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A Revision of the Genus Dasyhelea Kieffer of the Eastern United States North of Florida (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)
Abstract
Eighteen species of Dasyhelea Kieffer are described and illustrated, of which 9 are new: brevicornis, brevicosta, leptobranchia, messcrsmithi, navaiac, pscudocincta, doincisurata, spinijorma, and stemlerae. D. subcaerulea Thomsen is synonymized with D. grisea (Coquillett) (NEW SYNONYMY). Species groups and subgeneric classification are discussed, and a key is given separation of the species.
... Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 is a large and complex genus of Ceratopogonidae with diverse morphology and biology which occurs worldwide in a variety of small aquatic habitats (WAUGH & WIRTH 1976). Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied intermittently only to various regional faunas (DÍAZ et al. 2009). ...
... Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied intermittently only to various regional faunas (DÍAZ et al. 2009). BORKENT (2014) listed 67 species for the Neotropics, of which seven belong to the grisea species-group as de ned by WAUGH & WIRTH (1976). Of these, three species are known also from their immatures, each one with a different kind of breeding site: D. necrophila Spinelli & Rodriguez, 1999 inhabits arti cial containers and rock holes containing water, D. correntina Díaz, 2004 is found in mud, andD. ...
... Cephalothorax ( Discussion. WAUGH & WIRTH (1976) proposed the cincta, grisea, leptobranchia and mutabilis species-groups for the Nearctic Dasyhelea species, working in an exclusively phenetic framework. Most of the Neotropical species t within these groups or are in the brevicosta species-group proposed by GROGAN & WIENERS (2006) and the patagonica species-group proposed by DÍAZ et al. (2010). ...
A new species, Dasyhelea pseudopollinosa Diaz & Ronderos sp. nov., is described from Brazil, illustrated and photographed as pupae and male and female adults. The male of D. paulistana Forattini & Rabello, 1957 is described for the first time, and the pupa and female adult are redescribed. Pupae of both species were collected from mats of floating fern leaves (Salviniaceae and Azollaceae) in Brazil and Argentina, and exhibit a respiratory organ which is thick at the base and tapering to a sharp apex, and segment 9 with elongate, slender apicolateral process. Differences between the two species are established, and they are also compared with Nearctic congeners that have the same kind of pupa: D. pollinosa Wirth, 1952, D. traverae Thomsen, 1935, and D. chani Wirth & Linley, 1990.
... is a large and complex genus of Ceratopogonidae with diverse morphology and biology, occurring worldwide in a variety of habitats (WAUGH & WIRTH, 1976). ...
... Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/ or species groups is still incipient and generally have been applied sporadically only to various regional fauna. With regard to the Nearctic region, WAUGH & WIRTH (1976) reviewed the cincta, grisea, leptobranchia and mutabilis groups, BORKENT & FORSTER (1986) the fasciigera group and GROGAN & WIENERS (2006) the brevicornis group. ...
... Dasyhelea pabloi belongs to the leptobranchia group, as diagnosed by WAUGH & WIRTH (1976). It is very similar to the Nearctic species D. brevicosta Waugh & Wirth, 1976 especially by the short costa, and also by the gonostili and parameres shape. ...
... Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied sporadically only to various regional fauna (Díaz et al. 2009). In the New World, Waugh and Wirth (1976) provided diagnoses of the cincta, grisea, leptobranchia and mutabilis groups in the Nearctic region; Wirth and Waugh (1976) described five new species from northeastern Brazil in the borgmeieri group that they named, with characters identical to those of the mutabilis group (Díaz et al. 2010); Grogan and Wieners (2006) proposed the brevicornis group for one Nearctic and one Neotropical species; Díaz et al. (2009) reviewed the cincta group from Patagonia; and Díaz et al. (2010) proposed the patagonica group for seven species that inhabit southern South America. Borkent (2014) listed 66 species of Dasyhelea in the Neotropics. ...
... CI = 0.47; RI = 0.55) (Figure 1). The analysis suggests that the mutabilis group as defined by Wirth (1952) and Waugh and Wirth (1976) is not monophyletic due to D. necrophila, a species in the grisea group, that is embedded within the mutabilis clade. Dasyhelea ingrami is the most basal species. ...
... The cladistic analysis herein presented does not support the previous hypothesis with regard to the grisea and mutabilis groups sensu Wirth (1952) and Waugh and Wirth (1976), due to D. necrophila, a member of the grisea group, being embedded with other species of the mutabilis group. This relationship is supported by the characters "presence of one spermatheca", "asymmetrical parameres" and "rounded subgenital plate". ...
We provide a taxonomic revision of the Dasyhelea mutabilis species group inhabiting Patagonia, including diagnoses and identification key for both sexes of all species, descriptions and illustrations of seven new and three previously described species, and a discussion of phylogenetic relationships for each species. In addition, a cladistic analysis of the Neotropical and Nearctic species of the mutabilis group was performed using TNT version 1.1. It suggests that this group is not monophyletic, and this and other results are discussed within a phylogenetic framework.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:39D6AE31-36D1-4CBF-8C43-40050801ECAD
... is a large and complex genus of Ceratopogonidae with diverse morphology and biology, occurring worldwide in a variety of habitats (WAUGH & WIRTH, 1976). ...
... Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/ or species groups is still incipient and generally have been applied sporadically only to various regional fauna. With regard to the Nearctic region, WAUGH & WIRTH (1976) reviewed the cincta, grisea, leptobranchia and mutabilis groups, BORKENT & FORSTER (1986) the fasciigera group and GROGAN & WIENERS (2006) the brevicornis group. ...
... Dasyhelea pabloi belongs to the leptobranchia group, as diagnosed by WAUGH & WIRTH (1976). It is very similar to the Nearctic species D. brevicosta Waugh & Wirth, 1976 especially by the short costa, and also by the gonostili and parameres shape. ...
Six new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 from Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia are described and illustrated based on adults. Five of these species do not belong to any of the recognized groups found in the Americas. The remaining one, Dasyhelea pabloi sp. nov. is a typical member of the leptobranchia group and is the first record of a species from this group found in the Neotropical region.
... Discussion. Wilkening et al. (1985) listed this very common Nearctic species from 13 Florida counties including Monroe Co. Thomsen (1937) and Waugh and Wirth (1976) noted that this species has been reared from algae in freshwater ponds. Hribar and Grogan (2005) provided the first records of this species from Long and Vaca Keys, Monroe Co. ...
