19 years — 6 times, 55–59 years — 5.7 times. The trend in age-related mortality — in the content of a 1% increase in mortality in cases, showed a pronounced character among the male population. Research limitations. When studying the usual and standardized mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system for the male and female population in the Irkutsk region, statistical analysis of data for the period 2000–2020 was used. Conclusion. An age-gender assessment of mortality from diseases of the circulatory system revealed: a predominance of the mortality rate of the male population over the female population and an increase in this gap in older age groups; an increase in the mortality rate in older age groups; the significance of standardized mortality rates.
Deep learning (DL) approaches provide predictive analysis capabilities for heart-related diseases (HRD), enabling early pattern detection and identification of associated risk factors. Additionally, nature-inspired algorithms have demonstrated their efficacy in optimizing complex problems, including risk prediction, treatment planning, and resource allocation in disease management. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid approach that combines DL methods with a nature-inspired algorithm. In this paper, the Crow Search Optimization Algorithm (CSOA) is integrated with DL techniques for HRD classification. The classification was performed using deep neural network (DNN) and convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithms. The experiments were conducted on two datasets: the Cardio dataset, containing numeric HRD data, and the NIH chest X-ray image dataset, comprising HRD-related X-ray images. Several optimizers, such as Stochastic Gradient Descent with Momentum, RMSProp, Adam, Adagrad, Follow the Regularized Leader, and Nadam, were evaluated for the classification task. Importantly, the combination of CSOA with DNN (CSOA-DNN) significantly enhances the performance of the DNN model on the Cardio dataset. Overall, the Adam and Nadam optimizers consistently outperform other optimizers across various performance parameters during both training and validation. Using the Adam optimizer, the classification accuracy reaches 96.6% (trained AR) and 92.2% (validation AR), with precision (PS) at 91%, recall (RL) at 95.5%, and F-score (FS) at 93.2%. Similarly, the Nadam optimizer achieves comparable results, with accuracy at 96.5% (trained AR) and 93.3% (validation AR), precision at 91.7%, recall at 95.7%, and F-score at 93.7%. These findings underscore the superior performance of the Adam and Nadam optimizers across various performance parameters in both DNN and CNN models. The incorporation of CSOA notably enhances the performance of the DNN model, leading to improved classification accuracy and other performance measures.
Introduction . Basing on the data of the “RACSMI-UZ” register, the article provides comparative analysis of the structure and transformation of diagnoses during acute coronary conditions in the dynamics (at admission and discharge), assesses patients' adherence to drug therapy depending on gender and also describes analysis of its effect on the short-term prognosis.
Material and methods. The study material included 449 patients with ACS/AMI hospitalized to relevant health care facilities of the experimental district of Tashkent. Two groups of patients were distinguished depending on the gender: group 1 included 243 male patients, and group 2 consisted of 206 female patients.
Results. The registration showed that ACS/AMI was more often observed in men than in women (54.1% vs. 45.9%, respectively). Male patients proved to be younger than female ones (p <0.05); obesity of different degree prevailed in women (48.0% in women vs. 29.6% in men, p <0.05). In the male population, AMI at admission was registered in 43 (17.7%) patients but the number of patients with this diagnosis increased at discharge (61 subjects, or 25.1%). Out of 243 men, 3.7% died and the largest number of deaths occurred in patients with initial diagnosis of unstable angina. In the female population, the incidence of AMI both with and without Q at admission was recorded 2 times less frequent than that at discharge from the hospital (8.7% of cases at admission and 17.5% of cases at discharge), which shows low vigilance of healthcare professionals in diagnostics of AMI in women. Mortality from ACS/ AMI in women was 3.4% with the largest number of deaths being associated with the initial diagnosis of AMI without Q. Compliance in females was somewhat higher than in males; men were prone to taking more medications (Mc’s), though there were no significant differences between men and women by the proportion of Mc’s taken. The direct correlation was found between the patients’ compliance level and the time interval: from admission to death of the respondent (p> 0.05).
Conclusion. ACS / AMI was more often recorded in men than in women, while the age of men was younger (p<0.05). Alertness of primary care physicians in ACS / AMI was low, especially for women. Compliance in women was higher than in men. Thus, the higher was the patient adherence to therapy, the more stable the body appeared to cardio stress.
Background
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the principal cause of death in developing countries including Ethiopia. No study reports the overall patterns of risk factors and burden of in-hospital mortality in Ethiopia. This study, therefore, aimed to assess the magnitude of risk factors, management, and in-hospital mortality of ACS in Ethiopia.
Methods
Electronic searching of articles was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, Scopus, Hinari, and Google Scholar to access articles conducted in Ethiopia. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews checklist was used for identification, eligibility screening, and selection of articles. Data were extracted with an abstraction form prepared with Microsoft Excel and exported to STATA for analysis. Funnel plot, Begg’s test, and Egger’s test were used to determine publication bias. Heterogeneity between the studies was checked by I ² statistic. The pooled prevalence of risk factors and in-hospital mortality of ACS were estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model.
Results
Most (59.367%) of the patients had ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Hypertension (54.814%) was the leading risk factor for ACS followed by diabetes mellitus (38.549%). Aspirin (56.903%) and clopidogrel (55.266%) were most frequently used in patients with STEMI ACS, respectively. The pooled proportion of in-hospital mortality of ACS was 14.82% which was higher in patients with STEMI (16.116%).
Conclusion
The rate of in-hospital mortality is still high which was higher in patients with STEMI. Initiation of treatment must consider the heterogeneity of each patient’s risk factor and reperfusion therapy should be implemented in our setting.
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