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New Genus
and
Species
of
Erythraeinae
(Acari: Erythraeidae) from Mississippi with
a
Key
to the
Genera
of
North American Erythraeidae
W. CALVIN WELBOURN1
AND
ORREY
P.
YOUNG2
Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 80: 230-242 (1987)
ABSTRACT
A new
genus
and
species
of
Erythraeinae (Acari: Parasitengona: Erythrae-
idae) is described from larvae parasitizing Lygus lineolaris (Palisot
de
Beauvois) (Hemiptera:
Miridae)
and
other arthropods
in
Mississippi. The active postlarval instars (deutonymph
and
adult male
and
female)
are
described from reared individuals. Bochartia shirleyanneae
McDaniel
and
Bolen
and
Erythraeus whitcombi Smiley
are
transferred
to the new
genus.
Paraphanolophus Smiley
is
transferred from
the
Smarididae
to the
Erythraeinae.
The ter-
minology
of
Grandjean
is
reapplied
to the
Erythraeidae. A
key to the
active instars
of
North
American Erythraeidae
is
provided.
KEY WORDS
new
species,
new
genus,
key,
Lygus lineolaris
THE ERYTHRAEIDAE
(Acariformes: Parasitengona:
Erythraeoidea) is a large and diverse group
of
mites
with five currently recognized subfamilies
and 40
nominate genera
and
subgenera. Four subfamilies
(Erythraeinae, Callidosomatinae, Balaustiinae,
Leptinae)
and 12
genera have been recognized
from North America. The Erythraeinae is the larg-
est subfamily, with
19
nominate genera
and sub-
genera worldwide, except Antarctica.
In
North
America
the
Erythraeinae
are
poorly known
(Southcott 1961), with only four genera recog-
nized: Augustsonella Southcott, Erythraeus
La-
treille, Erythraxus Southcott,
and
Tepozatlana
Hoffmann & Mendez. Another genus, Paraphano-
lophus Smiley, originally placed
in
the Smarididae
(Smiley 1968), should
be
transferred
to the Ery-
thraeinae. Five
of the 11
nominate genera (Calli-
dosoma Womersley, Charletonia Oudemans, Cae-
culisoma Berlese, Abrolophus Berlese,
and
Hauptrnannia Oudemans)
in the
Callidosomatin-
ae have been found
in
North America.
The Ba-
laustiinae
is
represented
in
North America
by
Ba-
laustium Heyden.
The
single cosmopolitan genus,
Leptus Latreille,
of the
Leptinae
is
widespread
in
North America.
Systematic work
on the
Erythraeidae,
and
Para-
sitengona
in
general,
has
been hindered
by the
partitioning
of
their heteromorphic life cycle into
a parasitic/dispersing larval instar
and
predatory
postlarval instars, making
it
difficult
to
identify
larval
and
postlarval instars
of the
same species
accurately. Despite
the
lack
of
systematic work
in
North America, some erythraeids have been
re-
ported attacking economically important pests
(Reinhard
1926,
Essig
&
Michelbacher
1933,
Loughton
et al.
1963, Smiley
1964,
Whitcomb
&
1 Acarology Lab., Dep.
of
Entomology, Ohio State Univ.,
Co-
lumbus,
OH
43210.
2 Southern Field Crop Insect Management Lab., ARS-USDA,
P.O.
Box 396, Stoneville, MS 38776.
Bell 1964, Struble 1972, Moser 1979, Houseweart
et
al.
1980); more frequently they
are
either
mis-
identified
or
ignored. Welbourn (1983) summa-
rized
the
current knowledge
of
erythraeid
and
other nonchigger trombidioid hosts
and
prey.
Examination
of
erythraeid larvae from Missis-
sippi parasitizing insects
and
arachnids obtained
by sweeping
or
vacuuming
the
margins
of
roads,
cotton fields,
and
woodlots revealed
a new
genus
and species
of
Erythraeinae. Rearing
of
engorged
larvae
to
deutonymph
(DN) and
adult stages
al-
lowed comparison
of
larval
and
postlarval stages
with other named Erythraeinae. A new genus,
La-
sioerythraeus,
is
erected with
L.
johnstoni
n. sp.
as
the
type, with
all
active stages described.
Bo-
chartia shirleyanneae McDaniel
and
Bolen
is
transferred
to
Lasioerythraeus, rediagnosed,
and
measurements
are
provided
for the
prodorsal
sclerite
and
legs. Erythraeus whitcombi Smiley
is
also transferred
to
Lasioerythraeus
and
redi-
agnosed.
A key to the
genera
of
North American
larval
and
postlarval Erythraeidae is provided.
See
Young
&
Welbourn (1987)
for
information
con-
cerning
the
biology
of L.
johnstoni.
Most
of the
chaetotactic terminology used
for
the Parasitengona consists
of
specialized terms
in-
vented
for a
single taxonomic group (i.e.,
Ery-
thraeidae, Hydracarina,
and
Trombiculidae).
For
the Erythraeidae, Southcott (1961) introduced
ter-
minology consisting primarily
of
terms
for the leg
chaetotaxy,
but
this has
not
been widely used
out-
side
of his own
work.
We
will
use the
general
terminology developed
by
Francois Grandjean
be-
cause
of its
much wider
use in the
Acariformes
and
the
prior application
to the
Erythraeidae
and
its sister group,
the
Smarididae (Grandjean 1947a,
b).
Table
1
presents
a
comparison
of
Southcott's
terminology
for the
legs
of the
larval instar with
the terminology used
in
this paper.
Measurements
of the
prodorsal sclerite (scutum
230
March 1987 WELBOURN & YOUNG: NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEINAE
231
Table 1. Comparison of Southcott's leg terminology with the terminology used in the current description
Structure
I. Unspecialized setae
Normal seta
11.
Specialized setae
Genu (Ge)
Solenidion (-ia)
Microseta
Tibia (Ti)
Solenidion (-ia)
Microseta
Companion seta
Tarsus (Ta)
Solenidion (-ia)
Famulus
Eupathidia
Dorsal eupathid
Subterminal eupathid
Companion seta
Companion seta of h
Notation
n
a
k
k
da
f
ft
fp
z
Reference
Robaux(1967)
Grandjean (1935)
Grandjean (1947a)
Grandjean (1935)
Grandjean (1947a)
Grandjean (1947a)
Grandjean (1935)
Grandjean (1935)
Grandjean (1947a)
Grandjean (1947a)
Grandjean (1947a)
Southcott
(1961,
1966)
Scobala (Sc)
Solenoidala (-ae) (SoGe), (Spinala)
Vestigiala (VsGe)
Solenoidala (-ae) (SoTi), (Spinala)
Vestigiala (VsTi)
Companala (CpTi)
Solenoidala (-ae) (SoTa), (Spinala)
Famulus
Spinala (Sp)
Spinatarsala (SpTa)
"Sensilla alongside pedicel"
Companala (Cp)
CpTa
of Southcott and other authors) follows the stan-
dard measurements and signatures of Robaux
(1974).