... Wilkening et al. (1985) listed this species from Alachua, Duval, Levy and Monroe counties, and Hribar and Grogan (2005) provided additional Monroe Co. records from Long Key. We have tentatively identified a female from St. Lucie Co. that is slightly smaller (wing length 0.66 mm) than reported by Waugh and Wirth (1976) ...
... New continental US record. Dasyhelea stemlerae Waugh and Wirth Dasyhelea stemlerae Waugh and Wirth, 1976: 233 (Maryland); Wilkening et al. 1985: 519 ...
We provide new records of biting and predaceous midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Florida, including the first documented United States records of Atrichopogon (Atrichopogon) caribbeanus Ewen, Dasyhelea griseola Wirth, D. scissurae Macfie, and Brachypogon (Brachypogon) woodruffi Spinelli and Grogan. Atrichopogon (Meloehelea) downesi Wirth, Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) monilicornis (Coquillett), F. (T.) nodosa Saunders, Ceratoculicoides blantoni Wirth and Ratanaworabhan, Mallochohelea albibasis (Malloch), Bezzia (Bezzia) imbifida Dow and Turner and B. (B.) mallochi Wirth are recorded for the first time from Florida. Forcipomyia (Thyridomyia) johannseni Thomsen, Bezzia (Bezzia) expolita (Coquillett), and B. (B.) pulverea (Coquillett) are deleted from the ceratopogonid fauna of Florida. Dasyhelea koenigi Delécolle and Rieb is a junior objective synonym of Dasyhelea scissurae Macfie (NEW SYNONYM). The total number of Ceratopogonidae recorded from Florida is now 249 species contained within 27 genera.
... Female Dasyhelea adults are common on flowers where they take nectar, but have non-biting mouthparts (Downes and Wirth 1981). Dasyhelea pseudocincta has previously been reared from salt marshes (Waugh and Wirth 1976) , and an unidentified species of Dasyhelea was found in a Massachusetts salt marsh (Wall 1973 ). Dasyhelea grisea has been reported from California to Quebec and south to Texas and Florida (Waugh and Wirth 1976) where adults have been reared from blanket algae in ponds and from lake edges. ...
... Dasyhelea pseudocincta has previously been reared from salt marshes (Waugh and Wirth 1976) , and an unidentified species of Dasyhelea was found in a Massachusetts salt marsh (Wall 1973 ). Dasyhelea grisea has been reported from California to Quebec and south to Texas and Florida (Waugh and Wirth 1976) where adults have been reared from blanket algae in ponds and from lake edges. Dasyhelea mutabilis is a species complex with a number of species and has been previously reared from swamps and sphagnum bogs (Waugh and Wirth 1976). ...
... Dasyhelea grisea has been reported from California to Quebec and south to Texas and Florida (Waugh and Wirth 1976) where adults have been reared from blanket algae in ponds and from lake edges. Dasyhelea mutabilis is a species complex with a number of species and has been previously reared from swamps and sphagnum bogs (Waugh and Wirth 1976). Dasyhelea sp. 1 was restricted to Tenmile Marsh (Table 3), where it was found in small and medium sized pools between mid June and early August. ...
Emerging insects were monitored every 10 days between early May and late August 1993, from tidal pools in three coastal salt
marshes on Prince Edward Island, Canada. The salt marsh pools ranged from about 1 m2 to > 1,000 m2 in surface area, and had salinities ranging from 11–27‰ Water temperatures through the study period ranged from 4–46°C. Most
of the emerging insects were flies (Diptera; 85%), and two-thirds of these were in the sub-Order Nematocera, mainly Chironomidae,
Ceratopogonidae, and Culicidae. Forty-three species of Nematocera were identified, although most of these were rare occurrences,
and twelve of the species are undescribed. No consistent relationships were found between abundance or diversity and pool
size or marsh for Nematocera species overall, although some species showed a statistical preference for a particular marsh
or pool size. Emergence patterns were consistent between marshes for species found in different marshes, but overall patterns
were highly variable, depending upon species.
... Adult stages of both the sexes belonging to the genus Dasyhelea rely on nutrition from the honeydew and nectar [12], larval stages of this genus are primarily herbivorous actively feeding upon the plant and animal debris [13][14][15]. However, there is also evidence of carnivorous feeding habit of D. pseudoincisurata Waugh and Wirth, [16,17]. Insects harbor a broad variety of microorganisms in their gut which help in numerous physiological functions [18]. ...
... P +++, D +++, P Culicoides innoxius has a potential role in spreading BTV through its blood-feeding habit in cattle [6,7]. Adult Dasyhelea feeds on honeydew and sugar solutions of plants [16]. Adult biting midges may also visit flowers for nectar. ...
Biting midges are small nematocerous Diptera. Culicoides and Dasyhelea are two important genera of the family Ceratopogonidae. Larvae of Culicoides innoxius and Dasyhelea aprojecta are found in the semiaquatic moist habitat. The larvae feed on the small debris and habitat substrata. The materials consumed by these larvae aid in their development to become adult. The nutritional evaluation of the food material of larvae of C. innoxius and D. aprojecta was carried out to know the essential elements for their development. In the case of adult Culicoides, many species are hematophagous. However, the adult midges of the genus Dasyhelea are dependent on nectar and honeydew. Along with their digestive enzymes, exoenzyme-producing gut associated bacteria have also an important role in the digestion of these food materials. Digestion and metabolism of these food materials aid in insect maturation, immunity, reproduction, maintaining diapause, etc. Qualitative determination of the gut associated bacteria of adult C. innoxius and D. flava was accomplished to infer the role of bacteria supplementing the digestive enzymes.
... Dasyhelea flavifrons belongs to the Dasyhelea grisea species group as defined by Waugh and Wirth (1976), and this group is equivalent to the subgenus Dasyhelea s. str. (Dominiak 2012) and has a wide distribution. ...
... Dasyhelea flavifrons is compared with all the American species of the grisea group, developing in diverse habitats including artificial containers Thomsen (1937) described the larva and pupa of D. grisea and D. traverae, both collected from blanket algae, but unfortunately the descriptions are poor and incomplete. Subsequently, Waugh and Wirth (1976) redescribed these species and described the pupa of D. pollinosa collected from pools of salt water pumped into a creek from oil wells and D. pseudoincisurata reared from rock pools along stream margins. The larva of D. grisea differs from D. flavifrons by the mandible with 3 teeth, the hypostoma with the medial portion smooth and flanked by 6 teeth and the caudal segment having 5 pairs of hooks. ...
