Article

Diuretic Effect of Compounds from Hibiscus sabdariffa by Modulation of the Aldosterone Activity

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Abstract

Recent studies of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. have demonstrated that it presents diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects. However, the mechanism that induces these effects has not yet been elucidated. The aim of this study was to explore the possible mechanism of action for the diuretic effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract and its fractions. The aqueous extract from this plant and the fractions obtained with solvents of different polarities were administered to adrenalectomized rats, and the diuretic effect was measured in the presence of deoxycorticosterone acetate (aldosterone analog). The effect on renal filtration was also evaluated in an in situ kidney model, and finally, the effect of diuretic active extracts on gene expression of the alpha subunit from the transporter (αENaC) of renal epithelial cell was quantified. The subsequent results were obtained: The aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa presented the following chemical composition, 32.4 mg/g delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside, 11.5 mg/g cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside, 11.5 mg/g quercetin, and chlorogenic acid 2.7 mg/g. The concentration of anthocyanins was diminished until disappearance due to decrease of the polarity of the solvents used in the extraction process, in contrast to the flavonoids and chlorogenic acid, which had their concentration increased. The diuretic effect caused by adrenalectomy in rats was reversed by deoxycorticosterone acetate activity. However, the effect of deoxycorticosterone acetate was antagonized by spironolactone, the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, and the acetonitrile : methanol 5 : 5 mixture extract, administered orally. A similar effect was observed on renal filtration obtained from the isolated kidney model. When the gene expression levels of αENaC was measured in adrenalectomized rats, it was observed that spironolactone, the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa, the acetonitrile : methanol 5 : 5 mixture, as well as the acetonitrile extract significantly decreased the expression of this protein. The conclusion of this work is that the diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa are due in part to the modulation of aldosterone activity by the presence in the extract of this plant of compounds potentially responsible for this modulation, as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid.

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... It is popularly called Rosella, Mesta, Krajeab, Zobo, and Sorrel in Australia, India, Thailand, Nigeria, and Latin America, respectively (1). Water decoction from dried HS calyx is usually consumed as a beverage drink (4) and used in folk medicine for the management of diseases such as hypertension, liver disorders (5), pyrexia (1,5), dyslipidemia, diabetes (6), high blood pressure, liver diseases, ulcers, abscesses, and anemia (1). The fleshy calyces of HS are consumed as vegetables (7) and used in making jellies, wine, cakes, syrup, and colorants (8). ...
... Various phytochemicals such as organic acids (16) phenolic acids (6), flavones and anthocyanin flavonoids (5), essential oils (18), fatty acids (7), and polysaccharides (4) have been detected in extracts from HS. Major organic acids identified in HS include hydroxycitric acids, hibiscus acid, and its derivatives (16,17,19,20). The predominant phenolic acids in extracts from HS include protocatechuic acid (PCA) (21), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7), chlorogenic acid (6), neochlorogenic acid, methyl digallate, methyl chlorogenate, coumaroilquinic acid, dihyroferulic acid 4-o-glucoronide, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, and ethyl chlorogenate, etc. (19). ...
... Various phytochemicals such as organic acids (16) phenolic acids (6), flavones and anthocyanin flavonoids (5), essential oils (18), fatty acids (7), and polysaccharides (4) have been detected in extracts from HS. Major organic acids identified in HS include hydroxycitric acids, hibiscus acid, and its derivatives (16,17,19,20). The predominant phenolic acids in extracts from HS include protocatechuic acid (PCA) (21), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7), chlorogenic acid (6), neochlorogenic acid, methyl digallate, methyl chlorogenate, coumaroilquinic acid, dihyroferulic acid 4-o-glucoronide, 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid, and ethyl chlorogenate, etc. (19). The aglycones, O, and 3-substituted derivatives of quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, Gossypetin, and methyl epigallocatechin have also been identified from extracts of HS (7,19,20). ...
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Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx (HS) water decoction extract is a commonly consumed beverage with various pharmacological properties. This systematic review examines the possible effect of HS intake on immune mediators. The Scopus and PUBMED databases were searched for all human and animal studies that investigated the effect of HS administration on immune related biomarkers. For each of the immune biomarkers, the mean, standard deviation and number of subjects were extracted for both the HS treated and untreated group. These values were used in the computation of standardized mean difference (SMD). Statistical analysis and forest plot were done with R statistical software (version 3.6.1). Twenty seven (27) studies met the eligibility criteria. Twenty two (22) of the studies were used for the meta-analysis which included a total of 1211 subjects. The meta-analysis showed that HS administration significantly lowered the levels of TNF-α (n=10; pooled SMD: -1.55; 95% CI: -2.43, -0.67; P < 0.01), IL-6 (n=11; pooled SMD:-1.09; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.40; P < 0.01), IL-1β (n=7; pooled SMD:-0.62; 95% CI: -1.25, 0.00; P = 0.05), Edema formation (n=4; pooled SMD: -2.29; 95% CI: -4.47, -0.11; P = 0.04), Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein -1 (n=4; pooled SMD: -1.17; 95% CI: -1.78, -0.57; P < 0.01) and Angiotensin converting enzyme cascade (n=6; pooled SMD: -0.91; 95% CI: -1.57, -0.25; P < 0.01). The levels of IL-10 (n=4; pooled SMD: -0.38; 95% CI: -1.67, 0.91; P = 0.56), Interleukin 8 (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.12; 95% CI: -0.76, 0.51; P = 0.71), iNOS (n=2; pooled SMD:-0.69; 95% CI: -1.60, 0.23 P = 0.14) and C- Reactive Protein (n=4; pooled SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.36; P = 0.75), were not significantly changed by HS administration. Some of the results had high statistical heterogeneity. HS may be promising in the management of disorders involving hyperactive immune system or chronic inflammation.
... Rosella's calyx contains various chemicals such as protein (1.45%), carbohydrates (5.86%), fiber, pectin (3.19%), calcium (0.108%), phosphorus (0.052%), iron (0.021%), sodium, potassium, reducing sugars (0.82%), sucrose (0.29%), antioxidants (alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols, coumarins, saponins, glycosides, and anthraquinones), ascorbic acid, and anthocyanins [21,22]. In Mexico and Ghana, rosella is also popular as an herbal medicine for MS: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine as antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia, anticholesterolemia, and antihypertensive [23][24][25]. ...
... Our findings regarding the potential of rosella as herbal medicines for antihypertension is supported by the theory regarding the mechanism of action of rosella in controlling blood pressure. Rosella is working in regulating cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, thereby reducing blood pressure and antihypertensive activity [23]. Rosella works as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase, calcium channel modulation, and vasorelaxant effect [23,26]. ...
... Rosella is working in regulating cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, thereby reducing blood pressure and antihypertensive activity [23]. Rosella works as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase, calcium channel modulation, and vasorelaxant effect [23,26]. We found that rosella increases NO secretion. ...
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Objective: Rosella is a safe medicinal herb used by people in Indonesia. They believe that rosella is effective in controlling metabolic syndrome, working with antihypertension, antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia and antiobesity effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of rosella in controlling metabolic syndrome through the secretion of blood nitric oxide (NO) and the cortisol pathway. Methods: This study was a quasiexperimental, pretest-posttest with control group design. The total subjects were 18 people, women, and the elderly. Subjects were selected randomly into 2 groups: control group (n = 8) and treatment group (n = 8). The treatment was rosella tea, a dose of 2 grams, duration 2 times a day, given in the morning (08.00-8.30 a.m.) and evening (06.30-7.00 p.m.) after meals for 21 days. Examination of NO and cortisol levels was carried out using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: There was a significant decrease in bodyweight (BW) (p = 0.021), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p = 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.049), glucose preprandial (FPG) (p = 0.014), total cholesterol (CT) (p = 0.001), triglycerides (TGs) (p = 0.014), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (p = 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (p = 0.010) after consuming rosella. NO levels were significantly increased (p = 0.012), whereas cortisol levels decreased significantly (p = 0.008) after therapy with rosella tea in elderly women. Conclusion: Rosella has shown evidence to control and lower blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, and cortisol in the elderly with metabolic syndrome. Rosella is a traditional medicine that has the potential to be developed as a therapy for metabolic syndrome patients.
