Spaces of Capital: Towards A Critical Geography
... Under capitalism, space has become the primary organization and structure of production, consumption, reproduction, and circulation (see Harvey 1978;2001). Thus, space is a tangible value and a necessary condition for capitalist markets and economies. ...
... A s neoliberal global capitalism conquers more of the globe, additional urban areas will be subjected to capital's design and planning methods, which will form and reshape their structure to fulfill their own purposes. Harvey (2001Harvey ( , 2007Harvey ( , 2012 argues that capitals are acquiring and shaping space for their own interests. The result is a monotony devoid of choice or individuality. ...
... well as to maintain order and control. Both (Harvey 2001, Lefebvre 1971 took it this far to point out, the importance of social interaction in the formation or production of space, the accessibility to and the public's right to claim this space; and on the other hand, how frightening is the lack of such space produced socially, and its consequences to the society, the public, and the urban city. ...
A comparative paper of the two cities Thessaloniki and Beirut at
history of urban space and the path the cities took to urbanization; and relating graffiti and urban
geographies; how it sketches out the city from political protest graffiti to aesthetically pleasing
murals; how the battle over urban space and social classes, the street element in the street art, the
public space and the walls relate to the identity of the artists the observer the city and the nation.
... Una teoría sistemática de la producción capitalista, que va más allá de las categorías incondicionales de la economía política y en la que se pueden determinar formas más concretas del modo de producción capitalista como lo es la globalización, puede ser construida a partir del análisis que se presenta en el Capital de Marx. Actualmente existen diversos trabajos (Silver, 2012;Harvey 2001; que pueden servir como punto de partida para una teoría crítica sobre la globalización. ...
... Por un lado, el capital se relaciona con un cierto tiempo en un lugar determinado en el que el espacio global tiene sus bases; por otro lado, las crisis económicas se regulan a corto plazo a través de la deslocalización del capital. Harvey (2001) utiliza estas categorías para el análisis de la estatalidad y las relaciones internacionales. Critica la percepción generalizada de la globalización, según la cual un capital financiero de alta movilidad en el contexto de mercados financieros desregulados podría provocar una crisis en una economía real aparentemente de buen funcionamiento. ...
... Sin vincularlo a los movimientos inmanentes que producen los capitales totales subyacentes. La política no es, por tanto, un instrumento libremente manejable contra las fuerzas de la globalización económica, sino que está determinada y definida en última estancia, por el contenido de la propia economía (Harvey, 2001;. Por lo tanto, que sea una trampa de la globalización es dudoso, como lo demuestran el retorno de las políticas proteccionistas. ...
Este libro, escrito por Mauricio Lascuráin Fernández, analiza el fenómeno de la globalización económica desde una perspectiva multidimensional, explorando sus fundamentos teóricos, enfoques alternativos y los retos asociados. Dividido en tres secciones principales, la obra examina primero los principios filosóficos y políticos que sustentan la globalización y su impacto en el papel de los Estados en un contexto de creciente interdependencia económica.
En la segunda sección, se presentan enfoques heterodoxos que cuestionan las bases neoliberales de la globalización, abogando por una visión sustentable, una perspectiva feminista y modelos de inclusión social a través de economías participativas. Finalmente, el libro aborda los desafíos que la globalización plantea, como la desigualdad, el impacto ambiental y la pérdida de soberanía estatal, reflexionando sobre cómo los Estados pueden implementar políticas públicas para navegar mejor en el contexto global.
Con un enfoque crítico e interdisciplinario, la obra no solo examina las oportunidades de la globalización, sino que también plantea alternativas para mitigar sus efectos adversos, proponiendo un marco conceptual que combina economía, filosofía y política para entender y abordar este fenómeno global.
... The first managing director of BnM, Todd Andrews (2001[1982: 114) wrote of his early encounters of turf cutting: "The word 'bog', or any phrase containing it, had become the symbol of poverty and backwardness. The 'bog-trotter' was the Irish archetype of ignorance and illiteracy." ...
... If nature is produced by labour then the same must be true of landscapes. Drawing on the work of David Harvey (1982Harvey ( , 2001Harvey ( 2003, Mitchell (2013: 219) argued that "capitalism constructs a landscape commensurate with its needs at a particular moment and thus any development is constrained by that construction" (emphasis in original). To counter the climate, pollution and biodiversity crises wrought by global capitalism, new mitigating landscapes must be produced. ...
... If nature is produced by labour then the same must be true of landscapes. Drawing on the work of David Harvey (1982Harvey ( , 2001Harvey ( 2003, Mitchell (2013: 219) argued that "capitalism constructs a landscape commensurate with its needs at a particular moment and thus any development is constrained by that construction" (emphasis in original). To counter the climate, pollution and biodiversity crises wrought by global capitalism, new mitigating landscapes must be produced. ...
... This study adopts a critical realist research paradigm to investigate the interplay between spatial morphology and cultural diversity in the historic district. Grounded in David Harvey's conceptualization of space as a social construct shaped by the dialectical relationship between material practices and symbolic meanings [35], this paradigm integrates Conzen's emphasis on structural permanence in urban morphology [32] with Caniggia's typological analysis of diachronic architectural evolution [33]. It further extends these frameworks through the theory of spatial genes [17]. ...