The fourth instar larva and pupa of Dasyhelea flavifrons Guérin-Méneville are redescribed, illustrated, and photomicrographed using binocular, phase-contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. Comparisons with the American species of the grisea group were made. The immatures were collected by using a siphon bottle in tree-holes and from water collected in dead snail shells in Salta Province, Argentina, transported to the laboratory and there bred to the emergence of the adults. Details on larval habitats are given. These are the first records from Argentina and in gastrotelmata.
... Dasyhelea Kieffer 1911 is a large and complex genus of Ceratopogonidae with diverse morphology and biology which occurs worldwide in a variety of small aquatic habitats (Waugh and Wirth, 1976). Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied intermittently only to various regional faunas (Diaz et al., 2014). ...
... Two of the described species, Dasyhelea azteca and Dasyhelea yunga n. sp., belong to the grisea group as defined by Waugh and Wirth (1976), and this group is equivalent to the subgenus Dasyhelea s. str. (Dominiak, 2012). ...
Two new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, D. yunga and D. allegrae, placed in the grisea and mutabilis species groups respectively, are described, illustrated and photographed based on pupae and male and female adults. In addition, the immatures of D. azteca are described for the first time. The specimens were collected in the southernmost area of the Argentinean Yungas. The pupae of D. yunga and D. allegrae were examined using a Compound Microscope (CM), while the larva and pupa of D. azteca by a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and CM.
... Dasyhelea Kieffer is a large and complex genus of Ceratopogonidae with diverse morphology and biology which occurs worldwide in a variety of small aquatic habitats (Waugh & Wirth, 1976). Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied intermittently only to various regional faunas (Díaz et al., 2014). ...
... Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied intermittently only to various regional faunas (Díaz et al., 2014). Borkent (2016) listed 77 species for the Neotropics and of these number, 25 belong to the Dasyhelea mutabilis species group as defined by Waugh & Wirth (1976). ...
Two new species of Dasyhelea Kieffer, Dasyhelea jorgei Diaz, Felippe-Bauer & Spinelli sp. nov. and Dasyhelea mineira Diaz, Felippe-Bauer & Spinelli sp. nov. are described, illustrated and photographed from Peru and Brazil respectively, based on male and female adults. These species are typical members of mutabilis species group and are compared with similar species within the group.
... Biting midges of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer are a large and complex group of Ceratopogonidae with diverse morphology and biology, occurring worldwide in a variety of habitats (Waugh and Wirth 1976). Taxonomically, the recognition of the subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally, the subgeneric division has been only sporadically applied to various regional faunas (Díaz et al. 2014). ...
... Taxonomically, the recognition of the subgenera and/or species groups is still incipient and generally, the subgeneric division has been only sporadically applied to various regional faunas (Díaz et al. 2014). At present there are 70 extant species of Dasyhelea inhabiting the Neotropical region (Borkent 2015), of which 12 belong to the cincta species-group as defined by Waugh and Wirth (1976) and, of this number, three occur in Patagonia. Regarding the immatures of this group, only four species are known: D. bahamensis (John-son) (Ronderos et al. 2003), D. cincta (Coquillett) (Spinelli 1983, Díaz et al. 2009), D. mediomunda Minaya (Minaya 1978) and D. paracincta Wirth (Borkent 1991). ...
The fourth instar larva of Dasyhelea mediomunda Minaya is described for the first time and a complete
description of the pupa is provided, through use of phase-contrast microscope and scanning electron
microscope. Studied specimens were collected in a pond connected to a small wetland “mallin” on the
Patagonian steppe, Chubut province, Argentina.
... Larvae of Dasyhelea are aquatic or semiaquatic in a wide variety of habitats. These include tree sap (Keilin 1921); tropical rain pools (McLachlan 1981); tree holes (Kitching 1972); bamboo internodes (Mogi & Suzuki 1983); Nepenthes cups (Dover et al. 1928, Lee & Chan 1985; rotting vegetable matter (Winder 1977); cocoa leaf litter (Winder & Silva 1972); and wet bark, puddles, springs, ditches, marshes, moss, decomposing plants, and moist soil (Waugh & Wirth 1976). Larvae of some species have even been found in extreme conditions such as thermal water in hot springs and in water with high mineral content (Keilin 1921, Waugh & Wirth 1976. ...
... These include tree sap (Keilin 1921); tropical rain pools (McLachlan 1981); tree holes (Kitching 1972); bamboo internodes (Mogi & Suzuki 1983); Nepenthes cups (Dover et al. 1928, Lee & Chan 1985; rotting vegetable matter (Winder 1977); cocoa leaf litter (Winder & Silva 1972); and wet bark, puddles, springs, ditches, marshes, moss, decomposing plants, and moist soil (Waugh & Wirth 1976). Larvae of some species have even been found in extreme conditions such as thermal water in hot springs and in water with high mineral content (Keilin 1921, Waugh & Wirth 1976. ...
Except for eggs and first instars, the immature stages of Dasyhelea chani Wirth & Linley were more abundant on the lower than the upper surfaces of mature and mature old leaves of the water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.). Eggs were laid close to the wet-dry line, usually just below it, and almost always on the upper leaf surface. First instars were closely associated with eggs. The remaining immatures were distributed mostly on the lower leaf surface, 0.5 cm or less below the wet-dry line. First and second instars usually were not farther than 2 cm below the line, whereas third and fourth instars were found over a wider range, sometimes as far as 4 cm below the line. Pupae occurred almost always on the lower leaf surface, on both sides of the line, and sometimes as far as 5 cm above it. P. stratiotes plants examined between July and August 1987 yielded an average of 2.3 egg batches (75.6 eggs), 2.6 second instars, 3.4 third instars, 5.8 fourth instars, 1.7 pupae, and 2.6 pupal skins per positive plant.
... Their larvae inhabit puddles, lakes, springs, rivers, swamps, peat bogs, phytotelmata and moist soil. Some species breed in sap oozing from trees, rotting plants and ephemeral rock pools, while others are reported from saline soil or water of inland saline habitats and intertidal zone of seas (Waugh & Wirth 1976, Mullen & Hribar 1988, Szadziewski et al. 1997, Borkent & Dominiak 2020. Larvae feed on algae, fungi, and detritus, but some species are also predators and prey on protozoans, rotifers, nematodes, annelids, caddisfly-, chironomid-, mosquito-, and other biting midge larvae (Mullen & Hribar 1988, Szadziewski et al. 1997. ...
