ArticlePDF Available

First report of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of the asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in the state of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

  • July 2012
Authors:
Takumasa Kondo at Agrosavia
Takumasa Kondo
Edgar Mauricio Quintero at National University of Colombia
Edgar Mauricio Quintero
Campuzano
Campuzano
Campuzano
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Kris Wyckhuys at The University of Queensland
Kris Wyckhuys
Show all 5 authorsHide
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract

Here we report for the first time the presence of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing the Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in three municipalities, i.e, Palmira, Sevilla and Zarzal, in the Department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Content uploaded by Takumasa Kondo
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Takumasa Kondo
Content may be subject to copyright.
48 Kondo et al., first report of Tamarixia radiata, a parasitoid of Diaphorina citri.
NOTA CIENTÍFICA
FIRST REPORT OF TAMARIXIA RADIATA (WATERSTON) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE), A
PARASITOID OF THE ASIAN CITRUS PSYLLID DIAPHORINA CITRI KUWAYAMA
(HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) IN THE DEPARTMENT OF VALLE DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA
Takumasa Kondo, Edgar Mauricio Quintero Q.
Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (CORPOICA), Centro de Investigación Palmira,
Colombia; correo electrónico: takumasa.kondo@gmail.com; emquinteroq@gmail.com
Mauricio Campuzano, Kris A. G. Wyckhuys
International Center for Tropical Agriculture CIAT, Recta Palmira-Cali, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia;
correo electrónico: ngeniero.agropaisajes@gmail.com; kwyck2012@gmail.com
John Heraty
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, C A, USA; correo electrónico:
john.heraty@ucr.edu
Figure 1. Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). A, emerging from Diaphorina citri nymph; B, male. Note plumose
antennae; C, female. Photos by E.M. Quintero.
Here we report for the first time the presence of
Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera:
Eulophidae) (Figure 1) parasitizing the Asian ci-
trus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemip-
tera: Psyllidae) in three municipalities, i.e, Palmi-
ra, Sevilla and Zarzal, in the Department of Valle
del Cauca, Colombia.
The Asian citrus psyllid D. citri is an economi-
cally important citrus pest in many citrus growing
regions of the world (Halbert & Manjunath 2004;
Manjunath et al. 2008). Diaphorina citri has a
wide distribution, recorded from Asia [Afghanis-
tan, Bangladesh, Cambodia (unconfirmed), China,
Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Is-
lands), Lao, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal,
Pakistan, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore,
Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam], Africa
[Mauritius, Réunion], the Caribbean [Bahamas,
Belize (from interception), Cayman Islands, Cuba,
Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Jamaica, Puer-
to Rico, and St. Thomas (from interception)],
Central America [Honduras (from interception)
and Mexico], South America [Argentina, Brazil,
Boletín del Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle 13(1): 48-51, 2012 49
Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela]
and North America [USA] (Augier et al. 2006,
Cermeli et al. 2007, EPPO 2005, Étienne et al.
2001, Halbert & Núñez 2004, ICA 2010, Villalo-
bos et al. 2005). Diaphorina citri was reported in
Colombia for the first time in 2007 and has been
recorded since from the Departments of Antio-
quia, Atlántico, Bolívar, Caldas, Cauca, Cesar,
Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Norte
de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander, Su-
cre, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca (ICA 2010).
The Asian citrus psyllid D. citri can cause direct
damage by sucking large amounts of sap, injecting
toxins that cause malformation of leaves and
shoots and by inducing sooty molds that grow on
its excreted honeydew (Michaud 2004). Moreo-
ver, D. citri is a vector of the phloem limited
gram-negative bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter
asiaticus, one of the pathogens that cause the de-
vastating citrus disease “Huanglongbing” (HLB)
or citrus greening disease (Halbert & Manjunath
2004).
Because of the importance of D. citri as a vector
of HLB, controlling this insect is a critical com-
ponent of disease prevention, containment and
management. In Reunion Island where D. citri has
been introduced, the psyllid has been controlled
successfully with the introduction of the ectopara-
sitoid T. radiata introduced from Pakistan (Étien-
ne & Aubert 1980).
Tamarixia radiata has been reported in Argentina,
Brazil, China, Guadeloupe, India, Indonesia, Ma-
laysia, Mauritius Mexico, Nepal, Pakistan, Philip-
pines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Saudi Arabia, Tai-
wan, Thailand, USA (Florida and Texas), Vene-
zuela and Vietnam (Cermeli et al. 2007, Lizondo
et al. 2007, Mann & Stelinski 2010, Zuparko et al.