The accelerating processes of globalization and modernization have imposed unprecedented anthropogenic pressures on the cultural diversity of historic districts, leading to the physical degradation of historical heritage and the fragmentation of cultural transmission chains. To address this challenge, this study establishes an innovative spatial-gene theoretical framework that seeks to balance heritage protection with urban development by integrating landscape characteristics and cultural connotations, thereby enhancing the conservation of cultural diversity in historic districts. Focusing on the historic Small Wild Goose Pagoda district as a case study, we developed a comprehensive methodology integrating field research, historical induction, spatial analysis, and place-making. Through this operational framework, we systematically identified four constitutive spatial genes: the mountain–water pattern, the urban-axis, the li-fang, and the architectural courtyard. These genetic elements inform a dual-regeneration strategy that promotes synergy and dialogue between old and new: (1) place-making guided by historical morphological grammar rules and (2) activity organization that reconfigures the value system of “openness and inclusiveness”. This research not only advances spatial-gene theory but also provides a replicable model for regenerating historic districts oriented toward cultural diversity, effectively combining historical authenticity with contemporary functionality to promote sustainable urban development.
... Examining these lengthened logistic chains in the 21st century reveals that there is something rather new for Amazon and other e-commerce firms: the issue of 'the last mile' (the cost to get goods from warehouses, distribution centers, and fulfillment centers to consumers' homes and businesses). While this is a new (and particular) challenge for logistics to solve, the shift from Fordism to Post-Fordism was also predicated upon diminishing 'the friction of distance' through spatial fixes, or the reorganization of the global economy into widely dispersed chains of production and consumption (see Harvey, 1989Harvey, , 1999Harvey, , 2001. Consequently, e-commerce firms are only able to deliver 'the last mile' to consumers by resolving this daunting diseconomy of space, given the tremendous challenges and costs for firms that the distance to and dispersal from these many locations creates. ...
What can world-systems analysis of the role of Africa in the creation of the capitalist world-economy tell us about Amazon’s model of control of global supply chains in the 21st century? How did patterns established by European imperialism and enslavement of Africans create long-lasting continuities of racial capitalism and migration that are used by Amazon to profit in the contemporary era? We argue that the analyses of imperialism and racialized labor in Africa that underlay the creation of the capitalist world-system presented by Wallerstein, Rodney, and others, most notably Cedric Robinson, help us understand the continuity of racism and racialized labor over the longue durée. Our analysis of raw materialist lengthened global commodity chains reveals critical continuities and parallels in the central role of racialized exploitation of labor at crucial eras of the modern world-system, including to the enormous rise of Amazon and e-logistics in the contemporary United States.
... By critically re-evaluating this dualism, Edward Soja (1996) developed the concept of a third space, a creative combination and extension of the first two perspectives and an extension beyond those to new and different modes of spatial thinking. To understand the changes in urbanisation and the transformation in cities under the neo-liberal economy, we also need an extensive reading of David Harvey (2001;2012) to get a strong theoretical framework of political economy for urban explanation. We need to clarify our conceptual and theoretical understanding of Lefebvre's lived space, the third space of Soja, and the Marxist interpretation of cities by David Harvey before our research and writing will be critical enough to reach the required quality in urban scholarship. ...
This piece of popular writing investigates the factors that influence the under representation of urban geographers in mainstream urban studies scholarship in India. The factors I note down here are from my subjective experience of being in the field, both as an urban geographer engaged in teaching urban studies courses offered by an Indian university and as an urban studies scholar having experience working in collaboration with urban studies scholars from other disciplines on many different projects. The problems, as analysed, can be categorised into three broad heads: spatial pattern and scale, methodology, theoretical grounding and critical analysis. These three factors are not stand-alone, and the other two often influence one. Although the ideas I have introduced here come from my personal experience, I have tried my best to make the observations bias-free through the methods of reflexivity. Through this reflexive writing process, my personalised experience and observations are cross-checked to overcome the limitations of subjectivity. This popular piece may be useful for scholars of urban geography in India who believe that we collectively can take our discipline to a much higher level of scholarship.
... Early on in the Covid-19 pandemic, Bridget Anderson captured the highly uneven and contradictory global mobility entanglements that have been revealed by the spread of the new coronavirus and the dramatic responses and effects it triggered: 'the multiple intersections of (im)mobilities of capital, of food, of humans, of animals, of the microbiological have produced the contemporary situation where the "cure", it seems, is human immobility' . Capital's tendency to expand and tear down any limits that stand in the way of accumulation (Harvey 2001), including those of ecosystems, has led to the unleashing of new virusesincluding probably the new coronavirus (Wallace 2020). The global web of transport infrastructures enabling human mobility for business, tourism and migration has in turn served as the conduit through which this new virus spread at lightning speed. ...
... It is noteworthy that David Harvey relates his notion of postmodernism with this crucial aspect of the transformation of time experiences, through his terms "annihilation of time" and "space-time compression"(Harvey 2001). Late capitalism, therefore, affects the experience of time, and this is also felt in the experiences of space. ...
The aim of this article is to analyze the specific experience of visiting active industrial spaces and to describe the ways in which different industrial spaces communicate with their urban and social environment. Three examples of such interactions and spatial experiences are examined in the article: the BMW 6.10 Plant and the Danube River cargo port Bayernhafen, both located in Regensburg, Germany, and the Uljanik Shipyard in Pula, Croatia. Throughout the search for a methodological framework, certain analytical hubs are recognized and used as the foundation for and a frame of reference from which an observation, description and autoethnographic moves can be performed, and the analysis initiated. Following a brief introductory overview, a presentation of the experiences of visiting industrial facilities follows. This is followed by a comparison and further analysis.
... It combines ecological concerns with a broad understanding of political economy and analyzes the dynamic interactions between society, resources, and various social groups and classes within society (Blaikie and Brookfield 1987). Political ecology emphasizes the intersection of political economy and ecology, highlighting the ways in which capitalist processes shape and transform both nature and society (Harvey 2002). It analyzes how and why structural forces and power relations drive environmental change and its impacts in an increasingly interconnected world (Robbins 2019;Biersack and Greenberg 2006;Blaikie and Brookfield 1987). ...