Faunistic studies on biting midges conducted mostly in South Norway between 2006 and 2020, as well as a revision of available literature, resulted in a new comprehensive checklist of the species known from mainland Norway. In total, 21 genera and 216 species of Ceratopogonidae have been registered, of which as many as 165 are with Linnaean names. For the remaining 51 species interim names are given as no existing nominal species could be assigned. Four genera, namely Ceratoculicoides Wirth & Ratanaworabhan, 1971, Monohelea Kieffer, 1917b, Phaenobezzia Haeselbarth, 1965 and Probezzia Kieffer, 1906, and 58 species are reported from Norway for the first time. Records of nine biting midge species previously mentioned from the country turned out to be uncertain and are currently treated as doubtful. In Norway, the most species-rich genera of Ceratopogonidae are: Culicoides Latreille, 1809 with 34, Forcipomyia Meigen, 1818 with 29, Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911a with 22, Atrichopogon Kieffer, 1906 with 16, Bezzia Kieffer, 1899 with 15, and Palpomyia Meigen, 1818 with 15 reported species.
... Further the posterior margin of sternite 9 in D. multiforamina is without any middle excavation, while in D. griseola a prominent middle excavation is present. Dasyhelea multiforamina is also similar to Dasyhelea (Dasyhelea) pseudoincisurata Waugh & Wirth, 1976 described from USA in mesoventral hooks of gonocoxite, apicolateral process of tergite IX, parameres and aedeagus. However, in the new species the apex of gonostylus is wanting any notched tip unlike D. pseudoincisurata. ...
Three new species of biting midges belonging to the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer are described as a result of the extensive entomological surveys in the Deltaic Proper of Gangetic West Bengal, India. Adult and pupal stages of Dasyhelea (Dasyhelea) multiforamina sp. nov. and D. (Sebessia) bulbosa sp. nov., and all the life stages of D. (Pseudoculicoides) aprojecta sp. nov. are described. Dasyhelea (Prokempia) flaviformis Carter, Ingram and Macfie is also recorded first time from the Oriental region as only adult stage. They are described, illustrated and photomicrographed. A short note on bionomics of the four species is provided. The subgeneric placement of seven species previously described from India and keys to the Indian species of Dasyhelea based on male and female are also furnished. Key words: Dasyhelea, new species, new record, immature, Sebessia, Prokempia, Pseudoculicoides, Key, Oriental Region
... The available food resources such as cattle for Culicoides and vegetable food sourees like floweres and fruits for Dasyhelea in the study area should be considered influencing factors for the growth and multiplication of the above midges. Semiaquatic habitats are preferred by some species of Dasyhelea (Waugh andWirth 1976, Wirth 1978) and Culicoides (Bakhoum et al. 2016).Thus, optimum air temperature and relative humidity rather than water temperature seemed essential for growth of the midges. From the above, the relation of the abundance of biting midges with temperature is evident and positively correlated which also corroborates with the study of Veggiani Aybar et al. (2012) in case of the genus Culicoides. ...
Seasonal abundance of biting midges,
Culicoides Latreille and Dasyhelea Kieffer has been
studied with respect to temperature and relative
humidity in the University Campus. A comparative
study of attraction of Culicoides and Dasyhelea to
both UV and white light has also been made.
... The immature stages of Dasyhelea inhabit a wide range of moist and terrestrial habitats, like peat bogs (Domniak & Szadziewski 2006), rockpools (Wirth 1978), plants of Nepenthes Linnaeus (Wirth & Beaver 1979), tree sap (Domniak 2005) and in mushrooms (Graves & Graves 1985). The short-lived adults (Zilahi-Sebess 1931) are often found in or around the vegetation near the breeding sites (Waugh & Wirth 1976). The structure of the mouthparts in both sexes is similar, i.e., reduction of both mandibles and maxillae (Glukhova 1981), and both males and females feed on nectar and honeydew and according to Wirth (1956) they can act as pollinators of plants such as rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ...
Based on intensive collecting from various sites in Sweden, the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 was reviewed and the number of species now known from the country increased from five to twenty. Among the new species recorded there are two species described as new to science, D. dominiakae sp. nov. and D. gothlandica sp. nov., both in the subgenus Dicryptoscena Enderlein, 1936. The following subgenera are now documented from Sweden: Dasyhelea, Dicryptoscena, Pseudoculicoides Malloch, 1915, Prokempia Kieffer, 1913 and Sebessia Remm, 1979, the two latter subgenera being reported for the first time.
... Los adultos de ambos sexos son comunes en las flores, mayoritariamente en umbelíferas, de las cuales obtienen el néctar, la melaza y/o los jugos como fuente de energía (Dominak, 2012). Las larvas requieren de una fina capa de agua para su supervivencia (Wirth, 1978), hallándose en todo tipo de suelos húmedos, por ejemplo en agua acumulada en depósitos artificiales (canales, tuberías..), junto a reservorios de agua, turberas, sobre algas, musgos, hepáticas y líquenes, en cortezas húmedas, troncos y agujeros de árboles, en la savia, tallos, cáscaras de frutas, bromeliáceas, charcos, raíces, hojas en descomposición, etc. (De Mellon & Wirth, 1991;Dominiak & Szadziewski, 2006;Dominak, 2012) aunque también ocupan algunos hábitats terrestres (Waugh & Wirth, 1976, Graves & Graves, 1985 y excrementos (Vattier, 1964). Aunque no fueron comunes en las trampas de luz, sí aparecieron en gran número criando en los tres hábitats asociados con la charca, así como en los sustratos arenosos de los márgenes del río, en la zanja y en otros cuatro hábitats (Tabla III). ...
The partial results from multiple sampling programs carried out with light traps as well as with emergence traps at various localities during the period 2008-2012 are presented, with the aim of studying the members of the family Ceratopogonidae in the Basque Country administrative region. A total of 15 genera were collected with light trapping in sheep farms, 11 genera in natural habitats and 13 genera from their breeding sites. Apart from the genus Culicoides, most of the specimens belonged to the genus Forcipomyia, which was very common at all the sampling sites. The remaining ceratopogonids belonged to the following taxa: Atrichopogon, Dasyhelea, Palpomyia, Bezzia, Stilobezzia, Ceratopogon, Brachypogon, Monohelea, Allohelea tessellata, Ceratoculicoides havelkai, Homohelea iberica, Kolenohelea calcarata and Serromyia femorata. New and interesting data about the breeding sites of various species are included and the existing literature is reviewed.