2011). In mid 2011, T. radiata was suspected to
parasitize D. citri in citrus orchards in the Colom-
bian State of Cundinamarca (Rubio et al. 2011),
but taxonomic confirmation is pending. This is the
first scientific report of T. radiata in Colombia.
Samples of parasitoids species of Diaphorina citri
were collected on the leaves of three Citrus spp.
(Rutaceae): Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus si-
nensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Salustiana and Citrus lati-
folia Tanaka. Specimens were identified as Tama-
rixia radiata (Waterston) by JH using the original
description (Waterston 1922) and additional
comments by Prinsloo (1980) and Hayat & Shahi
(2004). There are 47 described species of Tamari-
xia and only identification to regional faunas in
North America, Europe and India (Zuparko et al.
2011). Prior to the introduction of T. radiata, Ta-
marixia was not recorded from South America ot-
her than a casual record of some unplaced species
(LaSalle 1994). Tamarixia radiata can be distin-
guished by a combination of having the wing
speculum with sparse setae, the femora and tibia
usually completely yellow, at most slightly darke-
ned dorsally, the propodeal disc smooth and la-
cking carinae between the spiracle and median ca-
rina, and the abdomen dark laterally and dorso-
medially yellow (less pronounced and more ante-
rior in male). The male has a distinct ventral sense
organ located in the basal third of the scape (cf.
fig. 7, Waterston 1922) rather than being located
medially. Because of recent biological control ef-
forts, T. radiata is being spread in citrus-growing
regions worldwide (Michaud 2004, Noyes 2011,
Zuparko et al. 2011).
Material studied. Tamarixia radiata (Waterston).
Colombia: Valle del Cauca, Palmira, Corpoica
Research Station, 03°30'32"N, 76°19'12"W, 1015
m, 08.ix.2011, E.M. Quintero & T. Kondo, ex
Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psylli-
dae) on Citrus reticulata Blanco (Rutaceae),
TK001 (5 females); same data except TK002 (1
male); TK003 (1 male); same data except on Ci-
trus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Salustiana, TK004 (1
male), TK005 (1 male), TK006 (3 males), TK010
(5 females and 3 males). Colombia: Valle del
Cauca, Zarzal, finca Las Lajas, 04°25'33''N,
76°04'06''W, 914 m, 14.vii.2011, Mauricio
Campuzano, ex Diaphorina citri, on Citrus latifo-
lia Tanaka, CIAT-002 (1 male, no head and in
poor shape, indentity questionable); same data as
CIAT-002 except CIAT-003 (1 female); same da-
ta, except CIAT-004, 07.x.2011 (1 female). Co-
lombia: Valle del Cauca, Sevilla, vereda Altomi-
ra, finca Frutales Altomira, 04°21'59.05''N,
75°53'18''W, 1158 m, 06.x.2011, Mauricio
Campuzano, ex Diaphorina citri, on Citrus reticu-
lata, CIAT-005 (1 female). Colombia: Valle del
Cauca, Sevilla, vereda Altomira, finca El Danu-
bio, 04°20'29''N, 75°52'51''W, 1182 m,
02.xi.2011, Mauricio Campuzano, ex Diaphorina
citri, on Citrus reticulata, CIAT-006 (1 male). All
material deposited at the Department of Entomo-
logy, University of California, Riverside (UCRC).
Voucher specimens for material collected by
EMQ and TK are deposited at the Entomology co-
llection of Corpoica Palmira Research Station.
50 Kondo et al., first report of Tamarixia radiata, a parasitoid of Diaphorina citri.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank the Colombian Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR) that
funded the short-termed research project: “Plan de
contingencia para el manejo de Diaphorina citri
vector de HLB (enfermedad catastrófica de cítri-
cos) y caracterización de enemigos naturales”.
Many thanks to Juan Humberto Guarin for mana-
ging the funds for Corpoica. Part of the sampling
was carried out within the project “Agricultura
Específica por Sitio Compartiendo Experiencias
(AESCE)”, which is funded through Asohofrucol.
Funds of the latter project were managed by
CIAT.
LITERATURE CITED
Augier, L., G. Gastaminza, M. Lizondo, M. Argañaraz & E. Willink. 2006. Presencia de Diaphorina citri
(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) en el Noroeste Argentino (NOA). Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Ar-
gentina 65 (3-4): 67-68.
Cermeli, M., P. Morales Valle, J. Perozo & F. Godoy. 2007. Distribución del psílido asiático de los cítricos
(Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) y presencia de Tamarixia radiata (Waterston)
(Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) en Venezuela. Entomotrópica. 22(3): 181-184.
