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II
INTERNATIONAL
SYMPOSIUM
OF
ECOLOGISTS
OF
THE
REPUBLIC
OF
MONTENEGRO
‘4
KotOr,
20-24
O9~2OO6
&4__
t,~
~‘
~&b~.’”
--
PROCEEDJNGSt~
—y
OF
THE
H
INTERNATIONAL
SYMPOSIUM OF
ECOLOGIST
OF
THE
REPUBLIC
OF
MONTENEGR
0
ISEM2
PROCEEDINGS
OF
THE
SYMPOSIUM
Hotel
Fjord,
Kotor,
20-24.09.2006
PUBLISHER
Cover
page:
The
Republic
Institution
for
the
Protection
Valvata
montenegrina
Gloer
&
Pe~iá
(in
of
Nature
—
Podgorica
pre~s).
Photo:
Peter
Gloer.
Natural
History
Museum
of
Montenegro
University
of
Montenegro, Institute
for
Cover
page
design
Marine
Biology
Milo~
Vukotid
Centre
for
Biodiversity
of
Montenegro
—
Podgorica
All
rights
reserved.
No
part
of
this
EDITORS
publication
might
be
reproduced
by
any
Vladimir
PESIC
&
means:
electronic,
mechanical,
photo
Sead
HADZIABLAHOVIC
copyng
or otherwise,
without prior
written
permission
of
the
publisher.
CITATION
Pe~ié,
V.
&
Had~iabIahoviã,
S.
(Eds.)
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium,
II
Printed
in
200
copies.
International
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
Montenegro. Kotor,
20-25.09.2006.
Podgorica,
Septembre
2006.
KaTaJlorlI3auMja y
nyäsiwcaujijw
L1,eHTpanHa
H~~OflH~
GwônwoTeica
l4pHe
rope,
l4eTHu,e
502/504(082)
INTERNATIONAL
Symposium
of
Ecologist
of
the
Republic
of
Montenegro
(2
2006
/
Kotor)
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
/ II
International
Symposium
of
Ecologist
of
the
Republic
of
Montenegro,
Kotor,
20-24.09.2006
[editori
Vladimir
Pe~iá,
Send
Had~iabIahoviãJ.
—
Podgorica
:
Centre
for
Biodiversity
of
Montenegro
:
Republic
Institute
for
Protection
of
Nature
of
Montenegro
Natural
History
Museum
of
Montenegro
;
Kotor
:
Institute
for
Marine
Biology,
2004
(Cetinje
:
Cicero).
—
496
str.
:
ilustr.
21
cm
Tira~
200.—
Bibliografija
uz
sve
radove
ISBN
86-908743-0-5
a)
)KwsoTHa
cpenwl-Ia
—
3awmTa
—
36opnwuw
COBISS.
CG-lD
10632976
Scientific
committee
Dr
Vladimir
Pe~iO
(Podgorica,
Montenegro)
—
President
Dr
Reinhard
Gerecke
(Tubingen,
Germany)
Dr
Peter
Gloer
(Hetlingen,
Germany)
Dr Boris
Sket
(Ljubljana,
Slovenia)
Dr
Bo~idar
durëid
(Belgrade,
Serbia)
Dr
Vladimir
Stevanovia
(Belgrade,
Serbia)
Dr
Sreten
Mandid
(Kotor,
Montenegro)
Dr
Richard
Baker
(Leeds,
UK)
Dr
Nejc
Jogan
(Ljubljana,
Slovenia)
Dr
Michal
Grabowaki
(Lodz,
Poland)
Dr
Tornislav
Karanoviá
(Perth,
Australia)
DrAlireza
Saboori
(Karaj, Iran)
Dr
Milivoje
Puriã
(Podgorica,
Montenegro)
Dr
Vlado
Matevski
(Skopje, Macedonia)
Dr
Ivica
Radovid
(Belgrade,
Serbia)
Dr
Mitko
Karadelev
(Skopje,
Macedonia)
Dr
Zoran
Kljajiã
(Kotor,
Montenegro)
Dr
Stanka
Filipoviã
(Podgorica,
Montenegro)
Dr
Marijana
KrivokapiO (Podgorica,
Montenegro)
Dr
Sulejman
Red~iã
(Sarajevo,
Bosnia
and
Hercegovina)
Organizing
committee
Sead
Had2iablahovia
—
President
Dra~ana
RadonjiO
M.Sc.