... All the studies interpreting in this review had agreed that hibiscus had antihypertensive effect but each author concluded that there is a different mechanism of action that hibiscus exert this may be due to the different objectives of how hibiscus exert it's antihypertensive properties in each study such as in 10 properties such as ascorbic acid that inhibit the lipoprotein oxidation that will protect the heart on long term use from elevated blood pressure 29 , 16 but further investigation about this effect need to be conduct. ...
... Has diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects. this study conducted on adrenalectomized rats and the diuretic effect of the plant was measured in the presence of deoxycorticosterone acetate (aldosterone analog)10 . Aldesterone is steroid hormone produces from the adrenal gland caused conservation of sodium, excretion of potassium and increased water retension therefore increasing blood pressure. ...
... The authors conclusion stated that the diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects of Hibiscus Sabdariffa are due in part to the modulation of aldosterone activity by the presence of compounds in the plant that are potentially responsible for this modulation, as anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid. The dose was not identified in this experiment10 . By conducted metabolic assay using graded doses (5 mg/kg -160 mg/kg) in albino rats as experimental group and compared it with frusemide 3 mg/kg, mannitol 200 mg/kg, hydrochlorothiazide 10 mg/kg, and spironolactone 3 mg/kg in the control group. ...
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Hypertension is a global health problem with significant magnitude of morbidity and mortality, in recent years, most of the developing countries such as Sudan depend largely on the herbal remedies which are used for the treatment of hypertension such as: Hibiscus Sabdariffa. In folk medicine it is used for variety aspects such as: wound dressing, bronchitis and diabetes. The extract of this plant exerts its antihypertensive activity by at least three major specific mechanisms of action: diuretic, vasodilator and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor).The object of the work was to to discuss and evaluate the effectiveness of Hibiscus Sabdariffa as antihypertensive agent. In vitro, H. sabdariffa (HS) act as a vasodilator via relaxed the pre-contracted endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded aortic rings. In man and laboratory animals, aqueous extraction of HS significantly reduced BP in essential hypertensive man, and the calyx extract reduced BP in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. It's also significantly reduced BP in normal rats and anesthetized cats. In addition, there are an evidence reports that the regular use of (HS) can protected the body from the cardiovascular disorder by lowering: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides in the majority of normolipidemic, hyperlipidemic and diabetic animal models. All the studies had agreed that Hibiscus Sabdariffa can significantly reduce the blood pressure, but all the problems that reported later on in the discussion that have founded on the conducted articles need further evaluation of this herbal remedy to be approved as an effective antihypertensive agent.
... Rosella's calyx contains various chemicals such as protein (1.45%), carbohydrates (5.86%), fiber, pectin (3.19%), calcium (0.108%), phosphorus (0.052%), iron (0.021%), sodium, potassium, reducing sugars (0.82%), sucrose (0.29%), antioxidants (alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols, coumarins, saponins, glycosides, and anthraquinones), ascorbic acid, and anthocyanins [21,22]. In Mexico and Ghana, rosella is also popular as an herbal medicine for MS: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine as antidiabetic, antidyslipidemia, anticholesterolemia, and antihypertensive [23][24][25]. ...
... Our findings regarding the potential of rosella as herbal medicines for antihypertension is supported by the theory regarding the mechanism of action of rosella in controlling blood pressure. Rosella is working in regulating cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, thereby reducing blood pressure and antihypertensive activity [23]. Rosella works as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase, calcium channel modulation, and vasorelaxant effect [23,26]. ...
... Rosella is working in regulating cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, thereby reducing blood pressure and antihypertensive activity [23]. Rosella works as an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and inhibits α-glucosidase and α-amylase, calcium channel modulation, and vasorelaxant effect [23,26]. We found that rosella increases NO secretion. ...
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Objectives: To analyze the effect of celery leaf extract on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels in elderly pre-diabetics. Methods: This study was conducted between March and November 2014 at the Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with a control group was conducted with elderly pre-diabetic volunteers. The subjects included 16 elderly pre-diabetics older than 60 (6 males and 10 females). The subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: a control group (placebo-treated) and a treatment group (celery-treated). The treatment consisted of celery leaf extract capsules at the dose of 250 mg, 3 times per day (morning, afternoon and evening), 30 minutes before a meal, for 12 days. Data analysis was performed using the t-test (p less than 0.05). Results: There was a significant decrease in pre-prandial plasma glucose levels (p=0.01) and post-prandial plasma glucose levels (p=0.00), but no significant increase in plasma insulin levels (p=0.15) after celery leaf treatment in elderly pre-diabetics. Conclusion: Celery was effective at reducing blood glucose levels, but there was a lack of association between blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels in elderly pre-diabetics.
... Effects of hibiscus on other markers of blood pressure regulation were observed, such as higher potassium retention and sodium excretion rates in rodents receiving hibiscus (Mohan et al., 2011). Some animal studies noted that hibiscus extracts demonstrated diuretic, natriuretic and potassium-sparing actions Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012), which may be due, in part, to plant compounds modulating aldosterone activity (Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012). Furthermore, H. sabdariffa suppressed cardiac hypertrophy, reduced oxidative stress and attenuated cardiac function among rats with myocardial infarction-induced hypertension (Si et al., 2019). ...
... Effects of hibiscus on other markers of blood pressure regulation were observed, such as higher potassium retention and sodium excretion rates in rodents receiving hibiscus (Mohan et al., 2011). Some animal studies noted that hibiscus extracts demonstrated diuretic, natriuretic and potassium-sparing actions Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012), which may be due, in part, to plant compounds modulating aldosterone activity (Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012). Furthermore, H. sabdariffa suppressed cardiac hypertrophy, reduced oxidative stress and attenuated cardiac function among rats with myocardial infarction-induced hypertension (Si et al., 2019). ...
Article
Ethnopharmacological relevance Hibiscus species (Family: Malvaceae) have long been used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of maladies such as abscesses, bilious conditions, cancer, cough, fatigue, gastrointestinal discomfort, fever, veisalgia, cardiovascular disorders, neurosis, scurvy, and urinary tract disorders. Its antioxidants have the capacity to destroy free radicals that damage cells and increase risk of inflammatory conditions such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Aim of the study: This review synthesizes findings from animal studies and clinical trials to assess effectiveness of hibiscus for treating biomarkers of metabolic syndrome including hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein, obesity, and hypertension. Materials and methods We searched for 12 edible species of hibiscus in the Google Scholar database. Each scientific name of these species, their common names, and their edible plant parts were searched in conjunction with fourteen key words associated with metabolic syndrome. A total of 68 articles met all inclusion criteria for this review, including 18 that tested human subjects, 48 that tested other animals, one that tested humans and other animals, and one that did not specify. Results Hibiscus often improved blood glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, blood pressure, weight, lipid absorption and oxidation of fatty acids within vital organs around the abdominal cavity. Higher doses led to greater benefits in some cases, especially for body mass of animals, but lower doses were often equally effective. Hibiscus was often equally or more effective than pharmaceuticals in improving some biomarkers of metabolic syndrome, especially blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion Hibiscus shows great promise for improving biomarkers of metabolic syndrome, but there are limitations that need to be addressed by future work, including increasing the number and size of human clinical trials, expanding human trials to include people from a greater diversity of ethnicities, taking into account the health and physical activity of human participants, investigating the influence of growing conditions and extraction/preparation techniques on nutrients in hibiscus, comparing the efficacy of several plant parts and plant products of hibiscus to a reference control group within the same experiment, incorporating rigorous statistical analysis of treatments and investigating the influence of dosage.
... The calyx contains polysaccharides, organic acids, and flavonoids, mainly anthocyanins [13]. Studies have shown that anthocyanins hypotensive effect could be explained by two main mechanisms: the modulation of aldosterone activity and the inhibitory effect of the angiotensin converting enzyme [11,[14][15][16]. Also, the hibiscus acid may have a vasorelaxant activity [17]. ...
... Several previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of H. sabdariffa calyx in reducing blood pressure [16]. Antihypertensive activity of hibiscus might be related to various synergistic mechanisms such as its diuretic effect and blockade of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system [14,15]. Data on antihypertensive activity of C. micranthum are relatively scarce. ...