Étienne, J. & B. Aubert. 1980. Biological control of psyllid vectors of greening disease on Reunion Island.
Pp. 118-121, in: Proceedings, 8th Conference of the International Organization of Citrus Virolo-
gists, 13-31 May 1979, Sidney, Australia. University of California Press, Riverside, CA.
Étienne, J., S. Quilici, D. Marival & A. Franck. 2001. Biological control of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera:
Psyllidae) in Guadeloupe by imported Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Fruits, 56:
307-315.
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO). 2005. Data Sheets on Quarantine Pests:
Diaphorina citri. http://www.eppo.org/QUARANTINE/insects/Diaphorina_citri/DIAACI_ds.pdf
(accessed on 3/01/2012).
Halbert, S. E. & K. L. Manjunath. 2004. Asian citrus psyllids (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) and greening disea-
se of citrus: a literature review and assessment of risk in Florida. Florida Entomologist, 87: 330-
353.
Halbert, S. E. & C. A. Núñez. 2004. Distribution of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama
(Rhynchota: Psyllidae), in the Caribbean basin. Florida Entomologist, 87 (3): 401-402.
Hayat, M. & M. H. Shahi. 2004. Taxonomic notes on Indian Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) - 1. On
the types of some Tetrastichinae. Oriental Insects, 38: 303-314.
Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA). 2010. Situación actual de HLB (Huanglonbing) y su vector el psi-
lido asiático de los cítricos (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) en Colombia. Boletín epidemiológico.
LaSalle, J. 1994. North American genera of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Journal of Natural
History, 28: 109-236.
Lizondo, M. J., G. Gastaminza, V. A. Costa, L. Augier, M. L. Gómez Torres, E. Willink & J. R. P. Parra.
2007. Records of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Northwestern Argentina. Re-
vista Industrial y Agrícola de Tucumán, 84(1): 21-22.
Manjunath, K. L., S. E. Halbert, C. Ramadugu, S. Webb & R. F. Lee. 2008. Detection of ‘Candidatus Liberi-
bacter asiaticus’ in Diaphorina citri and its importance in the management of Citrus Huanglong-
bing in Florida. Phytopathology, 98(4): 387-396.
Mann, R. S. & L. L. Stelinski. 2010. An Asian citrus psyllid parasitoid, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Featu-
red Creatures. EENY-475. http://entnemdept.ifas. ufl.edu/creatures/beneficial/wasps/tamarixia_ ra-
diata.htm (accessed on 3/01/2012).
Michaud, J. P. 2004. Natural mortality of Asian citrus psyllid (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in Central Florida. Bio-
logical Control, 29(2): 260-269.
Noyes, J. S. 2011. Universal Chalcidoidea Database website. www.nhm.ac.uk/entomology/chalcidoids/index.
html (accessed on 4/01/2012).
Prinsloo, G. L. 1980. Annotated records of economically important Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) from South
Africa. I. Phytophylactica, 12: 159-163.
Rubio, T., M. Zambrano, A. Castro A., V. A. Costa & E. Ebratt 2011. Diaphorina citri Kuwayama y Tamari-
xia radiata (Waterson) en cultivos de cítricos de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Pp. 105, in: Abstracts
Boletín del Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle 13(1): 48-51, 2012 51
of the XXXVIII Congreso de la Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología (SOCOLEN). July 27-29,
2011. Manizales, Colombia.
Villalobos, W., D. Hollis, C. Godoy & C. Rivera. 2005. First report of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psylli-
dae) in Costa Rica. Insecta Mundi, 19(3): 151-152.
Waterston, J. 1922. On the chalcid parasites of psyllids (Homoptera). Bulletin of Entomological Research, 13:
41-58.
Zuparko, R. L., D. L. De Queiroz & J. LaSalle. 2011. Two new species of Tamarixia (Hymenoptera: Eulop-
hidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (He-
miptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California. Zootaxa, 2921: 13-27.
Recibido enero 6, 2012, publicado julio 2012
... En consecuencia, este himenóptero ha sido ampliamente estudiado y descrito en numerosos países como un efectivo agente de control biológico (ACB) de D. citri (Postali-Parra et al. 2016). En Colombia, Ebratt-Ravelo et al. (2011a) y Kondo et al. (2012) lo reportaron asociado al vector. En este manual se describen los pasos esenciales del proceso de cría masiva de T. radiata adaptados a las condiciones del Valle del Cauca, Colombia; se tomó como base el modelo de producción del parasitoide que se utiliza en México (Sánchez- González et al. 2015). ...