... Los adultos de ambos sexos son comunes en las flores, mayoritariamente en umbelíferas, de las cuales obtienen el néctar, la melaza y/o los jugos como fuente de energía (Dominak, 2012). Las larvas requieren de una fina capa de agua para su supervivencia (Wirth, 1978), hallándose en todo tipo de suelos húmedos, por ejemplo en agua acumulada en depósitos artificiales (canales, tuberías..), junto a reservorios de agua, turberas, sobre algas, musgos, hepáticas y líquenes, en cortezas húmedas, troncos y agujeros de árboles, en la savia, tallos, cáscaras de frutas, bromeliáceas, charcos, raíces, hojas en descomposición, etc. (De Mellon & Wirth, 1991;Dominiak & Szadziewski, 2006;Dominak, 2012) aunque también ocupan algunos hábitats terrestres (Waugh & Wirth, 1976, Graves & Graves, 1985 y excrementos (Vattier, 1964). Aunque no fueron comunes en las trampas de luz, sí aparecieron en gran número criando en los tres hábitats asociados con la charca, así como en los sustratos arenosos de los márgenes del río, en la zanja y en otros cuatro hábitats (Tabla III). ...
Resumen: Se exponen los resultados parciales de múltiples campañas de muestreo llevadas a cabo tanto con trampas de luz co-mo mediante trampas de emergencia en diferentes localidades durante el periodo 2008-2012, con el objetivo de estudiar los miembros de la familia Ceratopogonidae en la Comunidad Autónoma del País Vasco. Con trampas de luz se capturaron un total de 15 géneros en asociación con explotaciones ovinas y 11 géneros en hábitats naturales, y 13 géneros emergieron de sus lugares de cría. Además del género Culicoides, la gran mayoría de los ejemplares pertenecían al género Forcipomyia, muy abundante en todos los lugares muestreados. El resto del material capturado incluye los siguientes géneros y especies: Phenology, ecology and diversity of the family Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera), excluding the genus Culicoides, in the Basque Country region (Iberian Peninsula) Abstract: The partial results from multiple sampling programs carried out with light traps as well as with emergence traps at various localities during the period 2008-2012 are presented, with the aim of studying the members of the family Ceratopogonidae in the Basque Country administrative region. A total of 15 genera were collected with light trapping in sheep farms, 11 genera in natural habitats and 13 genera from their breeding sites. Apart from the genus Culicoides, most of the specimens belonged to the genus Forcipomyia, which was very common at all the sampling sites. The remaining ceratopogonids belonged to the following taxa: Ceratoculicoides havelkai, Homohelea iberica, Kolenohelea calcarata and Serromyia femorata. New and interesting data about the breeding sites of various species are included and the existing literature is reviewed.
... The biting midges of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer, 1911 are worldwide distributed and common in various types of aquatic, semiaquatic and terrestrial habitats (Waugh & Wirth 1976). In the world fauna they are represented by ca. ...
As a result of the entomological surveys in the Near East, seventeen species of biting midges of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer are reported. Five new species are described and illustrated from adult males: D. (Dicryptoscena) antonii sp. nov., D. (Pseudoculicoides) avia sp. nov., D. (Ps.) libanensis sp. nov., D. (Ps.) nauta sp. nov. and D. (Ps.) sandrageorgei sp. nov. Among the remaining species, four are recorded for the first time from this region. Furthermore, new country records for Iran (1 sp.), Israel (2 spp.), Lebanon (9 spp.) and Yemen (1 sp.) are given. Four species described by Kieffer in 1918, namely D. distalis, D. flaviscapula, D. scutellaris and D. trifasciata, are treated as doubtful names (nomina dubia) and excluded from the Turkish fauna. In addition, an updated checklist of Dasyhelea of the Near East is presented. Dasyhelea labinoda Mazumdar & Chaudhuri, 2009 is proposed as a new junior synonym of D. deemingi Boorman & Harten, 2002. New synonymy.
... A cosmopolitan genus with approximately 440 known species, which biology reveals to be highly adapted to many aquatic and semi-aquatic environments (Waugh and Wirth 1976): from phytotelmata to puddles, pits, bryophytes, ponds and artificial environments (Ronderos et al. 2003). In the present study, D. paulistana was collected in S. auriculata corroborating Borkent and Craig (2001), who mention the presence of Dasyhelea mining leaves of Salvinia in Costa Rica. ...
Ceratopogonidae (Diptera) are easily found in both aquatic and semi-aquatic sites under various environmental conditions, where their immature stages develop in areas of nutrient richness. Material was collected from six wetland areas in Ilha da Marchantaria, Iranduba, Amazonas, between July and October 2010 and February and June 2011 throughout the Amazon River’s cycle (receding and flooding stages), in aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata. The collections produced 431 immature individuals: 191 (44.3%) in E. crassipes, 125 (29%) in P. stratiotes and 115 (26.7%) in S. auriculata. After development in the laboratory 16 species were identified belonging to the following genera: Alluaudomyia Kieffer, Bezzia Kieffer, Dasyhelea Kieffer, Forcipomyia Meigen, Heteromyia Say, Neobezzia Wirth and Ratanaworabhan, Palpomyia Meigen, Paryphoconus Enderlein and Stilobezzia Kieffer. Aquatic macrophytes are excellent substrates for immature Ceratopogonidae, which are important because of their value to the balance of biodiversity in ceratofauna in wetlands.
... The pupae of nearly all genera of Ceratopogonidae lack a medial projection near the dorsal margin of the operculum. However, a very few species in both Dasyhelea and Culicoides appear to have a similar condition, indicating that the feature is susceptible to homoplasy (Jones, 1961;Waugh and Wirth, 1976). ...
... Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied sporadically only to various regional fauna. With regard to the New World species, Waugh and Wirth (1976) diagnosed the following four groups from the Nearctic region: cincta, grisea, leptobranchia and mutabilis. Wirth and Waugh (1976) described five new species from northeastern Brazil that belong to a group that they named borgmeieri, with identical characteristics to the mutabilis group. ...
The Dasyhelea patagonica group is proposed to include seven species from Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia. Four new species, D. dellapei Díaz and Spinelli, D. fueguina Díaz and Spinelli, D. gargola Díaz and Spinelli and D. ona Díaz and Spinelli are described and illustrated based on the examination of adults through binocular compound microscope with attached camera lucida. Three previously known species, D. patagonica Ingram and Macfie, D. reynoldsi Ingram and Macfie and D. shannoni Ingram and Macfie are redescribed. Dasyhelea chilensis Ingram and Macfie is recognized as a junior synonym of D. patagonica Ingram and Macfie (new synonymy). A key to recognition of males and females of the seven species described is included.