Marko
Karaman
M.Sc.
Suzana
Malid~an
M.Sc.
Gordana
Kasom
M.Sc.
Danka
Petroviá
M.Sc.
Sne~ana
VuksanoviO
M.Sc.
Vesna
Maeiá
M.Sc.
Vesna
Vuka~inovja-pe~ie
Honorable
Committee
Boro
Vuëiniã
Minister
The
Ministry
of
Environmental
Protection
and
Physical
Planning
—
President
Academician
Dr
Ljubi~a
Stankovié
The
Rector
University
of
Montenegro
Dr
Vesna
Kilibarda Minister
The
Ministry
of
Culture
and Media
The
Ministry
Msc
Milutin
Simovid
Minister
ofAgriculture,
Forestry
and
Water
Management
Predrag
Neneziá
Minister
The
Ministry
of
Tourism
Dr
Slobodan
Backovid
Minister
The
Ministry
of
Education and
Science
Maja
~atoviã
Major
of
Kotor
Branko
Lukovac
Office
for
the
Sustainable
Development
Dr
Sreten
MandiO
Director
Inst
it
ute
for
Marine
Biology
Msc
Zlatko
Buliá
Director
Republic
Institute
for
the
Protection
of
Nature
Prof
Dr
Milivoje
Put-id
Faculty
of
Natural
Sciences,
Department
of
Biology
Ondrej
Vizi
Director
Natural
History
Museum
Rade
Gregovid
Director
National
Parks
of
Montenegro
Msc
Luka
Mitrovid
Director
Republic
Hydrometerological Institute
Ana
Mi~urovid
Director
Center
for
Ecotoxicological
Research
Dr
Ljubo
Pejovid
Director
Biotechnical
Institute
~
~
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
Montenegro
—
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
CONTENT
OF
HEAVY
METALS
IN
THE
WATERS
OF
THE
RIVER
BREGALNICA
AND
ITS
TRIBUTARIES
SNE±ANA
T.
STAVREVA-VESELINOVSKA’
&
JORDAN
B.
~IVANOVIO2
‘Pedagogical
Faculty
“Goce Deldev”,
.≤tip,
Universiçy
“Sv.
Kin!
i
Melodjj”
Skopje. 2000
.≤tip,
Macedonia,
e-mail:
sstavreva@pfst.ukim.edu.mk;
Faculty
of
Mining
and
Geology,
Sup,
University
“Sv.
Kiril
i
Metodjj”
Skopje,00
Slip,
Macedonia,
e-mail:
zjordan~rgfukim.edu.mk
Abstract
During
the
period
from
January
1999
to
December
2000
field
research
has
been
made
at
20
measuring
points
on
the
river
Bregalnica
together
with
its
tributaries.
The
content
of
the
heavy
metals
(Pb,
Zn
and
Cd)
has
been
determined
in
water.
In
the
first
year
of
research
the
material
for
analysis
was
taken
once
a
month
during
the
year
(from
January
to
December
1999)
but
in
the
second
year
of
research the
material
of
analysis
has
taken
once
in
a
season
(spring,
summer,
autumn
and
winter
2002).
The
research
made
during
these
two
years
on
the
territory
of
East
Macedonia
had
an
aim
to
establish
the
degree
of
water
pollution
in
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries,
pollution with
heavy
metals
as a
result
of
direct
release
of
waste
water
from
lead-zinc
mines
“Zletovo”
and
“Sasa”
as
well
as
from
copper
mine
“Bucim”.
Keywords:
River
Bregalnica,
heavy metals,
water,
lead,
zink,
cadmium.