Differences in Southcott's signatures for the
setae of the prodorsal sclerite are: AM is ASens;
AA is SBa; S is PSens; and SB is SBp. The distance
between both pairs of prodorsal trichobothria (S
and AM) is recorded as ISD. The prodorsal sclerite
in the postlarval stages (referred to as "crista me-
topica" in the literature) consists of two parts: a
thick, heavily sclerotized medial ridge, usually
connecting the anterior and posterior pairs of
trichobothria, and a lateral sclerotized portion. We
will use the terms prodorsal sclerite to refer to the
lateral portion and crista metopica for the medial
ridge.
Larval diagnoses include several abbreviations
that need to be defined. First is the formula (f) for
the number of normal or barbed setae (n) on each
leg segment. For example fnBF = 4-4-3 indicates
that the basifemur (BF) has four barbed setae on
leg I, four barbed setae on leg II, and three barbed
setae on leg III. Specialized setae such as solenidia,
microsetae, eupathidia, and the famuli are not
counted in the fn. Solenidia on the legs are sum-
marized by fSol = 1(0-1-2-1), 11(0-0-2-1), 111(0-0-
1-0), where the roman numeral indicates the leg.
Because solenidia can be found only on the femur
(Fe),
genu (Ge), tibia (Ti), and tarsus (Ta) in the
Parasitengona, only those segments are indicated
in the formula. In this formula leg I has no sole-
nidia on the femur (absent in all Erythraeidae),
one solenidion (a) on the genu, two solenidia
(4>)
on the tibia, and one solenidion (co) on the tarsus.
Microsetae (k), which are found only on the genu
and tibia, are summarized by fk = 1(1-1), 11(1-0),
111(0-0). The number of eupathidia (t) on the tar-
sus is summarized by ff = 2-1-1 for legs I, II, and
III,
respectively. The palpal setal formula fPp =
0-B-B-BBB2-6Bcof is used to summarize the chae-
totaxy of the palps. The chaetotaxy of the tro-
chanter, femur, and genu is represented by the
first three elements, respectively. The setae can be
nude (N), barbed (B), or absent (0). The palpal
tibia (fourth element in the formula) has three
barbed setae (BBB) and a two-pronged palpal tib-
ial claw (2). The palpal tarsus (the last element)
has six barbed setae (6B), one solenidia (o>), and
one eupathid (f). All measurements are in microm-
eters.
Length of the idiosoma was measured from
the anterior tip of the prodorsal sclerite to the pos-
terior end of the idiosoma. Leg lengths were mea-
sured from the basal end of the trochanter (Tr) to
the base of the pretarsal claws. The IP is the sum
of the leg lengths.
Lasioerythraeus Welbourn & Young, n. gen.
Type-species: Lasioerythraeus johnstoni Wel-
bourn & Young, n. sp.
Larval Lasioerythraeus. fnTr = 1-1-1; fnBF =
4-4-3;
fnTF (telofemur) = 5-5-5; fnGe = 8-8-8;
fnTi =
15-15-15;
fSol = 1(0-1-2-1), 11(0-0-2-1), 111(0-
0-1-0); fk = 1(1-1), 11(1-0), 111(0-0); fr=
2-2-1;
fPp =
0-B-B-BBB2-6Botf; paired claws on all legs with
numerous branching setules, but without distal
hook; empodium on all legs clawlike; dorsal eu-
pathid (fh) on tarsus legs I and II each with a
companion seta (z); 0 tibia leg I without compan-
ion seta; all barbed setae on legs setiform; eyes 2/2;
palpal tibial claw with 2 tines and may also have
3-5 basal setules.
Postlarval Lasioerythraeus (DN and Adult).
Measurements are given as range for the adults
with range of DN in parentheses. Idiosoma
1,090-
1,743 (692-1,133) (im long, 867-1,162 (521-982)
nm wide; prodorsal sclerite well developed be-
tween the prodorsal trichobothria; anterior end of
prodorsal sclerite with 7-10 long setae (3-4 in DN)
and a pair of trichobothria; between the anterior
and posterior trichobothria are 2 pairs of long
truncate setae (LI and L2), 1-3 pairs of interme-
232
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICAVol. 80, no. 2
diate-length setae near the posterior pair of trich-
obothria, and 16-24 scattered short, acute setae
(DN with 2 pairs of long truncate setae and 1-2
pairs of shorter setae); 1 pair of eyes on each side
of the prodorsal sclerite, each pair set on an ocular
sclerite with pair of long truncate setae; dorsal
idiosomal setae of 2 distinct types, scattered long
and truncate and the more numerous short and
acute setae. One supracoxal seta above coxal field
leg I and 2 supracoxal setae on anteriodorsal sur-
face of coxal field leg II. Genital valves with a total
of 50-60 setae in female, male with 20-24 setae
and 2-3 in DN; anal valves with 12-20 setae in
adults and 12 in DN. Gnathosoma: chelicerae sty-
letlike and retractable. Anterior end of gnatho-
soma with fringe and 8-16 ventral and lateral se-
tae.
Palp with 5 segments (Tr, Fe, Ge, Ti, and Ta).
Palpal trochanter with 8-12 barbed setae (3-6 in
DN).
Palpal genu with 26-38 barbed setae (9-12
in DN), approximately midway along dorsal sur-
face a single very long seta 104-125 Mm (71-87
/an in DN); palpal tibia with 9-13 setae (7-11 in
DN) and 3 ventral conelike spines (2 in DN), spines
sometimes with small serrations; palpal tarsus with
5-12
o>
and 11-17 eupathidia (5-7 in DN) and 4-
6 branched setae (2 in DN). Legs: femora on all
legs divided (basifemur and telofemur). All legs
with 2 types of normal setae; 1 type short and nude
or with few barbs, and the other type long with
numerous short barbs. Short setae are more nu-
merous with long setae widely scattered but usu-
ally more numerous at the distal end of leg seg-
ments. Setae on ventral side of tarsus on all legs
with numerous barbs. Trochanter, basifemur, and
telofemur on all legs without solenidia. Microseta
k present on distal end of genu legs I, II, and tibia
leg I. Leg I 2,267-2,618 (1,532-1,568 DN) Mm; leg
II
1,501-1,908
(1,050-1,123 DN)
Mm;
leg III
1,699-
2,169 (1,252-1,346 DN) urn- leg IV 2,534-3,161
(1,949-2,006 DN) Mm.