Article
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Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (local names: bissap, karkade) and Combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) are widely known in traditional medicines and popular beliefs for their antihypertensive effect. This study assessed the clinical effectiveness of these two plants in the galenic forms of tablet and brew (decoction) in noncomplicated hypertensive patients. In total, 219 hypertensive patients with systolic blood pressure (SBP) between 140 and 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between 90 and 110 mmHg, without cardiovascular or renal complications, were involved in a multicentric randomized clinical trial in Senegal comparing five treatment regimens: bissap tablets (2 × 375 mg/day), bissap brew (10 g of calyx/day), kinkeliba tablets (2 × 200 mg/day), kinkeliba brew (10 g of leaves/day), and captopril (2 × 50 mg/day) as control. During the 6 months' follow-up, a significant and equivalent decrease of SBP was observed with the herbal drug approach (-19.5 ± 16.1 mmHg, p < 0.001) and control group (-19.7 ± 16.7, p < 0.001). Regarding the galenic forms, the brews tended to be slightly more effective than tablets (reduction of SBP: -20.7 ± 15.1 mmHg vs -18.7 ± 16.7). The rates of clinically significant effectiveness (decrease in SBP ≥ 10 mmHg) were 75%, 67%, and 65% with bissap, kinkeliba, and captopril, respectively. After 6 months, target blood pressure of <140/90 mmHg was attained by 49% of patients with bissap, 51% with kinkeliba and 40% with captopril. Bissap and kinkeliba appeared, at doses utilized, to be as effective as captopril over the 6 months' follow-up. In subsequent studies, brews might be started with a lower dosage.
... The mechanisms responsible for the blood pressure-lowering effect of H. sabdariffa preparations may involve direct vasorelaxation [69,158,159]. This can be inferred from the relaxation of noradrenaline-, KCl-, and/or phenylephrineprecontracted rat aortic ring preparations by aqueous and methanolic calyx extracts [69,158,159]. ...
... The mechanisms responsible for the blood pressure-lowering effect of H. sabdariffa preparations may involve direct vasorelaxation [69,158,159]. This can be inferred from the relaxation of noradrenaline-, KCl-, and/or phenylephrineprecontracted rat aortic ring preparations by aqueous and methanolic calyx extracts [69,158,159]. The antihypertensive and hypotensive effects may also be related to stimulation of diuresis following modulation of aldosterone activity by the anthocyanins, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acids in the preparations [160]. ...
Article
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Plant-based antihypertensive preparations are abundantly used in traditional medicinal practices in many parts of the world including the Republic of Suriname (South America). In some cases, their apparent blood pressurelowering activity may be related to inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). In this literature review, 12 plants that are commonly used in Suriname for treating hypertension have been compiled and assessed for an involvement of ACE inhibition in this condition. The 12 most commonly used ‘antihypertensive’ plants with ACEinhibitory properties are Ruellia tuberosa, Mangifera indica, Apium graveolens, Cocos nucifera, Cucumis sativus, Momordica charantia, Punica granatum, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Musa x paradisiaca, Averrhoa bilimbi, Phyllanthus amarus, and Piper betle. All of them inhibited ACE activity in vitro, 3 (M. charantia, P. granatum, and P. betle) inhibited ACE activity in laboratory animals as well, and 2 (P. granatum and M. paradisiaca) were also active against ACE in human subjects. Indications about the identity of the pharmacologically active ingredient(s) were available for R. tuberosa, M. indica, A. graveolens, M. charantia, H. sabdariffa, and P. amarus. In most cases, the active ingredient(s) were associated with phenolic compounds. The results from this study support the involvement of ACE inhibition in the blood pressure-lowering activity of traditionally used Surinamese medicinal plants but also indicate that the scientific evidence for this contention is limited. Further pharmacological studies on these aspects as well as the pharmacologically active constituents of the plants are warranted, since they may help identify novel plant-based ACE inhibitors
... The main component of H. sabdariffa i.e. anthocyanin, flavonoid dan chlorogenic acid possess potassium-sparing diuretics, natriuretic in addition to its antioxidant feature [5]. Diuretic is known to maintain the balance of water and electrolyte in the renal system [6]. ...
... The increase in creatinine by products is due to quersetin content which stimulates the release of Nitric Oxide (NO) on vascular endothelial. This phenomenon is known as vasorelaxation which results in failure in renal function [5]. ...
Article
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Hibiscus sabdariffa contains flavonoid, triterpenoid, anthocyanin which function as immunostimulant. H. sabdariffa is considered safe for animal renal; nonetheless, there are known side effects of which need to be further investigated for human renal. This research aims to investigate the effect of calyx capsule-ethanol extract H. sabdariffa for renal function of healthy male and female for 30 days period by monitoring Scr and Clcr component in their blood samples. The method of this experimental research was by pre and post-treatment by involving 20 healthy volunteers who have met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The volunteers have completed the informed consent for this experiment. Furthermore, volunteers were divided into two groups (10 male and 10 female). Each group was given orally 500 mg of calyx capsule-ethanol extract H. sabdariffa per day for 30 days period. Blood tests were taken on day 0, day 30 after consuming the capsule and day 45 (15 days after the last day of capsule intake) in order to measure the Scr and Clcr concentration in the blood samples by using Jaffe dan Cockcroft-Gault method. The results of each sampling day were further analyzed statistically and compared using Repeated ANOVA dan Friedman test. The results suggest that there was a difference in the renal function on day 0, 30 and 45 samplings. However, there was no significant difference in Scr dan Clcr concentrations on female and male volunteers (p>0.05). Specifically, the type of gender affects Scr concentration (p<0.05); however, it does not affect Clcr concentration (p>0.05). In addition, age and Body Mass Index (BMI) does not affect Scr and Clcr concentrations (p>0.05). The side effects discovered through the monitoring increased in mixturition and bloatedness. Calyx capsule-ethanol extract H. sabdariffa does not affect on renal function of healthy volunteers.
... Pressure can also be influenced by the amount of fluid volume in the body. Another mechanism of rosella flowers in controlling blood pressure is by regulating cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance, thereby reducing blood pressure and antihypertensive activity (Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012;Yusni & Meutia, 2020). ...
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Currently, hypertension is still a major problem for the elderly because its prevalence is increasing. Roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa) can be used as one of the main ingredients in making snacks (pudding) because roselle flowers have good nutritional content, including antioxidants. The implementation of this community service activity aims to provide education on the hypertension diet and the use of roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa) as an alternative snack for hypertension sufferers. This activity was carried out on February 25, 2024 at Perumda Candimulyo, Jombang Regency. The target for carrying out activities is the elderly with a total of 23 people. A series of community service activities, including health and anthropometric examinations, hypertension diet education, education on making and distributing roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) pudding. The method for implementing this activity is health education using the group discussion method. The media used in delivering this activity is leaflets. Community service activities take place in an orderly and smooth manner. By carrying out this activity, it is hoped that the elderly can adopt a healthy eating pattern so they can control blood pressure while at home.
... It regulates the pressure of the blood by increasing the rate of reabsorption of sodium, and the retention or reabsorption of water, as well as the constriction of the blood vessels [16]. Previously, the extracts from some medicinal plants, like Acalypha wilkesiana, Hibiscus sabdariffa, have been shown to demonstrate antihypertensive activity [17] by at least three major and specific mechanisms of action: diuretic [18], vasodilator [19], and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition [20]. The maintenance of the homeostasis of body fluid and blood pressure also involve the actions of nitric oxide (NO) [21]. ...
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The effects of different drying temperatures on the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive potential of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx was evaluated. The calyx were dried under different temperature conditions (− 58 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C, and 50 °C), and extracted with a solvent mixture of ethanol and water (1:4 % w/v). To induce hypertension, the rats were administered with 40 mg/kg body weight dose of N-nitro L-arginine methyl-ester (L-NAME), via the intra-gastric route. H. sabdariffa extract was administered orally, at varying doses (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) to the rats. Afterwards, the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive potentials of the extracts were evaluated using standard validated methods. Induction with L-NAME significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels, significantly decreased the HDL levels; significantly (p < 0.05) increased the levels of LPO/MDA, H2O2, and decreased GPx, and SOD activities; significantly (p < 0.05) increased the pressures (diastolic and systolic); significantly (p < 0.05) increased ACE and arginase activities, glucose level, and significantly decreased nitric oxide activity. Treatment with H. sabdariffa extract significantly (p < 0.05) reversed these trends in the hypertensive experimental rats. The hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and antihypertensive properties of the extract from the calyx of H. sabdariffa, which varies with the drying temperatures of the calyx, portends its potential as a curative agent in the treatment of hypertensive conditions, and other cardiovascular diseases.
