In Defense of Wilhelm Reich: An Open Response to Nature and the Scientific /Medical Community

Abstract

A recent technology-comment article in Nature magazine exemplifies a growing problem in the sciences, in the reliance upon unfactual material sourced only to popular literature or to the "skeptic" press and generally written by prejudiced journalists, for evaluations of controversial scientific findings. There is no greater example of this than how the biography and work of the late Wilhelm Reich continues to be maliciously distorted and attacked. Reich’s writings and research on emotions, human sexuality, bioelectricity and biogenesis originally triggered a massive attack with sexual slander, in the German and Norwegian press in the 1930s lead-up to Hitlerism. These slanders were repeated and amplified in the American press after 1947, after his findings on bioenergetics and claims of a specific life-energy, the orgone energy, were publicly announced. A terribly biased US Food and Drug Administration investigation and alarming judicial reaction was triggered by the media assault, resulting in Reich’s death in prison, and the most outrageous episode of government-ordered book burning in American history. Reich’s life and research findings thereafter became a target for repeated slander and defamations.

Nature and journalist Glausiusz (2012) repeated some of these same discredited pop-media slanders against Reich, along with inaccurate history. A rebuttal article was submitted to Nature in response, but was refused within 24 hours, the on-line submission also deleted, making appeals impossible. A subsequent short Letter to the Editor was submitted, and was also refused. While Nature did eventually print their own minimalist correction of a few of the errors in the Glausiusz article, the very fact that sexual slander and falsehood could appear in Nature in the first place demonstrates how widely-believed popular fictions can undermine authentic peer review. Here, we have updated the original article submitted to Nature, and wish to sound an alarm on the dangers of combined popular media distortions, government censorship and book burning, and academic/medical scientism.

Full article available here: http://www.waterjournal.org/volume-4

Full text

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In Defense of Wilhelm Reich:
An Open Response to Nature and the Scientic /
Medical Community
DeMeo J1*, Albini A2, Aronstein WS3, Bingham A4, Del Giudice E5, Haralick
RM6, Herskowitz M7, Heimann M8, Hillman H9, Kavouras J10, Koblenzer
J11, Maluf N12, Maglione R13, Mazzocchi A14, Müschenich S15, Odent M16, Ok-
ouma PM17, Pollack G18, Pryatel W19, Reyes A20, Salat A21, Taylor R22, Tosi
M23, and Vecchietti A24
1 Director, Orgone Biophysical Research Lab, PO Box 1148, Ashland, Oregon 97520 USA
2 Physician, Rome, Italy
3 Physician, Glendale OH, USA
4 Psychologist, New York, NY, USA
5 Physicist (Retired), National Institute for Nuclear Physics, Milan, Italy
6 Distinguished Professor, Computer Science, Graduate Center, City University of New York, USA
7 Physician, former President, Institute for Orgonomic Science, Philadelphia, PA, USA
8 Doctoral Candidate, Psychology, Toulouse University, France
9 Director, Unity Laboratory of Applied Neurobiology, Sussex, UK
10 Physician, Podeldorf, Germany
11 Clinical Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA.
12 Doctoral Candidate, History of Science, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
13 Engineering Scientist, Moncrivello, Italy
14 Physician, Bergamo, Italy
15 Physician, Munster, Germany
16 Physician, Primal Health Research Centre, London, UK
17 Doctoral Candidate, Applied Mathematics, University of Cape Town, South Africa
18 Professor, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
19 Physician, North Dakota State Hospital, Jamestown, ND, USA
20 Physician, Reading, PA, USA
21 Physician, Bonndorf, Germany
22 Immunologist (Retired), University of Bristol, UK.
23 Psychotherapist, Centro Studi Eva Reich, Milano, Italy.
24 Biologist, Orgonomic Consulting and Research, Corridonia, Italy
*Correspondence E-mail: demeo@mind.net
Key Words: Wilhelm Reich, Albert Einstein, psychoanalysis, bioenergy, orgone energy, orgone accumulator, interstel-
lar medium, history of science, book burning, censorship
Received November 15th, 2012; Accepted November 16th, 2012; Published November 22nd, 2012; Available online
November 30th, 2012

