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Climatic Risk Atlas of European Butterflies. BioRisk 1 Special Issue
Supplementary resource (1)
... Despite the lack of previous records, the presence of B. eunomia in northern Romania is not completely unexpected because at least one Ukrainian population is situated less than 10 km away from the Romanian border (Popoff 2016; Kudrna 2019; GBIF.org 2024). Moreover, suitable climatic niches for B. eunomia have been identified in the Eastern Carpathians, in areas partially overlapping with the current records (Settele et al. 2008). ...
... Besides threats related to land-use, similarly to other coldadapted species, B. eunomia may be negatively affected by climate warming, although estimates done for its European range placed it in the lower climate change risk category (Settele et al. 2008). Yet, the effects of climate change are possibly stronger when peripheral southern populations are involved, such as the Romanian ones. ...
Cold-adapted species with fragmented distributions are often threatened by environmental change, particularly towards the southern limits of their ranges. Thus, a good knowledge of surviving populations of such taxa represents a fundamental aspect for efficient management and conservation. Here we provide the first reports of Boloria eunomia in Romania, based on the discovery of two populations in the north of the country (Eastern Carpathians). This glacial relict is an ecological specialist mainly associated with bogs, fens or wet hay meadows and is regarded as threatened in several regions of southern and central Europe. We used DNA barcodes to analyse the Romanian populations in a broader context provided by the availability of DNA sequences in public repositories. The Romanian populations are peripheral to the main European distribution of B. eunomia and each possesses a single, different, COI haplotype, one of which is apparently endemic, suggesting lack of recent contacts. They belong to the meadow ecotype of B. eunomia, which utilizes Bistorta officinalis as larval host plant. One of the sites seems particularly favourable for the species due to its relatively large area and abundance of larval host plant. Additional butterfly species of Community interest were observed in one or both locations, with the notable mention of Lycaena helle, a known ecological companion of B. eunomia, reported in Romania from very few localities. Implications for insect conservation: The discovery and (genetic) analysis of local peripheral populations belonging to threatened ecological specialists are essential for more efficient conservation measures and for a better understanding of the resilience of such species to environmental change.
... Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Значну увагу дослідників привертають проблеми розробки стратегії збереження видового різноманіття комах та оцінки необхідності охорони рідкісних видів комах [3,4,5,6]. Важливим інструментом вирішення цієї проблеми є створення охоронних списків різного рівня, зокрема, Червоної книги України [7,8]. ...
A dataset of 1621 records of the butterfly Limenitis populi from 1960 to 2018 was compiled using data gathered in France. Limenitis populi is a poorly recorded species with a mean of 27.2 ± 14.6 records per year during this period. The aim of the study was to describe and evaluate the impact of global warming since the 1990’s on the phenology and rang in France. Using linear mixed models, we estimated a delay in adult emergence of 0.07 days per 100 m increase in altitude and an advance of 0.33 days per 1 °C of mean temperature increase. Since 1960, the mean altitude of L. populi populations has increased by 321.9 m over the last 58 years, corresponding to a gain of mean temperature of 1.74 °C during this period. By comparing projections from climatic models, 60.2% of the suitable area predicted prior to 1990 has since been lost due to warming conditions. Lowlands are more affected by a decline in areas sheltering L. populi than montane regions probably because lowland populations cannot shift to higher altitudes as a means of mitigating the effect of global warming. In addition, changes in the rural landscape may lead to the possible decline of the larval food plant Populus tremula, thus affecting butterfly abundance. In terms of conservation strategy.
Implications for Insect Conservation
The key points are (1) to avoid cutting the host plant in montane areas where climatic constraints are not a threat, and (2) to develop forest patches that include P. tremula in lowlands to locally limit the effect of global warming.
Climate change is now considered a significant threat to terrestrial biodiversity. Species distribution models (SDMs) are among the modern tools currently used to assess the potential impacts of climate change on species. Pipiza Fallén, 1810 is a well known aphidophagous hoverfly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) at the European level, for which sampling has been conducted across the region, and long-term databases and geo-referenced datasets have been established. Therefore, in this work, we investigated the potential current distributions of the European species of this genus and their response to future climate change scenarios, as well as evaluated stability in their ranges and potential changes in species-richness patterns. We applied three climate models (BCC_CSM1.1, CCSM4, HadGEM2-ES) to four representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5) for two time frames (2050 and 2070). Our results show that the distribution of most Pipiza species may slightly differ under different climate models. Most Pipiza species were predicted not to be greatly affected by climate change, maintaining their current extent. Percentages of stable areas will remain high (above 50%) for the majority of studied species. According to the predicted turnover of species, northern Europe, could become the richest in terms of species diversity, thus replacing Central Europe as the current hot spot.
During recent years, the records of Lepidoptera species immigrating to Sweden have increased.
Here I have analysed whether this is a real increase in the number of immigrants or
if the trend is due to increased use of light and bait traps. For the analysis I used the records
from the annual reports of remarkable Macrolepidoptera in Sweden published in Entomologisk
Tidskrift since 1973. I ended up with data for 36 migratory species and 5 species
which occur both as immigrant and in resident populations. Trends in the number of newly
established species were also studied. The years 1973, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, and 2001
were exceptional good years for immigration. The increase in reported immigrants can to
a large extent be explained by the use of traps. However, an analysis where I removed the
effect of the traps and the effect of a higher number of collectors also showed a significantly
higher number of observations during the latter part of the studied period. The observations
also displayed a positive trend over time, but the trend was not significant. The number of
immigrating species, however, was found to increase significantly with a linear trend of
0.28 species per year. The number of established species during the studied period was 25
and was found to increase over the period but the increase was not significant. The increase
in immigration coincides to some extent with increases in temperature during the studied
period, which might explain the increasing immigration. However, results show that temperature
alone does not determine the number of immigrants.
The methods and criteria used in the Red Book and European butterfly red lists are discussed and the status of European butterfly species is assessed. The status is identified due to the Species of European Conservation Concern, divided into four categories depending on their global conservation status, their European Threat Status and the proportion of their world range in Europe. The most important threats to European butterflies are ranged. Within the conservation strategy, habitat protection and management, climate change and development of the European butterfly indicators are considered. The Prime Butterfly Areas of Europe identified by European entomologists are discussed. The European Russia faunistic data is not entirely included in recent red butterfly lists and the solution of this problem is discussed.
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