Distribution. The three species discussed in this
paper were found in Mississippi, Texas, and Ar-
kansas. In addition, several unnamed taxa were
found in collections of larval and postlarval Ery-
thraeinae from six states (Arizona, Florida, Idaho,
Iowa, Maryland, and Nebraska), Brazil, Mexico,
and Haiti, indicating a widespread distribution of
the genus in North and South America.
Lasioerythraeus johnstoni
Welbourn & Young, n. sp.
Holotype larva from MISSISSIPPI, Washington
Co.,
ex lst-instar nymphal Lygus lineolaris (He-
miptera: Miridae), 30-VIII-1984, AL-3205. Eigh-
teen larval paratypes collected in 1984 from MIS-
SISSIPPI, Washington Co.: 1 from a lst-instar L.
lineolaris, AL-3205; 3 (1 each) from 3 lst-instar
nymphal Holcostethus sp. (Hemiptera: Pentatom-
idae),
AL-3206; 1 from a 1st- or 2nd-instar nymph-
al Holcostethus sp.,
AL-3201;
1 from an adult
whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), AL-3204; 12 (1
each) from 12 nymphal Cicadellidae (Homop-
tera),
AL-3208. Seven reared postlarval paratypes
from MISSISSIPPI, Washington Co., AL-3209: 1
female reared from larva attached to nymphal L.
lineolaris; 1 male reared from larva attached to
nymphal L. lineolaris; 4 DN (1 each) reared from
larva attached to nymphal L. lineolaris; 1 DN
reared from larva attached to nymphal cicadellid.
Larva. Measurements are of holotype with range
of larval paratypes in parentheses. Idiosoma (Fig.
1 A and F). Engorged 580 (470-642)
Mm
long, 323
(265-415)
Mm
wide; 1 pair of eyes set in an ocular
sclerite on each side of prodorsum, anterior eye 19
(15-22) Mm, posterior eye 17 (14-18) Mm, distance
between eyes 10 (11-17) Mm. Dorsum hypertri-
chous with 44 (43-45) idiosomal setae (includes
setae posterior to ih cupule); dorsal setae long, 53-
65 Mm anteriorly and 61-66 Mm posteriorly, with
setules (Fig. ID); cupules ia, im, ip, and ih present;
supracoxal seta (el) 4. One pair (la) of barbed
intercoxal setae between coxal field leg I, 52 fim,
and 1 pair (3a) between coxal field leg III, 60 Mm;
seta lb on coxal field leg I, 79 Mm; coxal field of
legs II and HI each with 1 seta (2b and 3b), 46
and 49 Mm, respectively; 4 pairs of setae anterior
to ih cupule. Prodorsal sclerite (Fig. IB): with nu-
merous small punctations over entire surface,
without striations, anterior margin concave with
lateral shoulders, widest at level of PL setae; AM
setae trichobothrial, second pair of trichobothria
(S) near posterior margin; AL > S > PL > AM;
both pairs of prodorsal trichobothria flagellate, with
setules. Standard measurements of the prodorsal
sclerite of holotype with mean, range of 18 larval
paratypes in parentheses: AM 63 (61, 54-65) Mm;
AA 14 (13, 11-16)
Mm;
AW 67 (65, 60-68)
Mm;
AL
87 (84, 76-90) Mm; PW 95 (88, 81-95) Mm; PL 67
(67,
60-73) Mm; AP 41 (36, 33-41) Mm; SB 20 (16,
14-19) Mm; S 76 (75, 67-84) Mm; PSB 6 (7, 6-8)
Mm; ASB 99 (93, 88-99) Mm; SD 105 (99, 94-105)
Mm;
ISD 77 (75, 71-80) nm; W 139 (131, 118-139)
Mm; PW/SD 0.92 (0.89, 0.81-0.94). Gnathosoma
(Fig. 1 A, C, E, and F): palpal setal formula fPp =
0-B-B-BBB2-6Batf; palpal tibial claw 2 pronged
with 2-5 small setules (not always visible); palpal
tarsus with a> and one eupathid; 2 pairs of nude
adoral setae (or), distal pair (orl) 24 Mm, proximal
pair (or2) 6 Mm; subcapitular setae (scl) barbed,
35 Mm; palpal supracoxal seta (e) 5 Mm; cheliceral
blade small (15
Mm
long, 12
Mm
wide), curved with
a single tooth. Distal end of subcapitulum with
fringe. Legs (Fig. 2): all legs with seven segments
(Tr, BF, TF, Ge, Ti, Ta, Pt) beyond the coxal field;
pretarsus (Pt) legs I—III with clawlike empodium;
paired claws with numerous branching setules, but
without terminal hook (Fig. 2G). Measurements of
the holotype with mean, range, and number of
larval paratypes measured in parentheses. Posi-
tions of specialized setae are given as a ratio of the
segment length from the proximal end of the seg-
ment. All specialized setae are on the dorsal sur-
face of the segment unless otherwise noted. IP 2,106
March
1987 WELBOURN & YOUNG: NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEINAE233
Fig. 1. Larval L. johnstoni n. gen. and sp. (A) Dorsal idiosoma. (B) Prodorsal sclerite. (C) Palpal tibia and
tarsus (ventral view). (D) Dorsal idiosomal setae. (E) Palpal trochanter, femur, genu, and tibia. (F) Ventral idiosoma.
Adoral setae, orl and or2; subcapitular setae, scl; supracoxal setae, e and el; cupules, ia, im, ip, and ih; anteromedial
setae, AM; anterolateral setae, AL; posterolateral setae, PL; eupathid, f; solenidion,
w;
intercoxal setae, ia and 3a;
coxal field setae, lb, 2a, and 3b. Scale bars = 100 ^m (A, B, E, and F) and 50 ^m (C and D).
Mm (2,069 Mm,
1,934-2,187
Mm, 18). Leg I (Fig. 2
A and D) 683 Mm (677 Mm, 631-715 Mm, 18); coxal
field with 1 branched seta (IB); trochanter IB;
basifemur 4B; telofemur 5B; genu 8B, a 34 Mm (30
Mm, 27-36 Mm, 18) at 0.62 (0.57, 0.55-0.59, 18);
microseta (k) 10 Mm (12 Mm, 10-15 Mm, 18) at 0.93
(0.92,
0.88-0.94, 18); tibia 15B, 2
<f>
28 Mm (26 Mm,
18-30 Mm, 18) and 23 Mm (24 Mm, 20-27 Mm, 18)
at 0.81
(0.81,
0.78-0.82, 18) and 0.90 (0.90, 0.87-
0.92, 18), respectively; microseta (k) 10 Mm (11
Mm, 9-13 Mm, 16) at 0.95 (0.94, 0.91-0.96, 17);
tarsus 26B,
a>
20 Mm (19 Mm, 17-21 Mm, 16) at 0.46
234ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICAVol. 80, no. 2
Fig. 2. Larval L. johnstoni n. gen. and sp. (A) Leg I (trochanter-tibia). (B) Leg II (trochanter-tibia). (C) Leg
III (trochanter-tibia). (D) Tarsus leg I. (E) Tarsus leg II. (F) Tarsus leg III. (G) Pretarsal claws and empodium.