Climate change is a critical global issue with far‐reaching implications for the environment, society, and economy. Political ecology examines the relationship between political systems, social inequalities, and ecological concerns in relation to climate change. It focuses on how power dynamics, resource allocation, and political decisions influence vulnerability, adaptation, and mitigation efforts, highlighting the intersectionality between politics, ecology, and climate change impacts. Climate change in the Arctic is having profound geopolitical, environmental, and socioeconomic impacts on Indigenous Peoples. However, few, if any, studies have examined these interactions from a political ecology standpoint. Herein, we review and analyze the complex relationships and power dynamics that shape and are shaped by climate change in the Arctic through a political ecology lens, developing an understanding of how political, economic, and social factors interact to drive climate change impacts and responses. We introduce the term Arctic Political Ecology to understand these dynamics. The paper examines the significance of Indigenous knowledge, environmental governance, and Indigenous Peoples' sovereignty in control over productive resources, promoting sustainable practices, and addressing the challenges posed by climate change. We highlight the need for a comprehensive approach that considers the political ecology of climate change in the Arctic to understand the interplay of capitalism, colonialism, and resource exploitation.
... When residential space is transformed into a destination for the amusement and shopping of tourists, neighborhood areas become unlivable for locals. The affluence of tourists generates a lot of noise, street overcrowding, parking shortages, and waste generation [22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. This not only exacerbates tensions between locals and visitors over how to use the neighborhood space socially, which negatively impacts the livability of the community, but also keeps locals from accessing public open spaces as they once did [22,26,29]. ...
Riyadh has recently witnessed rapid growth in the use of short-term rentals. Their impact on the city’s housing market and long-term rentals has been critical. The emergence of recreational festivals such as the Riyadh and Diriyah Seasons, with their accompanying events, as well as the widespread use of daily rental platforms such as Airbnb, have created a new market for short-term rentals that has changed the city’s rental landscape. This study compared data on the number of units geared toward daily rent and their average daily rates (ADRs), obtained from the Airbnb platform, with data on long-term rental units and their revenue, extracted from the Ejar platform. The data cover the five sectors of Riyadh city. Sample neighborhoods were selected from each sector. The results show that after a period of stagnation due to the precautionary measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, the short-term rental market saw a significant recovery once these measures were lifted. The emergence of the short-term rental market has negatively affected the long-term rental market by drying up its stock and raising rent prices, thus leading to tourism-induced displacement of low-income residents and further exacerbating the housing problem in the city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to regulate this new rental market to maintain a balance between short- and long-term markets in Riyadh.
... Paradójicamente, el deterioro urbano y social se presenta como una nueva opción de reinversión de capital (Sagula, 2017). En otras palabras, con la degradación urbana y social se desvaloriza el suelo y se presenta la oportunidad de que se especule sobre el aumento de su valor de cambio y así comience un nuevo ciclo de acumulación (Harvey, 2001). ...
... Heritage is nowadays widely acknowledged in the scholarly world as a selective and arbitrary cultural practice of valuing, collecting, and curating rather than simply a site (Bendix 2009;Harvey 2001;Kirshenblatt-Gimblett 1998;McAtackney 2022;Smith 2006;Smith and Akagawa 2008). By viewing heritage as a cultural practice, we recognise the social actors and dynamics that generate the heritage process, incorporating different, and possibly disparate, agencies and legal practices. ...
This article discusses Brazilian quilombo heritage by focusing on three dimensions of the intersection between this heritage and emancipation: 1) the emancipatory power of heritage, 2) the possibilities that result from emancipating heritage from a consonant approach, and 3) the possibilities of emancipation from heritage. Quilombos are collective societies formed mainly by people of African descent who created independent communities outside the Brazilian slavery system. Using a case study based on ethnographic and archival research conducted at the Quilombo Campinho da Independência and the city of Paraty between 2015 and 2024, I begin by detailing the dominant heritage narratives in the town of Paraty and then examine how suppressed quilombo voices navigate these narratives in legal and metaphorical terms for emancipatory purposes. Ultimately, the article pushes for approaching heritage from multiple scales and angles.
... It has found particular resonance in studies of popular culture and transnational media (see Chua, 2015;Chua and Iwabuchi, 2008). Others in cultural geography have also studied the connections of globalization and geographical knowledge (see Harvey, 2002). Scholarship in sociology has also investigated the impact of globalization and shifting conceptions of territoriality on subjectivity (see Sassen, 2007). ...
Grounded in the long tradition of embracing the global in communication and media studies and inspired by feminist standpoint epistemology, we argue that global communication can function as an epistemological standpoint. After summarizing the diverse and rich tradition of understanding the global in communication and media studies and beyond, we theorize that a global communication standpoint is characterized by a combination of four aspects that can be embraced across the discipline: contextualization, historical rootedness, attention to power, and engagement with issues of relationality and comparison. First, we offer examples of the four elements based on existing scholarship. Second, we analyze how these four elements can be embraced in pedagogy. Finally, we survey recent job market dynamics to analyze the definition of the global by professional practice. We conclude by arguing that the embracement of global communication as a standpoint can benefit research across our discipline, regardless of research questions, methods, contexts, or scholars’ identities.