Lead
Because
of
the
high
toxicity
of
lead,
research
in
our
country
and
abroad
pays
great attention
to
the
sources
of
its
emission
into
atmosphere,
its
concentration
in
pedosphere,
organs
of
plants,
food
products,
and
absorption
into
human
organism
directly
or
indirectly
through
food
and
water,
as
well
as
the
harmful
effects
of
lead
upon
living
organisms.
Lead
is
a
widely
spread
element
and
is
present in
all
components
of
biosphere
beginning
from
the
soil,
in
natural
waters
and
in
atmosphere.
Knowledge
of
the
regularities
of
natural
spreading
of
lead
in
biosphere
is
of
particular
importance
and
represents
a
serious
task
for
the
modem
science.
If
we have in
mind
the
above
mentioned
facts
as
well
as
the
biological
consequences
of
the
accumulation
of
lead
in
outer
environment
which
are
determined
at
the
molecular-
genetic
and
ontogenetic
level
of
organization
of
living
system,
in
the
frames
of
the
research
realized
on
a
part
of
the
territory
in
Eastern
Macedonia,
or
more
concretely
in
the
water
basin
of
the
river
Bregalnica,
the
content
of
lead
in
the
waters
of
this
river
with
its
tributaries
was
determined
along
approximately
90
km,
beginning
from
the
site
Iliovo
immediately
before
the
mouth
of
the
river
Bregalnica
into
the
artificial
accumulation
lake
“Kalimanci”,
including
the
lake
“Kalimanci”
as
well
as
the
irrigation
system
“Bregalnica”.
From
the
results
acquired
after
two-year
research
while
the
annual
an
seasonal
dynamics
of
the
lead
content
in
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries
was
monitored,
it
can
be
seen
that
there
is
a
variation
in
the
values
of,
a
relatively
wide
range
between
respective
measuring
sites,
monthly
variations
as
well
as
differences
in acquired values
between
the
two
research
years,
which
id
the
consequence
of
anthropogenie
influence
upon
the
living
environment.
455
II
International
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
Mont
enegro
—
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
Table
1:
Minimum,
maximum
and
average
annual
values
of
lead
content
in
the
waters
of
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries
(mg/i)
—
year
1999
Measuring
point
Mm
Max
Xavcragc
R.b.
TI
r.
Bregalnica(Iliovo)
0.09
0.31
0.19
T2
Kozja
Reka
above
the
mine
0.01
0.03
0.02
T3
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine
0.01
0.03
0.02
T4
Kozja
Reka
after
the
mine
2.42
3.74
3.03
T5 Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine
2.14 4.82 3.32
T6 Kamenicka
Reka
1.21
2.23
1.65
T7 Kamenicka
Reka
-
after
waste
deposit
1.12
4.13
3.02
T8
Kamenicka
Reka
-
before
the
dam
0.74
4.65
1.38
T9
Dam
Kalimanci
0.10
0.31
0.15
Tb
Dam
Kalimanci
-
exit
0.05
0.14
0.07
TI
I
R.
Bregalnica
(Istibanja)
0.07 0.23
0.11
T12
R.Bregalnica(UIarci)
0.04
0.10 0.07
T13
R.Zletovica
(Ularci)
0.07
0.18
0.12
TI4
R.
Bregalnica
(Balvan)
0.06 0.15 0.10
T15
R.
Kriva
Lakavica
0.10
0.24
0.18
T16
R.
Bregalnica
(Dragoevo)
0.08 0.30 0.15
T17
R.
Bregalnica
(Novo
Selo)
0.05
0.27
0.15
T18
R.
Kiselica
0.48
3.14
1.98
TI9
R.
Koritnica
0.13
1.23
0.42
T20
R.
Osojnica
0.01
0.03 0.02
At
the
measuring
points
Kozja
Reka
above
the
mine,
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine
and
the
measuring
point
on the
river
Osojnica
at
Blatec,
Vinica
average annual values
of
the
lead
content in water
are
0,02
mg/I
and
they
are
in
the
frames
of
maximum
allowed
concentrations
(MDK)
for
land
II
categories
of
water,
which
is
0,01
mg/l
(Official
Register
of
R.Macedonia
—
18/99).