Solenidia, a,
(f>,
and
o>;
famulus, e; microseta, k; dorsal eupathid, fh; ventral eupathid, fp; companion seta to dorsal
eupathid, z. Scale bars = 100
Mm
(A-F) and 50 ^m (G).
(0.45,
0.39-0.47, 17) famulus (c) 4 fim (4 nm, 2-5
Mm, 11) at 0.55 (0.52, 0.48-0.55, 14), dorsal eu-
pathid (fh) 28 Mm (27 /on, 20-30 Mm, 18) at 0.84
(0.85,
0.82-0.91) with a companion seta (z) (7 Mm)
and an associated nude seta (18 Mm), subterminal
eupathid (fp) 19
Mm
(18
Mm,
15-21 Mm, 15) at 0.90
(0.89,
0.83-0.91, 16). Leg II (Fig. 2 B and E): 605
Mm (593 Mm, 554-632 Mm, 18); coxal field IB; tro-
chanter IB; basifemur 4B; telofemur 5B; genu 8B,
k 11 Mm (10
Mm,
9-12 Mm, 18) at 0.91 (0.90, 0.83-
0.94, 18); tibia 15B, 2
<f>
23 nm (22 Mm, 17-25 Mm,
18) and 15
Mm
(12
Mm,
10-15
Mm,
17) at 0.12
(0.11,
0.10-0.14, 18) and 0.86
(0.85,
0.83-0.88, 18), re-
spectively; tarsus 23B,
co
17
Mm
(14
Mm,
12-18 Mm,
16) at 0.44 (0.44, 0.40-0.50, 16), e at 0.42 (0.42,
0.38-0.50, 11), fh 29 Mm (28 Mm, 24-32 Mm, 17)
at 0.86
(0.83,
0.79-0.90, 18) with companion seta
(6 Mm) and an associated nude (or nearly nude)
normal seta, fp 17 Mm (17 Mm, 14-19 Mm, 16) at
0.90 (0.88, 0.85-0.92, 16). Leg III (Fig. 2 C and
F):
819 Mm (799 Mm, 749-848 Mm, 18); coxal field
IB;
trochanter IB; basifemur 3B; telofemur 5B;
genu 8B; tibia 15B, with 1 0 27 Mm (22 Mm, 20-
27
Mm,
18) at 0.05
(0.05,
0.04-0.07, 18); tarsus 22B,
fp 14 Mm (16 Mm, 14-18 Mm, 17) at 0.91
(0.91,
0.89-0.92, 17).
Deutonymph. Measurements are the mean of 5
reared deutonymphs (paratypes) with range in pa-
March 1987 WELBOURN & YOUNG: NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEINAE235
I
Fig. 3. Deutonymphal L. johnstoni n. gen. and sp. (A) Dorsal idiosoma. (B) Prodorsal sclerite. (C) Eyes. (D)
Dorsal idiosomal setae. (E) Palp. Cupules, ia, im, and ip. Scale bars = 200
Mm
(A), 100 fim (B and E), and 50 fim
(C and D).
Fig. 4. Adult L. johnstoni n. gen. and sp. (A) Prodorsal sclerite (female). (B) Ventral palpal tibia and tarsus
(female). (C) Dorsal palpal tibia and tarsus (female). (D) Dorsal setae (female). (E) Leg I of female (excluding
trochanter). (F) Leg II of female (excluding trochanter). (G) Leg III of female (excluding trochanter). (H) Leg IV
of female (excluding trochanter). (I) Prodorsal sclerite (male). Scale bars = 100 fim (A-C and I), 50 (im (D), and
500 nm (E-H).
236
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA Vol. 80, no. 2
March 1987 WELBOURN & YOUNG: NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEINAE
237
rentheses. Idiosoma ovoid 717 (692-752) Mm long
by 560 (521-621) Mm wide (Fig. 3A). One pair of
eyes set on an ocular sclerite 77 (71-85) nm long
and 55 (51-58) nm wide with 1 pair of long trun-
cate setae 77-87 (71-94) ^m (Fig. 3C). Dorsal se-
tae of 2 distinct types (Fig. 3D): long, thick, and
truncate 74-96 (55-108) fim, and short and acute
35-43 (30-49) jam; majority of setae short. Anal
valve with 6 pairs of setae. Genital valve with 1
pair of setae (occasionally with an extra unpaired
seta).
Gnathosoma: anterior end of gnathosoma
with fringe and 8-10 ventral and lateral setae. Pal-
pal trochanter with 3-6 setae, palpal femur with
19-28 setae; palpal genu with 9-12 setae, 1 dorsal
seta very long 81 (71-87) Mm; palpal tibia with 6
barbed setae and 2 ventrally projecting conelike
spines; palpal tibial claw entire; palpal tarsus with
2 branched setae, 7-8 co, 10 eupathidia (Fig. 3E).
Prodorsal sclerite (Fig. 3B): 293 (271-306) urn long
by 80-87 (74-98) nm wide; anterior end with 4
(occasionally 3) long setae 152 (128-174) nm and
a pair of filiform trichobothria 115 (107-128) nm;
posterior end of prodorsal sclerite with a second
pair of filiform trichobothria 140 (138-151) /un;
crista metopica connecting the 2 pairs of tricho-
bothria and extending slightly posterior to the pos-
terior pair; 2 pairs of long truncate setae (LI, L2)
115 (108-124) urn and 2-3 short setae 62 (56-66)
Mm
between the trichobothria. ISD 230 (207-254)
Mm. Legs: all legs with 2 types of normal setae, 1
type short (37-70 Mm) and nude or with few se-
tules,
and the other type long (56-125 Mm) with
numerous short barbs. IP
5,783
Mm- Leg I 1,532
(1,523-1,548) Mm; leg II 1,050 (963-1,090) Mm; leg
III 1,252 (1,143-1,293) Mm; leg IV 1,949 (1,768-
2,022)
Mm.
Genu: leg I with 1 a in middorsal area,
leg II-IV each with 1 basal a (occasionally absent).
