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Preparation and Evaluation Antioxidant Activity of
Mixed Herbal Hair Oil Formulation
Akram Ahmad
(1)
*,Vikas Kumar
(1)
,G.P.Mohanta
(2)
and Hasna Ali
(2)
1- Christian school of pharmacy, FHMSIAMS (SHIATS) Allahabad (UP)-211007.
2- Department of pharmacy practice, Annamalai University,Chidambaram (T.N)-608002.
Keywords -DPPH, Antioxidant, Herbal Formulation, Tridex, Scavenging Activity
Reference ID: PHARMATUTOR-ART-1013
1-Introduction:
Herbal formulations have always attracted
considerable attention because of their
good activity and comparatively lesser or
nil side effects as compared to synthetic
drugs. Alopecia is a dermatological
disorder with psychosocial implications on
patients with hair loss. The objective of
present study involves preparation of
herbal hair oil using
amla,brahmi,tridex,shikakai,
neem,Antioxidant activity and its
evaluation for increase in hair growth
activity and other uses of antioxidants.Hair
oils are the hair care preparations used for
the prevention and treatment of baldness or
other ailments, aggression of hair. They
also promote luxurious growth hair. Hair
oil containing herbal drugs are used as hair
tonic. Hair care products are categorized in
to main category.(1-2)
1-Hair Tonics.
2-Hair Grooming Aids.
These are basically the extracts of
medicinal plants in an oil base. A plethora
of herbs have been employed for hair
treatment few of these are amla, henna
,neem, methi ,lemon, tulsi, shikakai,
reetha, liquorice root, musk root,
Abstract
Antioxidants are helpful in increasing the blood circulation and thus help in hair growth as well
as in the treatment a lot of diseases. Alopecia is a dermatological disorder with psychosocial
implications on patients with hair loss. The Antioxidant property of plant and oil can be utilise
in hair fall .The objective of present study involves preparation of herbal hair oil using amla,
brahmi, tridex, neem, shikakai and its evaluation for increase in hair growth activity. The oils
with two different drug concentrations 5% & 10% were prepared using direct boiling, paste and
cloth method. For determination of antioxidant activity DPPH method is used. Herbal hair oil
formulation showing moderate antioxidant activity when it is compared with standard. It can be
used as herbal hair oil for hair growth and other
Free radical damage within cells has been linked to
a range of disorders including cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes
.
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mahabhringraj, jantamasi, chitraka,
marigold, hibiscus, nutmeg and tridex.(8)
Synthetic drug, minoxidil a potent
vasodilator, appears safe for long term
treatment. Oral minoxidil increase growth
of body hair. Applied topically (2% twice
daily) it promotes hair growth in male
pattern baldness and alopecia areata. The
response is slow (takes 2-6 months) and in
complete, but up to 60% subjects derive
some benefit, albeit for short periods.
Baldness recurs when therapy is
discontinued. The mechanism of increased
hair growth is not known, may involve:
(a)Enhanced microcirculation around hair
follicles.
(b)Direct stimulation of resting hair
follicles.
(c)Alteration of androgen effect on
genetically programmed hair follicles.
After five years use of 2 to 3% topical
minoxidil, the improvement has been
shown to peak at one year with a slow
decline in regrowth over subsequent years.
Long term treatment with local side effects
may be a problem with continuing use of
minoxidil lotion.(6)
On the basis of market survey carried out
on crude drugs used presently for herbal
hair oils gives us clue for selection of
drugs for hair oil. Hence the present study
was aimed to evaluate the hair growth
activity of herbal formulations, which
includes oil extract of all the mentioned
drugs in various concentrations. In order to
justify the traditional claims now a days
multi ingredient hair oils are prepared and
tested for their hair growth activity and
antioxidant activity due tom this used
other diseases.
Amla (Emblica officinalis) belong to
family Euphorbiacae is rich in vitamin c ,
tannins and minerals such as phosphorus
,iron ad calcium which provide nutrition
to hair and also causes darkening of
hair.(3)
Brahmi (bacopa monnierie) belong to
family scrophulariaceae contains alkaloids
which enhance protion kinase activity and
also used for treatment for Dementia.(7)
NEEM (Azadirachta indica) belongs to
family Meliaceae contains glycerides of
saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The
main fatty acids are oleic and stearic acids.
These oils are used in the treatment of
dandruff in hair and relief in itching.(5)
Shikakai its botanical name is Acacia
Concinna.The bark contains saponin,
which on hydrolysis yields
lupeol,spinasterol and acacic acid lactone.