... But this new look at spatiality had its roots in previous contributions and from different research areas. In this context, other geographers should also be mentioned, such as Yi-Fu Tuan, who coined the expression "topophilia" (Tuan [1974(Tuan [ ] 1990, and David Harvey (2001). But, many other decisive contributions came from philosophy, such as The Poetics of Space by Bachelard, with its "topoanalysis" Bachelard ([1958] 1994), Human Space, by Bollnow ([1963] 2011), or the essay "Des espaces autres", by Foucault ([1967] 2004); from sociology, such as The Production of Space, by Lefebvre ([1974Lefebvre ([ ] 1991 and Central Problems in Social Theory, by Giddens (1979); from anthropology, such as The Sacred and the Profane, by Eliade ([1957Eliade ([ ] 1987 and Non-Places, by (Augé [1992] 2009); or from literary studies, such as Esthétique et théorie du roman, by Bakhtine ([1975Bakhtine ([ ] 1987, with its concept of "chronotopos", and Geocriticism, by Westphal (2011). ...
This article analyses the encyclical letter Laudato Si’ against the backdrop of the contemporary and theological “spatial turn”. It asks if and how Laudato Si’ incorporates the main elements of this movement that pushes for a reappraisal of space and/or place in theological reasoning. This inquiry is motivated by a public and constructive understanding of theology, with the conviction that it too should bring its specific contribution to the challenges of the “Common Home”. The article starts by characterizing this theological “spatial turn”, and by putting it into the context of similar trends in other human and social sciences. Secondly, it focuses on the analysis of Laudato Si’, namely by considering the role played in it by spatiality. Thirdly, and in a brief systematic way, it presents some concluding remarks that describe how Laudato Si’ may be interpreted in the “spatial turn” framework. Following these remarks, the article concludes that there is a moderate incorporation in Laudato Si’ of the concerns that promote and sustain a theological “spatial turn”.
... Transnational disability justice -if accepted as a stake -compels us to recognise that the 'southern bodies/minds' are systematically subjected to the harmful effects of international trade, monocrops agriculture, the North's overconsumption of rare metals, and its proxy wars. Global capitalism resolves its internal crises by transferring them to the peripheral markets (Harvey, 2001). The global production chains in garment industry, for example, exploit (and injure) large parts of the populations left without any alternative means of subsistence (Medarov et al., 2018;Mladenov 2016b). ...
This paper explores the relevance of the decolonial approach for analyses of postsocialist disablement, taking as its test case the analytical tool of the 'postsocialist disability matrix' (Mladenov, 2018). The question we pose is how much decolonial critique can the analyses of postsocialist disablement embrace without becoming reactionary amidst growing illiberalism and social abandonment in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)? We provide an overview of postsocialist illiberalism, assess critically some central arguments in decolonial disability studies, and outline the production of 'southern bodies/minds' as a key feature of social abandonment in CEE. We conclude that decolonising disability in the postsocialist region needs to go beyond the North vs. South binary to account for the specific experiences of disabled people inhabiting the 'poor North'. Given these considerations, the double-edged critique implied in the original formulation of the 'postsocialist disability matrix' as scepticism towards both the state and the market could also help embrace the decolonising imperative while remaining sceptical towards both Northern and Southern theory production in disability studies.
... The genealogy of this spatial study is that of Lefebvrian human or cultural geography, extended by scholars who understand space as socially produced, with power dynamics entailed (Harvey 2001, Lefebvre [1974] 1991, Massey 2005, Soja 1989). As Irit Rogoff explains, human geography's cognizance of palpable features such as "land masses, climate zones, elevations, bodies of water, populated terrains, nation states, geological strata and natural resource deposits" is accompanied by a defetishizing sense of space (2000,21). ...
... A apreensão da construção do espaço, do seu conteúdo sistêmico e de sua objetividade, enquanto elemento constituinte de uma totalidade histórica, requer um esforço teórico capaz de ligar dialeticamente tal construção às dinâmicas econômicas, sociais e políticas que matizam o modo de produção capitalista e de superar a lógica formal, explicitando a relação existente entre as mudanças espaciais e a totalidade concreta. No âmbito desse esforço teórico e conceitual, a interpretação da produção capitalista do espaço apresentada por Harvey (1975Harvey ( , 1982Harvey ( , 1985Harvey ( , 2001Harvey ( , 2004 permite estabelecer essa articulação entre as mudanças espaciais e a totalidade concreta e incorporar melhor os fenômenos geográficos de expansão e de desenvolvimento à teoria da 1 Publicado originalmente em Confins -Revista franco-brasileira de geografia, (49), 2021. 2 Tais transformações da natureza podem ser tomadas como manifestações aparentes da inserção desse espaço em um mais amplo: o espaço global, que é a um só tempo homogêneo, fragmentado e hierarquizado (Lefebvre, 1980, pp. 135-178). ...
... Após um largo e intenso período caracterizado por um crescimento contínuo, associado a fortes processos de metropolização e de dispersão -e que, para o caso português, moldou de forma profunda não apenas a sociedade, a economia e as paisagens, mas também as próprias pautas de governação autárquica em democraciainstalam-se agora distintas realidades. Novas tendências: nos habitats; nos usos, produções e consumos; nas estruturas e redes de interligações e interdependências; encontram-se hoje em franco desenvolvimento (Bauman, 2000;Harvey, 2001;Sennett, 2016). Dinâmicas de crescente complexidade, que questionam práticas clássicas de ação política e as próprias estruturas e culturas de administração pública. ...