Tibia: leg I with 18-22
(f>
distributed along dorsal
surface with majority on distal
half,
leg II with 5-
6
4>
on basal half of segment, leg III and IV with
2-3 basal 0. Tarsus: leg I with 26-33 to and fam-
ulus on dorsal surface, leg II with 4
co
and famulus,
leg III with 2 co, leg IV without co.
Adult Female. Measurements are of a single
reared female paratype. Idiosoma ovoid, 1,272
Mm
long by 995 Mm wide. One pair of eyes set on an
ocular sclerite (100
Mm
long by 69 Mm wide), with
a pair of long truncate setae 120 Mm- Dorsal setae
of 2 distinct types (Fig. 4D): long, thick, and trun-
cate 87-101 Mm, and short and pointed 38-45 Mm;
majority of setae short. Anal valves with a total of
20 setae. Genital valves with 51 setae. Prodorsal
sclerite (Fig. 4A): 486 Mm long by 115-118 Mm
wide; anterior end with 7 long setae; 2 pairs 152
Mm, 1 pair 210 Mm, 1 median seta 220 Mm, and a
pair of filiform trichobothria 150
Mm;
posterior end
of prodorsal sclerite with another pair of filiform
trichobothria 169
Mm;
between the 2 pairs of trich-
obothria are 2 pairs of long truncate setae (LI, L2)
147-160 Mm, 3 pairs of medium-length setae (84
Mm) and 16 short setae (52-64 Mm). Gnathosoma:
anterior end of gnathosoma with fringe and 12
ventral and lateral setae. Palpal trochanter with
8-12 setae; palpal femur with 46-55 setae; palpal
genu with 26 setae, 1 dorsal seta very long, 111
Mm; palpal tibia with 11 setae and 3 ventrally pro-
jecting conelike spines; palpal tibial claw entire;
palpal tarsus with 6 branched setae, 10 co, 11 eu-
pathidia (Fig. 4 E and F). Legs (Fig. 4 E-H): all
legs with 2 types of normal setae, 1 type short (37-
72
Mm)
and nude or with few setules, and the other
long (58-142 Mm) with numerous short barbs. IP
8,831 Mm. Leg I 2,356
Mm;
leg II 1,660
Mm;
leg HI
1,963 Mm; leg IV 2,852 Mm. Genu: leg I with 2 a
in middorsal region, leg II with 1-2 basal <r, legs
III and IV each with 2-3 basal a. Tibia: leg I with
42
c6
distributed along dorsal surface with most on
distal
half,
leg II with 8-11 </> on basal half of
segment, leg III and IV with 5-7 basal 0. Tarsus:
leg I with 79
co
and famulus on dorsal surface, leg
II 8-9
co
and a famulus, leg HI 5-7 co, leg IV 2 co.
Adult Male. Measurements are of a single reared
male paratype. Idiosoma ovoid, 1,090
Mm
long by
867 Mm wide. One pair of eyes set on an ocular
sclerite (105
Mm
long by 80 Mm wide), with a pair
of long truncate setae 76-89 Mm. Dorsal setae of
two distinct types: long and truncate (64-107 Mm),
and short and pointed (37-41 Mm); majority of
setae short. Anal valves with 68 setae on outer por-
tion and row of 24 setae on inner edge. Genital
valves with 25 setae. Prodorsal sclerite: 424 nm
long by 95-124
Mm
wide; anterior end with 9 long
setae, 2 pairs 89-93 Mm, 2 pairs 150-193 Mm, a
median seta 190 nm, and a pair of filiform trich-
obothria (130 Mm); between the trichobothria are
2 pairs of long truncate setae (LI, L2) 134-146
Mm, 2 pairs of medium setae (78
Mm),
and 22 short
setae (55-62 Mm). Gnathosoma: anterior end of
gnathosoma with fringe and 16 ventral and lateral
setae. Palpal trochanter with 8-12 setae; palpal
femur with 46 setae; palpal genu with 26 setae, 1
very long dorsal seta 103 Mm; palpal tibia with 11
setae and 3 ventrally projecting spines; palpal tib-
ial claw entire; palpal tarsus with 5 branched setae,
5
co,
15 eupathidia. Legs: same as female except as
noted. IP 7,914 Mm. Leg I 2,180 Mm; leg II 1,501
Mm; leg HI 1,699
Mm;
leg IV 2,534 Mm. Genu: legs
I and II each with 1 a in middorsal area, legs
III and IV each with 2 basal a. Tibia: leg I with
54
<j>
distributed along dorsal surface with most on
distal
half,
leg II with 7-10 0 on basal half of
segment, leg III and IV with 6 basal
(f>.
Tarsus: leg
I with 58
co
on dorsal surface, leg II with 8 co, leg
III with 3-4 co, leg IV with 1 co.
Distribution of Types. The holotype, 3 larval
paratypes, paratype male, paratype female, and 2
paratype DN to be deposited in the National Mu-
seum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.; 2 lar-
val paratypes and 1 paratype DN in the Field
Museum of Natural History, Chicago; 2 larval
paratypes and 1 paratype DN in the Canadian
National Collection, Ottawa; 2 larval paratypes and
1 paratype DN in the British Museum (Natural
History), London; 2 larval paratypes in the Mu-
238
Table 2. Comparison
Prodorsal sclerite"
ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
AMERICAVol.
of chaetotaxy of postlarval instars of two species of Lasioerythraeus n. gen.
DN
No.
setae at anterior end 4
No.
medium setae
Palpal femur
(n)
Palpal tibiafc
(n)
Palpal tarsus
Tarsus leg I
Anal valves
0
19-20
8
7-8
6
26-33
12-14
L.
johnstoni
M
8-9
4
43
14
5
15
58
18-20
F
7
6
46-55
14
10
11
79
20-24
L.
DN
3
0
22
9
7-9
5
26-28
12
whitcombi
M
6(7)
2
68-69
13-15
10-12
11-14
73
14
80,
no. 2
F
5-9
2
54-82
15-16
10
17
86-94
16-20
0 Excluding trichobothria.
b Including the large ventral spines (two in DN and three in adults).
seum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; and 2
paratypes and 1 paratype DN in the South Aus-
tralia Museum, Adelaide. The remaining larval
paratypes and paratype DN will remain in the
Acarology Laboratory Collection, The Ohio State
University, Columbus.
Etymology. The generic name was derived from
the combination of lasios (Gr.), meaning hairy, and
erythros (Gr.), meaning red (Brown 1956), based
on the animal's hypertrichous idiosoma and color
in life. The specific epithet honors Donald E. John-
ston of the Acarology Laboratory, The Ohio State
University, for his numerous contributions to acar-
ology.
Lasioerythraeus shirleyanneae
(McDaniel & Bolen, 1981), n. comb.
