Article

Rockfall Measurements in Alpine Catchments by Using Terrestrial Laserscanning

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Abstract

The main goals of the investigation are to quantify rockfall from rock faces and to improve rockfall models. Up to now quantification of rockfall was done by indirect measurements on the rockfan, for example by nets. These methods were error-prone and did not consider for example lithological differences on the rock faces. So a differentiation between primary (weathering) and secondary rock fall (fluvial erosion) was not possible. So without this dif-ferntiation an exact quantification of erosion by weathering on rock faces is not feasible. In the presented research project a high resolution Terrestrial Laserscanner (Riegl LMS Z420ii) is used to quantify weathering on rock faces by multitemporal measurements (twice to thrize a year). Aditionally the rockfans are scanned too. So the runout distance of rocks can be determined. These measurements are done in three alpine catchments, which are situated in the northern (Wettersteinmountains near Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany), the central (Oetztal, Austria) and the southern part (Villnoesstal, Italy) of the alps. The three catchments have different climatic and lithologic conditions (Limestone, gneiss, dolomite). Beside the quantification of rockfall activity the measurements can help to develop rockfall models and to improve existing rockfall models. With the high reolution spatiotemporal data the disposition for rockfall activity can be modelled and so active areas on a rock face can be differentiate from inactive areas. By knowing the starting areas of rock fall and knowing the runout distances of rocks on rock fans, existing process models which predict runout distances, can be improved. The submitted poster presentation should show first analyses and results of the project which started in fall 2007.

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Klimarelevante Naturgefahren sind auf vielfältige Faktoren zurückzuführen, deren Zusammenwirken in der Gesamtheit betrachtet werden muss. Die vorbereitenden, auslösenden und kontrollierenden Faktoren werden in unterschiedlichster Weise vom Klimawandel beeinflusst. Die Autoren beschreiben beobachtete Trends und Projektionen zu Dürre, Waldbränden, gravitativen Massenbewegungen (Muren, Fels- und Bergstürze, Hangrutschungen) und Schneelawinen sowie das Zusammenspiel der unterschiedlichen Ursachen. Sie diskutieren darüber hinaus, welche der Veränderungen in der Häufigkeit oder Stärke von Naturgefahren tatsächlich ausschließlich dem Klimawandel zuzuschreiben sein könnten und welche Anteile hierbei der direkte menschliche Einfluss hat und konstatieren, dass eine eindeutige Trennung häufig nicht vollzogen werden kann.
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