O mundo faz-se de mudanças, de inovação, de resposta a desafios. As transições digitais, ecológica e para a sustentabilidade, aliadas a fenómenos globais mais ou menos imprevisíveis tornam cada vez mais evidente a necessidade e importância do conhecimento como suporte à tomada de decisão. Neste processo, a Geografia assume um papel central. Este foi o mote para organizar um livro sobre os desafios geográficos da gestão territorial, analisando a evolução recente e os caminhos para a sua implementação plena em Portugal. Esta obra pretende ser uma ferramenta de apoio ao planeamento e governação do território, considerando as recentes dinâmicas sociais, económicas, culturais e ambientais em Portugal, bem como a necessidade de políticas públicas mais eficientes e no âmbito do Plano de Recuperação e Resiliência, do Portugal 2030 e dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável da Agenda 2030.
... Different actors can construct these narratives and involve selecting and articulating cultural, historical, geographical, and social elements to create an image of the territory. The constructed image influences how residents and visitors perceive and value the place, attracting investment, tourism, and other resources to the region (Harvey, 2001). The symbolic disputes, arising from the strategic constructions, involve the dispute for representations and cultural meanings, disputed and negotiated in different social and political contexts. ...
With the increasing level of global urbanization, cities have become protagonists, acquired multiple roles, and influence urban spaces’ transformation and strategic governance arrangements. A contemporary perspective of urban-territorial protagonism extends the debate to the image of destinations and the territorial brand focused on regional development. The objective is to understand the influence of destination image in the productive process of territorial branding in regional development. Multiple cases were analyzed using this method. The qualitative research employs a methodological-analytical matrix as a research protocol based on four macro variables. According to the results, a significant relationship exists between destination image and territorial brand, both dependent and independent. Research contributions include an examination of the inter-relationship between destination image and the concept of the territorial brand in regional development. As well, the research proposes a methodological protocol supported by the territorial brand as a framework for analyzing the destination image, introducing a novel approach in the field. The conclusion reiterates that destination image can influence the productive process of the territorial brand in regional development and vice-versa. However, each case will lead to distinct types of development.
... Therefore, local public and private powers (localnational-global) will cooperate mutually to elaborate these regional development policies. From Harvey's [52] perspective, this cooperation would lead to urban entrepreneurship, but on a regional scale. However, Vainer's [53] perspective raises concerns that such cooperation may result in the sale of the city to international capital. ...
Cities involve units of time and space, being part of historical, social, economic, cultural, and tourist imaginary constructions. The goal is to understand how the territorial brand, based on regional development theories, is being used in the metaverse city of Seoul, South Korea. The method used was a case study associated with bibliographic and documentary research, using a protocol with four analytical categories. The main results referred to a metaverse territorial-regional brand, bringing discussions about a new geographical-virtual-immersive metaverse scale. It also addressed the use of recognition and competitiveness strategies between interactive-immersive territories. The conclusion confirms that Seoul’s metaverse territorial-regional brand is strategically divided into three situations: (1) For city marketing purposes, positioning it as the first metaverse global city; (2) in city branding to strengthen the reputation and identity of the territory; and (3) to drive the transformation of physical territory with urban revitalization projects from the metaverse environment. Moreover, it serves Metaverse Seoul as an interactive and immersive field laboratory in virtual reality.
El análisis de los procesos socioterritoriales en contextos rurales y regionales exige una revisión crítica de los conceptos que estructuran el pensamiento geográfico: espacio, región y territorio. Estas categorías constituyen construcciones sociales que condensan relaciones de poder, prácticas simbólicas e históricas, y formas de organización del mundo. Desde una mirada crítica y latinoamericana, se reconoce que estos conceptos deben ser abordados no únicamente como categorías analíticas, sino también como expresiones que reflejan las múltiples territorialidades que configuran la vida social (Haesbaert, 2011).
El espacio, entendido desde la geografía crítica, ha sido resignificado como una construcción social compleja, en la que convergen dimensiones materiales, simbólicas y políticas. Desde esta perspectiva, el paisaje deja de ser una mera representación estética para convertirse en un campo de interpretación y disputa, atravesado por sentidos, memorias y formas de apropiación territorial (Santos, 2000; Lefebvre, 1974). Esta mirada invita a pensar el paisaje como huella de las relaciones sociales, como expresión visible y plausible de las estructuras de poder y de las subjetividades que las resisten o reproducen.
Considering the fact that the poetry of Kamala Das, one of the canonical poets of the postcolonial times to have arrested the scrutiny of a greater number of critics than probably any other Indian English poet, has been subjected to some recognizable readings, this paper, based on qualitative research, purports to engage with the questions of space in her poetry, an area of study mostly unexplored. An analysis of the spatial dimensions of her poems reveals some ‘anxieties’ and ‘disorientations’ which are usually glossed over in the discussions of her poetry. While Das was writing, ‘space’, ‘place’ and ‘geography’ assumed importance in the global context. As a writer Das was impacted by that phenomenon, and her attempts to create a ‘room’ of her own were informed by the “spatial turn” in literature. Das rebelled against the socially and politically prescribed dictates of time, and used her poetry to ‘map’ the claustrophobic and disorienting social space women belonged to. A study of such aspects of spatiality studies in her poetry as cognitive mapping, deterritorialization, chronotope, the ‘real-imagined’ space, the ‘primary-secondary’ spaces, the shared spaces etc. lays bare the structure of her creative mind and offers fresh perspectives on her poetry.