Bochartia shirleyanneae McDaniel
&
Bolen, 1981,
Proc.
Entomol. Soc. Wash. 83:
40-43.
Type lo-
cality: Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Refuge,
10
miles N Sinton, San Patricio
Co.,
TEXAS, USA;
2-II-1978 (B. McDaniel and Eric G. Bolen);
known only from holotype deposited in National
Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C.
Diagnosis. Larval Lasioerythraeus; prodorsal
sclerite with larger and less numerous punctations
than L. johnstoni; anterior edge of prodorsal scler-
ite not clear but appears to be linear. With striated
cuticle between eyes. Holotype unengorged, 395
Mm
long by 212 nm wide. Standard measurements
of holotype as follows: AM 55 ^m, AA 12
yum,
AW
58 Mm, AL 78 Mm, PW 84 (im, PL 65 urn, AP 36
Mm, SB 14 Mm, S 67 Mm, PSB 9 Mm, ASB 89 Mm,
SD 98 Mm, ISD 73 Mm, W 115 Mm, PW/SD 0.86.
Legs:
due to the poor condition of the holotype,
especially the legs, it was not possible to get ac-
curate counts of setae on the tarsus or make all
measurements. IP 1,903 Mm. Leg I 646 Mm; coxal
field
2B,
trochanter IB; basifemur 4B; telofemur
5B;
genu 8B, a 21 Mm at 0.54, k 11 Mm at 0.92;
tibia 15B, 2 0 22 Mm and 18
Mm
at 0.80 and 0.87,
respectively, k not visible; tarsus ?B, u> 15 Mm at
0.45,
e 4 Mm at 0.59, fh 23 Mm at 0.88 with com-
panion seta and modified setae anterior, fp 16
Mm
at 0.91. Leg II 549 Mm; coxal field IB; trochanter
IB;
basifemur 4B; telofemur 5B; genu 8B, k 9
Mm
at 0.92; tibia 15B, 2 0 11
Mm
and 9
Mm
at 0.12 and
0.87, respectively; tarsus approximately 22B, a> 9
Mm at 0.46, e at 0.40, fh 23 Mm at 0.83 with com-
panion seta and modified seta anteriorly, fp 15
Mm
at 0.90. Leg III 708
Mm;
coxal field IB; trochanter
IB;
basifemur 3B; telofemur 5B; genu 8B; tibia
15B,
0 12 Mm at 0.06; tarsus approximately 20B,
fp 14 Mm.
Notes.
McDaniel & Bolen (1981) stated that the
paraxial claw on each leg possessed a "terminal
ventrally directed hook.
"
In examining the holo-
type we failed to detect this structure.
Lasioerythraeus whitcombi
(Smiley, 1964), n. comb.
Erythraeus whitcombi Smiley, 1964, Proc. Ento-
mol. Soc. Wash. 66: 110; Smiley, 1966, Proc.
Entomol. Soc. Wash. 68: 25-28. Type: holotype
and 7 paratypes from cotton in Con way Co.,
ARKANSAS, 26-VII-1963 (W. H. Whitcomb).
Examination and remounting of the type series
showed the holotype and 3 paratypes to be adult
females, 3 paratypes to be adult males, and 1
paratype a DN.
Diagnosis. Postlarval Lasioerythraeus. Mea-
surements are the range of the adults in the type
series with differences in the DN noted. Idiosoma
ovoid
1,352-1,429
Mm
long by 927-1,260
Mm
wide
(DN 1,133 by 982 Mm). Dorsal setae of 2 types:
long and thick (50-111 Mm) and short and pointed
(30-51 Mm); majority of setae short. Anal valves
with a total of 16-20 setae in females, 14 setae in
males,
and 12 in the DN. Genital valves with a
total of 58-60 in the females, 73-81 setae on outer
edge and a row of 21-22 in inner edge of males,
and 2 in the DN. Prodorsal sclerite 405-578 Mm
March 1987 WELBOURN & YOUNG: NEW GENUS AND SPECIES OF ERYTHRAEINAE
239
long by 108-134 pm wide; anterior end with 6-8
long setae 116-230 ^rn (DN with 3 long setae 146-
158 nm) and a pair of filiform trichobothria 142-
151 nm (109 /xm in DN); posterior end of prodorsal
sclerite with another pair of filiform trichobothria
161-188 Mm (181 urn in DN); between the trich-
obothria on the sclerotized area are 2 pairs of long
setae 140-172 /xm (123-134 urn in DN), 15-24
short setae 34-68 iim (absent in DN) and a pair of
medium-length setae 71-106 /xm (61-66 /xm in
DN).
ISD 355-464 /*m (225 /xm in DN). Gnatho-
soma: anterior end of gnathosoma with fringe and
10-18 ventral and lateral setae. Palpal femur with
62-82 setae; palpal genu with 25-37 setae, 1 dorsal
seta midway, long genu very long (104-125 Mm);
palpal tibia with 10-13 setae and 3 ventral cone-
like spines (2 in DN); palpal tibial claw entire
without teeth; palpal tarsus with 4-6 branched se-
tae,
10-12 w, 11-17 eupathidia. Legs: all legs with
2 types of normal setae, 1 type short (29-79 Mm)
and nude or with few setules and the other long
(50-136
Mm)
with numerous short barbs. IP 8,156-
9,856 Mm. Leg I 2,207-2,618 Mm; leg II
1,540-
1,908 Mm; leg III
1,796-2,169
Mm; leg IV 2,613-
3,161 Mm. Genu: leg I with 1-2 a in middorsal; II,
III,
and IV each with 2-3 (occasionally 4) basal a
(DN with single basal a on all legs). Tibia: leg I
with 55-75 0 (23-26 in DN) distributed along dor-
sal surface with most on distal
half,
leg II with 11-
15
<f>
(5-6 in DN) on basal half of segment, leg III
and IV with 8-10 basal
<f>
(3 in DN). Tarsus: leg I
with 73-94
a>
(26-28 in DN) and famulus on dorsal
surface, leg II with 9-11
OJ
(5 in DN) and famulus,
leg III with 6-7 w (2 in DN), leg IV with 2-3 a>
(none in DN).
Discussion
Larval L. johnstoni differs from L. shirleyan-
neae in the presence of an ocular sclerite sur-
rounding the eyes, distal # leg II nearly twice as
long,
</>
leg III nearly twice as long, a leg I one-
third longer, and a wider prodorsal sclerite with
numerous small punctations. In addition, AM, AL,
and
S
are usually longer in L. johnstoni, with mea-
surements of L. shirleyanneae only in the lower
range for L. johnstoni.