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2012), the very fact that sexual slander and
falsehood could appear in Nature in the rst
place demonstrates how widely-believed
popular ctions can undermine authentic
peer review. Here, we have updated the
original article submitted to Nature, and
wish to sound an alarm on the dangers
of combined popular media distortions,
government censorship and book burning,
and academic/medical scientism.
Brief Overview of Reich and Conr-
mations
Wilhelm Reich was a central gure in
Freudian psychoanalysis during the period
of Weimar Germany. His therapeutic work
contributed to, but later departed from
traditional psychoanalysis, (Reich 1967)
leading to an entirely new set of approaches
for dealing with emotional, family and
sexual problems. This part of his early
work, while controversial, was historically
adopted by various health practitioners and
today is sometimes called (with greater or
lesser accuracy) orgone therapy, Reichian
therapy or body-oriented psychotherapy.
His methods are practiced in many nations
by various health practitioners including
psychologists, general practitioners
and board-certied psychiatrists, as an
alternative to psycho-pharmaceuticals.
(Baker 1967, Hochberg 1977, Von Uexkill
1990, Herskowitz 1998)
Reich’s larger sex-economic theory on
human behavior (Reich 1942, 1945, 1953a,
1967) has also been conrmed outside of
clinical contexts, via anthropological cross-
cultural evaluations. His therapeutic, sexual-
reform and experimental work argued for
a social causation to neuroses and mental
illness, addressing how people were driven
into miserable situations by such things
as traumatic childhoods, compulsive ship-
wrecked marriages, multiple unplanned
pregnancies, loveless ungratied sexuality,
Summary
A recent technology-comment article
in Nature magazine (Glausiusz 2012)
exemplies a growing problem in the
sciences, in the reliance upon unfactual
material sourced only to popular literature or
to the “skeptic” press and generally written
by prejudiced journalists, for evaluations
of controversial scientic ndings. There
is no greater example of this than how the
biography and work of the late Wilhelm
Reich continues to be maliciously distorted
and attacked. Reich’s writings and research
on emotions, human sexuality, bioelectricity
and biogenesis originally triggered a
massive attack with sexual slander, in the
German and Norwegian press in the 1930s
lead-up to Hitlerism. These slanders were
repeated and amplied in the American
press after 1947, after his ndings on
bioenergetics and claims of a specic life-
energy, the orgone energy, were publicly
announced. A terribly biased US Food and
Drug Administration investigation and
alarming judicial reaction was triggered by
the media assault, resulting in Reich’s death
in prison, and the most outrageous episode
of government-ordered book burning in
American history. Reich’s life and research
ndings thereafter became a target for
repeated slander and defamations. (Wolfe
1948, Baker 1972, 1973, Blasband 1972,
Greeneld 1974, DeMeo 2012a, 2012b, Web
Reference 1)
Nature and journalist Glausiusz (2012)
repeated some of these same discredited
pop-media slanders against Reich, along
with inaccurate history. A rebuttal article
was submitted to Nature in response, but
was refused within 24 hours, the on-line
submission also deleted, making appeals
impossible. A subsequent short Letter to
the Editor was submitted, and was also
refused. While Nature did eventually print
their own minimalist correction of a few of
the errors in the Glausiusz article (anon.