... Recently, two meta-analysis studies have suggested improving impacts of sour tea supplementation on blood pressure and biochemical glycemic indices (14,17). These effects might be mediated through the inhibition of the α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), stimulation of nitric oxide secretion and diuretic agents' production, and activity enhancement of catalase and glutathione peroxidase (38)(39)(40). It is also shown that consumption of sour tea could improve serum triglyceride levels, liver enzymes, and total antioxidant capacity in NAFLD patients (31). ...
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Beverages of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. (sour tea) are widely used for improving liver diseases, hypertension cardio-metabolic indices, and body composition. Nevertheless, little is known about the impacts of sour tea on body composition and anthropometric indices. This study aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis on the evidence evaluating the effects of sour tea on body composition and anthropometric indices. International databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched to find clinical trial studies published up to February 2022. The response variables examined in the present study included body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat mass, and hip circumference. Pooled effect size of mean difference (95% CI) between the treatment and placebo interventions was estimated for body weight (-0.51 kg,-3.35, 2.32), body mass index (-0.09 kg/m2,-0.98, 0.80), waist circumference (-0.26 cm,-2.86, 2.35), hip circumference (-0.07 cm,-2.87, 2.74), and body fat mass (-1.85 %,-4.90, 1.19). This meta-analysis showed that despite the reducing effect of sour tea consumption on body composition and anthropometric indices, this effect was not statistically significant. However, there are several determinant factors that probably affected our findings, including the type, dosage, and duration of the intervention as well as the heterogeneity of the target population. Thus, future well-designed clinical trials are suggested to establish a definitive conclusion in this regard.
... The plant's leaf and calyx extract were reported to be diuretics, choleretics, blood pressure suppressive, chemo-protective, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and anti-cancerous agents. (Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012;Lin et al., 2011;Fullerton et al., 2011;Saravanan et al., 2011;Salem et al., 2022). The study aims to synthesize ZnO NPs in the green route using H. subdariffa leaf extract, giving special emphasis on the significant treatment of hyperbilirubinemia. ...
Article
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NP) were synthesized following the green route by whole leaf extract of the plant Hibiscus subdariffa. The formation of ZnO NPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible (UV-VIS) spectroscopy. The morphology and size distribution of synthesized particles were analysed by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). This study also provides experimental evidence for its ameliorative action against CCl4-induced hyperbilirubinemia in Swiss albino mice. Liver function enzyme assays like ALT (alanine transaminase), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (Gamma-glutamyl Transferase) and biochemical studies showed that altered biochemical profiles due to jaundice were restored significantly after the administration of H. subdariffa-mediated synthesized ZnO nanoconjugate over control and other treatments. Insignificant changes in hematological parameters such as Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, platelets and white blood cell counts among different treatment groups suggested the bio-friendly nature of the green NPs. H. subdariffa-mediated synthesized ZnO nanoconjugate exhibits a synergistic effect of both chemically synthesized ZnO NPs and H. subdariffa herb against hyperbilirubinemia.
... Scented tea contains chlorogenic acid and anthocyanins [45]. Laboratory evidence indicates that anthocyanins can induce eNOS expression in vascular endothelial cells through the Src-ERK1/2-Sp1 signaling pathway, promote NO production [46], inhibit the activity of the angiotensinconverting enzyme [47], and regulate aldosterone activity, thus producing a hypotensive effect [48]. As natural phytochemicals, the polyphenols and flavonoids in tea has additive and synergistic antioxidant activities [49], and the combined health effects were greater than that of a single substance. ...
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Objectives Prior research on the effect of tea consumption on blood pressure (BP) generated inconsistent findings. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of different types of tea consumption on BP. Methods We included 76,673 participants aged 30–79 from the baseline data of the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort (CMEC) study. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influences of different types of tea consumption on the risk of hypertensive BP. Moreover, multiple linear regression was used to examine the association between tea drinking and BP. Results Tea consumption was associated with a reduced risk of hypertensive BP by 10% (AOR: 0.90, 95%CI: 0.86–0.94). While dark tea was related to a 1.79–5.31 mmHg reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 0.47–1.02 mmHg reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP), sweet tea, regardless of the duration, frequency, or amount of consumption, significantly was associated with a reduced SBP by 3.19–7.18 mmHg. Green tea also was associated with a reduced SBP by 1.21–2.98 mmHg. Although scented tea was related to reduced SBP by 1.26-2.48 mmHg, the greatest effect came from the long duration (> 40 years:β=-2.17 mmHg, 95%CI=-3.47 mmHg --0.87 mmHg), low frequency (1–2 d/w: β = -2.48 mmHg, 95%CI=-3.76 mmHg–-1.20 mmHg), and low amount (≤ 2 g/d: β=-2.21 mmHg, 95%CI=-3.01 mmHg–-1.40 mmHg). Additionally, scented tea was correlated to a decrease in DBP at the frequency of 1–2 d/w (β=-0.84 mmHg, 95%CI=-1.65 mmHg–-0.02 mmHg). Drinking black tea only was associated with lowered SBP. The protective effect of black tea on SBP was characterized by the long-duration (> 15 years, -2.63–-5.76 mmHg), high frequency (6–7 d/w, -2.43 mmHg), and medium amount (2.1-4.0 g/d, -3.06 mmHg). Conclusion Tea consumption was associated with lower SBP and a reduced risk of hypertensive BP. The antihypertensive effect varies across types of tea consumed.
... It is widely grown for fibre ¶ and edible purposes, and it is used as a traditional medicine in India, Africa, and Mexico. Plant leaf and calyx extracts have been discovered to have diuretic, choleretic, hypotensive, blood pressure-lowering, chemo-protective, antioxidant, antitumors, and anti-cancerous properties [42]. This species is commonly grown for its fibre ¶ s and calyces and includes three different genotypes: green, red (most commonly used) and dark red. ...
Article
This study investigates the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing an aqueous solution of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. flower extract, which acts as a reducing agent as well as a capping agent. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the plant extract, indicating that they were the major agents capable of reducing zinc nitrate salt. According to our x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, ZnO-NPs exhibit a particular phase wurtzite structure. The ZnO-NPs are spherical in shape and have an average size of 15 nm, according to the measurements of the electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. Energy dispersion (EDX) analysis demonstrates that the NPs are mainly composed of zinc and oxygen. The zeta potential of these nanoparticles shows that they are very stable. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs was tested using agar dilutions with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. According to the research results, ZnO-NPs can be established as an extremely specific antibacterial agent for a wide variety of organisms to prevent bacterial growth. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of ZnO-NPs were determined using the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging approach, and the IC50 value of 38 μg/mL was measured for ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed significant catalytic performance of methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation. Overall, ZnO-NPs in their produced state has excellent potential in biomedical and wastewater treatment applications. Radical scavengers were used to evaluate the role of radicals in the reaction mechanism.
... ZnONPs also have applications for antibacterial, anti-diabetic, antifungal, acaricidal, pre-diculicidal, larvicidal activities [16,17,18,19,20] . Different medicinal plant and their leaf and calyx extract are found to have important properties such as diuretic, antioxidant, blood pressure suppressive, chemo protective, hypotensive, anti-tumor and anti-cancerous effect [21,22,23,24,25] . Karunakaran et al. [26] showed the antimicrobial properties of ZnONPs towards both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. ...
Article
In this work, we report the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Moringa Oleifera (Drumstick) leaves as natural precursor via precipitation method. The formation and characterization of ZnO nanoparticles was established by UV-VIS spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Particle Analyzer. The absorbance at 361nm proves the formation of ZnO. The IR spectra results proved the capping and stabilizing agents. The size of the particle was found to be 246.7 nm. Further, the ZnO was used as a nutrient in improvement of plant growth.