Este estudo buscou analisar os determinantes de raça e classe na formação da população de jovens e adolescentes que passam pelo sistema socioeducativo do Distrito Federal. Para tanto, utilizou-se, como metodologia, o método qualitativo, ao realizar análise dos dados disponibilizados tanto nacionalmente quanto a nível distrital, bem como os dados internos do Núcleo de Assistência Jurídica em Execução de Medidas Socioeducativas da Defensoria Pública do Distrito Federal. Após, realizou-se análise tendo como base a concepção estrutural de racismo, principalmente em Silvio Almeida. Foi possível observar que, assim como no resto do Brasil, também o Distrito Federal pune majoritariamente jovens negros, periféricos e com vulnerabilidades extremas que são determinantes para o cometimento de uma maioria de atos infracionais relacionada a obtenção de renda. A Defensoria Pública é a principal responsável pela defesa e acompanhamento diário destes jovens, lidando diretamente com eles e suas famílias. Como se trata do reflexo de um problema estrutural, a punição de indivíduos não é capaz de modificar os fatores que levarão outros jovens com o mesmo perfil a continuarem inseridos ou entrarem no contexto infracional. O trabalho realizado tem o condão de se somar aos diversos estudos a fim de inspirar políticas públicas focadas em retirar jovens negros e periféricos do contexto de vulnerabilidade, atuando preventivamente ao cometimento de novos atos infracionais, e de contribuir para a qualidade da assistência jurídica ofertada a estes jovens.
Millions of Americans believe Donald Trump's claim that the 2020 U.S. Presidential election was ‘rigged’. This commentary presents evidence of the remarkably diverse acceptance of this claim in the American population. For nearly half a century, ever since Reagan, right-wing operatives have been working to capture and return fire with the most advanced analytical tools of the post-structuralist academic Left. In the last dozen years these strategies have been ruthlessly effective in the complex algorithmic spaces of media and communications that reproduce dynamic hierarchies of the legendary ‘urban systems’ paradigm of linguistics and cybernetics that once dominated urban research. Today these systems are evolving into cognitive infrastructures that accelerate the production and circulation of conspiracy and faith, producing bizarre intersectional configurations of the sort that culminates in the 2025 re-inauguration of a revanchist, eschatological American anti-urbanism nurtured on hatred of transnational cultural evolution.
The paper analyses the concept of adaptation to climate change in the context of Mexico, highlighting the way in which it has been integrated into public policy, especially in the General Law on Climate Change. It is argued that resources allocated to adaptation focus on adjustments that allow the population to respond to hydrometeorological phenomena, without questioning the social structures that generate vulnerability and pollution.
Three types of adaptation are identified, according to the research of Bassett and Fogelman, and the tendency to adopt a deterministic approach that considers climatic conditions to be the main cause of social vulnerability is criticized. The paper invites reflection on whether the response to climate change should focus on preserving the current state or on transforming reality to address the root causes of vulnerability. Ultimately, it is concluded that adaptation policy in Mexico tends to be conservative, prioritizing the continuity of the existing economic and political model rather than seeking a significant transformation.
Çalışmanın temel amacı, 5544 Sayılı Mesleki Yeterlilik Kanunu çerçevesince oluşturulan ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçleri kapsamında, kolektif emeğin hizmet sektöründeki mekânsal temsili olan büyük şehirlerde sunulan kentsel kamusal hizmetlerin sağlanmasında görev alan meslek mensuplarının liyakatinin hangi kriterler çerçevesinde, hangi aktörler ve mekanizmalar tarafından belirlendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada, Türkiye’de büyükşehir niteliği taşıyan otuz il bünyesinde Mesleki Yeterlilik Kurumu belgelendirme zorunluluğu olan meslekler ele alınmış, ilgili belediyelerden talep edilen bilgi formları ve Belediye İş Sendikası’ndan elde edilen bilgiler ışığında, uluslararası standartlar çerçevesinde oluşturulan ulusal meslek standartları içerisinde yer alan kentsel hizmete yönelik meslekler incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Mesleki Yeterlilik Kurumu ve bu kurum altında görev alan sektör komiteleri ile belgelendirme yapan Yetkilendirilmiş Belge Kuruluşları’nın hizmet personeline yönelik belirlemiş olduğu kural, norm ve standartların merkezi ve özel sektör ağırlıklı kontrol mekanizması, doğrudan doğruya yerel nitelikli hizmetlerin sunumunda yer alan personelin ölçme ve değerlendirme süreçlerini belirleyen yeni bir mekanizma haline geldiği ortaya çıkarılmıştır.
In Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso, the ZACA project, an urban renewal project, involved the destruction of inner-city neighbourhoods, and the displacement of their 12,000 inhabitants, mostly to outlying areas. Similar to other instances of forced evictions and displacements in metropolitan areas, this project has been widely used as an indicator of urban inequality, demonstrating the seizure of city centres by the upper classes and the prioritization of exchange value in neoliberal urbanism. It has also generated impulses for change through the promotion of new lifestyles, notably through the unprecedented communication campaign entrusted to the Synergie agency. In the face of this strategy, which emphasised the “modernity” of the project, tradition seemed to be an issue of struggle for the inhabitants, strongly emphasised in some speeches, and the customary authorities appeared as key actors whose support was sought by the various sides. While these injunctions may have seemed violent to a large part of the inhabitants of the zone and may partly explain the violent mobilisations that took place against the project, they may have constituted desirable horizons for others, especially the youth, making the social consequences of the ZACA project more ambivalent. By examining the testimonies of a father and his son evicted from the ZACA more than ten years after the event, and other field data, we will see that the reading of these events differs according to generation, revealing the importance of age-related inequalities in Burkinabè society. A radical change such as the expulsion from the neighbourhood of origin, if it consisted in an undeniable spatial marginalisation, could also have allowed the son to reshuffle the cards of social determinism, which he saw as a means of emancipation. In the end, this article argues for a complex reading of the accumulation of inequalities in urban societies, out of univocal logic.