At
all
the
other
measuring
points
the
average
annual
values
of
lead
content in
the
water
of
the
river
Bregalnica
with
tributaries
vary from
0,07
to
3,32
mg/I,
and
they
are
higher
then
MDK
for
III
and
IV
water
categories
which
is
up
to
0,03mg/I.
Measuring
points
Kamenicka
Reka
immediately
before
its
mouth
into
the
dam
Kalimanci,
Kamenicka
Reka,
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine,
and
Kamenicka
reka
after
the
waste
deposit
are
characterized
both
with relatively
high
average
annual
values
(1,38-3,32 mg/I)
and
with
significantly
high
values measured
in
the
course
of
the
whole
researched
year
(1999)
as
shown
In
Table
1.
All
this
is
the
result
of
the
fact
that
these
rivers,
being
the
tributaries
of
the
river
Bregalnica,
carry
the
waste
waters
from
the
flotation
of
the
lead-zinc
ore
from
the
mine
“Sasa”.
The
relatively
high
average
annual
value
is
found
at
the
measuring
point
on
the
river
Kiselica
(1,98
mg/I)
which
is
tSe
tributary
of
the
river
Zietovica which
in
turn
is
the
tributary
of
the
river
Bregalnica,
and
it
carries
waste
waters
from
the
flotation
of
the
sulfide
concentrate
of
the
lead-zinc
ore
from
the
mine
“Zletovo”.
The
above
mentioned contributes
to
the
increase
of
the lead
content
in
water
at
the
rest
of
the
measuring
points along
the
river
Bregalnica,
and
the
average annual
values
vary
from
0,07
mg/I
(r.Bregalnica-Ularci)
to
0,15
mg/I
(r.Bregalnica-Novo
Selo and
r.Bregalnica
Dragoevo)
and
these
are
higher
then
MDK
for
III
and
IV
category
of
water
amounting
to
0,03
mg/I
(Official
register
of
R.Ma:edonia
18/99).
Related
to
measuringpoints,
we
have
the
same
situation
in
the
second
year
of
research
(2000)
compared
to the
previous
year (1999). The measuring
points
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
above the
mine
and
the
measuring
point
on
the
river
Osojnica
are
characterized
both
with
relatively
low
average
annual
values
and
relatively
low content
of
lead
in
water
in
the
course
456
z-1
II
International
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
Montenegro
—
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
of
the
whole
year
(0,01-0,02
mg/I),
and
the same
values
are
in
the
frames
of
MDK
for
land
II
category
of
water
which
is
up
to 0,01
mg/I.
At
the
rest
of
the
measuring
points,
the
average
annual
values
of
the
lead
content
in
water
vary
from
0,06
mg/I
to
3,88
mg/i,
and
these
are
higher
than
the
regulated
standards
for
the
III
and
IV
category
of
water
(0,03
mg/i),
(Official
register
of
R.Macedonia
18/99).
Table
2:
Minimum,
maximum
arid
average
annual
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries (mg/I)
—
year
2000
TI
T2
r.
Bregalnica
(Iliovo)
Kozja
Reka
above
the
mine
Differences in
the
average
annual values
of
the
lead
points,
as
well
as
the
differences
in the
two
years
of
research,
I
which
shows
that
average annual values
of
lead
content
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine,
Kamenicka
Reka
and
the
rivers
150
times
higher
compared
to
the
control
measuring
point
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine.
Fig.
1:
Average
annual
values
of
lead
content
in
water
content
at
respective
measuring
can
be
clearly
seen
from
Figure
at
measuring
points Kozja
and
Kiselica
and
Koritnica
are
100-
Osojnica,
as
well
as
Kozja
and
values
of
lead
content
in
the
waters
of
the
river
0.08
0.01
0.23
0.02 0.15
0.02
R.b.