... It is widely grown for fibre ¶ and edible purposes, and it is used as a traditional medicine in India, Africa, and Mexico. Plant leaf and calyx extracts have been discovered to have diuretic, choleretic, hypotensive, blood pressure-lowering, chemo-protective, antioxidant, antitumors, and anti-cancerous properties [42]. This species is commonly grown for its fibre ¶ s and calyces and includes three different genotypes: green, red (most commonly used) and dark red. ...
Article
Full-text available
This study investigates the eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) utilizing an aqueous solution of Hibiscus sabdariffa L flower extract, which is acts as reducing agent as well as capping agent. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenols in the plant extract, indicating that they were the major agents capable of reducing zinc nitrate salt. According to our x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, ZnO-NPs exhibit a particular phase wurtzite structure. The ZnO-NPs are spherical in shape and have an average size of 15 nm, according to the measurements of electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurements. Energy dispersion (EDX) analysis demonstrates that the NPs are mainly composed of zinc and oxygen. The zeta potential of these nanoparticles shows that they are very stable. The antibacterial activity of ZnO-NPs was tested using agar dilutions with a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. According to the research results, ZnO-NPs can be established as an extremely specific antibacterial agent for a wide variety of organisms to prevent bacterial growth. Furthermore, the antioxidant properties of ZnO-NPs were determined using the 2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging approach, and the IC50 value of 38 μg/mL was measured for ZnO-NPs. Furthermore, the biosynthesized ZnO-NPs showed significant catalytic performance of methyl orange (MO) under UV irradiation. Overall, ZnO-NPs in their produced state have excellent potential in biomedical and wastewater treatment applications. Radical scavengers were used to evaluate the role of radicals in the reaction mechanism.
... The antihypertensive activity of roselle could be mediated by many mechanisms included inhibition of angiotensinconverting enzyme activity and subsequent renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, (especially anthocyanins delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside,cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside and related flavonoid glycosides), enhancement of vascular activity by Na+ -K+ -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase, enhancement of NO production, as endothelium derived relaxing factor (EDRF), attenuation of the discharge of the sympathetic nervous system and diuretic effects (105)(106)(107)(108)(109)(110)(111)(112)(113)(114)(115) . ...
Article
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Plants are a valuable source of a wide range of secondary metabolites, which are used as pharmaceuticals preparations. The previous studied showed that many medicinal plants possessed hypotensive effects and affected vascular activity either by direct effect on vascular smooth muscles or indirectly by affecting endothelium vasoactive substances. The current review was designed to highlight the medicinal plants with hypotensive and vascular effects as promising future therapies because of efficacy and safety.
... Consumption of three servings of H. sabdariffa tea daily lowered the blood pressure in pre-and mid hypertensive adults (McKay et al., 2010). In addition, Hibiscus sabdariffa can have the antihypertensive effect via three major mechanisms: diuretic (Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012), vasodilator (Sarr et al., 2009), and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (Ojeda et al., 2010). However, H. sabdariffa extract can reduce high blood pressure on long term as antioxidant (Chen et al., 2004), which considered a cardioprotective effect. ...
Article
The objective of the study conducted here was to investigate effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on the body weight, complete blood count (CBC), liver function, and lipid profile in rabbits. A total of 20 local male rabbits were randomly divided into four experimental groups, including five rabbits in each group: (i) control; (ii) starvation; (iii) H. sabdariffa extract; and (iv) H. sabdariffa extract and starvation. Blood samples were collected directly from the heart at the end of the experiment (day 28) and used for complete blood count and estimation of cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT, and AST. Aorta and liver sections were histopathologically examined. Results indicated that the Body weight at the end of the study was significantly decreased in starvation, extract, and starvation and extract groups, compared to the beginning of the study for each group. There was no difference in the body weight between groups at the end of the study. Rabbits in the extract group showed significant increase in lymphocytes, RBC, hemoglobin, and platelets, compared to those in control and in starvation groups. ALT activity significantly increased in starvation, extract, and starvation and extract groups, compared to those in control group. AST activity significantly increased in both extract and starvation and extract group, compared to those in control and starvation groups. Cholesterol and triglycerides decreased in starvation, extract, and starvation and extract groups, compared to those in control group. Histopathological sections indicated simple changes in aorta layers in starvation group rabbits including few number foam cells in tunica media. Liver sections from starvation group rabbits showed coagulative necrosis of hepatocytes, hyperplasia of bile duct endothelia, dilation and congestion of central veins. In extract group there was dilation of central veins, vacuolar degeneration of the hepatocytes, infiltration of inflammatory cells and hepatic artery congestion. Similar changes were revealed in liver sections from starvation and extract group. In conclusion, aqueous H. sabdariffa can decrease the body weight as alternative to the starvation, decrease blood cholesterol and triglycerides, and increase the immunity; however, daily consumption can have impact on the liver.
... H. sabdariffa has shown also cardioprotective activities by modulating aldosterone action and producing negative inotropic responses. These effects were associated with the presence of some anthocyanins, including delphinidin and cyanidin (Jim enez-Ferrer et al. 2012;Micucci et al. 2015). Rosa species have shown also promising results toward cardioprotection. ...
Article
Edible flowers are attracting special therapeutic attention and their administration is on the rise. Edible flowers play pivotal modulatory roles on oxidative stress and related interconnected apoptotic/inflammatory pathways toward the treatment of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the phytochemical content and therapeutic applications of edible flowers, as well as their modulatory potential on the oxidative stress pathways and apoptotic/inflammatory mediators, resulting in anticancer effects. Edible flowers are promising sources of phytochemicals (e.g., phenolic compounds, carotenoids, terpenoids) with several therapeutic effects. They possess anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-depressant, anxiolytic, anti-obesity, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects. Edible flowers potentially modulate oxidative stress by targeting erythroid nuclear transcription factor-2/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (Nrf2/ERK/MAPK), reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant response elements (AREs). As the interconnected pathways to oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukins (ILs) as well as apoptotic pathways such as Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), Bcl-2, caspase and cytochrome C are critical targets of edible flowers in combating cancer. In this regard, edible flowers could play promising anticancer effects by targeting oxidative stress and downstream dysregulated pathways.
... The mechanism facilitating these effects is the blockage of expression of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which is the target of aldosterone antagonists. [23] This was determined through acute administration of Hibiscus Sabdariffa aqueous extract on male albino rats which were first adrenalectomized (ADX) with sodium penorbitol. The bioactive compound 'quercetin' has been observed to reduce hypertension by affecting the kidney filteration and increasing renal vasorelaxation. ...
Article
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According to World Health Organisation, around 80% of the population around the world uses herbal medicine. The utilization of the same is expected to grow within the forthcoming years and hence may lead to the necessity of developing newer products which are more potent, less toxic and give a lifelong benefit. Hibiscus sabdariffa commonly known as sorrel or roselle is a tropical plant that is grown and used widely across the globe for its multiple utilities. The plant is generally cultivated as a garden plant or in multi-crop cultivation and is typically reared for its flower and red calyces that has always been a crucial resource for medicinal treatment of many chronic and degenerative diseases like diabetes, kidney and urinary bladder stone, cancer etc. The seeds, leaves and stem of Hibiscus sabdariffa are also reported to be used in the food, pharmaceutical and fibre industry in spite of having 220 other Hibiscus species all around the world. In the current review, the potential pharmacological properties of the plant extract viz. are focused and elaborated with an aim to serve it as a ready reference for future research and necessary exploitation of the plant for pharmaceutical and neutraceutical applications.
... (Jiménez-Ferrer et al. 2012). It was confirmed by other studies proved that quercetin in calyx extract induced the vascular endothelium to release nitric oxide (NO) resulting in increasing kidney filtration and renal vasorelaxation (Alarcón-Alonso et al. 2012). ...
Article
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) calyx extracts have been well-documented for the treatment of hypertension, liver dysfunctions, and diabetes among others. An updated concise review of HS regarding phytoconstituents, and involved putative mechanisms of potential biological activities is presented. HS showed other food and other industrial applications, including the preparation of metallic nanoparticles. These activities were explained by the presence of a broad spectrum of valuable phytochemicals, including the red pigments anthocyanins, phenolic, and organic acids and polyphenolics (e.g., flavonoids and tannins). Most of the bioactivities were found to be associated with anthocyanins-rich extracts. Anthocyanins were found to have various mechanisms for the treatment of hypertension, including direct vasodilation and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). However, leaves and seeds showed also other potential applications in food industry, owing to the significant amounts of phenolic antioxidant compounds. Therefore, valorization and optimization of bioactive constituents’ extraction from plant biowastes should be considered for maximizing the benefits of HS extracts.