... Recientemente, Khan et al. (2016) reportaron la mariquita Adalia bipunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) como un potencial depredador de D. citri que está disponible en el mercado norteamericano. En Colombia, hay dos parasitoides que lo atacan: T. radiata (Ebratt-Ravelo et al. 2011a;Kondo et al. 2012) y Diaphorencyrtus sp. . En suma, de acuerdo con lo informado en la literatura (Hernández-Fuentes et al. 2014;Kondo et al. 2015b;Sánchez-González et al. 2015), el número total de los artrópodos enemigos naturales de D. citri en el mundo es de 101 especies distribuidas en nueve órdenes y 26 familias (tabla 1). ...
... Los adultos de T. radiata son pequeñas avispas negras de 0,92 a 1,04 mm de largo, con los ojos bastante separados (figura 3a, b y c); la cabeza es un poco más ancha que larga y las alas son hialinas con venas amarillo pálido (Kondo et al. 2012). El dimorfismo sexual es evidente entre el macho (figura 3b) y la hembra adulta (figura 3c); los machos son ligeramente más pequeños que las hembras en cuanto a la longitud total y la extensión de las alas; el ovipositor de la hembra apenas sobresale del abdomen (figura 3c) (Waterston 1922). ...
... radiata can also be found in Aubert and Quilici (1984), Chen and Stansly (2014), and Hoy (2005); information on nymphs of D. citri parasitized by D. aligarhensis are found in Rohrig (c2010, c2014) and Qing (1990). Character states of the adults of T. radiata were taken from Kondo et al. (2012) and Qing and Aubert (1990), and those of D. aligarhensis taken from Rohrig (c2014). These reports agree well with our observations. ...
Kondo, T., Woolley, J.B., Arciniegas, K.T., &, Campos-Patiño, Y. (2022). First report from Colombia and diagnosis of the wasp Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Shafee, Alam and Agarwal) (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of Asian citrus psyllid. Caldasia, 44(3): 44(3): 541‒552. Doi: https://doi.org/10.15446/caldasia.v44n3.95918
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2022
Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is herein reported for the first time from Colombia based on specimens collected in the municipality of Palmira, department of Valle del Cauca. Adult male and female wasps of this endoparasitoid are diagnosed based on published literature and character states taken from specimens collected in the present study. The adult parasitoids were extracted from parasitized nymphs (mummies) of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Information is provided on the differences in the morphology of parasitized nymphs of D. citri with exit holes made by the two main primary parasitoids, i.e., Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and D. aligarhensis. Rates of parasitization on D. citri ranged from 1.5 to 24.2 % for T. radiata and 0.3 to 1.0 % for D. aligarhensis. With the present study, the presence of D. aligarhensis in Colombia becomes the second confirmed report of the species in South America, after Ecuador.
... radiata can also be found in Aubert and Quilici (1984), Chen and Stansly (2014), and Hoy (2005); information on nymphs of D. citri parasitized by D. aligarhensis are found in Rohrig (c2010, c2014) and Qing (1990). Character states of the adults of T. radiata were taken from Kondo et al. (2012) and Qing and Aubert (1990), and those of D. aligarhensis taken from Rohrig (c2014). These reports agree well with our observations. ...
First report in Colombia and diagnosis of Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid wasp of Diaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2022
Diaphorencyrtus aligarhensis (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is herein reported for the first time from Colombia based on specimens collected in the municipality of Palmira, department of Valle del Cauca. Adult male and female wasps of this endoparasitoid are diagnosed based on published literature and character states taken from specimens collected in the present study. The adult parasitoids were extracted from parasitized nymphs (mummies) of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Information is provided on the differences in the morphology of parasitized nymphs of D. citri with exit holes made by the two main primary parasitoids, i.e., Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and D. aligarhensis. Rates of parasitization on D. citri ranged from 1.5 to 24.2 % for T. radiata and 0.3 to 1.0 % for D. aligarhensis. With the present study, the presence of D. aligarhensis in Colombia becomes the second confirmed report of the species in South America, after Ecuador.
... Ambas bacterias son transmitidas por Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), el psílido asiático de los cítricos y principal vector de HLB, que se hospeda en al menos 25 géneros de la familia Rutaceae, incluyendo todas las variedades de cítricos comerciales (Bové, 2006;Pérez-Artiles et al., 2017 Hall et al., 2013). En Colombia, la presencia de D. citri se informó por primera vez en 2007 en los departamentos de Tolima y Valle del Cauca (Ebratt et al., 2011;King, 2012;Kondo et al., 2012). Más tarde, se detectó en los departamentos de Antioquia, Atlántico, Caldas, Casanare, Cesar, Córdoba, Cundinamarca, Bolívar, Cauca, Huila, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Quindío, Risaralda, Santander y Vichada (Ángel et al., 2014). ...
