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Guidelines For Designing Web Navigation
Abstract and Figures
As Web sites grow larger and more complex, the challenge of designing effective user navigation increases. We offer designers (as well as those evaluating existing Web sites) a set of 12 guidelines encompassing that attempt to cover the most important and broadly relevant navigation issues. These guidelines are grouped under four topics: (1) Designing an effective link, (2) Managing large numbers of links, (3) Providing orientation information, and (4) Augmenting link-to-link navigation. With each guideline there is an example and a synthesis of the most relevant and compelling research, theory, and expert opinion. These guidelines apply to what can be broadly termed informational Web sites rather than sites for game-players, art sites, and sites intended for whimsy and fun.
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... One of the main objectives here is the analysis of connection structure algorithms thus, different algorithms are analyzed in order to accomplish it. The algorithms are Page Rank [13], hypertext-induced topic search (HITS), weighted Page Rank [12] and other variations of Page Rank as shown in table 1 of section 5. This objective also includes the performance analysis of various types of classification algorithms (manual, based on assumptions). ...
... One of the main objectives here is the analysis of connection structure algorithms thus, different algorithms are analyzed in order to accomplish it. The algorithms are Page Rank [13], hypertext-induced topic search (HITS), weighted Page Rank [12] and other variations of Page Rank as shown in table 1 of section 5. This objective also includes the performance analysis of various types of classification algorithms (manual, based on assumptions). ...
This research paper focuses on the current hot topic web pattern analysis which is also useful in digital marketing (Search Engine Optimization (SEO), Social Media Optimization (SMO). It also covers the webometrics algorithm analysis and other ways used to analyze the web pattern using hyper linking structure. A number of ways have also been survey like hyperlinking structure analysis and like image compression/size formatting, minifying scripting of webpage, combining different types of scripts to reduce hyperlinking load. A comparative study between Page Rank, Weighted Pagerank and HITS is also done in order to give an in depth insight to the factors affecting the same. Ultimately, the objective to find out an efficient way to optimize the web pattern analysis process to improve its overall reach. An algorithm has also been proposed for analyzing web pattern using hyperlinking structure. any kind of information within the billions of pages that make up the web, can be tracked down and used. Nowadays almost every search engine faces the increasingly difficult challenge of collecting, storing, processing, retrieving and distributing web data for users with different purposes, needs and search backgrounds. While conventional algorithmic search engines have been very successful in processing web searches with relatively simple keywords, recently due to the emergence of new user groups and user requirements there is a great deal of interest in new generation internal search that requires the development of new web search applications [1]. The two predominant paradigms for finding information on the Web are navigation and search [2]. Most web users often use a web browser to navigate a website. They start with the homepage or a webpage found through a search engine or linked from another website, and then follow the hyperlinks they consider relevant on the homepage and subsequent pages, until they find the desired information on one or more pages. They can also use the search functions provided on the website to speed up the search for information. For a website that consists of a large number of web pages and hyperlinks between them, these methods are not enough for users to find the desired information effectively and efficiently. The two predominant paradigms for finding information on the Web are navigation and search [2],
... Choosing appropriate learning content and a website interface design are crucial for developing an effective educational website [15]. Specifically, three design factors should be considered when developing a high-quality educational website: (i) an education-oriented aspect including effective use of multimedia learning principles and appropriate incorporation of learning material with underlying pedagogical principles; (ii) a user-oriented aspect consisting of website usability, navigation and accessibility; and (iii) a multimedia-oriented aspect incorporating the usage of appealing fonts, typography, texture, colour, graphics, audio and videos [16][17][18][19]. Furthermore, Cook and Dupras (2004) proposed practical steps for developing an effective educational website for HPE [13]. ...
Background
Flipped classroom pedagogy is a blended learning approach applied in undergraduate health professions education. However, teachers and students may require training to effectively engage in flipped classroom pedagogy. Thus, this study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a web-based tool for fostering flipped classroom pedagogy in undergraduate health professions education.
Methods
This is an educational design-based research with a descriptive evaluation component which was conducted in two steps: (i) design & development and (ii) evaluation of an educational website. An expert panel was formed to evaluate the website by using a website evaluation questionnaire (WEQ). Descriptive statistics were employed to calculate the experts’ agreement level.
Results
An innovative website design was used to provide access to a range of digital devices. The development process occurred concurrently in two steps: (i) website development and (ii) learning content development. The educational website was branded as the Flipped Classroom Navigator (FCN). Based on WEQ scores, the FCN obtained a good level of agreement (≥ 80%) for its’ ease of use, hyperlinks, structure, relevance, comprehension, completeness, and layout.
Conclusions
The FCN is an effective method for providing training to promote flipped classroom pedagogy in health professions education. The FCN achieved good evaluation scores and comments from experts. However, it is also necessary to obtain acceptance from the end-users, which could be the focus of future research. Nonetheless, the expert panel pinpointed areas for further development before introducing the FCN to end-users.