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and socio-economic factors (i.e., the
forbiddance of contraception or divorce,
or deep poverty) which exacerbated all
other problems. Societies that were heavily
burdened with pain inicting, pleasure
destroying and sex-repressive rituals and
social institutions developed inevitable
sadism and violence, which welled up
inside individuals and entire cultures. Such
emotive content was typically scapegoated
and periodically expressed in the outbreak
of aggressive wars or ethnic genocides.
These relationships as detailed by Reich
for Nazi Germany and the Stalinist Soviet
Union (Reich 1945, 1946, 1953a) were
systematically evaluated and conrmed
in later years, by two separate and robust
cross-cultural studies applying standard
ethnographic data as widely used for social
theory testing. (Prescott 1975, DeMeo 1986,
1991, 2006) The largest of these studies,
undertaken at the University of Kansas by
DeMeo (1986, 2006), reviewed 63 different
variables for over 1100 individual world
cultures, and revealed a high degree of
positive correlation for factors predicted by
Reich’s theory to be coherent and causally
associated. High-violence societies are
characterized by high levels of infant
trauma, child-abuse, sexual repression
and subordination of women. Low-violence
societies have low levels of trauma, abuse
and repression, with a more equal status for
women. World maps developed from the
variables in that study revealed additional
new geographical-historical ndings,
notably in how the world regions of large
harsh deserts (Sahara, Arabia, Central Asia)
are characterized by the highest global
levels of social violence and war within
their tribal subsistence-level cultures. The
geographical patterns thereby afrmed
Reich, in that human violence did not
develop from anything genetic or inherent
to the human species.
Reich also undertook the rst-ever
bioelectric studies on human sexuality
and emotions, at the University of Oslo
Department of Psychology. (Reich 1937) His
work remains unique in the eld of sexual
research, even today, in his focus upon the
antithesis between pleasure and anxiety,
or parasympathetic versus sympathetic
nervous excitation. Reich’s specic
experiments were recently conrmed in an
investigation undertaken at the University
of Vienna. (Hebenstreit 2010)
Reich’s discovery of the bions, transitional
micro-vesicles standing between the worlds
of the living and non-living, provided
critical clues on the origins of life question.
(Reich 1938) Bions could be produced from
either disintegrating organic materials, or
from incandescently heated rock, sand or
metal powders which were then plunged
into sterile nutrient broths, with additional
freezing and thawing. Today the bions would
be classied as extremophiles or possibly
Archaea, while for biological processes
his bionous disintegration discovery
nds parallels in the modern concept
of apoptosis. His ndings on bionous
disintegration of inorganic materials, such
as sand, rock and metals, pre-dated similar
work by modern investigators of biogenesis
and astrobiology, and anticipated such
discoveries as the deep-ocean hydrothermal
vents, or life-like structures in Martian
meteorites. These ndings also lay at the
foundation of Reich’s later work on the
cancer process (Reich 1948, Dew 1981), and
also provided a bridge into the discovery of
the orgone energy. The bion experimental
proofs have been widely repeated under
sterile conditions, with many published
microphotos of the bions. (duTeil 1938,
Grad 1955, Dew 1989, Shanahan 1993,
Snyder 1997, DeMeo 2002a)
Unfortunately, Reich’s therapy methods,
sexual theories, bioelectrical experiments
and bion discoveries were all slandered and

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attacked in the German and Scandinavian
press of the 1930s. The same slanders,
spiced up with new ones, were repeated in
later decades within the American press.
(Wolfe 1948, Sharaf 1983, Web Reference 1)
As to the orgone energy and orgone
accumulator, these are authentic and bona-
de scientic discoveries, worthy of serious
investigation. The orgone accumulator
has similarities to a Faraday cage, as well
as to a large hollowed-out capacitor in
that it is composed of metal conductive
material layered with dielectric insulation.
Its material composition is just as exacting
as any Faraday or capacitor device (Reich
1951a, DeMeo 2010a), and is not some
cobbled-together “metal lined wood
cabinet” as is widely misreported by the
many non-scientists in the newspapers or
“skeptic clubs”. By analogy, can a neutrino
detector be dismissed as “a metal tank
covered with dirt, lled with water, and into
which a camera is poked”? Or a telescope as
“a worthless hollow tube containing some
blobs of glass”?
Reich, for example, published experimental
results indicating a 3-times extension of
the life-spans of cancer mice charged up
daily inside an orgone accumulator, versus
control mice who were not so charged.
(Reich 1948) Other investigators have
reported orgone accumulator stimulation
of cancer mice life-span extensions from 1.6
to 2-times over controls. (Blasband 1973,
1984, Trotta & Marer 1990)
Two double-blind and controlled exper-
iments have veried the overall bioenergy-
boosting and parasympathetic stimulus of
the orgone accumulator on human subjects,
one undertaken at the University of Mar-
burg, Germany (Muschenich & Gebauer
1986, 1987), the other at the University of
Vienna (Hebenstreit 1995), showing results
in support of Reich (1948). Special narrow
tube-type orgone accumulators have
also been demonstrated to stimulate the
effects of acupuncture needles, but without
physical contact to the body. (Senf 1979,
Southgate 2009) The orgone accumulator
has also been demonstrated to stimulate the
larger bioelectrical functions in the body,
as determined through acupuncture meri-
dian evaluations. (Mazzocchi & Maglione
2010) And there are simply too many
clinical studies to list here, of independent
physicians applying the orgone accumulator
to various illnesses and conditions, showing
pronounced life-enhancing and symptom
-reducing benets. (Kavouras 2005,
Müschenich 1995, Web Reference 2)
The biological effects of the orgone accum-
ulator appear to be produced by an energetic
boosting of the immune system, an
inuence that is objectively documented in
the Reich blood test. (Reich 1948, Raphael
& MacDonald 1952, Baker et al 1984) Daily
treatments with the orgone accumulator have
been shown to visibly increase the turgidity,
charge and resistance of erythrocytes to
stress-deterioration within physiological
saline solutions. Orgone accumulator
inuences have similarly been observed in
the standard erythrocyte sedimentation test
(Bauer 1987), suggesting an increase in the
z-potential of cells. Overall, the ndings
demonstrate an increased bioenergy level
and vitality from the orgone radiation,
which is communicated through skin and
into the blood, affecting the organism
systemically. (Reich 1948)
Effects upon plants have also been noted
since Reich’s time by many independent
investigators, showing an increase in overall
growth, owering and fruiting, including
by organic gardeners. (Courie 1955, Lance
1977, Espanca 1981-86, Claymond 1987)
A recent multi-year controlled laboratory
study of sprouting mung beans showed a
signicant growth-enhancement inside the