Análisis de riesgo potencial de Huanglongbing a través de tecnología geoespacial en Colombia
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2020
Huanglongbing (HLB) es una de las enfermedades más destructivas que afecta a los cítricos en el mundo. En el continente americano, HLB se detectó primero en Brasil y posteriormente en Florida (Estados Unidos). Las áreas citrícolas de Colombia se mantuvieron libres de la enfermedad hasta que en abril de 2016 el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) declaró en cuarentena fitosanitaria al departamento de La Guajira por la presencia de HLB. En ese momento se intensificaron las acciones de control y erradicación; sin embargo, el informe del primer semestre de 2018 elaborado por el ICA reportó la presencia de HLB en seis departamentos del norte de Colombia. El presente estudio propone una metodología para analizar el riesgo potencial de HLB y su insecto vector Diaphorina citri mediante el uso de tecnología geoespacial, que permite determinar la ubicación de plantas hospederas, grados días de desarrollo del vector y variables bioclimáticas. Los resultados señalan que cerca del 15 % de las áreas citrícolas de Colombia se encuentra en un alto riesgo a la presencia de la enfermedad. Esta metodología se presenta como una opción para el monitoreo de la enfermedad a escala regional, ya que es automatizable y tiene una dinámica espacio-temporal alta que puede ser utilizada para la detección temprana de HLB.
... Hasta 2014, el Huanglongbing no había sido diagnosticado en Colombia, pero el insecto vector, D. citri, estaba reportado desde 2007 (ICA, 2010), así como su parasitoide, Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) (Waterston, 1922;Ebratt-Ravelo et al., 2011a;Kondo, Quintero, et al., 2012). En 2014, en el departamento de Córdoba, una nueva especie de bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter caribbeanus, fue reportada en Colombia (Keremane et al., 2015); sin embargo, su asociación con HLB es desconocida y no se observaron síntomas aparentes de HLB. ...
publicación técnica Diaphorina- HLB
Book
Full-text available
  • Jul 2020
Sampling techniques for Diaphorina citri. In-situ method to increase Tamarixia radiata. Preliminary method to detect suspect plants with HLB in field conditions.
Varón Devia, E.H., Pérez Artiles, L., Guarín, J.H., Rodríguez Polanco, E., Vargas Berdugo, A.M., Kondo, T., Flórez Cárdenas, C.M., Rico Sierra, E.M., Bermeo Fúquene, P.A. (2020). Métodos de detección de HLB y de monitoreo y control biológico del vector Diaphorina citri en cultivos de cítricos en el Tolima. Mosquera, (Colombia), AGROSAVIA. 104 pp.
Book
Full-text available
  • Jul 2020
Un componente fundamental sin el cual no se hubieran podido presentar los resultados generados radicó, principalmente, en las alianzas estratégicas institucionales entre la Gobernación del Tolima, la Universidad del Tolima, Agrosavia y el gremio citricultor, a partir de las cuales se integraron fortalezas científicas, tecnológicas y económicas, así como el conocimiento que los productores han desarrollado a través del tiempo para la protección de los cultivares del departamento y el manejo integrado de plagas (MIP) con énfasis en control biológico y el manejo adecuado de cercos vivos. Este documento constituye, sin duda alguna, una importante fuente de consulta, de gran utilidad para todas las instituciones y citricultores. A partir de su lectura se pueden conocer los diferentes logros alcanzados en cuanto al diagnóstico y las medidas de control requeridas para contrarrestar los efectos de una posible infección de nuestros cítricos por causa del HLB.
Potencial distribución espacial del vector del HLB de los cítricos Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) en el departamento del Tolima, Colombia
Article
  • Dec 2018
Huanglongbing, or HLB, is one of the most devastating diseases in citrus fruits and is found in different departments in Colombia. However, this disease has not yet been reported for the Department of Tolima, which is a significant domestic producer of citrus fruits. In order to present the spatial possible distribution possible of Diaphorina citri vector of the Candidatus liberibacter bacterium that causes citrus HLB in relation to the location of citrus production systems in the department of Tolima (Colombia), the geostatistical process of interpolation by the Inverse Method of Weighted Distance (IDW) was used to define the areas of greater and lesser prevalence of the vector, based on sample data, forming possible mobility routes of the bacteria. With the multitemporal analysis of the distribution of the vector in 2014, 2015 and 2016, this work provides cartographic elements to support the use and consultation of information on the process of phytosanitary monitoring of citrus HLB, defining strategic monitoring sites of the vector.