The sugars identified are glucose,
arabinose and rhamnose. It also contains
hexacosanol.The saponin of bark shows
spermicidal activity against human semen.
The tender leaves, which are acidic, are
used in chutneys. The leaves contain
oxalic, tartaric, citric, succinic and
ascorbic acids. They also contain two
alkaloids calyctomine and nicotine,
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besides rutin and an enzyme tartaric
racimase. A new triterpenoid saponin
having the basic skeleton of oleanolic
acid.Other constituents present in the
leaves are tannins, amino acids and
proteins. its botanical name is Acacia
Concinna,it is used as natural hair wash
for sensitive scalps or to control
dandruff.It promots hair growth,strengthen
hair roots and lengthy beautiful hair(9)
Tridax procumbens Linn. (Compositeae),
a weed found throughout India is
employed as indigenous medicine for a
variety of ailments including jaundice. It is
commonly used in Indian traditional
medicine as anticoagulant, antifungal and
insect repellent; in bronchial
catarrh,diarrhoea and dysentery.
Moreover it possesses wound healing
activity and promotes hair
growth.Tridax procumbens is also
dispensed as‘Bhringraj’, which has a great
reputation in Ayurvedic medicines for
liver disorders.The hepatoprotective action
has been demonstrated.We have reported
recently the antioxidant property of Tridax
procumbens ontheprotective potential of
Tridax procumbens.(10)
2-Materials and methods:
The fruits of Embelica
officinalis(amla),leaves of Bacopa
monnieri(brahmi), fruits of Acacia
concinna(shikakai) Were procured from
local market of Allahabad Leaves of
Azadirachta indica (neem) were
collected from herbal garden of Christians
school of pharmacy, faculty of health and
medical sciences, indigenous, alternative
system of medicine, SHIATS
Allahabad.Fresh leaves of Tridex
procumbens belong to family
compositeae were collected in the month
of September from the department of
agriculture Allahabad SHIATS. The
collected leaves were dried in the shade
and then powder to a coarse consistency
and stored in an air tight container at room
temperature
3-Preparation:
The herbs used in the present study for
making herbal hair oil were dried ,crushed
and passed through sieve no.80 and olive
oil was used as a base. The hair oil was
prepeared using following method.
3.1-Boiling Direct method:
First is the direct boiling method in which
the crudedrugs were powdered, weighed
and directly boiled in olive oil with
continuous stirring and heating until the
drug had completely extracted in the oil
base. The composition of the oil was 5 and
8% where 5gm and 8gm of the individual
drugs;Embelica officinalis,Bacopa
monnieri,Azadirachta indica,tridx
procumbens,Acacia concinna.were mixed
in 100ml of the olive oil.after extraction
completed then they are filtered by muslin
cloth individually.the herbal hair oil taken
in beaker and covered by alluminium foil
and keep in freezer in cool condition.(8)
4-Composition of poly hair oil formulation:
FORMULATION
AMLA
NEEM
BRAHMI
TRIDEX
SHIKAKAI
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OD1(5%) 5gm 5gm. 5gm 5gm 5gm
OD2(8%) 8gm 8gm 8gm 8gm 8gm
5-Evaluation of Herbal Oil
Preparation:
The prepared oils were then subjected to
physical.
5.1-Physical evaluation
In physical evaluation, parameters like
specific gravity, pH, refractive index,
viscosity and acid value were determined
and the formulations were subjected to
biological evaluation. The results of
primary physical screening are given in
below.
5.2-Evaluation of physical
parameters:
Concentration → 5% and 8%
Specific gravity 0.9384, 0.9432
pH 8.4, 7.5
Refractive index
1.472, 1.435
Acid value
2.18 1.558
6-ANTIOXIDANTS:
An antioxidant is a molecule capable of
inhibiting the oxidation of other
molecules. Oxidation is a chemical
reaction that transfers electrons from a
substance to an oxidizing agent. Oxidation
reactions can produce free radicals. In turn,
these radicals can start chain reactions that
damage cells. Antioxidants terminate these
chain reactions by removing free radical
intermediates, and inhibit other oxidation
reactions. They do this by being oxidized
themselves, so antioxidants are often
reducing agents such as thiols, ascorbic
acid or polyphenols.