... We observed that almost half of participants under the condition interactivity "high" actually used the interaction options, although participants were not explicitly instructed to use them, so it can reasonably be inferred that their use was mainly voluntary. It is critical, however, that these options are named appropriately, indicating clearly their destinations (as stated by [20] guidelines), to increase the probability of their use, as evidenced by the lack of use of the option to read reviews excerpts in the text condition (Fig. 3e). ...
User reviews have become an important source for recommending and explaining products or services. Particularly, providing explanations based on user reviews may improve users' perception of a recommender system (RS). However, little is known about how review-based explanations can be effectively and efficiently presented to users of RS. We investigate the potential of interactive explanations in review-based RS in the domain of hotels, and propose an explanation scheme inspired by dialog models and formal argument structures. Additionally, we also address the combined effect of interactivity and different presentation styles (i.e. using only text, a bar chart or a table), as well as the influence that different user characteristics might have on users' perception of the system and its explanations. To such effect, we implemented a review-based RS using a matrix factorization explanatory method, and conducted a user study. Our results show that providing more interactive explanations in review-based RS has a significant positive influence on the perception of explanation quality, effectiveness and trust in the system by users, and that user characteristics such as rational decision-making style and social awareness also have a significant influence on this perception.
... Web navigability is a formal property that usually describes the ease with which a user moves through an "informational website"; therefore both the concept of navigability and the "guidelines for designing web navigation" for designing, managing, and augmenting effective link (Farkas and Farkas, 2000) applied to data visualization, and its diffusion in a communication channel, can be understood and assumed in similar terms. The navigability of data visualization can be conceptually examined along three dimensions: clarity of target, clarity of structure, and logic of structure (Wojdynski and Kalyanaraman, 2015). ...
This article consists of a conceptual analysis—from the perspective of communication sciences—of the relevant aspects that should be considered during operational steps in data visualization. The analysis is performed taking as a reference the components that integrate the communication framework theory—the message, the form, the encoder, the context, the channel, and the decoder—which correspond to six elements in the context of data visualization: content, graphic representation, encoding setup, graphic design and approach, media, and user. The study is focused accordingly on the dimensions that these elements describe: the degrees of abstraction of the information, the functionalities of the tool for the graphical representation, the specifications for the setup of the visualization, the approach modes to the context by the graphic design, the levels of communication efficiency in the media, and the requirements of the visualization perceived as values from the user experience side. The unfolding of these dimensions is undertaken following a common pattern of six organizational layers of complexity—basic, extended, synthetic, dynamic, interactive, and integrative—according to the analytical criteria. The results of the detailed study, based on an extensive scientific literature review, allow the design of a dimensional taxonomy of data visualization built on a matrix structure where these elements act as factors of completeness and the layers act as factors of complexity. As a conclusion, an object-centered model constituted by an ordered series of phases and achievements is proposed as a guide to complete a systematic process of data visualization.
... According to Gommans et al. (2001), 'A website has to be designed for a targeted customer segment… ' Chau et al. (2000) argue the modes of information presented on the Internet, and the quality of graphics has a significant impact on user experience. Research in design suggests various guidelines for effective Web navigation (Childers et al., 2001;Farkas & Farkas, 2000), criteria for optimal Web design (Bernard, 2002;Egger 2001), and how aesthetics and usability might be linked (Tractinsky, 1997). ...
Anytime anywhere services offered through mobile commerce hold great potential to serve customers in wireless environments. However, there is limited understanding of how mobile Web site design is perceived by diverse users. This chapter explores how users who differ by culture, age, and gender perceive the design of a mobile device and their subsequent level of satisfaction with the device. Sixty subjects were tested in a controlled laboratory experiment on an Internet enabled phone. The results of a quantitative analysis were statistically inconclusive in terms of cultural and gender differences, but significant differences were found between older and younger users. However, an in-depth qualitative analysis of interview transcripts revealed some interesting differences among cultural, gender and age groups. Consistent with findings in the stationary Internet domain, design elements were found to impact satisfaction with mobile services.