Measuring
point
Miii
Max
X.vcrripe
T3
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine
0.01
0.02
0.01
T4
Kozja
Reka
after
the
mine
2.12
3.94 2.66
T5 Svinja
Reka
after
the
nine
2.96 4.82
3.88
~
T6
Kamenicka
Reka
1.64
2.73
2.14
T7
Kamenicka
Reka
—
after
waste
deposit
2.04
3.97 2.95
T8
Kamenicka
Reka
before
the
dam
0.75
1.45 1.06
T9
Dam
Kalimanci
0.09 0.16 0.12
TI
0
Dam
Kalimanci
—
exit
0.04 0.10
0.07
TI
I
R.
Bregalnica
(Istibanja)
0.05
0.14 0.10
T12
R.Bregalnica
(Ularci)
0.04 0.08 0.06
T13
R.Zletovica
(Ularci)
0.07
0.16
0.11
T14
R.
Bregalnica
(Balvan)
0.06
0.10
0.08
T15
R.KrivaLakavica
0.09
0.22
0.15
T16
R.
Bregalnica (Dragoevo)
0.05
0.09
0.07
T17
R.
Bregalnica
(Novo
Selo) 0.04 0.08
0.06
T18
R.
Kiselica
0.94
3.43
1.82
T19
R.
Koritnica
0.43
0.94 0.58
T20
K.
Osojnica
0.01
0.03
0.02
3.5
25
ii
1,5
a.5
Pb.1999
Pb,2000
457
II
International
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
Montenegro
—
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
Table
3:
Minimum,
maximum
and
average
annual
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries
(mg/i)
-
year
1999
values
of
zinc
content
in
the waters
of
the
river
R.b.
I
Measuring point
Mm
Max
Xaver.20
TI
r.
Bregalnica
(rliovo)
0.05
0.08
0.06
T2
KozjaRekaabovethemjne
0.10 0.16
0.13
T3
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine
0.10
0.14
0.12
T4
Kozja
Relca
after
the
mine
7.07
10.61
8.25
T5
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine
2.33
5.28
4.04
T6
Kamenicka
Reka
3.93
7.43
5.69
T7
Kamenicka
Reka
-
after
waste
deposit
3.04
9.16
7.04
T8
Kamenicka
Reka
—
before
the
darn
0.82
1.73
1.10
T9
Dam
Kalimanci
0.21 1.35
0.80
Tb
Dam
Kalimanci
exit
0.06
0.10
0.08
i’ll
R.
Bregalnica (tstibawa)
0.04 0.13
0.09
T12
R.Bregalnica
(Ularci)
0.03
0.09
0.06
T13
R.Zletovica (Ularci)
0.14 0.45
0.26
T14
R.
Bregalnica
(Balvan)
0.04
0.09
0.06
Tl5
R.
Kriva
Lakavica
0.14
0.43
0.26
T16
R.
Bregalnica (Dragoevo)
0.10
0.31
0.17
T17
R.
Bregalnica(Novo
Selo) 0.08 0.18
0.12
T18
R.
Kiselica
2.33
10.02
5.40
T19
R.
Koritnica
1.21
7.12
3.50
T20
R.
Osojnica
0.02 0.06
0.04
Zinc
If
compared
to
lead,
the
zinc
content
similarly
varies
in
respective months
of
the
year
at
the
measuring
points
themselves.
The
measuring
point
on
the
river
Osojnica
which
was
taken
to
be
the
control
measuring
point,
together
with
the
measuring
points
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine,
the
measuring
point
on
the
dam
Kalimanci
(exit),
as
well
as
the
measuring
points
along
the
river
Bregalnica
at
the
locations
Istibanja,
Ularci,
Balvan
and
Novo
Selo,
are
characterized
with
relatively
low
average
annual values
of
zinc
content in
water,
and these
vary
from
0,04
to
0,13
mg/I
and
are
in
the
frames
of
the
MOK’s
allowed
standards
I
and
II
category
of
water
amounting
to
0,1
mg/I
(Official
register
of
R.Macedonia
18/99).