... Inhibícia Kyselina ibišková V Afrike sa už od nepamäti používa ibištek sudánsky (Hibiscus sabdarifa L.), pretože jeho diuretické vlastnosti napomáhajú pri hypertenzii, ľadvinových a močových kameňoch 31) . Existujú však štúdie, ktoré popisujú pozitívny vplyv aj na pacientov trpiacich obezitov 32) . ...
Article
Development of civilization diseases such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome or obesity, enforces the increasing effort to find new drugs, especially from natural sources. These include α-amylase inhibitors, which break down polysacharides into simple sugars in the body of a healthy person. As this cleavage affects the level of blood sugar, which is sought to be therapeutically influenced, there is a growing interest in these substances. This review maps the types of amylase inhibitors, including their natural resources.
... Polyphenol water extract, in fact, seems to inhibit ATPase activity (Mezesova et al., 2010) affecting the Na + /K + concentration gradient in nephron tubular segment epithelial cells. In addition, the diuretic-as well as natriuretic-and potassium sparing-effects of the extract seems to be due to H. sabdariffa ability to downregulate aldosterone (Jimenez-Ferrer et al., 2012). ...
Article
Hypertension has become the leading risk factor for worldwide cardiovascular diseases. Conventional pharmacological treatment, after both dietary and lifestyle changes, is generally proposed. In this review, we present the antihypertensive properties of phytocomplexes from thirteen plants, long ago widely employed in ethnomedicines and, in recent years, increasingly evaluated for their activity in vitro and in vivo, also in humans, in comparison with synthetic drugs acting on the same systems. Here, we focus on the demonstrated or proposed mechanisms of action of such phytocomplexes and of their constituents proven to exert cardiovascular effects. Almost seventy phytochemicals are described and scientifically sound pertinent literature, published up to now, is summarized. The review emphasizes the therapeutic potential of these natural substances in the treatment of the 'high normal blood pressure' or 'stage 1 hypertension', so-named according to the most recent European and U.S. guidelines, and as a supplementation in more advanced stages of hypertension, however needing further validation by clinical trial intensification.
... In the in vitro model, renal filtration was increased 48% with the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and an additive effect was recorded when Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract was perfused with furosemide (144). The diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa were due in part to the modulation of aldosterone activity by the presence of compounds potentially responsible for this modulation, as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid (102).Supplementation of aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa at different doses (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg bw) significantly lowered the deposition of stone-forming constituents in the kidneys and serum of urolithiatic rats. These findings were confirmed by the histological investigations (145). ...
Article
Full-text available
The phytochemical analysis of Hibiscus sabdariffa showed that the plant contained alkaloids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, tannins, polyuronides, cardiac glycosides, reducing sugar, carbohydrate, protein, gums, mineral, essential and volatile oils. The recent pharmacological studies showed that Hibiscus sabdariffa possessed antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, apoptotic, immunological, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antidiabetic, smooth muscle relaxant, gastrointestinal antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, protective effects, wound healing, and wide range of cardiovascular and CNS effects. The current review discussed the chemical constituent, pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa.
... Therefore, the increment in urine volume decreases the saturation of the salts and thus prevents the precipitation of the crystals at physiological pH [35]. Chlorogenic acid, cyanidin, delphinidin, quercitin [90], gallic acid [91], genistein [92], luteolin [93], protocatechuic acid [58] and rutin [94] are reported to possess diuretic activity. Fig. 2. shows the renal stone prevention mechanisms of polyphenols. ...
... In the in vitro model, renal filtration was increased 48% with the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa and an additive effect was recorded when Hibiscus sabdariffa aqueous extract was perfused with furosemide [72]. The diuretic, natriuretic, and potassium sparing effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa are due in part to the modulation of aldosterone activity by the presence of compounds potentially responsible for this modulation, as anthocyanins, flavonoids, and chlorogenic acid [73]. Juniperus communis A 10% aqueous infusion of juniper, 0.1% aqueous solution of juniper oil (with 0.2% of Tween 20 solubilizer) and 0.01% aqueous solution of terpinen-4-ol were orally administered to rats at 5ml/100g bw to determine the effect on urine output. ...
Article
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Antiurolithiatic drugs are the drugs which dissolve or prevent the formation of urinary calculi, while diuretics are drugs which increase the volume of urine excreted. Several medicinal plants can inhibit urolithiasis by many mechanisms: maintains crystalloid-colloid balance by decreasing excretion of urinary calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphorus and protein in urolithiasis, improves the renal function by increasing the excretion of urea and creatinine, diuretic and ACE inhibition activity. On the other hand many drugs can produce diuretic effect via their effects on renal water channels, on renal carriers, on nitric oxide-cGMP pathway, on prostaglandin-cAMP pathway, on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), on the kinin-kallikrein system (KKS), s on carbonic anhydrase and osmotic effects on kidneys. The current review will discuss the medicinal plants with antiurolithiatic and diuretic effects and their potential in the treatment of urinary stone.
... Alternatively, anthocyanins may decrease blood pressure by inhibiting ACE activity [163]. These compounds, along with the flavonoids and the chlorogenic acids, have also been suggested to decrease hypertension by stimulating diuresis following modulation of aldosterone activity [164]. ...
Chapter
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Hypertension is the most important modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular, cerebrovas-cular, and renal diseases which are together among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Despite the availability of a wide range of effective medicines, many individuals suffering from hypertension use plant-derived preparations for treating their disease. The choice for these alternatives is often associated with the closer relationship of such approaches to specific social, cultural, and religious perceptions about health and disease. However, in most cases, the scientific evidence for clinical efficacy of such medications is scant. The Republic of Suriname is a middle-income country in South America with a relatively high prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases. This country harbors descendants of all continents, all of whom have preserved their cultural customs including their ethnopharmacological traditions. As a result, many Surinamese are inclined to treat their diseases including hypertension as they have done for centuries, that is, with plant-based preparations. This chapter has compiled the plants used for treating hypertension in Suriname; extensively evaluates 15 commonly used plants for potential efficacy on the basis of available phytochemical, mechanistic, pre-clinical, and clinical literature data; and closes with conclusions about their potential usefulness against the disease.
... The diuretic effect of EFPA could be most likely related to these secondary active metabolites. Indeed, polyphenolic compounds, triterpenoids and saponins have been described to contribute to the diuretic effect of several plant extracts including Musanga cecropioides, Viscum angulatum, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Nigella sativa [27][28][29][30]. ...
Article
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Background: Phyllanthus amarus (Schum & Thonn), a plant belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae is used in Ivorian traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension. However, although this plant has been described as a diuretic agent, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism action of diuretic effects of an ethanolic fraction of Phyllanthus amarus (EFPA) in rats. Methods: Effects of EFPA on urinary excretion were carried out for doses ranging from 5 to 80 mg/kg given by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and compared with that induced by furosemide (5 mg/kg) after 8 h. Thereafter, the diuretic activity of EFPA was also evaluated in the presence of indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) in order to determine the involvement of prostaglandins, after 24 h. Results: Between 5 and 80 mg/kg, EFPA induced a significant urinary excretion. The profile of urinary excretion showed that after 2 h, the highest dose of 80 mg/kg induced a urinary volumetric excretion (UVE), which was similar to that induced by furosemide. After 24 h, EFPA at 10 mg/kg increased significantly UVE, Na+ (43 mEq) and Cl ̄ (97 mEq) urinary excretions without promoting kaliuresis. In rats pretreated with indomethacin, the urinary excretion and the natriuretic response of EFPA were significantly reduced. Conclusion: Altogether, this study has shown that EFPA promotes a significant urinary excretion of water and Na+, confirming its diuretic activity. Moreover, the increased diuresis could be attributed, at least in part, to the involvement of prostaglandins. Keywords: Phyllanthus amarus, Diuresis, Electrolytes, Prostaglandins
... The diuretic effect of EFPA could be most likely related to these secondary active metabolites. Indeed, polyphenolic compounds, triterpenoids and saponins have been described to contribute to the diuretic effect of several plant extracts including Musanga cecropioides, Viscum angulatum, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Nigella sativa [27][28][29][30]. ...