... Another very promising Diptera taxon is biting midges, Ceratopogonidae, specifically the genus Dasyhelea. Despite being classified as "a biting midge", Dasyhelea adults do not bite and are relatively common in salt marshes, with a number of species originally described from Long Island, New York (Waugh and Wirth 1976). As nematoceran Diptera, ceratopogonids are expected to be toxicologically susceptible to both Bti and methoprene. ...
Abstract The aquatic insect fauna of salt marshes is poorly characterized, with the possible exception of biting Diptera. Aquatic insects play a vital role in salt marsh ecology, and have great potential importance as biological indicators for assessing marsh health. In addition, they may be impacted by measures to control mosquitoes such as changes to the marsh habitat, altered hydrology, or the application of pesticides. Given these concerns, the goals of this study were to conduct the first taxonomic survey of salt marsh aquatic insects on Long Island, New York, USA and to evaluate their utility for non-target pesticide impacts and environmental biomonitoring. A total of 18 species from 11 families and five orders were collected repeatedly during the five month study period. Diptera was the most diverse order with nine species from four families, followed by Coleoptera with four species from two families, Heteroptera with three species from three families, then Odonata and the hexapod Collembola with one species each. Water boatmen, Trichocorixa verticalis Fieber (Heteroptera: Corixidae) and a shore fly, Ephydra subopaca Loew (Diptera: Ephydridae), were the two most commonly encountered species. An additional six species; Anurida maritima Guérin-Méneville (Collembola: Neanuridae), Mesovelia mulsanti White (Heteroptera: Mesovelidae), Enochrus hamiltoni Horn (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), Tropisternus quadristriatus Horn (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), Dasyhelea pseudocincta Waugh and Wirth (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), and Brachydeutera argentata Walker (Diptera: Ephydridae), were found regularly. Together with the less common Erythrodiplax berenice Drury (Odonata: Libellulidae), these nine species were identified as the most suitable candidates for pesticide and environmental impact monitoring due to abundance, position in the food chain, and extended seasonal occurrence. This study represents a first step towards developing an insectbased index of biological integrity for salt marsh health assessment.
... Taxonomically, the recognition of subgenera and species groups is still incipient and generally has been applied sporadically only to various regional fauna. With regard to the New World species, Waugh and Wirth (1976) diagnosed the following four groups from the Nearctic region: cincta, grisea, leptobranchia and mutabilis. Wirth and Waugh (1976) described five new species from northeastern Brazil that belong to a group that they named borgmeieri, with identical characteristics to the mutabilis group. ...
This revision of the Dasyhelea cincta group of biting midges in Patagonia recognizes two previously described species and a new species, Dasyhelea filiductus Díaz & Spinelli, from Argentinean Patagonia. Descriptions and illustrations are provided for all species as well as the pupa of D. cincta (Coquillett). Dasyhelea albopicta Ingram & Macfie is recognized as a junior synonym of D. cincta (Coquillett) and D. mediomunda Minaya is recorded for the first time from Argentina. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
... For terminology, see DOWNES & WIRTH (1981), SAETHER (1977), WAUGH & WIRTH (1975) and WIRTH & NAVAI (1978). Term subgenital plate was used for combination of sternum 9 and genital fork. ...
The biting midges of the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer from north Afghanistan is diagnosed. A key is presented for the 12 males and 10 females species, which are described and figured, including the following 6 hew species: afghanica, bamianica, peculiopa, schumanni, seminigra, serrata and similinigrina.
Three hundred and fiftysix species of ceratopogonids in 35 genera are listed for Argentina, with most species in Forcipomyia Meigen (67 species) Culicoides Latreille (51 species), Stilobezzia Kieffer (40 species) and Dasyhelea Kieffer (37 species). For each listed species, the following information is included: sex and/or life stage described in the original description, type locality, type status and sex, depository of type material, distribution, georeferenced localities for Argentina (provinces are underlined) and main references that include the original description and those that specify locations in the country. Specific epithets of synonyms are accompanied by type locality, type status and sex, and location of type material. New localities from Argentina for 102 species are provided, and the following 16 species are newly recorded from the country: Forcipomyia (Caloforcipomyia) glauca Macfie, Forcipomyia (C.) hatoensis Utmar & Wirth, F. (Euprojoannisia) bromeliae Saunders, F. (E.) quasiingrami Macfie, F. (Forcipomyia) zonogaster Ingram & Macfie, F. (F.) catarinensis Marino & Spinelli, F. (Lasiohelea) cornuta Saunders, F. (Metaforcipomyia) osaensis Spinelli, Marino & Borkent, F. (Phytohelea) bromelicola (Lutz), F. (Trichohelea) goniognatha Wirth & Messersmith, F. (T.) leptognatha Wirth & Messersmith, Brachypogon (Brachypogon) woodruffi Spinelli & Grogan, Physohelea turgidipes Ingram & Macfie, Bezzia gibbera (Coquillett), Bezzia schmitzorum Dippolito & Spinelli and Palpomyia versicolor Macfie. Leptoconops brasiliensis (Lutz) and Clastrieromyia dycei Spinelli & Grogan are excluded from the Argentinean fauna.
Five new species of biting midges, Dasyhelea (Dasyhelea) incisura sp. nov., D. (D.) quasifulcillata sp. nov., D. (D.) trigona sp. nov., D. (Sebessia) falxa sp. nov. and D. (S.) folia sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on adult males. The new species are compared and contrasted to their congeners; important morphological characters are displayed. All specimens were collected from the Deltaic Proper of Gangetic West Bengal, India. An illustrated key to the adult males of the subgenera Dasyhelea s.str. and Sebessia from India is presented. Short accounts on ecological notes of the midges are also provided.
Stereotactic localization using multimodality of medical images (such as CT or MRI) is increasingly employed to guide neurosurgical procedures 1,2,3,5. This technique provides highly accurate intraoperative localization and allows the surgeon to resect a lesion in its entirety while sparing critical areas of the brain. Image guided interactive frameless stereotaxy has been successfully applied to intracranial surgery and spine surgery. It has demonstrated a potential for reducing both operative time and morbidity. In this paper we described our interactive image guided surgery system and the experience of appling to different kind of surgery.
. This article reviews 30 species of biting midges of the genus Dasyhelea that are known to occur in Poland. Diagnoses and detailed descriptions of adults are provided for all Polish species, as well as keys (based mainly on males) for the identification of subgenera and their included species. Dasyhelea excellentis BORKENT, 1997 is recognized as a new junior synonym of Dasyhelea bifida ZILAHI-SEBESS, 1936 ( syn. n. ) and Dasyhelea lugensis BRODSKAYA, 1995 as a new junior synonym of Dasyhelea caesia REMM, 1993 ( syn. n. ).