Measuring
points
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine,
Kamenicka
reka,
Kamenicka
Reka
after
the
barren
soil accumulation
and
Kamenicka
Reka
immediately
before
its
mouth
into
the
dam
Kalimanci,
are
characterized
with relatively
high
average
annual
values
of
zinc
content
in
water
and
they
vary
from
1,10
to 8,25
mg/I meaning
that
these
values
are
about
forty
times
higher
than
MDK
for
II
and
IV
category
of
water
that amounts
to
0,2
mg/I
(Official
register
of
R.Macedonia
18/99).
Relatively
high
average
annual values
of
zinc
content
in
water
are
measured
at
the
measuring
points
on
the
rivers
Kiselica
and
Koritnica
(3,12-6,22
mg/I),
and
this
is
the
result
of
the
direct
release
of
waste
waters
from
the
lead
and
zinc
mine
“Zietovo”.
In
the
second
year
of
research
(2000)
the
average
annual
values
of
the
zinc
content
in
water
at
the
measuring points
are
similar
to
those
from
the
previous
year.
The
lowest
average
annual
value
of
zinc
content
in
water
was
measured
at
the
control
measuring
point
on
the
river
Osojnica
and
it
amounted
to 0,03
mg/I
which
is
significantly
lower
than
MDK
for
I
and
11
category
of
water
0,1
mg/I).
1(ozja
and
Svinja
Reka
together
with
Kamenicka
reka
carrying
waste
waters
from
the
mine
“Sasa”,
as
well
as
the
measuring
points
on
the
rivers
Kiselica
and
Koritnica
carrying
waste waters
from
the
mine
“Zlctovo”,
are
characterized
with
relatively
high
average
annual
values
of
zinc content in
water
and
they
vary
from
1,39 to
8,10
mg/I
(Table
4).
458
-r
II
International
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
Monrenegro
—
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
unavoidable
consequence
of
mining,
processing
and
throwing
away metal.
Unlike
leads,
copper
and
quicksilver
that
are
being
used
for
centuries,
cadmium
is
in wide
use
only
for
the
last hundred
years.
More
than
half
of
the
used
cadmium
was
produced
in
the
last
20
years.
It
is
a
side
product
of
melting
the
zinc
ore
or
other
basic
metals,
and
not
one ore
is
a
basic
source
of
cadmium.
TableS:
Minimum,
maximum
and
average
annual
values
of
cadmium
content
in
the
water
of
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries
(mg/I)
—
year
1999
R.b.
Measuring
point
Mm
I
Max
X1~0~~
TI
r.
Bregalnica
(Iliovo)
0.006 0.012
0.009
T2
Kozja
R.
above
the
mi?e
0.002
0.004
0.003
T3
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine
0.002
0.004
0.003
T4
Kozja
Reka
after
the
mine
0.072
0.156
0.100
T5
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine
0.032 0.072
0.05!
T6
Kameni-.ka
Reka 0.028
0.061
0.040
T7
Kamenicka
Reka
-
after
waste
deposit 0.062 0.094
0.079
T8
Kamenicka
It
before
the
dam
0.0
10
0.024
0.015
T9
Dam
Kalimanci
0.009 0.016
0.0
2
T10
Dam
Kalimanci
exit
0.009
0.0
16
0.0
2
TI
I
R.
Bregalnica
(Istibanja)
0.009
0.0
14
0.0
2
T12
R.Bregalnica
(Ularci)
0.011
0.015
0.0
3
T13
R.Zletovica
(Ularci)
0.005
0.024
0.015
T14
R.
Bregalnica (Balvan)
0.003
0.018
0.011
Tb
R.
Kriva
Lakavica
0.019
0.038 0.027
T16
R.
Bregalnica
(Dragoevo)
0.009
0.021
0.014
T17
R.
Bregalnica
(Novo
Selo)
0.005
0.016
0.011
TIS
R.