The postlarval stages of L. johnstoni and L.
tvhitcombi are very similar and can be difficult to
distinguish. Table 2 summarizes the important dif-
ferences between the postlarval stages of both
species. The DN of L. johnstoni can be distin-
guished from L. whitcombi by the presence of two
pairs of setae (excluding trichobothria) at the an-
terior end of the prodorsal sclerite, whereas L.
whitcombi has only one pair and a median seta.
Male L. johnstoni can be distinguished from the
male L. whitcombi by the eight to nine setae at
the anterior end of the prodorsal sclerite (exclud-
ing trichobothria), fewer setae on the palpa femur,
and only five co on the palpal tarsus. In addition,
the male L. johnstoni has four medium-length se-
tae between the L2 setae and the posterior trich-
obothria, whereas L. whitcombi has only two such
setae.
The females of both species are more difficult
to separate, with L. johnstoni usually possessing
fewer setae on palpal femur, fewer a; on tarsus leg
I, and more setae on the anal valves. The only
character that appears to be consistent in distin-
guishing the females of both species is the number
of medium-length setae between the L2 setae and
the posterior trichobothria, with three pairs on L.
johnstoni and only one pair on L. whitcombi.
The relationship of Lasioerythraeus to other
North American Erythraeinae will remain uncer-
tain until the other three genera (Erythraxus, Au-
gustsonella, and Tepozatlana), for which only
postlarval instars are known, are reared. Beron
(1982) suggested Bochartia Oudemans was a syn-
onym of Erythraeus based on his work in Bulgaria.
Welbourn (unpublished data) confirmed this syn-
onymy based on rearings from Europe and the
United States. Comparison of larval characters of
Lasioerythraeus with those of Erythraeus and
Paraphanolophus indicated that Lasioerythraeus
shared three characters with Paraphanolophus not
found on Erythraeus: four normal setae on basi-
femur legs I and II, absence of companion setae
with 0 on tibia leg I, and absence of distal hook
on pretarsal claws.
The following key to the Erythraeidae of North
America is based on genera from Canada, the
United States, and Mexico. Four genera, Caeculi-
soma Berlese, Erythraxus, Augustsonella, and Te-
pozatlana, are known only from the postlarval in-
stars and one genus, Hauptmannia Oudemans, is
known only from the larval instar. Although it is
likely that additional North American genera re-
main to be discovered, this key considers all the
common genera and should aid in the recognition
of new genera.
Because of their small size (especially larvae),
specimens should be mounted, dorsal side up, on
microscope slides for use with this key (see Krantz
[1978] for details on mounting media, clearing
agents, and mounting techniques). To see the im-
portant postlarval characters on the palps and pro-
dorsal sclerite clearly, it is necessary to remove the
gnathosoma and separate one palp from the
gnathosoma. The gnathosoma can be easily re-
moved from cleared specimens by first placing the
mite ventral side up in a drop of mounting me-
dium. Using a pair of very fine dissecting needles,
one needle is used to hold the mite and the other
is inserted at the base of the gnathosoma and pulled
away from the idiosoma. Using a similar proce-
dure,
one palp can be separated from the gnatho-
soma. After dissection the mite should be turned
dorsal side up, gnathosoma and loose palp ar-
ranged near the idiosoma, and a cover slip applied.
240ANNALS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICAVol. 80, no. 2
B
Fig. 5. (A) Erythraeus sp. (larva) pretarsal claws and empodium. (B) Erythraeus sp. (larva) tibia leg I. (C)
Paraphanolophus metcalfei Smiley, 1968 setae on leg I. (D) Erythraeus sp. (adult) palpal tibia and tarsus (dorsal).
(E) Palpal tibial claw of Balaustium sp. (F) Dorsal view of Balaustium sp. (adult); A, eye; B, urnula. Solenidion,
<t>;
microseta, k; ventral eupathid, fp; companion seta to
<f>,
ad. Scale bars = 50
Mm
(A-F).
Key to the Genera of
North American Erythraeidae
1.
Deutonymph or adult 10
Larva 2
2(1).
Two eyes on each side of prodorsum (Fig.
1A) Subfamily Erythraeinae ... 3
One eye on each side of prodorsum ... 5
3(2).
Basifemur legs I and II each with 4 setae
(Fig. 2 A and B); pretarsal claws on
legs I—III without distinct distal claw-
like hook (Fig. 2G);
<f>
on tibia leg I
without companion seta (Fig. 2A) .. 4
Basifemur legs I and II each with 3 (oc-
casionally 2) setae; 1 pretarsal claw on 5(2).
legs I—III with distinct distal clawlike
hook (Fig. 5A); distal $ on tibia leg I
with companion seta (ad) (Fig. 5B);
hosts:
Homoptera
Erythraeus Latreille, 1806
4(3).
Dorsal idiosoma neotrichous (>80 se-
tae);
distance between AL and PL se-
tal bases (AP) less than the distance 6(5).
between base of AL setae and anterior
edge of prodorsal sclerite; palpal tib-
ial claw entire or bifurcate, without
barbs on inner surface; usually with
some setae on legs with large flat dor-
sal setules (Fig. 5C); hosts: Homoptera
Paraphanolophus Smiley, 1968
Idiosoma with <50 dorsal setae; AP dis-
tance more than the distance between
base of AL setae and anterior edge of
prodorsal sclerite; palpal tibial claw
2-tined, may also have 3-5 small barbs
on inner surface (Fig. IE); setae on
legs setiform, not modified; hosts: He-
miptera, Homoptera
Lasioerythraeus n. gen.
Coxal fields of legs II and III each with
2 setae; genu legs II and III each with
11-12 barbed setae
.... Subfamily Callidosomatinae . . .
(in part) 6
Coxal fields of legs II and III each with
1 seta; genu legs II and III each with
<11 barbed setae (usually 9) 7
One pretarsal claw on legs I—III with
distinct clawlike hook; 1 pair of inter-
coxal setae between coxal fields legs
March 1987 WELBOURN & YOUNG:
NEW
GENUS AND SPECIES
OF
ERYTHRAEINAE
241
III;
prodorsal sclerite usually longer
than wide; hosts: primarily Lepidop-
tera
but
also Diptera, Homoptera,
and
Orthoptera
Callidosoma Womersley,
1934
Pretarsal claws
on
legs I—III without
clawlike hook;
2
pairs
of
intercoxal se-
tae between coxal fields legs
III; pro-
dorsal sclerite usually wider than long;
hosts:
primarily Orthoptera
but
also
Diptera, Homoptera,
and
Lepidop-
tera Charletonia Oudemans,
1910
12(11).
(=Sphaerolophus Berlese,
1910)
7(5).