A low total antioxidant capacity (TAC)1
is considered a risk factor for the
development of diseases such as cancer
and cardiovascular disease . For
antioxidants to be protective against
disease, there must be adequate levels to
prevent free radical damage. Oxidative
stress occurs when the
free radical levels exceed the antioxidant
stores.Antioxidants are added to a variety
of foods to prevent or deter free radical-
induced lipid oxidation, which is
responsible for the development of off-
flavors and the undesirable chemical
compounds in food (Angelo, 1996). The
free radicals can also be generated in
biological systems in the form of reactive
oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide
anion radicals (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2), hydroxyl radicals (OH•), and the
singlet oxygen (1O2) (Halliwell et
al.,1995). These reactive ROS cause
destructive and irreversible damage to the
components of a cell, such as lipids,
proteins and DNA (Lopaczyski and Zeisel,
2001). Although normal cells possess
antioxidant defense systems against ROS,
the continuous accumulation of damage to
the cells induces diseases such as cancer
and aging (Matés and Sánchez-
Jiménez,2000). The continuous antioxidant
dose also plays a preventive role against
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these diseases by removing the ROS in
biological systems (Sgambato et al.,
2001).Anticancer agents, on the other
hand, are mainly related to their curative
role in a damaged system. Under normal
conditions,the cells in which the DNA or
other components are irreversibly damaged
by various causes undergo apoptotic cell
death, which is a self destructive
metabolism according to the genetically
encoded cell death-signal
(Korsmeyer,1995; Hooper et al., 1999).
However, cancer cells, which are already
irreversibly developed, obtain the
capability to evade apoptosis by various
ways.The aim of anticancer agents is to
trigger the apoptosis signaling system in
these cancer cells whilst disturbing their
proliferation (Bold et al., 1997).
7-DPPH radical scavenging test:
This test was measured as described by
Blois (1958). One millilitre of the extract
(oil) solutions (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 micro
gm/ml. in acetone) was added to 1mL of a
DPPH solution (0.2mM in acetone). All
the fractions showed dose-dependent
increase in activity. After a 30 min of
reaction at room temperature, the
absorbance of the solution was measured
at 517 nm. The free radical scavenging
activity of each fraction was determined by
comparing its absorbance with that of a
blank solution (no sample). The
Antioxidant activity the oil is measured
against ascorbic acid (94% Antioxidant
activity).
7.1-Scavenging activity of free
radical:
Free radicals are known to be a major
factor in biological damages, and DPPH
has been used to evaluate the free radical-
scavenging activity of natural antioxidants
(Yokozawa et al., 1998; Zhu et al., 2001).
DPPH, which is a radical itself with a
purple color, changes into a stable
compound with a yellow color by reacting
with an antioxidant,and the extent of the
reaction depends on the hydrogen donating
ability of the antioxidant.
Antioxidant activity (AA) was expressed
as percent of inhibition relative to the
control, using the following formula:
AA =
×100
2,2 -diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical
scavenging assay.
The scavenging effect on of the DPPH
radical was calculated using the following
equation:
Scavenging effect % =
× 100
EC50 value was determined from the
plotted graph of scavenging activity
against the concentration of cocoa extracts,
which is defined as the total antioxidant
necessary to decrease the initial DPPH
radical concentration by 50%.Triplicate
measurements were carried out, and their
scavenging effect was calculated based on
the percentage of DPPH scavenged.
Control limit for DPPH = 0.823
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8-Drug extract absorbance:
s.n
Drug Extract
with acetone
Absorbance
% Radical
scavenging
activity
STANDARD
Ascorbic acid
0.07 94%
Extract sol.
1 10% 0.096 88%
2 20% 0.116 85.9%
3 30% 0.181 78%
4 40% 0.184 77%
5 50% 0.243 70.47%
9-Result:
The prepared formulation of hair oil is
showing good antioxidant activity when
compared with standard (ascorbic acid).
Our results revealed that the antioxidant
capacity of the herbal hair oil is
comparable to the antioxidant activity of
Ascorbic acid. Although there are various
methods are available for measuring
antioxidant activity, we used DPPH
method as standard one.
10-Conclusion:
Our study showed that the herbal hair oil is
showing good antioxidant activity. The
Antioxidant property of plant and oil can
be utilise in hair fall as well as in the
treatment of cancer and various other
diseases. Antioxidants are widely used as
ingredients in dietary supplements and
have been investigated for the prevention
of diseases such as cancer, coronary heart
disease and even altitude sickness.our
herbal oil show good antioxidant activity
so it can be used various diseases Like
Free radical damage within cells has been
linked to a range of disorders including
cancer, arthritis, atherosclerosis,
Alzheimer's disease, and diabetes and
many other diseases.
AKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I especially thank to Mr.Nadeem and
Kaleem Ahmad and my other family
members,owner of Aligarh Pharmacy
Sahaswan(U.P.), he provide me herbal
drugs and encourage me to doing this work
during my study.
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