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accumulator over controls, with an average
34% increase in sprout length (p<0.0001).
(DeMeo 2010b)
There are also measurable physical anom-
alies within the orgone accumulator, most
of which were rstly reported by Reich, and
nearly all of which have been independently
veried. The natural leak of a charged static
electroscope can be slowed when placed
inside an accumulator as compared to the
outside air, even when the same outside air is
freely mixing inside the accumulator. (Reich
1948, Baker 1969-1970, Maglione 2012) A
thermal anomaly was also observed by Reich,
wherein the accumulator spontaneously
developed a slightly higher temperature of
around 0.1 ºC than its environment. (Reich
1948) This experiment has been conrmed
repeatedly, in more recent years using
thermally balanced control enclosures or
elaborated shading structures. (Blasband
1971, Seiler 1982, DeMeo 2009, Maglione
2012) One multi-year investigation of this
phenomenon, isolated inside a shaded
insulated hut with rotating platform,
demonstrated a pulsatory thermal effect of
up to 0.7 ºC peaking out at solar noon and
with a minima around midnight. This was
suggestive of gravitational tidal functions
but not diurnal air temperature variations.
(DeMeo 2009) High vacuum tubes charged
inside the accumulator were observed
by Reich, conrmed later by others, to
yield increased ionization effects; orgone-
charged GM tubes may yield very high CPM
from normal background radiation. (Reich
1951b, Milian 2002, DeMeo 2011a, 2011b,
Maglione 2012)
Water charged up inside an orgone
accumulator has been observed to
evaporate more slowly than control water
samples (DeMeo 1980, 2011a). Similarly,
orgone-charged water has been observed
to develop a higher UV absorption over
control samples in the 220-280 nm range.
(DeMeo 2011a, 2011b) Even Reich’s
frequently ridiculed cloudbuster device,
which is grounded into water and aims to
inuence the distribution of moisture in the
atmosphere, has shown positive results in
systematic eld experiments for increasing
rains in drylands. These experiments
include a two-year eld study carried out
at the University of Kansas, (DeMeo 1979)
drought-abatement tests supported by
the governments of Israel (DeMeo 1993a)
and Namibia (DeMeo 1993b), and a ve-
year program of testing sponsored by the
government of Eritrea (DeMeo 2002b).
Maglione (2007) has surveyed the work
undertaken on this important subject going
back to Reich’s rst experiments.
Space limitations prevent elaboration on
these ndings, especially for Reich’s own
extensive publications. (Web Reference 2)
It should nevertheless be obvious even to the
rational skeptic that, if true, Reich’s work
constitutes a major breakthrough in various
elds, and his orgonomy – the science of
life-energy functions in nature – would be
equal to any major science controversy as
seen over the last several hundred years.
The history of science suggests, we should
therefore not be surprised to see such anger,
slander, defamation, biased government
investigations, and even imprisonment
and book-burning as a consequence.
The Glausiusz Nature Errors
In Nature, Glausiusz wrote:
Another misconceived machine ... created
by psychoanalyst Wilhelm Reich in 1940, is
the Orgone Energy Accumulator, a wooden
cubicle lined with sheet metal and steel
wool. A follower of Freud, Reich believed
that a concentration of “orgone”, which
he conceived of as a primordial form of
energy, would increase “orgastic potency”.
This would, in turn, relieve pent-up psychic