Trochanter legs
I and II
each with
2-3
setae; palpal femur with
1-2
setae;
palpal genu with
2-3
setae; prodorsal
sclerite rectangular
or
nearly circular, 13(12).
usually longer than wide; cheliceral
base short with width
of
distal half
nearly equal
to
basal width (not flask-
like)
8
Trochanter legs
I and II
each with
1
seta; palpal femur
and
genu each with
1 seta; prodorsal sclerite triangular,
usually wider than long; cheliceral
base elongate distally with distal half
less than one half width
of
basal width
(flasklike); hosts:
a
wide variety
of ar-
thropods Subfamily Leptinae 14(11).
.
. .
Leptus Latreille,
1796
8(7).
Palpal genu with
3
setae; palpal tibial
claw without
a
prominent tooth
on in-
ner surface; trochanter
leg I
with
2
setae; palpal femur with
2
setae; genu
legs
II and III
each with
1;
spinose 15(14).
seta
at or
near base
of
palpal tibial
claw Subfamily Callidosomatinae
(in part)
... 9
Palpal genu with
2
setae; palpal tibial
claw with
a
prominent tooth
on
inner
surface (Fig. 5E); trochanter leg
I
with
3 setae; palpal femur with 1 seta; genu
legs
II and III
without; without
spi-
16(10).
nose seta
at
base
of
palpal tibial claw;
larvae predaceous
on
mites
and in-
sects,
also feed
on
pollen
Subfamily Balaustiinae
. . .
Balaustium Heyden,
1826
9(8).
Palpal tibial claw entire; palpal tarsus
with
at
least
1
comblike seta; palpal
femur with nonsetiferous spine
or
hook; host: unknown
Hauptmannia Oudemans,
1910
Palpal tibial claw distally bifurcate; pal- 17(16).
pal tarsus without comblike setae; pal-
pal femur without hooklike projec-
tion; hosts: Thysanoptera
Abrolophus Berlese,
1891
10(1).
Two eyes
on
each side
of
prodorsum
.
Subfamily Erythraeinae
... 11
One
eye on
each side
of
prodorsum
. 16
11(10).
Palpal tibia with
a
single
row of 2-12
ventral conelike
or
spinelike setae,
some genera with
1-5
conelike
or
spinelike setae
on
distoventral
end of
palpal genu
12
Numerous scattered peglike
or
conelike
setae
on
palpal tibia
and
genu; habi-
tat: sand dune areas along
the
coast of
California; sandy areas
in
desert
re-
gions
of the
southwestern United
States
and
Mexico
Augustsonella Southcott,
1961
Palpal tibia with
2-5
ventral conelike
setae, usually serrate (Fig. 4C and 5D)13
Palpal tibia with
row of 8-12
long
ven-
tral spines (without serrations)
.... 14
Prodorsal sclerite wider than crista
me-
topica
(Fig. 4 A and I);
palpal tibia
with
2-3
ventral conelike setae which
may
be
serrate (Fig.
3E and
4C);
pal-
pal genu without distoventral spines
Lasioerythraeus
n. gen.
Prodorsal sclerite
not
wider than crista
metopica; palpal tibia with
at
least
5
ventral serrate conelike setae
(Fig.
5D);
palpal genu usually with disto-
ventral spines
Erythraeus Latreille,
1806
Dorsal idiosomal setae
of
similar shape
and type
but may be of 2
distinct
lengths, without long basal setules
.. 15
Idiosomal setae
of 2
distinct types; short
setae with long basal setules
Erythraxus Southcott,
1961
Idiosomal setae
of 2
distinct sizes,
but
similar
in
shape; legs usually with
modified setae (Fig.
5C)
Paraphanolophus Smiley,
1968
Idiosomal setae
of
similar size and shape;
leg setae
not as
above
Tepozatlana
Hoffmann & Mendez,
1973
Palpal tibial claw with prominent tooth
on inner surface (Fig. 5E); dorsum
of
idiosoma with
1
pair
of
urnulae,
usu-
ally placed posterolaterally
to
eyes
(Fig.
5F)
Subfamily Balaustiinae
.
. .
Balaustium Heyden,
1826
Palpal tibial claw entire, without prom-
inent tooth
on
inner surface; dorsum
of idiosoma without pitlike structures
(urnulae)
17
Idiosomal setae heavily setulate, setae
usually black
in
life; idiosoma
may
have patches
of
white setae; palpal
tarsus equal
to or
slightly longer than
palpal tibial claw; eyes usually ante-
rior
to
middle
of
prodorsal sclerite
Subfamily Leptinae
.
. .
Leptus Latreille,
1796
Idiosomal setae
not as
above,
may be
242ANNALS
OF THE
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY
OF
AMERICA
Vol. 80, no. 2
nude,
bladelike, expanded or have a
few setules; palpal tarsus not as above,
either linear or greatly enlarged; eyes
usually behind middle of prodorsal
sclerite
....
Subfamily Callidosomatinae ... 18
18(17).
Palp strongly raptorial, palpal tibial claw
well developed; tibia legs I-IV with-
out tubercles 19
Palp linear or nearly so, palpal tibial
claw reduced; tubercles present on
distal portion of tibia legs I-IV
Caeculisoma Berlese, 1888
19(18).
Palpal tarsus enlarged, and either glob-
ular or pyriform, extending beyond
palpal tibial claw; setae on palpal fe-
mur approximately same length,
without an obvious long seta; palpal
trochanter with 1-2 setae at least twice
as long as other setae 20
Palpal tarsus not as above; palpal femur
with at least 1 ventral seta twice as
long as other setae; all setae on palpal
trochanter approximately same length,
without longer setae
Abrolophus Oudemans, 1910
20(19).
Palpal tarsus nearly cylindrical, width
at middle equal to or slightly more
than base (less than
1.3-fold
basal
width);
prodorsal sclerite only as wide
as the crista metopica; idiosomal setae
bladelike usually without setules ...
Callidosoma Womersley, 1936
Palpal tarsus globular, width at middle
much wider than base (more than 1.6-
fold basal width); prodorsal sclerite
wider than crista metopica; idiosomal
setae setiform with few setules
Charletonia Oudemans, 1910
(=Sphaerolophus Oudemans, 1910)
Acknowledgment
We appreciate the technical assistance provided by
T. C. Lockley and the manuscript review provided by
D.
E. Johnston, A. E. Treat, J. C. Moser, W. A. Bruce,
E. W. Baker, and B. M. OConnor. We thank R. Smiley
(USDA)
for the loan of
B.
shirleyanneae,
and
D.
L. Tuttle
(Univ. of Arizona), R. E. Beer (Univ. of Kansas), and J.
B.
Kethley (Field Museum of Natural History) for the
loan of undetermined Erythraeidae used to establish the
distribution
of
Lasioerythraeus.
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