У статті розглянуто основні ідеї концепції «м’якого міста», що викладена у однойменній книзі Девіда Сіма. За своїм змістом ця концепція представляє різновид так званого «нового урбанізму» про те, як будувати та робити міста комфортними та стійкими до викликів, акцентуючи на людиноцентричності в міському плануванні. «М’яке» місто підлаштовується під природні умови та потреби мешканців, стимулює людей до різноманітних активностей у міському просторі, передбачає багатоваріантність використання того чи іншого об’єкту. Концепція м’якого міста – це не панацея від усіх викликів міського розвитку в українському чи світовому масштабі. Проте це набір дієвих та почасти простих і не надто затратних рішень, за допомогою яких можна покращити якість міського середовища міст України в різноманітних контекстах, долаючи як негативні наслідки модерністичного підходу до міського планування доби соціалізму, так і неоліберального міського розвитку сучасної епохи. Сформульовані у концепції принципи заслуговують на увагу сторони фахівців у сфері урбаністики, міського планування, архітектури та будівництва. В Україні концепцію м’якого міста можна застосовувати як для планування нових міських районів «з нуля», так і для реконструкції та реновації різних типів існуючої забудови. Зокрема, це історичні центри великих міст, райони масової житлової забудови епохи соціалізму, а також райони садибної забудови всередині міста, які часто інтерпретуються як «внутрішня міська субурбія». Стаття містить огляд можливого застосування принципів та інструментів концепції «м’якого міста» на прикладі трьох різних за характером забудови та проблематикою нинішнього розвитку місцевостей Києва – частини історичного центру (Поділ), модерністського житлового масиву (Троєщина) та району садибної малоповерхової забудови (Осокорки) в контексті їх актуальних проблем розвитку та можливості застосування інструментів концепції «м’якого міста» до їх вирішення
Fan Ming-ju can resist the pressure from human relations and remain purely objective in her book review while at the same time excelling in catching the subtleties in the literary works. This paper interprets and analyzes her book review from three areas. The paper first looks at how Fan Ming-ju examines the narrative structure of literary works and Taiwan's spatial politics from the perspective of the discourse power. Next, it focuses on how literature reconstructs urban images by extracting from memory and the subject consciousness binded in local writing. Finally, through her analysis of the literary phenomena of different eras, she has an unwavering devotion to Taiwanese literature.
As “the island at the center of the world,” Manhattan has inspired countless writers and has served as a spatial archetype in science fiction’s world-building. From the interdisciplinary perspective of literature and economics, this article discusses the crisis imagination of the “bubble metropolis” in five contemporary Manhattan-related science fiction novels including Cities in Flight (1970), The Blister (1975), Terminal World (2010), Zone One (2011), and New York 2140 (2017). The spatial variety of Manhattan Island in these science fiction novels is closely combined with its economic condition. The characters, plots, and spatial imagery of these novels gather to reflect the different stages of the operation of a bubble economy, illustrating a historical cycle of capitalism that can never be escaped. Manhattan Island has long been the symbol of the world’s rush for wealth. The fear of economic recession, environmental degradation, and class conflict have formed the special geographical features of the island in the future. The crisis imagination of the “bubble metropolis” also seeks to stimulate critical thinking on economic ethics, urban design, and high technology, calling for social justice and public welfare.
Impoverished and working-class migrant women have been the hardest hit and most exploited people during both the real estate-financial accumulation cycle and the aftermath of the 2008 crisis in Spain. Since 2009, these women have also been the key actors in outstanding civil disobedience to the neoliberal financial rule through their engagement in housing activism. How has this happened , and with what effects? Our research responds to these questions by focusing on the collective and contextualized strategies of extended struggles for social reproduction. This analytical framework integrates intersectional social structures, spatio-temporal dimensions of social reproduction, and the historical context of real-estate financialisation. Additionally, we argue that the notion of a "double horizon of political temporality" helps explain how the housing struggle evolved and identifies which social and political outcomes were produced. We suggest that this case reveals the mechanisms and impacts of similar grassroots movements challenging the current financialised dynamics of capitalism.
In Lebanon, since 2005, more than half of tertiary students are enrolled in a private institution. The Lebanese higher education system now appears stratified, consisting of a single public university, a few elite universities, and a myriad of private market-oriented universities, whose development began in the early 1990s and the development of neo-liberal economic policies. This chapter examines the strategies put in place by these private universities to conquer new student «markets». We first analyze their spatial deployment through campus openings all throughout the Lebanese territory. We develop here the idea of a new geography of higher education in Lebanon that has resulted in a relocation to the peripheries and urban margins, following the logic of academic capitalism. After the “confessional” fallback of universities during the war, the increase of geographic relocations to the peripheries here expresses the rise of a “student market” within the framework of the liberalization of the Lebanese economy, without dismantling the confessional lines of demarcation established by the war. We then discuss the competition that results from the establishment of these new institutions. Finally, we look at the representations of which these universities are carriers and which refer to the search for international «labels» synonymous for them with a certain quality of teaching. These analyzes allow us to identify how the dominant neo-liberal model of higher education has been adapted in the Lebanese context.KeywordsLebanonHigher educationAcademic capitalismInternationalizationPrivatization
Pls read Proceedings PDF, pages 203-205.