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and physical tensions, promoting general
health and vitality, and even playing a part
in curing cancer. Reich offered the box for
testing to Albert Einstein, who pronounced
it a dud. Among those treated with orgone
therapy was British computer-science
pioneer Alan Turing, who was forced into
treatment to “cure” his homosexuality.
(Glausiusz 2012)
This statement has a number of glaring
errors and slanderous comments.
Glausiusz misrepresented the orgone
accumulator as a mere “wooden cubicle
lined with sheet metal and steel wool”, and
then repeated the widely-parroted slander
claiming Reich said the orgone accumulator
would “increase orgastic potency” or was
used for “curing cancer”. But Reich never
said any such things. Those words are lies
generated by his sex-anxious critics in the
popular press of the mid-20th Century,
designed to promote instant disbelief
among ignorant others. (Wolf 1948, Baker
1972, 1973, Blasband 1972, Greeneld 1974,
Sharaf 1983, DeMeo 2012a, Web reference
1) Nature never corrected or retracted those
comments by Glausiusz. (anon. 2012)
Reich also did not merely “offer the box
for testing” to Albert Einstein, as claimed
by Glausiusz. Einstein invited Reich to
his home and, when rstly shown the
orgone accumulator and several of its
anomalous properties during their 5-hour
meeting, Einstein declared that, if true,
it would be “a great bomb” for physics.
After independently testing the orgone
accumulator for several weeks, Einstein
wrote to Reich on 7 February 1941: “I
have now investigated your apparatus...
[and] made enough readings without
any changes in your arrangements. The
box thermometer showed regularly a
temperature of about 0.3 - 0.40 [degrees
C.] higher than the one suspended freely.”
(Einstein 1941, Reich 1953)
Einstein thereby conrmed Reich on the
thermal anomaly. It was, and still is, a
real phenomenon. While Einstein nally
concluded the thermal anomaly was due
to convection currents in the room, Reich
wrote to him a few days later outlining a
series of necessary control experiments
by which the convection argument would
be ruled out. (Reich 1953) Einstein never
undertook those control experiments, but
as noted above, others have, re-conrming
the Reich orgone accumulator thermal
anomaly. Nature did partly correct the
Glausiusz error on Einstein, (anon.
2012) in that there is no evidence he ever
pronounced the orgone accumulator “a
dud” – those were Glausiusz’s words,
not Einstein’s. However, Nature failed
to mention Einstein’s open and serious
interest in Reich’s ndings, his willingness
to invite Reich to his home, to spend hours
with him in discussions, and then to study
the orgone accumulator over several weeks,
with his eventual conrmation of the
thermal anomaly. (Reich 1953)
As given in the above quote, Glausiusz
also implied that Reich and the orgone
accumulator had something to do with the
1954 suicide of Alan Turing, mixing it up
with sexual slander. This was apparently
based upon something she saw or heard
at a New Museum exhibit in New York
City. Turing was one of the famous code-
breakers of British Intelligence during
World War 2, who came under public
scandal when newspapers reported he
had sexual relations with a 19-year old
male. The courts sentenced him to medical
hormone treatments (chemical castration),
and he allegedly committed suicide about
two years later. (Leavitt 2006) This history
is easily available from his biographies, but
Glausiusz managed to bungle it and imply
that Reich and the orgone accumulator