Among the Polish biting midge fauna, most species of the genus Dasyhelea are primarily arboreal, widely distributed Palaearctic species. The most species-rich samples were collected in the following regions: Eastern Baltic Lakelands (19 spp.), Southern Baltic Lakelands (16 spp.), Southern Baltic Coastlands (14 spp.) and Central Western Carpathians (12 spp.). The larvae were found in sap and tree holes, water accumulated in gutters and sinks, moist soil near fresh- and saltwater bodies, and peat bogs. Adults are known to visit flowers for nectar, and 16 Polish species were found on umbelliferous flowers.
We document the first records of biting midges in the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from Curaçao: Dasyhelea azteca Huerta & Grogan, D. bahamensis (Johnson), D. cincta (Coquillett), D. corinneae Gosseries, D. flavifrons (Guérin-Méneville) and D. grisea (Coquillett). The following six new species of Dasyhelea are described from this Caribbean island and their key features are presented in color photographs and illustrations: D. aliciae n. sp., D. recurva n. sp., D. latiala n. sp., D. rhopaloparamera n. sp., D. cyrtostyla n. sp., and D. curacaoensis n. sp. We also provide a key to males and females of all known species of Dasyhelea from Curaçao.
We provide descriptions, photographs and illustrations of 13 new species and new records of eight other species of biting midges in the genus Dasyhelea Kieffer from Guadeloupe. Included are the first Guadeloupe records of D. bermudae Wirth & Williams, D. caribbeana Spinelli & Wirth, D. cincta (Coquillett), D. flavifrons (Guérin-Méneville), D. grisea (Coquillett), D. griseola Wirth, D. luteogrisea Wirth & Williams and D. pseudoincisurata Waugh & Wirth. The previously unknown male of D. caribbeana is described and illustrated, and, a key is provided for the 24 species of Dasyhelea known from Guadeloupe.
Dasyhelea azteca Huerta and Grogan, new species, is described and illustrated from adults of both sexes from southwestern Morelos and Jalisco, Mexico. This new species is a member of the Dasyhelea grisea group and is compared with similar, related congeners. Dasyhelea mutabilis (Coquillett) is recorded for the first time from Mexico.
Twenty new synonyms are proposed for four species of Ceratopogonidae: Atrichopogon rostratus (Winnertz, 1852), Bezzia annulipes (Meigen, 1830), Dasyhelea flavifrons (Guérin, 1833) and Dasyhelea saxicola (Edwards, 1929). Atrichopogon transversalis Kieffer, 1918, A. ventralis Kieffer, 1918, A. homopterus Kieffer, 1919, A. coracellus Kieffer, 1919 and A. nigriventris Kieffer, 1919 are junior synonyms of Ceratopogon rostratus Winnertz, 1852. Bezzia digramma Kieffer, 1925 is junior synonym of Ceratopogon annulipes Meigen, 1830. Ceratopogon obscurus Winnertz, 1852, C. versicolor Winnertz, 1852, C. dufouri Laboulbène, 1869, C. hippocastani Mik, 1888, Dasyhelea brevitibialis Goetghebuer, 1919, D. goetghebueri Kieffer, 1919, D. lignicola Kieffer, 1919, D. sensualis Kieffer, 1919, D. paludicola Kieffer, 1925, D. oppressa Thomsen, 1935 and D. septuosa Borkent, 1997 are junior synonyms of Ceratopogon flavifrons Guérin, 1833. Dasyhelea geleiana Zilahi-Sebess, 1931, D. tecticola Remmert, 1953 and D. karelica Glukhova et Brodskaya, 1997 are junior synonyms of Tetraphora saxicola Edwards, 1929. Culicoides karajevi Dzhafarov, 1961 is treated as a junior synonym of Culicoides semimaculatus Clastrier, 1958.
This catalog of the biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of the New World north of Mexico includes 603 species and 39 genera. The full citation, province or state of the type locality and distribution by province and/or state of each species is given. The most recent revision for each genus, subgenus and species group is cited.
A new species from Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, Dasyhelea eloyi Díaz & Ronderos, is described, illustrated and photomicrograph as larva, pupa and male and female adults based on examination with binocular and scanning electron microscopes. This new species, a typical member of the Dasyhelea grisea species group, is compared with the most similar congeners D. necrophila Spinelli & Rodriguez and the Nearctic D. pseudoincinsurata Waugh & Wirth.
Two new species of the dipteran genus Dasyhelea Kieffer, viz. Dasyhelea silvatica sp.nov., Wang, Zhang and Yu and Dasyhelea arrhena sp.nov., Wang, Zhang and Yu, are described from China. The type specimens are deposited with the Medical Entomology Collection Gallery, Beijing, China. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:2D82EBD2-03B0-4A05-891B-9A548F32DA26.
DNA barcoding in Ceratopogonidae has been restricted to interpreting the medically and veterinary important members of Culicoides Latreille. Here the technique is utilised, together with morphological study, to interpret all members of the family in a select area. Limited sampling from the county of Finnmark in northernmost Norway indicated the presence of 54 species, including 14 likely new to science, 16 new to Norway, and one new to Europe. No species were previously recorded from this county. Only 93 species were known for all of Norway before this survey, indicating how poorly studied the group is. We evaluate and discuss morphological characters commonly used in identification of biting midges and relate species diagnoses to released DNA barcode data from 223 specimens forming 58 barcode clusters in our dataset. DNA barcodes and morphology were congruent for all species, except in three morphological species where highly divergent barcode clusters indicate the possible presence of cryptic species.
The pupae of species in each of the 45 genera of Ceratopogonidae known in this stage are diagnosed and described. A standard set of terms is provided, with a glossary, for all pertinent structures of the pupal stage within a context of other Culicomorpha. The variety of terms provided by previous authors are synonymized. Some pupal structures are directly related to developing adult structures and these are discussed. A key to the genera (and to the subgenera of Forcipomyia Meigen) allows for their identification. Pupation and pupal behaviour is summarized. A table of all previous descriptions of each stage of the immatures (egg, larva, pupa) is provided, showing that 13% of all validly named extant Ceratopogonidae are known as pupae. This study examined 45% of these species. All species known as fossil pupae are discussed.