Identificación de tecnologías y métodos para la detección temprana del Huanglongbing (HLB) a través de cienciometría en artículos científicos y patentes
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2020
El objetivo planteado para esta revisión de literatura científica y de patentes consiste en identificar las tendencias científicas y tecnológicas en la detección del Huanglongbing (hlb) o enverdecimiento de los cítricos, así como las principales acciones que se están adelantando para mitigar su impacto en la citricultura mundial. La detección rápida y oportuna de esta enfermedad es clave para los productores, debido a que se pueden plantear acciones correctivas que eviten una pérdida total de la producción, partiendo de que aún no se conoce una cura para la misma. Para lograr los resultados esperados, se realizó una revisión de las publicaciones en bases de datos científicas y tecnológicas, disponibles entre 2007 y 2018, a partir de una metodología de vigilancia tecnológica. Los resultados fueron analizados y procesados a través del software Matheo Analyzer, lo que permitió identificar las variables de futuro para el tema de trabajo. Se evidenció que Estados Unidos y China son los países que presentan un notable interés en el tema relacionado. Dentro de las instituciones líderes en investigación sobre detección temprana del hlb, se resaltan la Universidad de Florida y el Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos (usda, por sus siglas en inglés). Entre las tecnologías y métodos de detección temprana para esta enfermedad, se encontraron como áreas relevantes de investigación y desarrollo tecnológico la teledetección a partir de la radiación electromagnética captada por sensores, y el área de bioquímica y genética en la que se destacan las técnicas de identificación molecular como la amplificación isotérmica y la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (pcr).
First report of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in Costa Rica
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2005
The Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Psyllidae)) and the African citrus psyllid (Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) (Triozidae)) are two of the most serious pests of citrus in the world (Hoy and Nguyen 1998). The Asian citrus psyllid is usually found crowded on the lower sides of leaves, with the head almost touching the surface and the body raised almost to a 30 degree angle. The greatest activity of this psyllid occurs simultaneous with new citrus growth (Frank 1998). The Asian psyllid causes leaf distortion and curling in young tender growth due to direct feeding damage and toxic saliva (Hoy and Nguyen 1998); and a chlorosis resembling zinc deficiency, twig dieback and reduced fruit size and quality, caused by the pathogenic phloem limited bacterium, Liberobacter asiaticum, which it transmits. This disease is called “citrus greening” or “Huanglongbing”, which means “yellow dragon disease” (Halbert 1998). This bacterium occurs in many countries of tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa (CABI and EPPO).
Asian citrus psyllids (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) and greening disease of citrus: A literature review and assessment of risk in Florida
Article
Full-text available
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was discovered in Florida in 1998. It can be one of the most serious pests of citrus if the pathogens that cause citrus greening disease (huanglongbing) are present. Citrus greening recently has been reported in Brazil by Fundecitrus, Brazil. The establishment of D. citri in Florida increases the possibility that the disease may become established. Diaphorina citri can be separated from about 13 other species of psyllids reported on citrus. The biology of D. citri makes it ideally suited to the Florida climate. Only two species, D. citri and Trioza erytreae (del Guercio), have been implicated in spread of citrus greening, a disease caused by highly fastidious phloem-inhabiting bacteria. The disease is characterized by blotchy mottle on the leaves, and misshapen, poorly colored off-tasting fruit. In areas where the disease is endemic, citrus trees may live for only 5-8 years and never bear usable fruit. The disease occurs throughout much of Asia and Africa south of the Sahara Desert, on several small islands in the Indian Ocean, and in the Saudi Arabian Peninsula. Transmission of citrus greening occurs primarily via infective citrus psyllids and grafting. It is transmissible experimentally through dodder and might be transmitted by seed from infected plants and transovarially in psyllid vectors. Citrus greening disease is restricted to Citrus and close citrus relatives because of the narrow host range of the psyllid vectors. Management of citrus greening disease is difficult and requires an integrated approach including use of clean stock, elimination of inoculum via voluntary and regulatory means, use of pesticides to control psyllid vectors in the citrus crop, and biological control of psyllid vectors in non-crop reservoirs. There is no place in the world where citrus greening disease occurs that it is under completely successful management. Eradication of citrus greening disease may be possible if it is detected early. Research is needed on rapid and robust diagnosis, disease epidemiology, and psyllid vector control.