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were somehow involved in Turing’s forced
therapy and suicide.
To be clear about it, there is rstly no
evidence Turing was ever treated with
Reich’s therapy methods, either voluntarily
or by court orders. Reich had no therapy
trainees in the UK at that early date. Nor is
there any evidence Turing even knew about
the orgone accumulator, much less owned
one. Secondly, Reich had been active in
the European sex-reform movement prior
to his ight to the USA in 1939, promoting
a social-reform platform that included the
decriminalization of homosexuality. (Reich
1931, Sharaf 1983) There is nothing in
Reich’s biography to suggest he or any of his
trainees would have agreed with the chemical
castration of homosexuals, nor to offer the
orgone accumulator for similar agendas.
Nature magazine minimally corrected this
error in their article, indicating that Turing
had been “treated with hormones”.
However, the more egregious slanders and
omissions were never corrected by Nature,
as noted above, and by refusing to publish
the longer response article, clarifying that
Reich was a decent and serious natural
scientist with many conrmations of his
work, the overall false impressions of Reich
as cooked-up by his many detractors, were
left standing.
Nevertheless, the weight of studied and
authentic scientic and medical opinion,
based upon renewed direct experimental
investigations and clinical applications by
professionals within more recent decades,
supports Reich. His widely-ridiculed
orgone is not merely conceptually similar
to the older and once-respected cosmic
ether, (Miller 1933, Munera 2011) but runs
parallel to many modern physical theories
which speak to a still-mysterious medium
that lls all of space, such as neutrino sea,
dark matter, or interstellar media.
The scientic reception process utterly
failed in Reich’s case, in a degeneration
towards crude scientism, accompanied by
public hysteria fanned by salacious yellow
journalism in the popular media. Today, a
tidal wave of slander and distortion oods
over Reich’s grave, from mainstream
journalism and internet sites, authored by
hostile non-scientists in “skeptic clubs”,
sometimes wildly exaggerated by ignorant
lay-enthusiasts, or as found in arts or
literary journalistic hit-pieces, aping as
“history”. (Baker 1972, 1973, Blasband 1972,
DeMeo 2012a, 2012b, Greeneld 1974, Web
Reference 1, Web Reference 2)
The Reich legal case has similarities to the
Scopes “monkey trial”, but was far worse
in malicious intent, in the willingness of
Reich’s persecutors to openly lie, and in
the nal outcome. Reich’s persecution is
only truly comparable to Scopes, if Darwin
himself had been dragged into court,
slandered as a sexual pervert, thrown into
prison on a technicality with his laboratory
violated by federal police, followed by the
axing of his research instruments, and his
books and journals carried off for burning –
and then for poor Darwin to be continually
held up for public scorn and ridicule,
including within the scientic and medical
community, over many decades after his
death. All that happened to Reich. And the
public ridicule and misrepresentations are
still happening today, some 50+ years after
his death, as revealed most recently in the
Glausiusz Nature article.
A review of the actual facts of Wilhelm
Reich’s life and work suggests a tragic
historical-scientic misjudgment and
prejudiced dismissal. It is well past time
for serious physicians and natural scientists
to ignore the court jesters and skeptic
clubbers, and take a fresh and unbiased
look at Wilhelm Reich’s actual work, from

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his original sources, as well as from the
scientic and experimental replications by
other professionals who have made a careful
and responsible study of his ndings.
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Web References
Web Reference 1. There have been over 130 major
anti-Reich attacks published in books, magazines,
newspapers and in avant-garde lms, in the English
language alone, following his arrival in the USA in
1939. This does not include the many similar attacks
against Reich that appeared in the Nazi and Com-
munist Party press in Germany, Denmark and Nor-
way during his European period (1925-1939). These
were nearly all “opinion articles” containing slan-
der and falsehoods, written by journalists or other
non-scientists without serious reference to original
source material and frequently making deliberate
lies. Of the very few written by people with scholarly
training, in all but two, no experiments were under-
taken to test Reich’s ideas. In the two cases where
claims were made to have undertaken testing, noth-
ing of detail was ever published and when privately
requested to share the details of their ndings, the
reply back was silence. http://www.orgonelab.org/
bibliogPLAGUE.htm
Web Reference 2. The on-line Bibliography
on Orgonomy, listing various research papers by
Wilhelm Reich and his associates, as well as those
undertaken in the decades after his death. http://
www.orgonelab.org/bibliog.htm