23 (2013 ﺹ ﺹ [50-33] ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﻜﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻤﻊ ﺩ. ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻁ ﺫﻨﻭﻥ ﻴﻭﻨﺱ ﺒﺎﺴل * ﺤﺴﻴﻥ ﻓﺎﻀل ﻁﻼل ** ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﺍﻹ ﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﻓﻲ ﻨﺘﺭﻨﺕ. ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻱ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﺃ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﹰ ﻭﻻ ﻟ ﻠﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﻴﺏ ﺴﺠل ﻟﻤﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﻜﻭﻓﻴﺔ ﺜﻡ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻨﺎﻗﺵ ﻜﺒﺱ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﻭﻋﻨﻘﺩﺘﻬﺎ ، ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﺜﻡ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻤﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺘﻨﺒﺅ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺭﻜﻭﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻠﺔ. ﺃﻤﺎ ﺍﻟ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﻨﺏ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺭﻭﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻅﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﻭﺍﻨﺏ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺘﻁﺒﻴﻕ ﻓﻴﺘﻀﻤﻥ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺙ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻭﺼل ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻴﺏ ﺭﻭﺍﺒﻁ ﻭ ﺇﺠﺭ ﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻭﺼﻠﺔ ﺘﻨﺒﺅ. ﻜﻤﺎ ﺭﻴﺕ ﺃﺠ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﻔﻭﻓﺔ ﻜﺒﺱ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﻹﺒﺭﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺘﺠﺭﺒﺔ. Abstract This paper deals with the issue of link prediction in the analysis of Internet networks. In the theoretical side of this research the Markovian modeling of web log files is displayed and then the issue of compression and clustering of transition probability matrix is discussed. Then the problem of the use of the Markovian model in the link prediction is displayed. The practical side of this research includes the application of certain aspects of the theory discussed in the present research on the web links at the University of Mosul and the link prediction of them. Also a practical experiment is made to highlight the importance of compression of transition matrix.
User reviews have become an important source for recommending and explaining products or services. Particularly, providing explanations based on user reviews may improve users’ perception of a recommender system (RS). However, little is known about how review-based explanations can be effectively and efficiently presented to users of RS. We investigate the potential of interactive explanations in review-based RS in the domain of hotels, and propose an explanation scheme inspired by dialogue models and formal argument structures. Additionally, we also address the combined effect of interactivity and different presentation styles (i.e. using only text, a bar chart or a table), as well as the influence that different user characteristics might have on users’ perception of the system and its explanations. To such effect, we implemented a review-based RS using a matrix factorization explanatory method, and conducted a user study. Our results show that providing more interactive explanations in review-based RS has a significant positive influence on the perception of explanation quality, effectiveness and trust in the system by users, and that user characteristics such as rational decision-making style and social awareness also have a significant influence on this perception.
The meta-analysis compared and synthesized the results of 23 experimental studies on hypertext. The analysis was based on 56 pairs of effect sizes and significance levels of the impact of users, tasks, and tools on interactions with hypertext. This analysis focused on three factors that prevailingly influence the use of hypertext: the cognitive styles and spatial ability of users; the complexity of tasks; and the structure of information organization and the visualization of the structure. The meta-analysis found that this group of experimental studies reported significantly discrepant findings, indicating that substantial differences exist among individual experiments. Individual differences in cognition did not yield enough evidence to conclude that the effect sizes are significantly apart from zero. The meta-analysis showed that the overall performance of hy pertext users tended to be more effective than that of nonhypertext users, but the differences in efficiency measures were consistently in favor of nonhypertext users. Users benefited more from hypertext tools for open tasks. Overall, the complexity of tasks has the largest combined effect sizes. Graphical maps that visualize the organization of hypertext have significant impact on the usefulness of a hypertext system. This meta-analysis raised two issues concerned with the present hypertext literature: (a) the absence of a taxonomy of tasks for analyzing and comparing hypertext usability across studies, and (b) the weaknesses of the connections between abstract hypertext reference models and specific hypertext systems. These weaknesses may considerably undermine the significance of individual findings on hypertext usability. Results of the meta-analysis suggest that the discrepancies among empirical findings are related to these weaknesses. Future work on hypertext usability should emphasize task taxonomies along with longitudinal and ethnographic studies for a deep understanding of the interactions between users and hypertext. Recommended research issues for the future are highlighted in Section 5.
Within large sites, Web users are often unaware when they have moved to a different site. Two experiments are reported that examine Web site dimensions influencing judgments a visitor makes regarding site identity. In experiment 1, users were asked which dimensions they used to make site identity judgments. These dimensions include: logos, navigation, page layout, background, type style, topic, heading, and graphics. In experiment 2, regression analyses were used to identify which dimensions were used the most effectively. Differences were noted for experienced versus inexperienced users and for Web pages that were on the same site versus different site.
A major function performed on computer systems today is the retrieval of information. Videotex is such a system, providing access to large databases containing information of interest to the general public. While many computer systems provide a menu-page index (also known as a hierarchical tree index) for retrieving information, until recently there has been little empirical evidence available either on how efficient such indexes are when used by inexperienced, untrained users or on how to improve such indexes. A series of six experiments are presented which address these issues in the context of a videotex system with databases containing 900-1500 items of information. In five of the experiments, naive users were required to search for information using menu-page indexes. In the remaining experiment, videotex experts judged a number of menu pages on the basis of subjective preference. The results of these experiments indicate that menu-page indexes can be problematic for naive users. Among the general conclusions were (a) menu indexes should be tested empirically for ease of use prior to presentation to the general public, (b) menus can be significantly improved in terms of ease of use through detection and correction of design faults, (c) menus can be improved by the addition of descriptors, and (d) untrained videotex users are very consistent in their perceptions of good and poor index structures whereas there appears to be no agreement at all among experts. The present results are germane to the use of menu indexes on computer systems in general.