North American genera of Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 1994
The North American members of the eulophid subfamily Tetrastichinae are reviewed in light of systematic advances which have occurred in other geographic realms. Forty-two genera are recognized as valid, with the largest of these, Aprostocetus , having four subgenera in the study area. Thirteen new genera are described: Apterastichus, Careostrix, Chytrolestes, Comastichus, Cucarastichus, Dapsilothrix, Eriastichus, Exalarius, Exastichus, Hadrotrichodes, Mesofrons, Oxypracetus, Styotrichia ; the new subgenus Quercastichus is described in the genus Aprostocetus . Five new generic synonymies are made. With Aprostocetus Westwood, 1833: Exurus Philippi, 1873, Omphalomopsis Girault, 1917, Paromphaloidomyiia Girault, 1917, and Prothymus Girault, 1917. With Pentastichus Ashmead, 1894: Hypertetrastichus Moser, 1965. Six previously described genera are newly recorded from North America: Aceratoneuromyia, Anaprostocetus, Henryana, Kocourekia, Lisseurytomella and Pentastichus . Two hundred and twelve species of North American Tetrastichinae are currently recognized as valid. Eighty new combinations are proposed from North America, and three from the Neotropical Region. The majority of these species are being moved from the genus Tetrastichus , which had previously held most of the North American Tetrastichinae species. Eighteen new species are described: Aprostocetus (Quercastichus) burksi, Apterastichus oculatus, Careostrix yoshimotoi, Chytrolestes alibaba, Comastichus zopheros, Cucarastichus texanus, Dapsilothrix jeanae, Eriastichus cigdemae, E. masneri, E. nakos, Exalarius huachucensis, Exastichus odontos, Hadrotrichodes waukheon, Kostjukovius grahami, Mesofrons villosus, Oxypracetus opacus, Styotrichia bicolor, S. quadrata . One new specific synonymy is made. With Aprostocetus (Quercastichus) pattersonae (Fullaway, 1912): Tetrastichus spilopteris Burks, 1943. A lectotype is designated for Tetrastichus pattersonae Fullaway. Aprostocetus (Ootetrastichus) mymaridis (Girault) is removed from synonymy with Tetrastichus polynemae Ashmead and considered as valid. Twelve previously described species are newly recorded from North America: Aceratoneuromyia fimbriata Graham, Anaprostocetus acuminatus (Ratzeburg), Aprostocetus antiguensis (Crawford), A. leucone (Walker), A. pygmaeus (Zetterstedt), A. strobilanae (Ratzeburg), A. longicauda (Thomson), A. terebrans (Erdös), Henryana magnifica Yoshimoto, Kocourekia debilis (Ratzeburg), Lisseurytomella flava (Ashmead), Tamarixia leucaenae Bouček.
Natural mortality of Asian citrus psyllid (Homoptera: Psyllidae) in central Florida
Article
Full-text available
  • Feb 2004
The survival rate of nymphs of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was estimated in central Florida citrus groves by reiterative, non-destructive sampling of newly expanding terminal shoots on grapefruit trees. Feeding by D. citri nymphs often resulted in the abscission of leaves and even whole shoots. Shoot elongation was abated when death of the apical meristem occurred. Key predators of nymphal psyllids were the coccinellid beetles Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Olla v-nigrum Mulsant, Cycloneda sanguinea L., and Exochomus childreni Mulsant. Two lacewings, Ceraeochrysa sp. and Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister, a spider, Hibana velox (Becker), and the introduced parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) contributed additional mortality. Exclusion of primary predators from infested terminals with field cages doubled the duration of psyllid infestation, improved parasitoid survival by 40-fold, and improved psyllid maturation success (first instar to adult) by 120-fold. The results indicate that coccinellid beetles are the most important biological control agents of high-density D. citri populations in central Florida and that intraguild predation causes >95% mortality of immature stages of T. radiata.
Two new species of Tamarixia (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from Chile and Australia, established as biological control agents of invasive psyllids (Hemiptera: Calophyidae, Triozidae) in California
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2011
Tamarixia schina Zuparko sp. nov. and T. dahlsteni Zuparko sp. nov. are described. Both species have become established in California following their introductions from Chile and Australia, respectively, for control of invasive psyllids. Tama-rixia schina is known from Calophya schini (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) on Schinus molle (Anacardiaceae) and T. dahlsteni from Trioza eugeniae (Hemiptera: Triozidae) on Syzygium paniculatum (Myrtaceae). The use of Tamarixia in biological control is discussed, and an annotated list of world species including distribution, hosts, and host plants, is provided. Tet-rastichus atamiensis Ashmead is transferred to Tamarixia as Tamarixia atamiensis (Ashmead) comb. n.