Kiselica
0.011
0.040
0.028
T19
R.
Koritnica
0.020
0.054
0.033
T20
R.
Osojnica
0.00
1
0.004
0.002
Table
5
shows
minimum,
maximum
and
average
annual values
of
cadmium
content
in
the
water
of
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
fributaries.
The absolute
minimum
values
of
the
cadmium
content
along
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries
varies
in
the
frames
from
0,00
1
mg/I
at
the
measuring
point
on
the
river
Osojnica,
then 0,002
mg/I
on
Kozja
and
Svinja
reka
above
the
mine,
to 0,075
mg/I
on
Kozja
Reka
after
the
mine,
while
absolute
maximum
values
are
from
0,004
mg/I
in
the
river
Osojnica
and
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
above the
mine
to
0,156
mgll
in
Kozja
reka
after
the
mine.
The
measuring
points
on
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine,
measuring
points
located
along
the
river
Kamenicka
Reka,
the
rivers
Kiselica
and
Koritnica,
as
well
as
the
river
Kriva
Lakavica,
are
characterized
with
relatively
high
average
annual
values
of
cadmium
content
in
water,
and
these
values
are
from
0,027
to
0,100 mg/I.
These values
are
considerably
higher
than
MDK
for
III
and
IV
category
of
cadmium
in water
which
is
up
to
0,01
mg/I
(Official
register
of
R.Macedonia
18/99).
The
lowest
average
annual
value
was
measured
at
the
control
measuring
point
on
the
river
Osojnica
(0,002
mg/I)
as
a
relatively
clean
environment.
Measuring
points located
downstream
the
river
Bregalnica,
as
well
as
the
Kalimanci
accumulation
lake,
are
characterized
with
relatively
high
average annual values,
which
indicates
the
fact
that
cadmium
is
present
along
the
entire
course
of
the
river
Bregalnica
as
a
result
of
the
bead
carried
by
the
tributaries
of
Bregalnica-
waste waters
from
the lead
and
zinc
mines
“Zletovo”
and
“Sasa”.
These
values,
varied
from
0,011
to 0,033
mg/I
and
are
higher
than
MDK
for
III
and
IV
category
of
water
that amouts
to 0,01
mg/I
(Official
Register
of
R.Macedonia
18/99).
460
II
International
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
?vfontenegro
—
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
R.b.
Measuring
point
Mm
Max
X.~~20
Ti
r.
Bregalnica
(Jilovo)
0.003
0.005
0.004
T2
Kozja
Reka
0.002
0.004
0.003
T3
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine
0.002
0.003
0.003
T4
Kozja
Reka
after
the
mine
0.072
0.094
0.081
T5
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine
0.038
0.068
0.050
T6
Kamenicka
Reka
0.023
0.048
0.036
T7
Kainenicka
Reka
—
after
waste
deposit
0.068
0.083 0.076
T8
Kamenicka
Reka
befo
t
the
dam
0.021
0.051
0.039
T9
Brana
Kalimanci
0.010
0.014
0.012
TI
0
Brana
Kalimanci-exit
0.007 0.013
0.010
Ti
I
R.
Bregalnica
(Istibanja)
0.007
0.0
12
0.0
10
T12 R.Bregalnica
(Ularci)
0.010
0.014
0.013
T13
R.Zietovica (Ularci)
0.008
0.0
18
0.0
14
Ti4
R.
Bregalnica
(Balvan)
0.007
0.0-12
0.010
TI5
R.
Kriva
Lakavica
0.014
0.024
0.019
T16
R.
Bregalnica
(Dragoevo)
0.012
0.019 0.016
T17
R.
Bregalnica
(Novo
Selo)
0.007
0.014
0.010
TI8
R.
Kiselica
0.024
0.044
0.031
T19
R.
Koritnica
0.022
0.048 0.037
T20
R.