The surge in housing prices in cities has triggered the emergence of many problems related to urban settlements, starting from the construction of housing that is far from the city center, congestion problems, pollution, to encouraging the occurrence of many informal slum settlements. This causes a shift in settlements to supporting areas, especially Jabodetabek. Residential prices are dominantly influenced by high land prices. Infrastructure development has a major influence on economic growth and the development of an urban area. However, this is not easy to apply in the Depok City area, especially in the Cinere and Beji District areas. Housing development is very rapid but must be followed by the development of facilities and infrastructure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of infrastructure development factors such as road network (accessibility), availability of facilities (transportation network, electricity network, telephone network, clean water network, educational facilities, health facilities) and residential neighborhoods based on the opinions of housing residents on land prices in residential neighborhoods in Depok City, especially in Cinere Dan Beji Districts. The research method used is research using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods in stages considering the complexity of the problem. Quantitative methods will be used to look at housing-related data as a basis, then to NJOP analysis as a basis for land prices. The results of this study indicate that in general, the data analysis shows compatibility with the literature that has been done, that land prices are very significantly influenced by the accessibility of the main highway network and the presence of commercial equipment to fulfill needs.
This dissertation presents an ethnographic analysis of tipping in the restaurant sector of The Hamptons of Long Island, New York. Taking the form of a full participant insider ethnography, the research is based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with co-workers and in-role observations. The research took place in a small restaurant (under fifty employees) that served casual and moderately priced food and drink. The ethnographic research offers access to the processes of subjectivity formation, as well as to the economic relations produced by tipping. Tipping is a technique of labour control particularly suited to the neoliberal political economy. In this study neoliberalism is understood as a series of political, economic, and ideological practices that centre around individual and entrepreneurial freedoms, pure market logic, and consumerism. Those economic relations produce governable subjectivities for capital by making workers complicit in their own domination. This is done through a process of mobilization at the site of the server, whereby servers: 1) internalize a neoliberal logic and self-commodify; 2) are incentivized by the potential of working for tips; and 3) are informalized and individualized within their work and wage relations. Tipped workers are subject to a sub-minimum wage, which at the federal level is as low as $2.13 per hour. Some workers benefit from the tipped-wage system more than others, and those nearer to the top maintain the inequality and exploitation of this system as a whole. Tipping is both a post-Fordist technology that relieves capitalist companies from paying wages in full, and a neo-feudal master/servant relation of unequal dignity. That contradiction forces workers into an asymmetric relation outside of market neutrality. Tipping reinforces the hierarchies of class, gender, and race, and constructs an embodied labour that requires a sexualised selling of the self. 3 Acknowledgements and Dedication
This article highlights the main characteristics of the rapid development of tourism during recent decades, as well as the limitations of the existing literature concerning this development. An alternative (Marxist) theoretical framework is then developed for the explication of the development of commodified tourism, the role of ecological and cultural (value) appropriation in the determination of capitalist profitability, and its developmental implications. As argued, this value and resource appropriation and the exploitation/appropriation dialectic have adverse socioeconomic and ecological implications, while leading to the rapid growth of tourism against other sectors. On the other hand, the cultural homogenization and ecological degradation brought about especially by mass tourism imply a self-limiting development of tourism itself. Concluding that the current mode of tourism development is ecologically and socially unsustainable, we end with a broad outline of a different perspective of decommodified tourism within a post-capitalist development.
Drawing from neo-Gramscian theory, the paper explores how urban austerity governance mediates crises of neoliberal hegemony. Focusing on the decade after the Global Economic Crisis of 2008–2009, it compares four European cities disclosing five intersecting characteristics of urban political economy that contributed to sustaining and disrupting austere neoliberalism. Austere neoliberalism was sustained through three characteristics: economic rationalism, state revanchism and weak counter-hegemony, but undermined by both weakening hegemony and the combustibility and generativity of urban struggles. Hence, although state revanchism is a prominent feature of urban politics, and novel counter-hegemonic forms are elusive, struggles for equality and solidarity remain contagious, tenacious and vibrant. Urban governance is a crucial arena for studying the interregnum, signposting multiple ways in which neoliberalism survives, mutates and dies.
This final chapter draws the discussion on the governance of maritime and outer space together beginning with the philosophical implications and significance of both sectors and how these interrelate. The benefits and drawbacks and the public attitude to outer space are discussed and then the significance of religion to both sectors. Individualism and its importance in both is outlined. Power and its relationship to governance for both sectors is considered along with its geopolitical dimension, polycentricity and the nation-state. Ethics are central to both maritime and outer space exploration and exploitation, and this leads in to a further consideration of colonialism, empire-building and the possibility of alien life. Finally, the chapter ends with a wide discussion of art, architecture, music and painting in both sectors and how these relate to the wider considerations of governance in both the maritime and outer space sectors.
The definition of space and spatial organization as being produced, and structured, in and through the organization of social relationships, has been thoroughly developed over the past few years. In this contribution, it is argued that spatial organization should be conceptualized in a double form, i.e. as a social relationship and a force of production. In the literature, however, the latter conceptualization has been given little attention. The paper attempts to elucidate the theoretical formulation of 'territorial organization' as a force of production. In the first part of the paper, the notion of 'territorial organization' is defined. In a second part, the nature of 'territorial organization' as a force of production is further substantiated. Key notions, such as externalities, the monopolization of location, co-operation, and division of labour, provide the theoretical basis to elucidate the role of 'territorial organization' as a force of production. In a third part, the contradiction between the private appropriation of the powers embodied in territory, and the social character of 'territorial organization', is explored. The implication of this analysis for theorizing 'the production of space' is assessed. Finally, it is argued that space itself is structured and restructured through the dialectical interaction of forces and relations of production, and place (or geography) should be considered simultaneously as the arena in which this struggle unfolds, and as the stake of this struggle, that is the power to command (the powers of) place.
ized in the belief that detached loyalty to the abstract category of “the human”