Article
Full-text available
Background: Phyllanthus amarus (Schum & Thonn), a plant belonging to the family of Euphorbiaceae is used in Ivorian traditional medicine to treat cardiovascular disorders such as hypertension. However, although this plant has been described as a diuretic agent, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism action of diuretic effects of an ethanolic fraction of Phyllanthus amarus (EFPA) in rats. Methods: Effects of EFPA on urinary excretion were carried out for doses ranging from 5 to 80 mg/kg given by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) and compared with that induced by furosemide (5 mg/kg) after 8 h. Thereafter, the diuretic activity of EFPA was also evaluated in the presence of indomethacin (5 mg/kg, i.p.) in order to determine the involvement of prostaglandins, after 24 h. Results: Between 5 and 80 mg/kg, EFPA induced a significant urinary excretion. The profile of urinary excretion showed that after 2 h, the highest dose of 80 mg/kg induced a urinary volumetric excretion (UVE), which was similar to that induced by furosemide. After 24 h, EFPA at 10 mg/kg increased significantly UVE, Na+(43 mEq) and Cl¯(97 mEq) urinary excretions without promoting kaliuresis. In rats pretreated with indomethacin, the urinary excretion and the natriuretic response of EFPA were significantly reduced. Conclusion: Altogether, this study has shown that EFPA promotes a significant urinary excretion of water and Na+, confirming its diuretic activity. Moreover, the increased diuresis could be attributed, at least in part, to the involvement of prostaglandins.
... These compounds may interact individually or synergically on kidney receptor to increase urine output [15] . Interesting, early study showed that polyphenolic compounds, flavonoïdes, saponins and triterpenoids have diuretic effect [16][17][18] . This will be more salient to identify these compounds to elucidate the main mechanism underlying. ...
Article
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The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of Phyllanthus amarus extracts and its fractions on urinary excretion. Aqueous extract of Phyllanthus amarus was prepared by decoction of the whole plant and lyophilized. Ethanolic fraction and chloroformic fraction of Phyllanthus amarus were obtained from aqueous extract. Animal were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats and placed individually in metabolic cages. The control group received normal water. A positive control group received furosemide (5 mg/kg, i.p.), used as a reference loop diuretic drug. Three other groups were treated with aqueous extract or ethanolic fraction or chloroformic fraction of Phyllanthus amarus by intraperitoneal injection at the same dose of 40 mg/kg. Urine volumes were collected each 2 h during 8 h period. The diuretic action was obtained by a ratio of urinary excretion of treated group and that of control group. Phyllanthus amarus extracts increased urinary excretion. This effect was time dependant and significant, compared to control group (p < 0.001). During all experiments, ethanolic fraction increased urinary excretion, more than other extracts. After 8h period, it had eliminated about 2.44 ± 0.27 mL, however this value remained less than that of furosemide (3.01 ± 0.17 mL). The urinary excretion induced by furosemide was significantly high (p < 0.05), compared to ethanolic fraction, but the ratio was similar. This study showed that, like furosemide, ethanolic fraction seemed to be the most potent extract for diuresis. Further studies might be carried out to identify the actives molecules and its mechanisms.
... H. sabdariffa is a plant rich in many constituents with known activity on the cardiovascular system [20]. Its antihypertensive activity might be explained by a diuretic effect through anti-aldosterone activity [21] and by a vasodilator effect through angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition by anthocyanins [22]. Some experimental studies suggested that observed benefits of Hibiscus on the endothelial function are driven by its antioxidant and antiinflammatory effects, which are more prominent than diuresis and inhibition of the angiotensin converting enzyme [12,20]. ...
Article
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Medicinal plants are widely used as a first-line therapy for hypertension, often without comparative clinical data. A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess efficacy of Combretum micranthum (kinkeliba) and Hibiscus sabdariffa (bissap), in the galenic form of capsules of plant powder, on blood pressure in adult patients with non-complicated hypertension ( > 140/90 mm Hg). One hundred and twenty five patients were randomly allocated into group 1 (kinkeliba leaves 190 mg × 2/day), or group 2 (bissap calyx 320 mg × 2/day), or group 3 (ramipril 5 mg /day) during four consecutive weeks. Blood and urinary samples were collected on day 0 and 28 while patients’ blood pressure was measured weekly. In all three groups SBP and DBP decreased over 3 weeks of treatment (P < 0.001). For SBP, mean decrease was higher with ramipril (−16.7 ± 8.4 mm Hg) than with kinkeliba (−12.2 ± 6.6 mm Hg, P = 0.016) and bissap (−11.2 ± 3.3 mm Hg, P = 0.001). For DBP, mean decrease with ramipril (−6.7 ± 3.6 mm Hg) was more important than with kinkeliba (−5.0 ± 3.0 mm Hg, P = 0.011) but not statistically different to bissap group (−6.0 ± 4.7 mm Hg, P = 0.271). A significant natriuretic effect was observed in the kinkeliba and bissap groups but not in patients under ramipril treatment. At the end of the four weeks, 39% [95% CI: 25.7–54.3] of patients in the ramipril group, 37% [95% CI: 23.6–51.9] of patients in the kinkeliba group and 21% [95% CI: 11.7–35.9] of those taking bissap had normalized their BP.
... Although the antihypertensive and the anticholesterolemic effects are not yet completely understood, a number of potential mechanisms have been proposed, such as a direct effect on vascular muscles, calcium channels, cholinergic, and histaminic mechanisms, as well as on the rennin-angiotensin system (Ajay, Chai, Mustafa, Gilani, & Mustafa, 2007;Herrera-Arellano et al., 2007). In addition, the antioxidant and diuretic effects are two important mechanisms suggested for the hibiscus hypotensive effects Jiménez-Ferrer et al., 2012). A high number of products with hibiscus in their composition are available in the market (Table 1). ...
Article
Herbs have been used from ancient times for infusion preparation based on their potential health effects. In particular, the consumption of Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Crataegus spp. and Panax spp. has been largely associated to cardiovascular benefits. In this work, the label information of 52 herbal products for infusion preparation containing the referred herbs was analyzed and discussed, taking into consideration the European Union regulation for herbal products, which intends to protect public health and harmonize the legal framework in Member States. Details about the cardiovascular-related statements and warning notifications about consumption were considered. Also, regulatory issues and possible herb-drug interactions were explored and discussed. A total of 14 of the 52 herbal products selected presented health claims/statements on the label. Hibiscus was present in the majority of the products and, in some cases, it was mentioned only in the ingredients list and not on the product front-of-pack. Despite the promising outcomes of these plants to modulate cardiovascular risk markers, consumers with some sort of cardiovascular dysfunction and/or under medication treatments should be aware to carefully analyze the labels and consult additional information related to these herbal products. Manufacturers have also a huge responsibility to inform consumers by presenting awareness statements. Lastly, health professionals must advise and alert their patients about possible interactions that could occur between the concomitant consumption of drugs and herbs. Overall, there is still a real need of additional studies and clinical trials to better understand herbs effects and establish a science-based guidance to assess their safety.
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The beverages of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces are widely used in Mexico as diuretic, for treating gastrointestinal disorders, liver diseases, fever, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension. Different works have demonstrated that Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts reduce blood pressure in humans, and recently, we demonstrated that this effect is due to angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor activity. The aim of the current study was to isolate and characterizer the constituents responsible of the ACE activity of the aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous extract of dried calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa using preparative reversed-phase HPLC, and the in vitro ACE Inhibition assay, as biological monitor model, were used for the isolation. The isolated compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. The anthocyanins delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (1) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (2) were isolated by bioassay-guided purification. These compounds showed IC(50) values (84.5 and 68.4 microg/mL, respectively), which are similar to those obtained by related flavonoid glycosides. Kinetic determinations suggested that these compounds inhibit the enzyme activity by competing with the substrate for the active site. The competitive ACE inhibitor activity of the anthocyanins 1 and 2 is reported for the first time. This activity is in good agreement with the folk medicinal use of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces as antihypertensive.