Halbert, S., and Manjunath, K. L. Asian citrus psyllid (Sternorrhyncha: Psyllidae) and assessment of risk in Florida. Florida Entomol.
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2009
The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, was discovered in Florida in 1998. It can be one of the most serious pests of citrus if the pathogens that cause citrus greening disease (huanglongbing) are present. Citrus greening recently has been reported in Brazil by Fundecitrus, Brazil. The establishment of D. citri in Florida increases the possibility that the disease may become established. Diaphorina citri can be separated from about 13 other species of psyllids reported on citrus. The biology of D. citri makes it ideally suited to the Florida climate. Only two species, D. citri and Trioza erytreae (del Guercio), have been implicated in spread of citrus greening, a disease caused by highly fastidious phloem-inhabiting bacteria. The disease is characterized by blotchy mottle on the leaves, and misshapen, poorly colored off-tasting fruit. In areas where the disease is endemic, citrus trees may live for only 5-8 years and never bear usable fruit. The disease occurs throughout much of Asia and Africa south of the Sahara Desert, on several small islands in the Indian Ocean, and in the Saudi Arabian Peninsula. Transmission of citrus greening occurs primarily via infective citrus psyllids and grafting. It is transmissible experimentally through dodder and might be transmitted by seed from infected plants and transovarially in psyllid vectors. Citrus greening disease is restricted to Citrus and close citrus relatives because of the narrow host range of the psyllid vectors. Management of citrus greening disease is difficult and requires an integrated approach including use of clean stock, elimination of inoculum via voluntary and regulatory means, use of pesticides to control psyllid vectors in the citrus crop, and biological control of psyllid vectors in non-crop reservoirs. There is no place in the world where citrus greening disease occurs that it is under completely successful management. Eradication of citrus greening disease may be possible if it is detected early. Research is needed on rapid and robust diagnosis, disease epidemiology, and psyllid vector control.
Distribution of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Rhynchota: Psyllidae) in the Caribbean basin
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2009
Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Rhynchota: Psyllidae), originally is from Asia but has been known in the Western Hemisphere for several decades. In 1998, it was discovered for the first time in the Caribbean Basin both in Guadeloupe and in Florida. Since then, it has spread widely among islands and adjacent mainland countries, including the Bahamas, the Cayman Islands, Jamaica, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, Mexico, and Texas (USA). Additionally, there were interceptions of D. citri from St. Thomas and Belize. In Asia, D. citri primarily causes damage to citrus as a result of transmission of the pathogens that cause citrus greening disease. In July 2004, as this paper was going to press, citrus greening disease was reported in Brazil by Fundecitrus. This is the first credible report of the disease in the Western Hemisphere.
Taxonomic Notes on Indian Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) — 1. On the Types of Some Tetrastichinae
Article
This is the first contribution on the taxonomic status of the Indian Eulophidae. It deals with the types of 25 species of the Tetrastichinae. Apart from several new combinations, the following specific synonyms are proposed (senior synonyms in parenthesis): Aprostocetus nowsherensis Kurian ( Tetrastichus punjabensis); Tetrastichus agarwali Shafee, Fatma & Kishore ( Neotrichoporoides nyemitawus); Tetrastichus bicolor Saraswat, Tetrastichus saraswati Husain & Khan ( Neotrichoporoides viridimaculatus); Tetrastichus davidi Khan, Samraj & Khan, Tetrastichus nigricorpus Khan & Shafee, Tetrastichus plecoptrae Kurian ( Tetrastichus howardf); Tetrastichus indicus Khan & Shafee ( Tamarixia radiata); Tetrastichus jaipurensis Khan & Shafee ( Aprostocetus bouceki); Tetrastichus sexmaculatus Kurian ( Ootnyzus scaposus). The generic name Lamoundia Shafee & Rizvi, proposed as a replacement name for Terebratella Shafee & Rizvi, is here synonymyzed (Syn. Nov.) with Aprostocetus.
On the Chalcidoid Parasites of Psyllids (Hemiptera, Homoptera)
Article
  • Apr 1922
While engaged in working out some small lots of Psyllid parasites from various parts of the world, I have found it necessary to examine, as far as possible, the records of Chalcids which up to the present have been bred from these hosts. The literature has proved to be more extensive than had been anticipated, and it has therefore seemed well to bring together and list these scattered references when describing the forms that have been considered as new.