A phylogenetic analysis based primarily on pupal characters confirms the relationships between the subfamilies as well as the relationships between the genera in Leptoconopinae, Forcipomyiinae and Dasyheleinae. The question of the monophyly of the Culicoidini remains unresolved. Results confirm the paraphyly of the Ceratopogonini and, for the first time, the Sphaeromiini sensu lato, which is divided into Hebetulini (new tribe), Johannsenomyiini Crampton (new status) and Sphaeromiini sensu novum. Sphaeromiini sensu novum includes Sphaeromias Curtis, Leehelea Debenham, Homohelea Kieffer and Xenohelea Kieffer and forms the sister group of the Palpomyiini. Other genera in Sphaeromiini sensu lato not known as pupae are discussed. The genus Mallochohelea Wirth is shown to be polyphyletic and one group of species is therefore recognized as members of the new genus Anebomyia (type species = Mallochohelea atripes Wirth). A number of species previously placed in Stilobezzia Kieffer are shown to belong to Schizonyxhelea Clastrier. Study of the type species of the monotypic genus Nemoromyia Liu and Yu showed it to be a member of the Palpomyia distincta species group and the generic name is therefore a new junior synonym of Palpomyia.
Examination of pupae showed that the following species were misplaced and are now in other genera as follows: Schizonyxhelea brevicostalis (Das Gupta & Wirth), 1968: 28 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea bulla (Thomsen), 1935: 289 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea caribe (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 208 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea diminuta (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 209 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea obscura (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 216 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea panamensis (Lane & Forattini), 1958: 218 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea thomsenae (Wirth), 1953: 83 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Schizonyxhelea scutata (Lane & Forattini), 1961: 92 (Stilobezzia) new combination, Pellucidomyia geari (de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 547 (Macropeza) new combination, Dibezzia prominens (Johannsen) 1932: 435 (Johannsenomyia) new combination, Nilobezzia theileri (de Meillon & Wirth, 1981:552) (Sphaeromias) new combination, Anebomyia atripes (Wirth, 1962: 281) (Mallochohelea) new combination, Anebomyia fluminea (de Meillon & Wirth), 1981: 550 (Mallochohelea) new combination, Anebomyia siricis (de Meillon), 1961: 50 (Sphaeromias) new combination, Anebomyia texensis (Wirth), 1962: 283 (Mallochohelea) new combination, Anebomyia yunnana (Yu & Zou), in Yu et al. 2005: 1503 (Mallochohelea) new combination, Bezzia goezii (Schrank), 1803: 72 (Tipula) new combination (also a nomen nudum), Palpomyia nemorosa (Liu & Yu), 1991: 26 (Nemoromyia) new combination. Bezzia xanthogaster (Kieffer), 1919: 130 (Probezzia) is a junior homonym of Probezzia xanthogaster (Kieffer), 1917: 329 (Bezzia) and is here given the new name Bezzia gilvigaster Borkent. The fossil genus Paraculicoides Pierce, 1966: 94 and its type species Paraculicoides rouseae Pierce, 1966: 94 are removed from the Ceratopogonidae and likely belong in the Psychodidae.
We present a review of distribution and new synonymy of the 63 valid species of biting midges in the genus Dasyhelea occurring in Europe. New distribution records, mostly from Ukraine and Romania, are provided. Dasyhelea alonensis (Strobl), D. mayor (Strobl), D. decoratissima (Strobl) and D. bilineata Goetghebuer are redescribed and interpreted. Seventeen NEW SYNONYMS are proposed for the following species: Dasyhelea modesta Winnertz (= D. inclusa Kieffer), D. mayor (Strobl) (= D. aperta Goetghebuer & Timon David, D. wuelkeri Mayer), D. bilobata Kieffer (= D. luteiventris Goetghebuer, D. spiralis Remm), D. bilineata Goetghebuer (= D. insignipalpis Kieffer, Tetraphora saxicola Edwards, D. geleiana Zilahi-Sebess, D. montana Zilahi-Sebess, D. lithotelmatica Strenzke, D. tecticola Remmert, Culicoides dieuzeidei Vaillant, D. karelica Glukhova & Brodskaya), D. dampfi Kieffer (= D. estonica Kieffer), D. turficola Kieffer (= D. malibui Yu), D. turanicola Remm & Nazarmukhamedov (= D. serrata Navai), D. corinneae Gosseries (= D. chonetus Yu & Zou). Dasyhelea furva Remm is removed from synonymy with D. bifida Zilahi-Sebess and D. alonensis (Strobl) removed from synonymy with D. flavoscutellata (Zetterstedt). Ceratopogon aristolochiae Rondani is transferred from the genus Dasyhelea to the genus Forcipomyia (comb. nov.) and recognized as a new senior synonym of Forcipomyia brevicubita Goetghebuer and F. pontica Remm (syn. nov.). Lectotypes are designated for Dasyhelea alonensis (Strobl), D. mayor (Strobl), D. decoratissima (Strobl) and Forcipomyia aristolochiae (Rondani). Dasyhelea longituba Kieffer, D. strigosa Kieffer, D. neobifurcata Wirth and D. paragrata Remm are excluded from the European fauna. In addition, we provide a list of 17 doubtful species (nomina dubia) described from Europe and one nomen nudum.
Angynnis Hippolyta.
Male.—Expands 2 inches.
Upper side fulvous, obscured by brown at bases of wings ; the discal area of each wing lighter than elsewhere; the black markings rather heavy; the marginal lines more or less confluent; the silver spots of second row indicated on upper side by oblong spots of a pale color.
The Dasyhelea fasciigera species group is characterized by males having a gonostylus divided nearly to its base. Five species are present in the Nearctic region: D. tristyla Wirth, D. bifida Zilahi-Sebess, D. fasciigera Kieffer, D. crassiseta n. sp., and D. pollex n. sp. Each species is described and its distribution discussed; a key for the identification of the males of the Nearctic species is provided. A lectotype is designated for D. dentiforceps Tokunaga, from Japan.
Data obtained from observations in the laboratory on the morphology and biology of immatures of Dasyhelea necrophila Spinelli & Rodriguez are provided. Eggs and larvae were collected from containers with rain water and organic matter in Gonnet, La Plata, Argentina. The C-shaped eggs were able to resist desiccations of approximately 48 hours. Hydrated eggs developed in 7–10 days and the emerging larvae (instar I) remained immobile during 30 minutes. The first molt took place inside the eggs exposed to drought periods. These eggs started to break when rehydrated and after 24 hours larvae II were born. Larva I showed positive phototropism and due to the fact that the processes of the last segment are still internal, it hardly moved. The pupa did not show any changes when placed under artifical light and remained immobile for short periods at the bottom of the glass tube. The larva in their different instars and the pupa increased mobility with the increase of temperature.
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