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In the kidney the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is regulated by the mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone, which is essential for long-term blood pressure control. Evidence has accumulated showing that ENaC is expressed in endothelial cells. Moreover, its activity modifies the biomechanical properties of the endothelium. Therefore, the vascular system is also an important target for aldosterone and responds to the hormone with an increase in cell volume, surface area, and mechanical stiffness. These changes occur in a concerted fashion from minutes to hours and can be prevented by the specific sodium channel blocker amiloride and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker spironolactone. Aldosterone acts on cells of the vascular system via genomic and non-genomic pathways. There is evidence that the classical cytosolic MR could mediate both types of response. Using a nanosensor covalently linked to aldosterone, binding sites at the plasma membrane were identified by atomic force microscopy. The interaction of aldosterone and this newly identified surface receptor could precede the slow classic genomic aldosterone response resulting in fast activation of endothelial ENaC. Recent data suggest that aldosterone-induced ENaC activation initiates a sequence of cellular events leading to a reduced release of vasodilating nitric oxide. We propose a model in which ENaC is the key mediator of aldosterone-dependent blood pressure control in the vascular endothelium.
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In order to compare the antihypertensive effectiveness and tolerability of a standardized extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa with captopril, a controlled and randomized clinical trial was done. Patients from 30 to 80 years old with diagnosed hypertension and without antihypertensive treatment for at least 1 month before were included. The experimental procedure consisted of the administration of an infusion prepared with 10 g of dry calyx from H. sabdariffa on 0.51 water (9.6 mg anthocyanins content), daily before breakfast, or captopril 25 mg twice a day, for 4 weeks. The outcome variables were tolerability, therapeutic effectiveness (diastolic reduction > or = 10 mm Hg) and, in the experimental group, urinary electrolytes modification. Ninety subjects were included, 15 withdrew from the study due to non-medical reasons; so, the analysis included 39 and 36 patients from the experimental and control group, respectively. The results showed that H. sabdariffa was able to decrease the systolic blood pressure (BP) from 139.05 to 123.73mm Hg (ANOVA p < 0.03) and the diastolic BP from 90.81 to 79.52mm Hg (ANOVA p < 0.06). At the end of the study, there were no significant differences between the BP detected in both treatment groups (ANOVA p > 0.25). The rates of therapeutic effectiveness were 0.7895 and 0.8438 with H. sabdariffa and captopril, respectively (chi2, p > 0.560), whilst the tolerability was 100% for both treatments. A natriuretic effect was observed with the experimental treatment. The obtained data confirm that the H. sabdariffa extract, standardized on 9.6mg of total anthocyanins, and captopril 50 mg/day, did not show significant differences relative to hypotensive effect, antihypertensive effectiveness, and tolerability.
Article
The present study was designed to investigate the hypolipidemic effects and antioxidant effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle) with regard to protection of LDL oxidation in vivo and ex vivo in rats made hypercholesterolemic by continuous cholesterol feeding. Administering the dried calyx extracts of roselle at doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg together with continuous cholesterol feeding to hypercholesterolemic rats for 6 weeks significantly decreased serum cholesterol level by 22% and 26%, respectively (p<0.001); serum triglycerides level by 33% and 28%, respectively (p<0.05); serum LDL level by 22% and 32%, respectively (p<0.05). However, serum HDL level was not affected. LDL was extracted from plasma of the hypercholesterolemic rats and the effects of the dried calyx extracts of roselle on the oxidation of LDL in vivo and ex vivo were examined. Six-week treatment with 250, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg of the extracts significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) formation (p<0.05) while the formation of conjugated dienes during the oxidation of LDL induced by CuSO(4) was reduced, but not significantly different. These lines of evidence suggest that the aqueous extracts from the dried calyx of roselle possess both antioxidant effects against LDL oxidation and hypolipidemic effects in vivo. However, its mechanism(s) of action remains to be elucidated.
Article
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) has been used in different countries as an antihypertensive. Pharmacological work has demonstrated that this effect is probably produced by a diuretic activity and inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Two clinical trials have confirmed the antihypertensive effect using watery infusions, in which a natriuretic effect was also detected. To compare therapeutic effectiveness, tolerability, and safety, as well as the effect on serum electrolytes and the ACE inhibitory effect of a herbal medicinal product prepared from the dried extract of H. sabdariffa calyxes (HsHMP) with those of lisinopril on patients with hypertension (HT), a randomized, controlled, and double-blind clinical trial was conducted. Patients of either sex, 25 - 61 years of age, with hypertension stage I or II, were daily treated for 4 weeks with the HsHMP, 250 mg of total anthocyanins per dose (experimental group), or 10 mg of lisinopril (control group). Outcome variables included effectiveness (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] reduction, ≥ 10 mmHg), safety (absence of pathological modifications in the biochemical tests of hepatic and renal function), tolerability (absence of intense side effects), effect on serum electrolytes, and effect on ACE activity. Basal analysis included 193 subjects (100 in the experimental group), while outcome variable analysis integrated 171. Results showed that the experimental treatment decreased blood pressure (BP) from 146.48/97.77 to 129.89/85.96 mmHg, reaching an absolute reduction of 17.14/11.97 mmHg (11.58/12.21 %, p < 0.05). The experimental treatment showed therapeutic effectiveness of 65.12 % as well as tolerability and safety of 100 %. BP reductions and therapeutic effectiveness were lower than those obtained with lisinopril (p < 0.05). Under the experimental treatment, the serum chlorine level increased from 91.71 to 95.13 mmol/L (p = 0.0001), the sodium level showed a tendency to decrease (from 139.09 to 137.35, p = 0.07), while potassium level was not modified. ACE plasmatic activity was inhibited by HsHMP from 44.049 to 30.1 Units (Us; p = 0.0001). In conclusion, the HsHMP exerted important antihypertensive effectiveness with a wide margin of tolerability and safety, while it also significantly reduced plasma ACE activity and demonstrated a tendency to reduce serum sodium (Na) concentrations without modifying potassium (K) levels. Further studies are necessary for evaluating the dose-dependency of HsHMP and for detecting lower effective doses. Abbreviations ACE:angiotensin-converting enzyme BMI:body mass index BP:blood pressure SBP:systolic blood pressure DBP:diastolic blood pressure f:frequencies HsHMP:Hibiscus sabdariffa herbal medicinal product HT:hypertension m:means Us:units
Article
The Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) was investigated for its uricosuric effect. A human model with nine subjects with no history of renal stones (non-renal stone, NS) and nine with a history of renal stones (RS) was used in this study. A cup of tea made from 1.5 g of dry Roselle calyces was provided to subjects twice daily (morning and evening) for 15 days. A clotted blood and two consecutive 24-h urine samples were collected from each subject three times: (1) at baseline (control); (2) on days 14 and 15 during the tea drinking period; and (3) 15 days after the tea drinking was stopped (washout). Serum and 24-h urinary samples were analyzed for uric acid and other chemical compositions related to urinary stone risk factors. All analyzed serum parameters were within normal ranges and similar; between the two groups of subjects and among the three periods. Vis-à-vis the urinary parameters, most of the baseline values for both groups were similar. After taking the tea, the trend was an increase in oxalate and citrate in both groups and uric acid excretion and clearance in the NS group. In the RS group, both uric acid excretion and clearance were significantly increased (p<0.01). When the fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUa) was calculated, the values were clearly increased in both the NS and SF groups after the intake of tea and returned to baseline values in the washout period. These changes were more clearly observed when the data for each subject was presented individually. Our data demonstrate a uricosuric effect of Roselle calyces. Since the various chemical constituents in Roselle calyces have been identified, the one(s) exerting this uricosuric effect need to be identified.
Antihypertensive effects of isoquercitrin and extracts from Tropaeolum majus L.: evidence for the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme
  • Ja Gasparotto
  • Fm Gasparotto
  • El Lourenço
  • S Crestani
  • Me Stefanello
  • Mj Salvador
  • Je Da Silva-Santos
  • Mc Marques
  • Ca Kassuya
Gasparotto JA, Gasparotto FM, Lourenço EL, Crestani S, Stefanello ME, Salvador MJ, da Silva-Santos JE, Marques MC, Kassuya CA. Antihypertensive effects of isoquercitrin and extracts from Tropaeolum majus L.: evidence for the inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 134: 363–372