Osojnica
0.001
0.003 0.002
In
the
second
year
of
research,
relatively
high
average
annual
values
of
cadmium
contents in
water
were
found
at
the
measuring
points
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
after
the
mine,
measuring
points
located
on
Kamenicka
Reka,
rivers
Kiselica,
Koritnica
and
Kriva
Lakavica
with
values
varying
from
0,0
19
to 0,08
1
mg/l,
and are
higher
than
MDK
for
III
and
IV
category
of
water
(up
to
0,01
mg/I).
Fig.
3:
Average
annual values
of
cadmium content
in
water
Relatively
low
average annual values
of
cadmium content
in
water
were
measured
at
the
control
measuring points
(the
rivers
Osojnica,
Kozja
and
Svinja
Reka
above
the
mine)
and
these
values
vary
from
0,002
to
0,003
mg/I.
At
the
rest
of
the
measuring
points
located along
the
course
of
the
river
Bregalnica,
average
annual
values
of
cadmium
content
vary
from
0,0
10
to
0,014
mg/I
and
they
are
in
the
frames
of
MDK
for
III
and
IV
category
of
water
(0,01
mg/I,
Official
Register
of
R.Macedortia
18/99).
Table
6:
Minimum,
maximum
and average
annual
values
of
cadmium
content
in
the
water
of
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries
(mz/1)
-
year
2000
________
________ ________
02
0.1
Cd.1999 Cd.2000
461
r
II
International
Symposium
of
Ecologists
of
Montenegro
—
Proceedings
of
the
Symposium
Figure
3
shows
the
cadmium
content
at
20
measuring
points
located
along
the
course
of
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries, constructed
from
the
average
annual
values
in
the
two
years
of
research.
Conclusion
From
two
hundred
measuring points
along
the
flow
of
the
river
Bregalnica
with
its
tributaries,
the
highest
values
of
the
contents
of
heavy
metals
in
water
were
received
on
the
measuring
points
Kozja
and
S-einja
River
behind
the
mine,
and
the
measuring
points
located
in
the
flow
of
Kamenicka
River
as
a
result
of
the
waste
water
of
flotation
of
lead-zink
mine
from
“Sasa”
mine,
the
rivers
Kiselica
and
Koritnica
which
are
tributaries
of
the
river
Zietovica
as
a
result
of
the
waste
water
from
the
lead-zink
mine
“Zletovo”
and
the
increased
concentration
of
copper
in
water
of
the
river
Kriva
Lakavica
from
the
copper
mine
“Bucim”.
References
Holdgate,
M.
W. (1979)
A
Per:pective
of
Environmental
Pollution,
Cambridge
University
Press,
Cambridge
Kello,
D.
(1976)
Kadmjjum
is
covekovom
okolL~u,
Arh.
hig.
zavoda,
p.27-31,
lnstitut
za
medicinska
istra~ivanja
i
medicinu
rada,
JAZU,
Zagreb
Krasnu,
H.
S.
(1978)
Effect
of
cadmium
on
microsomal
hemoproteins
and
hemooxygenase
in
rat
liver,
Mol. Pharmacol,
13,
N4,
p.
759-765
Moore,
S.
W.,
Ramamoorthy,
S.
(1984)
Heavy
metals
in
natural
waters,
Applied
Monitoring
and
impact
assessment,
N.
Y.
etc.
Springer,
p.269
Stavreva-Veselinovska
Sne~ana
(2002)
Distribucija
na
nekoi
te~ki
metali
pod
vlijanie
na
navodnuvanje
so
vodi
od
slivnoto
podraèje
na
rekata
Bregalnica, Doktorska
disertacija,
Prirodno-matematieki
fakultet,
Institut
za
biologija,
Skopje
Stiborova
Marie,
Hromadkova
Radka,
Leblova
Sylva
(1986)
Effect
of
irons
of
heavy metals
on
the
photosynthetic
characteristic
of
maize (Zea mays
L.),
Biologia,
CSSR,
41,
N12,
p
1221-1228
Wood,
J.
M.
(1974)
Biological
cycles
for
toxic
elements
in
the
environment,
Science,
183,
p.
1049
462